考研考博-英语-三峡大学科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三峡大学科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

People（）fromworkweretobehelpeduntiltheyfoundnewjobs.

问题1选项

A.laidoff

B.laidon

C.laidaside

D.laidback

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项layoff“解雇，休息”；B选项layon“安装，提供”；C选项layaside“搁置，储蓄，留存”；D选项layback“躺下休息”。根据句意“被解雇（下岗）的人们将得到帮助，直到他们找到新的工作。”选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Don’tworryabouthim;Idon’tthinkhecomesintothe______atall.

问题1选项

A.picture

B.sight

C.file

D.case

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项picture“图片（comesintothepicture牵连进去）”；B选项sight“视力（comesintothesight进入视线）”；C选项file“文件夹”；D选项case“具体情况，事例”。句意：不要担心他；我认为他根本没有______。根据语境和固定搭配，A选项picture比较符合语境，意思指我认为这件事与他无关，所以不用担心他会出什么事。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项configuration“配置；结构；外形”；B选项constitution“宪法；体制；构造；结构”；C选项condemnation“谴责；定罪；非难的理由”；D选项contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今《科学》杂志上有一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物大多数来自地球本身的结构，而不是火星上的细菌。结合句意，B选项正确。

4.单选题

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

问题1选项

A.legible

B.radical

C.medieval

D.laden

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。legible“清晰的,易辨认的”;radical“激进的,根本的,彻底的”;medieval“中世纪的,老式的,原始的”;laden“负载的,装满的”。句意:理论和实践之间有着根本的区别。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Aweeklater,（）actionsweretakentocontroltheinflation,whichcausedriotsalloverthecountry.

问题1选项

A.desperate

B.ambivalent

C.ambiguous

D.deliberate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项desperate“拼命的，绝望的”；B选项ambivalent“矛盾的”；C选项ambiguous“模棱两可的”；D选项deliberate“故意的，深思熟虑的”。句意：一周后，政府采取了深思熟虑的措施来控制造成全国混乱的通货膨胀。此处填入空格的形容词修饰actions（措施，行动）。由句意可知一周之后才采取措施，那肯定是经过深思熟虑的，D选项“深思熟虑的措施”符合题意，其他选项都不准确。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Thepresident'senemiesarespreadingillrumorsto（

）hisauthority.

问题1选项

A.assert

B.forge

C.undermine

D.remain

【答案】C

【解析】assert维护，主张，声称；forge伪造，锻造；undermine破坏，削弱；remain保持，留下。句意：总统的敌人正在散布谣言去破坏他的权威。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

问题2选项

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

问题3选项

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

问题4选项

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

问题5选项

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.考察推理判断。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶尔的自我治疗已经成了人们正常生活中的一部分，接下来又提到了由于近百年来科学技术的发展，使得制药跟买药的现象越来越普遍，这些都是说明自我治疗已经有一段很长的历史了。选项A符合题意。

2.考察推理判断。文章第三段倒数第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到广告人将目标定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因为得这些小毛病的人都愿意在短时间内自行买药治疗，选项B符合题意。

3.考察细节事实。文章第二段提到科技进步带动了医学的进步，但是医学进步又产生了两个不利的影响，一是各种医药广告盛行甚至导致过度服用药物，二是久坐不动的现象越发严重，人们不爱运动、过度饮食、抽烟等各种不好的生活习惯。文章第三段主要讲述了聪明的广告人针对有需要的人打广告。这两段讲述了由于生活习惯，由于广告的影响，人们愿意去买药物自行治疗。选项C符合题意。

4.考察细节事实。文章第四段主要讲述了自我治疗是否会导致情况更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列举出了很多情况，比如购买的药物可能有不恰当的成分、使用者会依赖这些药物、使用者可能过去食用等等。选项D符合题意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段讲述了自我治疗的历史；第二段讲述了自我治疗出现的原因；第三段讲述了广告商对自我治疗产生的影响；第四段讲述了自我治疗有可能会引发的问题。由此可知，全文都是在讲述自我治疗。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Thatterribledaywillbedeeply（）inthechildren’smemory.

问题1选项

A.included

B.embraced

C.embedded

D.removed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项included“包括”；B选项embraced“包含；拥抱”；C选项embedded“使嵌入；使深留脑中”；D选项removed“去掉；移除”。句意：那可怕的一天将……在孩子们的记忆中。关键点Thatterribleday“那可怕的一天”，可知这份记忆是深刻的而且不美好，深深烙印在孩子们的记忆里。beembeddedin“嵌入；扎根于”，因此C选项符合题意。

9.翻译题

一个国家的经济实力带动其商业实力。20世纪20年代，英国公司拥有全世界直接海外投资40%的股份份额。而到了1967年，美国以50%的份额成为全球领头羊。这些数据的背后体现出的是文化的变革。英国人将电报和铁路传播到拉丁美洲，而美国公司则通过电影和广告将美好生活的理念兜售到世界各地。凯洛格（Kellogg）改变富人们的早餐习惯，柯达（Kodak）则帮助人们留住了假日的美好回忆。正如我们在本周的特别报告中所述，下一次企业的革命正发生在亚洲，它将改变整个世界的生活方式。

【答案】Acountry’seconomicstrengthdrivesitscommercialstrength.Inthe1920s,Britishcompaniesowned40%oftheworld’ssharesindirectoverseasinvestment,butin1967,theUnitedStates,witha50%share,becametheworld’sleader.Behindthesefiguresliesaculturalchange.TheBritishbroughtthetelegraphandrailwaystoLatinAmerica,andAmericancompaniessoldtheirideaoflivingagoodlifetotherestoftheworldviafilmsandadvertisements.Kelloggchangedtherich’shabitofhavingbreakfast,andKodakhelpedkeepholidaymemoriesalive.Asourspecialreportthisweekargues,thenextcorporaterevolutionistakingplaceinAsia,anditwillchangethelifestyleofthewholeworld.

10.单选题

Therearemanyarguments（）smokinginpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.towards

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：许多人反对在公共场所吸烟。

11.单选题

Whethertheirfootballteamwinisamatterof（

）tome.

问题1选项

A.indifference

B.discrimination

C.deviation

D.interests

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心”；B选项discrimination“歧视，区别”；C选项deviation“偏差，误差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否能赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合语境。

12.单选题

Thecarinfront____suddenlyatthetrafficlight.

问题1选项

A.pulledin

B.pulledinto

C.pulledup

D.pulledthrough

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pulledin停下B.pulledinto驶入……后停下，如进站、进车库等

C.pulledup慢慢停下D.pulledthrough渡过难关

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填的内容，受副词suddenly“突然地”修饰，并且主语为“前面的车”，后文为“在红绿灯处”，参考选项推断原句表达的句意为“前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下”。因此，A选项“停下”符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项pulledinto侧重于指驶入某处后停下，如进站、进车库等，与“在红绿灯处”矛盾；

C选项pulledup侧重于指慢慢停下，与suddenly“突然地”矛盾；

D选项pulledthrough“渡过难关”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下。

13.单选题

Theworldwillbeadvancingwithsuchgreatspeedthatour____willlookuponusandourtimewithasenseofsuperiority.

问题1选项

A.antecedents

B.descendants

C.predecessors

D.contemporaries

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.antecedents祖先B.descendants后代

C.predecessors前人D.contemporaries同时代的人

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处前文提到“世界将以如此快的速度前进”，空格处为从句的主语，后文提到“会以一种优越感看待我们和我们的时代”。“优越感”说明他们所处的时代比我们现在的时代要更好，而世界是不断进步的，因此，其主语应该是我们的后代，B选项descendants“后代”符合语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不能使原句前后语义衔接。

【句意】世界将以如此巨大的速度前进，以至于我们的后代将以一种优越感看待我们和我们的时代。

14.单选题

Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper（）itclosely.

问题1选项

A.followed

B.following

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系)，否则分词就必须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。由此可见，本题的正确答案是B选项。copperfollowingitclosely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。（独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语，或名词性短语，或形容词性短语，或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver，但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如：Hestoodthere,bookinhand.中的介词短语inhand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he，所以bookinhand为独立主格结构。）。句意：银是最好的导体，铜与之非常接近。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

15.单选题

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

问题1选项

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是对过去发生的事进行推测，所以应该用虚拟语气，首先排除选项A和C；根据句意可知，主语是she，是动作的执行者，所以为主动语态，选项B正确。

16.单选题

Judgesmustbefirm,fairand（

）intheirapplicationofthelaw.

问题1选项

A.normal

B.virtual

C.consistent

D.incessant

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词辨析。normal“正常的”；virtual“虚拟的”；consistent“一致的”；incessant“持续不断的”。句意：法官在实施法律时，必须做到坚定、公正、一致。选项C符合句意。

17.翻译题

AlotoftheforeignerswhocometoBeijingarrivewithanxiety,thinkingthattheChinesearedistant.ButIthinktheyareveryaffable,muchliketheSpanish.Sure,theyspeakadifferentlanguage,havetheirownvaluesandcodesofbehaviorbutIdonotagreewiththeviewthattheyareverystand-offish.Onejusthastomakeanefforttoconnectandneverprejudge.

HasChinachangedmeasaperson?Well,Iwouldn’trememberhowIwasbeforebecauseIwassoyoungand30yearsisalongtime.ButIsupposecominghereopenedmyeyestoalotofthings.FromtheChineseIlearnttopersevereandtohavenolimitsforeffortandwork.I’vebeeninfectedbythat.ButIalsolearnttherelativityofthings:nothingiscompletelyandabsolutelygoodandnothingiscompletelyandabsolutelybad.And,yes,thevalueofwaiting,butalsothesenseofjumpingtowardsopportunity.IlearnedalotofthingsbutIcontinuetolearn.

EventhoughI’vebeenhereforalongtimeIwouldnotsayIhavetwoidentities,aSpanishoneandaChineseone.NaturallyIamSpanishbecauseIwasbornandraisedinBarcelona.Iamhereonlyasanobserver.AndIthinkitisgoodtobeassuch.Notasonewhodoesnotknowwherehisrightfulplaceisbutonewhoisinvolved.Ido,however,believeonecanbecomeChinesebecauseChinahasastrongforce.ButIdonotthinkI’deverbecomeChinese.IcanonlysaythatIcanarriveatunderstandingofwhatitistobeChinese.

【答案】很多初到北京的外国人觉得忐忑不安，认为中国人不够热情。但我认为他们非常友好，这点很像西班牙人。当然他们说着不同的语言，有他们自己的价值和行为准则，但我不同意把他们看成是冷漠的人。一个人只是必须通过努力才能实现沟通，而绝不要武断。

中国有没有改变我的为人之道呢？噢，我都记不得我曾经是个怎么样的人，因为那时我是那么年轻，而30年是一段很长的时间。但我认为，我来这里见识了许多事情。我从中国人身上学到了百折不挠和不遗余力地工作。我被这些精神感染了。但我也学会了事物的相对性：凡事没有绝对的好，也没有绝对的坏。此外，是的，我还学会了等待的价值，还有把握机遇的意义。我学到了很多但我还将继续学习。

尽管我在这里很长时间了，我不想说我具有两种身份，一个西班牙人和一个中国人。本质上讲我是西班牙人，因为我在巴塞罗那出生成长。我在这里只是作为一个旁观者。而我认为这样很好。不是作为一个不知自己确切身份的人，而是一个具有参与感的人。尽管我的确相信一个外国人有可能变成中国人，因为中国具有一种强大的力量。但我不认为我曾一度成为中国人，我只能说，我能够理解怎样才算是中国人。

18.单选题

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionmakesforequalityandthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythe“battleofthesexes”.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecases—weareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredof“Monism”—butwedon'twanttoexchangeitfora"neo-Popism".Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit—northeblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisinthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzeman'splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesispertinentnotonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily.

1.Thedangerinthesharingofhouseholdtasksbythemotherandthefatheristhat（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thefather'sroleinthehomeis

（

）.

3.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

4.Theauthorstatesthatbringingupchildren

（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

问题1选项

A.theroleofthefathermaybecomeaninferiorone

B.theroleofthemothermaybecomeaninferiorone

C.thechildrenwillgrowupbelievingthatlifeisabattleofsexes

D.sharingleadstoconstantarguing

问题2选项

A.minorbecauseheisanineffectualparent

B.irrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild

C.pertinenttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild

D.identicaltotheroleofthechild'smother

问题3选项

A.Ahealthy,cooperativefamilyisabasicingredientofahealthysociety.

B.Menarebasicallyopposedtosharinghouseholdchores.

C.Divisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiesisworkableonlyintheory.

D.Awoman'splaceisinthehomenowasalways.

问题4选项

A.ismainlythemother'sjob

B.belongsamongthedutiesofthefather

C.isthejobofschoolsandchurches

D.involvesapartnershipofequals

问题5选项

A.Americanfamiliesthatarerunbywomenarehappier.

B.TherolesofmenandwomenwillalwaysbeunequalintheAmericanhousehold.

C.Bothmenandwomenplayanimportantroleinahealthyfamily.

D.Womenshouldallowmentodomostoftheworkinthehome.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的第一句Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.（在一个男女角色不明显分开，许多家务或多或少分担的家庭中，男子优越的观念很难维持）可知A选项“父亲角色重要性会变低”符合题意。

2.三段中的Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzeman'splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.（然而，我们开始分析男性在家里的地位，并坚持他在家有一席之地，而且这个地位和孩子的健康成长不无关系）可知C选项“与儿童健康发展有关”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章最后两段中的Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprise...andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesispertinentnotonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily（家庭是一个合作的企业……平等的权利和平等的责任的理想不仅与健康的民主有关，而且与健康的家庭有关）可知A选项“一个健康、合作的家庭是一个健康社会的基本要素”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesispertinentnotonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily（平等权利和平等责任的理想不仅与健康的民主有关，而且与健康的家庭有关）可知平等在家庭中的重要性，因此D选项“涉及平等的伙伴关系”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要围绕男性与女性在家庭中的地位展开讨论，得出健康的家庭需要男女平等的关系，因此C选项“在一个健康的家庭中，男性和女性都扮演很重要的角色”符合题意。

19.单选题

Theboyseemedmore（）totheirpoverty,afterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.

问题1选项

A.reconciled

B.consolidated

C.deteriorated

D.attributed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。reconciled“妥协的；将就的”；consolidated“巩固的；统一的”；deteriorated“恶化的；变坏的”；attributed“归于”，根据后半句“在得知他的祖母当时的生活后”，可知男孩在得知祖母当时更贫穷艰辛的生活后，会对自己的贫穷妥协，reconciledto表示“接受；甘心”。句意：在得知他的祖母当时的生活后，这个男孩似乎……了自己家的贫穷。故正确答案为选项A。

20.翻译题

TheEnglishlanguageoftodayreflectsmanycenturiesofdevelopment.ThepoliticalandsocialeventsthathaveinthecourseofEnglishhistorysoprofoundlyaffectedtheEnglishpeopleintheirnationallifehavegenerallyhadarecognizableeffectontheirlanguage.TheRomanChristianizingofBritainin597broughtEnglandintocontactwithLatincivilizationandmadesignificantadditionstoourvocabulary.TheScandinavianinvasionsresultedinaconsiderablemixtureofthetwopeoplesandtheirlanguages.TheNormanConquestmadeEnglishfortwocenturiesthelanguagemainlyofthelowerclasseswhilethenoblesandthoseassociatedwiththemusedFrenchonalmostalloccasions.AndwhenEnglishoncemoreregainedsupremacyasthelanguageofallelementsofthepopulation,itwasanEnglishgreatlychangedinbothformandvocabularyfromwhatithadbeenin1066.

【答案】今天的英语反映了许多世纪的发展。在英国历史进程中深刻影响英国人国家生活的政治和社会事件，通常也对他们的语言产生了明显的影响。597年罗马人对不列颠的基督教化使英国接触了拉丁文明，并大大增加了我们的词汇。斯堪的那维亚人的入侵导致了这两个民族及其语言的大量混合。诺曼征服使英语在长达两个世纪的时间里成为下层阶级的主要语言，而贵族和与他们有关的人几乎在所有场合都使用法语。当英语再次成为所有人口的语言时，它的形式和词汇都比1066年发生了巨大的变化。

21.单选题

Scientistsaroundtheworldagreethattheearth’sclimateischangingduetohumanactivitiesthatreleasegreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Ifleftunaddressed,thissituationwillcauseincreasesevereweather,flooding,disease,andhabitatdestruction,allofwhichwillhavedevastatingimpactsonsociety.

Inanefforttoreduceitsowncontributiontoclimatechange,theUNFoundationhasinitiatedanumberofeffortsintheofficeandwithstaff.

Stepsbeingtakentoreducethefoundation’semissionsincludethefollowing:

AlightbulbexchangeprogramallowsstafftotraderegularbulbsfromhomeforCompactFluorescentLights(CFLs).CFLsuse70percentlessenergy,aremuchlessexpensivetorun.andlastlongerthanregularbulbs.

TheUNFoundationencouragesitsstafftousepublictransitwherepossibleandprovidesthemwithfreepublictransportsvouchers.UNFdoesnotprovideorsubsidizeparkingforitsemployees.

TheUNFoundationhasmovedintoanewGoldstandardLEED-certifiedofficeinearly2007,whichwillfurtherreducetheFoundation'simpactontheenvironmentwhilemaximizingefficiency,savingsandstaffcomfort.Thenewofficedemonstrateshighstandardsinkeyareasofhumanandenvironmentalhealth;energyefficiency,watersavings,sustainablematerials,indoorenvironmentalqualityandsustainablesitedevelopment.

TheUNFoundationoffsetsitsgreenhousegasemissionsfromday-to-dayofficeenergyusebycontributingtoareforestationprojectthatabsorbsthesameamountofcarbondioxideaswasemitted.

Todothis,theFoundationusedthemethodologyoftheGHGProtocolandtoolsprovidedbytheWorldResourcesInstitutetocalculatethetotalamountofitshistoricalcarbondioxideemissionfromelectricityconsumption,heatingandcoolingandairtravelatitsWashingtonD.C.andNewYorkCityoffices.

WithprobonolegalservicesgenerouslyprovidedbyBaker&McKenzie,theUNFoundationwasthenabletopurchaseanequivalentamountofcarbonoffsetsfromareforestationprojectintheSierraGordaMountainsofMexico.

ThisLTNDPprojectsequesters(隔离)carbondioxidefromtheatmospherebyreforestinglandspreviouslyconvertedtoagriculturalandlivestockuses.Overandabovethesequestrationofgreenhousegases,thisprojectalsohassignificantsustainabledevelopmentbenefitsbyenhancingbiodiversityinthemostecosystem-diversenaturalprotectedareainMexicoandbyprovidinglocallandownerswithanincometoreplacefarmingorherding.TheBiosphereReservealsorecentlydistinguisheditselfintheareaofsustainabletourismbywinningthe2007TourismforTomorrowDestinationAward.

1.CFLsgaintheadvantageoverregularbulbsfor（）.

2.What'stheprimarycauseforUNFprovidingfreepublictransportvoucherstoitsstaff?

3.WecaninferfromthispassagethattheLEEDcertificationemphasizes（）.

4.What'sthemeaningof"probono"inParagraph9?

问题1选项

A.theyconsumeas70%energyasregularbulbs

B.theyaremucheasiertorunbyus

C.theirlongevityislongerthanregularbulbs

D.theirpriceischeaperthanregularbulbs

问题2选项

A.Tostopitsstafffromdrivingprivatecarstowork.

B.Toencouragesitsstafftousepublictransit.

C.Torewarditsstaffwithgenerouswelfare

D.Toreducethereleaseofgreenhousegases.

问题3选项

A.innerandouterestheticism

B.basicfacilitiesandservice

C.human'shealthandwellbeing

D.energyandenvironment

问题4选项

A.Donewithoutcompensation

B.Beingfullofadvice

C.Especiallyprofessional

D.Beingalargenumber

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“节能灯与普通灯泡相比优势在哪里？”文章第四段提到“节能灯比普通灯泡节能70%，运行成本低很多，使用寿命更长”(CFLsuse70percentlessenergy,aremuchlessexpensivetorun,andlastlongerthanregularbulbs)，因此选项C“它们的寿命比普通灯泡长”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“UNF给员工提供免费公交券的主要目的是什么？”文章第三段提到采取了一些措施来减少温室气体的排放量，第四段提出采用节能灯，第五段提到UNF给员工提供免费公交券，让员工在条件允许的情况下使用，根本原因是为了减少气体的排放量，因此选项D符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章可知LEED认证强调的是什么？”文章第六段第一句提到联合国基金会2007年年初搬进了一个黄金标准的LEED认证办公室，这将进一步减少基金会对环境的影响……(TheUNFoundationhasmovedintoanewGoldstandardLEED-certifiedofficeinearly2007,whichwillfurtherreducetheFoundation’simpactontheenvironmentwhilemaximizingefficiency,savingsandstaffcomfort),并且新办事处在人类和环境卫生的关键领域都是符合高标准的，由此可知LEED认证所关注的问题是能源和环境两方面，选项D符合题意。

4.词义题。题目问的是“probono是什么意思？”该词出现倒数第二段，WithprobonolegalservicesgenerouslyprovidedbyBaker&McKenzie,theUNFoundationwasthenabletopurchaseanequivalentamountofcarbonoffsetsfromareforestationprojectintheSierraGordaMountainsofMexico（联合国基金会就能够从墨西哥SierraGorda山脉中的重新造林项目中购买等量的二氧化碳排放抵消量），以及generously“慷慨地”可推测probonolegalservices是“无偿的法律服务”，选项A符合题意。

22.单选题

（）hehasenoughmoneytobuyahouse,itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodo,asisoftenthecasewithhim.

问题1选项

A.Seeingthat

B.Providedthat

C.Grantedthat

D.Consideringthat

【答案】C

【解析】辨析题。Seeingthat鉴于,

由于因为；Providedthat如果,

倘若,

条件是；Grantedthat即使；Consideringthat考虑到,

就...而论。句意：即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子,

这也不意味着他就要去买,

这对他来说是常事。选项C符合句意。

23.不定项选择题

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarⅡ,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeserving,rich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican”,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeel