高中英语人教版必修一 Unit4 课文内容

高中英语人教版必修一Unit4课文内容高中英语人教版必修一Unit4课文内容高中英语人教版必修一Unit4课文内容V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考高中英语人教版必修一Unit4课文内容日期：20xx年X月必修一Unit4课文内容Youhavetimetotakeonlyonething.time后接不定式短语totakeonlyonething作定语。动词不定式作后置定语动词不定式可以做后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词，一般强调动作将要发生。HaveyougotanythingtosendIhavenothingtosay.△不定式与所修饰词间的关系可有一下4种：=1\*GB2⑴主谓关系被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如：Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.（someonewillhelpwiththework）=2\*GB2⑵动宾关系被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如：Ihavemanyletterstowrite.（towritemanyletters）=3\*GB2⑶同位关系不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如：WehavemadeaplantolearnfromLeiFeng.=4\*GB2⑷状语关系被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如：That'sthewaytodoit.那样做才对。Ihavenotimetogothere.我没有时间去那儿。△作定语的不定式如果含有不及物动词，且不定式所修饰的名词或代词表示地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词，但当不定时所修饰的名词是time,place或way时，不定式后的介词通常省去。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.Maryhadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.辨析：动名词、现在分词做定语=1\*GB2⑴动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如:

There

is

a

swimming

pool

in

our

school.

=2\*GB2⑵现在分词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰名词的特征，一般强调动作正在发生。如:

Listen

to

the

singing

bird.

Who

is

the

boy

running

towards

us。练习：=1\*GB2⑴Bird’ssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirds______away.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stay⑵Theability________anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressedInthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.too...to...结构该句型在多数情况下表示否定意义，通常为“太……而不能……，太……而无法……”。该结构用法说明如下：=1\*GB2⑴too为副词，修饰形容词或其他副词。to为不定式符号，其后接动词原形。Thehatistoolargetowear.Hewalkstooslowlytogetthereontime.=2\*GB2⑵不定式作结果状语，常用主动形式，其逻辑主语有时是句子的主语，有时不是，若不是，不定式的逻辑主语通常由for引出。Thebookistoodifficultforustoread.Shewastooshorttoreachtheapplesonthetable.=3\*GB2⑶该句型可以与“so...that...”，“not...enoughto...”句型转换。Sheistooshorttoreachthebookontheshelf.=Sheisnottallenoughtoreachthebookontheshelf.=Sheissoshortthatshecan’treachthebookontheshelf.△=1\*GB2⑴too...to...有时也可以表示肯定的意义：too后跟ready,eager,willing,pleased,glad等表示心情或倾向性的形容词时too前有only,all等副词对其进行修饰时Heistooeagertoknowtheresultoftheexamination.Iamonlytoogladtoacceptyourinvitation.=2\*GB2⑵can/couldnot...too/enough结构常出现在情景对话中，表示“再怎样也不未过，无论怎么也不够”。Youcannotbetoocarefulwhencrossingtheroad.Icannotthankyouenough.练习：=1\*GB2⑴同义句转换：=1\*GB3①Theboyistooyoungtojointhearmy.==2\*GB3②Itistoocoldforthestudentstoplayontheplayground.==3\*GB3③Theteacher’squestionwastoodifficultthatthestudentscouldn’tanswerit.==2\*GB2⑵–MustIturnoffthelightsafterwork–Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe_______carefultodothat.A.enoughB.tooC.soD.veryMiceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.此句为简单句，该句中的lookingforplacestohide作ran的伴随状语，状语中动作lookfor与句子的谓语ran表示的动作同时发生。现在分词作伴随状语现在分词表示主动，所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作是同时或几乎同时发生的。现在分词作状语，是对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的补充说明。现在分词作伴随状语的具体用法如下：=1\*GB2⑴现在分词作伴随状语时其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且现在分词与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。=2\*GB2⑵现在分词所表示的动作是伴随着句子的谓语动词表示的动作而发生或存在的，是主语的另一个、较次要的动作。=3\*GB2⑶现在分词作伴随状语，可位于句首或句末。=4\*GB2⑷现在分词作伴随状语时没有相应的状语从句可以与之相互转换，但可以转换为相应的并列句。HesatatthetablereadingChinaDaily.Shecameintothehouse,carryingalotofbooks.(=Shecameintothehouse,andcarriedalotofbooks.)Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.(=Helayonthegrass,andstaredattheskyforalongtime.)练习：用括号内动词的适当形式填空=1\*GB3①Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,_______(throw)shadowsontheground.=2\*GB3②Doyouwakeupeverymorning_______(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewdayItseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!本句为主从复合句，其中asif引导的表语从句，该从句用了陈述语气。asif引导从句的用法asif意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导方式状语从句与表语从句。其意义和用法与asthough相同。=1\*GB2⑴引导表语从句，常置于系动词look,seem,sound等之后。Shelooksasthough/ifsheweretenyearsyounger.=2\*GB2⑵引导方式状语从句，用来修饰主句的谓语。Thechildtalkstousasthough/ifhewereagrown-up.=3\*GB2⑶asthough/if引导的从句有时用省略形式，asthough/if后面可接形容词、副词、不定式、名词、分词、或介词短语等。Heactedasthough/if(hewere)afool.Tomraisedhishandasthough/if(heweregoing)tosaysomething.=4\*GB2⑷asthough/if从句的语气：=1\*GB3①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，那么从句就用陈述语气；=2\*GB3②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据，只是表达一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语气，用法如下：“asif/though+从句”表示虚拟的情况虚拟情况从句时态与现在事实相反一般过去时态与过去事实相反过去完成时态与将来事实相反Should/would/might/could+动词原形Youtreatthemasif/thoughtheywereyourparents.Hekeptworkingasthough/ifnothinghadhappened.Itlooksasthough/ifitisgoingtosnow.练习：用括号内词的适当形式填空=1\*GB2⑴Elizarememberseverythingasifit______(happen)yesterday.=2\*GB2⑵Hetalkedaboutthebookasthoughhe______(read)it.Infact,hedidn’treadit.=3\*GB2⑶Theskylookssodarkthatitlooksasthoughit_________.=1\*GB2⑴One-thirdofthenationfeltit.=2\*GB2⑵Allofthecity’shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时的主谓一致问题“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词的单复数来决定。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.About20percentofthestudentsareabsenttoday.“someof,plentyof,alotof,mostof,therestof,allof,halfof,partof,themajorityof...+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后接的名词决定。Therestofthemoneybelongstoyou.Therestofthestudentsarepraised.Alotofstudentsarewaitingimpatientlyoutside.Alotofmoneyhasbeenwastedfornoreason.△=1\*GB2⑴分数的表达法：分子在前，分母在后；分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是2或大于2时，分母用复数形式。onefourththreefifthstwothirdstwoandthreefifths=2\*GB2⑵百分数的表达法：百分数是有基数词和百分号或percent构成的thirty-fivepercent练习：=1\*GB2⑴One-thirdofthecountry______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens______blackpeople.A,is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;is=2\*GB2⑵Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich______savedforotherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.本句是and连接的并列句，manychildrenwereleftwithoutparents是leftmanychildrenwithoutparents的被动形式。withoutparents为介宾短语，在句中充当主语补足语，表示主语所处的状态。“leave+宾语+宾补”结构在该结构中leave表示“使处于……状态”，其后通常接复合宾语，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、介宾短语等充当。其常见结构如下：=1\*GB2⑴leave+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语Don’sleavethedooropen.Hehurriedhome,leavinghiskeysintheoffice.=2\*GB2⑵leave+宾语+现在分词，表示使某人或某物一直做某事。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。Don’tleavemewaitingoutsidetoolong.=3\*GB2⑶leave+宾语+过去分词，表示宾语所处的状态或动作已经完成。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系。Thebadweatherlefttheprojecthalffinished.=4\*GB2⑷leave+宾语+名词Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.练习：用leave的相关结构完成句子。=1\*GB2⑴工作不要半途而废。Don’t_________________________________________________________________.=2\*GB2⑵他直接上床睡觉了，没有关电视。Hewenttobedstraight,___________________________________________________.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.本句为主从复合句，定语从句whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstone修饰先行词anotherbigquake。本句中的asstrongas属于“as...as”结构。“as...as”结构=1\*GB2⑴as...as结构表示同级比较，意为“和……一样”，其中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。=2\*GB2⑵as...as结构可用于肯定句或否定句中，该结构用于否定句时可与“so...as”结构互换。=3\*GB2⑶as...as结构的几种形式：as+adj./adv.(原级)+asas+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+asasmany+可数名词复数+asasmuch+不可数名词+asHedoesn’tplaythepianoso/aswellashiseldersister.Hisbedroomisasneatashiseldersister’s.Heisashonestamanasyou.You’vemadeasmanymistakesasIhave.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.△as(so)...as结构有时可采用省略形式，即保留as(so)...，把后面的as以及其后的成分一同省略。Thepianointhatshopwillbecheaper,butnotas/sogood(asthepianosinthisshop).as...as结构若有表示倍数的修饰词twice,half等，需要把修饰的词置于第一个as前面→“倍数表达法”，用法如下：A+谓语动词+倍数+as+adj./adv.+as+BThetreeistwiceastallasthehouse.Herunsthreetimesasfastasher.他跑步是她的3倍快。练习：=1\*GB2⑴Thisrestaurantwasn’t______thatotherrestaurantwewentto.A.halfasgoodasB.ashalfgoodasC.asgoodashalfD.goodashalfas=2\*GB2⑵Exerciseis______asanyothertoloseweight.A.sousefulawayB.asausefulwayC.asusefulawayD.suchausefulway=3\*GB2⑶用as...as结构完成句子=1\*GB3①第一课与第二课一样容易。_______________________________________________________________________=2\*GB3②Jack与Kate一样努力学习。_______________________________________________________________________=3\*GB3③我很少看到妈妈像现在这样对我的进步这么满意。_______________________________________________________________________Allhopewasnotlost.部分否定表示部分否定时，用否定副词not与表示整体或全部意义的词every,everyone,everybody,everything,both,all连用，意为“并不都是；不全是”。Notbothofhissistersagreetohissuggestion.Itistruethatheisrich,buthemustknowmoneyisnoteverything.Allbamboodoesn’tgrowwell.=Notallbamboogrowstall.Bothofthemhaven’treadthisstory.=Notbothofthemhavereadthisstory.Everymanisnothonest.=Noteverymanishonest.△=1\*GB2⑴全部否定的表达方式：表示全部否定意义的词（no,none,nobody,nothing,neither,either等）+表示肯定意义的谓语。NoneofthemwillattendthemeetingtobeheldthisSunday.Noneofthesethingsaremine.=2\*GB2⑵表示肯定意义的词变为全部否定的情况：all→noneboth→neitherevery→noeverybody→nobodyeveryone→nooneeverything→nothingeverywhere→nowhere练习：It’saneither-ofsituation–wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonaholidaybutwecan’tdo________.A.othersB.eitherC.anotherD.bothHerearemyneighbourswhosehomewasdestroyedbytheearthquake.本句是一个复合句。Here位于句首，句子使用了全部倒装，即把谓语are放在主语myneighbours前面。whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词myneighbours.here,there等副词位于句首引起的全部倒装here,there,out,up等表示方向或方位的副词位于句首时，句子要用全部倒装。全部倒装是指将全部谓语提至主语前面。此种情况中谓语动词常为表示位置移动的动词且主语为名词。Hereisyourletter.Theregoesthebell.Outrushedaboy.上述情况中，当主语时名词时用全部倒装；当主语是代词时，则部分不倒装。Herehecomes.Hereyouare.归纳总结：表示地点的介词短语与上述副词一样，位于句首时，句子使用全部倒装。表地点的介词短语位于句首是为了强调地点概念。这时谓语动词通常为be,stand,lie,come,walk,sit等。Inthedistanceliesacar.Insidetheparcelwasaletter.Inthefrontofthelecturehallsitsaprofessor.练习：=1\*GB2⑴Up______intotheair.Thenthecrowdcheeredup.A.gotheballoonsB.didtheballoonsgoC.wenttheballoonsD.theballoonswent=2\*GB2⑵AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver__________,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.A.liesChongqingB.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqingD.doesChongqinglie△部分倒装结构部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)表示否定或半否定的词语置于句首时，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.→Notuntilthechildfellasleep,didmymotherlefttheroom.=2\*GB2⑵only在句首要倒装的情况（主倒从不倒）Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.=3\*GB2⑶as或though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步状语从句必须将表语或状语提前（即把形容词，副词，分词，行为动词提前）。=1\*GB3①句首名词不能带任何冠词。=2\*GB3②句首是行为动词时，其他助动词放在主语后。如果行为动词有宾语和状语，随行为动词一起放在主语之前。Studentasyouare,youshouldtryourbesttolearnEnglishwell.Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意:让步状语从句中，有though,although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。Thoughthepainwasbad,yethedidnotcomplain.=4\*GB2⑷其他部分倒装=1\*GB3①so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.=2\*GB3②在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should