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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三峡电力职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Computerequipmentcanbecome

veryquicklybecausenewtechnologyemergessofast.

问题1选项

A.primitive

B.expired

C.ragged

D.obsolete

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。primitive“原始的”;expired“过期的,失效的”;ragged“粗糙的”;obsolete“淘汰的;废弃的;过时的”。句意:由于新技术的迅速出现,计算机设备可能很快就会过时。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

OnethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,()intheSanFranciscoarea.

问题1选项

A.remarkably

B.severely

C.drastically

D.predominantly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。remarkably“显著地,惊人地”;severely“严重地,严格地”;drastically“彻底地,激烈地”;predominantly“主要地,显著地”。句意:在美国,三分之一的中国人居住在加利福尼亚,大多数主要居住在旧金山地区。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Ironically,racialdiscrimination,whichis____withdemocraticprinciples,hasexistedinAmerica,“thegreatestdemocracyintheworld”.

问题1选项

A.incompatible

B.unanimous

C.disagreeable

D.contrary

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.incompatible(与某事物)不一致,不相配B.unanimous(决定或意见)一致的,一致同意的

C.disagreeable不合意的;令人不快的D.contrary相对立的;相反的

【答案】A

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】固定搭配:incompatiblewith表示“格格不入的;矛盾的;互斥的”,由句意“具有讽刺意味的是,在‘世界上最伟大的民主国家’美国,却存在着与民主原则……种族歧视。”可知,该搭配符合句意。句意为:具有讽刺意味的是,在“世界上最伟大的民主国家”美国,却存在着与民主原则格格不入的种族歧视。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项unanimous“(决定或意见)一致的,一致同意的”,与句意相反,不符合语境;

C选项disagreeable“不合意的;令人不快的”,不符合语境;

D选项contrary“相对立的;相反的”,与to搭配不与with搭配。

【句意】具有讽刺意味的是,在“世界上最伟大的民主国家”美国,却存在着与民主原则格格不入的种族歧视。

4.单选题

MikeDevine,chieffinancialofficerofNewYork-headquarteredCoach,whichmakesluxuryhandbags,saidataconferencerecentlyamovewasinthepipeline.

问题1选项

A.inthejobs

B.intheworks

C.inthejob

D.inthework

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A、C、D选项均表示“在工作中”;B选项intheworks“正在准备阶段;在进行中或准备中”。句意:总部位于纽约的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席财务长迈克•迪瓦恩(MikeDevine)最近在一次会议上表示,正在酝酿一项举措。inthepipeline“在运输中;在进行中;在准备中”。B选项与该词意思最相近,因此B选项正确。

5.翻译题

WhatisitthatwemeanbyLiterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneralandcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeofabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.

Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisalsoeasilyexpanded.FornotonlyismuchthattakesastationinbooksnotLiterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisLiteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramaagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare’splaysinEngland,andmanyleadingAthenianplays—operatedasaliteratureonthepublicmind,andwere(accordingtothestrictestletterofthatterm)publishedthroughtheaudiencesthatwitnessedtheirrepresentationsometimebeforetheywerepublishedasthingstoberead;andtheywerepublishedinthismodeofpublicationwithmuchmoreeffectthantheycouldhavehadasbooksduringagesofcostlycopyingorofcostlyprinting.

【答案】【参考译文】我们所说的文学到底是什么呢?一般来说,人们会不假思索地认为一切书中所印之物都是文学。这种说法经不起深究,再粗心的人也很容易意识到文学是联系着人们普遍兴趣的一个重要因素——仅仅是一个地方,一个行业或者是一个人的兴趣,即使以书本的形式出现也不算是文学。

文学的定义很容易受到限制,同样也很容易被扩大。大多数的书本都不能称之为文学,而相反的是,很多真正的文学却从未踏入过书本的行列。基督教堂里每个礼拜的布道词,数量巨大的文学讲坛,它们通过告诫、鼓励、振奋、安抚或警示对人们的心理产生了巨大而广泛的作用,但它们在图书馆里还占不到千分之一的席位。戏剧也是如此,举个例子来说,英国莎士比亚最优秀的戏剧,以及代表所有希腊灿烂文化的剧作早已在它们成为出版物被人传阅之前就已经在大众面前发表过了(根据“发表”一词最准确的意义来讲),并且在那个传抄和打印价格都很昂贵的年代里,它们以戏剧的形式发表而产生的影响远胜于书本所造成的影响。

6.单选题

()thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

问题1选项

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。so/such和that搭配都可引导结果状语从句,such后接名词,so后接副词或形容词,结构:so+adj.+a/an+名词,such+a/an+adj.+名词,so和such谓语句首要用部分倒装,选项A符合题意。句意:建筑用机器人是如此的聪明,以至于他们能够减少工地用量的百分之九十。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

IlookedatMumandthought(

)shewasasniceasshelookedmaybeallourliveswouldhavebeenbetter.

问题1选项

A.onlyif

B.ifonly

C.evenif

D.eventhough

【答案】B

【解析】考察固定搭配。onlyif只有;evenif=eventhough即使;ifonly“要是……就”;句意为:我注视着母亲,心想:要是她像看上去那么和蔼可亲就好了,这样我们的生活也许会变得更好。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Thepolicearesuspicious(

)hiswordsbecausehealreadyhasarecord.

问题1选项

A.to

B.at

C.on

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。besuspiciousof“对……感到怀疑”。选项D符合题意。句意:警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录。

9.单选题

BruceStephengrippedthe____wheelhardasthecarbouncedupanddown.

问题1选项

A.stirring

B.driving

C.steering

D.revolving

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析与上下文语义。A选项stirring“激动人心的,活跃的;搅动(stir的ing形式)”;B选项driving“起推动作用的;有巨大影响力”;开车(drive的ing形式);C选项steering“驾驶,掌舵(stir的ing形式)”;D选项revolving“旋转的;旋转(revolve的ing形式)”。句意:在汽车上下颠簸的时候,BruceStephen紧紧地抓住方向盘。steeringwheel表示方向盘,C选项最符合句意。

10.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughvalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoal.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistsextendorexploit,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofallartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaro(费力罗的婚礼)issurelyamongthemaster-piecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimitsoftherules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach,instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby____.

2.WhydoestheauthorsuggestthattheworkofBeethovenwas,highlycreative?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat____.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheirrespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

问题2选项

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatransitionbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

问题3选项

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

问题4选项

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmoderncomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmoderncomposerslikeBelaBertokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby____.作者认为,创造性艺术和自然科学之间的区别可以在某种程度上解释为____。

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheirrespectivepursuitsA.它们各自追求的目标不同

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupporttheirtheoriesB.它们用不同的方法来收集数据以支持它们的理论

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalformsC.它们用不同的方式尝试扩展已被接受的传统形式

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworksD.它们用不同的组织原则来创作新作品

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词distinctions、creativearts和naturalsciences定位到原文第1段第4句,该句提到“高度创造性的艺术和高度创造性的科学之间的差异,部分原因在于它们的目标不同(adifferenceintheirgoal)。”由此可知,A选项“它们各自追求的目标不同”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“它们用不同的方法来收集数据以支持它们的理论”,原文第1段第5句提到“新的理论是科学创造追求的目标(anewtheoryisthegoalandendresult),数据是支持新理论的手段。”由此可知,该选项只体现了其中的一方,并且不是两者之间的区别,属于以偏概全;

C选项“它们用不同的方式尝试扩展已被接受的传统形式”,原文第1段第7句提到“艺术创造的目标是现象本身(thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproduct),为此会延伸和开发原有的形式。”由此可知,该选项只体现了其中的一方,并且不是两者之间的区别,属于以偏概全;

D选项“它们用不同的组织原则来创作新作品”,原文第1段第2句提到“高度创造性的活动超越了现有形式的限制,并建立了新的组织原则(establishesanewprincipleoforganization)”,但原文并没有说创造性艺术和科学的区别在于组织原则不同,该选项属于过度推理。

第2题:【选项释义】

WhydoestheauthorsuggestthattheworkofBeethovenwas,highlycreative?为什么作者认为贝多芬的作品很有创造力?

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.A.因为他试图成为那个时代唯一一个挑战公认音乐传统的作曲家。

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.B.因为他在工作中采用了新的组织原则,运用了创新的策略。

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.C.因为他创造性地运用了公认的音乐创作规则和形式。

D.Becausehesynthesizedatransitionbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.D.因为他形成了新旧音乐形式之间的过渡。

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Beethoven定位到原文第2段最后三句话。倒数第一句提到“他是一位无与伦比的战略家,他从……等前辈那里继承了规则(rules)、形式(forms)和惯例(conventions),并以惊人的原创方式(originalways)加以利用。”由此可知,作者认为贝多芬作品的创造力来自对规则、形式和惯例的创造性继承,C选项“因为他创造性地运用了公认的音乐创作规则和形式”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“因为他试图成为那个时代唯一挑战公认音乐传统的作曲家”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“因为他在工作中采用了新的组织原则,运用了创新的策略”可定位到原文第2段倒数第2句,该句提到“贝多芬的作品并没有推翻任何基本的规则(overturnednofundamentalrules)。”由此可知,该选项表述错误;

D选项“因为他形成了新旧音乐形式之间的过渡”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat____.这篇文章暗示,在科学上的原创贡献是____。

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientistsA.一种在其他科学家的作品中经常被引用的贡献

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdataB.一种很谨慎不对数据的使用做出价值判断的贡献

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalistsC.一种受到所有杰出的实验家的赞扬的贡献

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralizationD.一种生成新颖并且有充分根据的概括表达的贡献

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词anoriginalcontributioninscience定位到原文第1段第5句,该句提到“对于科学来说,新理论(anewtheory)是创造行为的目标和最终结果。”由此可知,科学创新就是要建立新的理论。另外,第1段第7句提到“像一颗灿烂的钻石或一只筑巢的鸟这样的现象,被降级为数据的角色,作为形成或检验新理论的手段(servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory)。”由此可知,新的理论形成之前会通过现象数据的检验。综上,D选项“一种生成新颖且有充分根据的概括表达的贡献”表述正确,一种新的概括表达就是指一种新的理论。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“一种在其他科学家的作品中经常被引用的贡献”,原文并未提及“被引用”,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“一种很谨慎不对数据的使用做出价值判断的贡献”,原文只是提到某些现象作为数据用来检验新的理论,并没有提及“数据的价值判断”,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“一种受到所有杰出的实验家的赞扬的贡献”,原文并未提及“杰出的实验家的赞扬”,该选项属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?下面哪个选项最有可能跟在文章的最后一句话后面?

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmoderncomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.A.以类似的方式,一些现代作曲家成功地建立了音乐传统。

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.B.同样地,后来的作曲家们也运用了已被接受的音乐形式。

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmoderncomposerslikeBelaBertokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.C.然而,与贝多芬不同的是,即使是像贝拉•贝尔托克这样伟大的现代作曲家也没有试图改变公认的音乐传统。

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.D.音乐学家正在继续研究作曲家的创作风格,以确定他们的贡献是否具有创新性。

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thefinalsentence定位到原文最后一句,该句提到“相反,他(贝多芬)是一位无与伦比的战略家,他从海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫等前辈那里继承了规则、形式和惯例,并以惊人的原创方式加以利用。”由此可知,该句讲的是贝多芬音乐的创造性。本题询问的是这一句话的后面可能会跟哪一句话,先分析一下本段的行文逻辑。本段的结构是“总分式”主要分三部分:第一部分,前两句,总述“并不是否认艺术领域的创造性会建立新的组织原则,只是笼统地说,是否确立了新的原则(anewprinciple),与其美学价值无关(hasnobearingonitsaestheticworth)”;第二部分,介绍体现了“新的组织原则的作品”;第三部分,用莫扎特和贝多芬的例子,介绍虽然没有创造新的组织原则,但体现了美学价值的作品。根据原文的行文逻辑判断,接在最后一句话后的语句应也是介绍没有创造新的组织原则,但体现了美学价值的作品,因此,B选项“同样地,后来的作曲家们也运用了已被接受的音乐形式”符合原文行文逻辑。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“以类似的方式,一些现代作曲家成功地建立了音乐传统”,“建立新的音乐传统”即建立新的组织原则,是最后一段第二部分的内容,接在第三部分之后不合适;

C选项“然而,与贝多芬不同的是,即使是像贝拉•贝尔托克这样伟大的现代作曲家也没有试图改变公认的音乐传统。”原文没有体现接下来的内容会转折的暗示,该选项没有B选项符合原文行文逻辑;

D选项“音乐学家正在继续研究作曲家的创作风格,以确定他们的贡献是否具有创新性”,原文第1段就指出了“艺术创造的目标是现象本身(thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproduct)”,由此可知,作者认为他们的作品是有艺术创新性的。该选项表述不符合作者在本文中的观点。

11.单选题

Wemustlearntomeetmisfortunegracefully.

问题1选项

A.adversity

B.famine

C.enormity

D.nuance

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.adversity逆境;不幸B.famine饥荒

C.enormity巨大;暴行D.nuance细微差别

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意:我们必须学会优雅地面对不幸。划线词misfortune意为“厄运;不幸”。因此A选项与之意思相近,选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】我们必须学会优雅地面对不幸。

12.单选题

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary()thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

问题1选项

A.issue

B.printing

C.magazine

D.copy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:issue“(报刊或杂志)期刊”;B:printing“印刷;印刷术”;C:magazine“杂志”;D:copy“一份;复制品”。句意:非常高兴拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载有关约翰逊教授致编辑的信。结合此处语义,A为正确答案。

13.单选题

Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe_______totouristspending?

问题1选项

A.attributed

B.applied

C.contributed

D.attached

【答案】A

【解析】attributed把...归于,归属;applied应用,实施;contributed贡献,有助于...;attached附加,伴随。句意:在旅游胜地或附近的商店的销售额中,有多大比例可以归因于游客的消费?选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Thericeandcottonfieldsarebesetwithswarmsofpestslikericehopperandpinkbollworm.

问题1选项

A.invested

B.infested

C.infected

D.injected

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。Beset表示“困扰,围绕”;A项invest“投资,覆盖”,B项infest“大批滋生”,C项infect“感染”,D项inject“注入,注射”。句意:稻田和棉田被成群的害虫所包围,如稻虱和粉虱。因此B项正确。

15.单选题

Microwavesareatypeofelectromagneticradiation;theyareaverymildformofelectricalormagneticwavethatmovesthroughspace.UnlikeX-raysandgammarays,whichareverypowerfulraysofradiation,microwavesareratherweakandaremuchmorelikethewavesofradiationusedinradiobroadcasting.

Inmicrowaveovens,theuseofmicrowaveswithwhichmostpeoplearefamiliar,thewavesareproducedbyanelectronictubecalledamagnetron.Microwavesproducebeatinanyfoodplacedinsidetheovenbycausingthewaterinthefoodtovibraterapidlyandthusheatup.Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.

Microwavesdonotpassthroughmetalssothemicrowavesareretainedwithintheoven.Microwavespassimmediatelythroughglass,paper,andplasticwithnoeffectonthesematerialsoronthemicrowaves;nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.Sometimesapartorcontainerisheatedbecauseitistouchingthehotfood,though;someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.

Actually,weknowverylittleabouthowmicrowaveradiationmightaffecthumanbeings.Obviously,ifmicrowavescancookaroastbyexcitingthewatermoleculesinthemeatstheycoulddothesamethingtohumanflesh.Humanbeingcouldbeburnedbyprolongedexposuretohighlevelsofmicrowaves.Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.

Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.Someexperimentshavebeenperformedonanimals,buttheresultsareverydifficulttointerpret.Astheeyesareparticularlysensitive,rabbitsexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveswerecheckedforthegrowthofcataracts,andnonewerefound.Ontheotherhand,someanimalsseemabletosensemicrowaveradiationandtrytoescapefromitimmediately.Inothers,microwaveradiationcausesthebodytoreactasifdefendingitselfagainstdecease.Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful,thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageistodiscuss().

2.Microwavesare().

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat().

4.Theauthor’stoneis().

5.Asusedinthe3rdparagraphofthispassage,theword“documented"means().

问题1选项

A.thebeneficialuseofmicrowaves

B.theharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

C.themodernmethodsofcooking

D.theuseandpossibleharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

问题2选项

A.absolutelysafeatlowlevels

B.veryefficientforcooking

C.cancer-causinginpeoplewithweakeyes

D.completelyunderstoodbyScientists

问题3选项

A.theheatcreatedinmicrowaveovensisverydifficulttocontrol

B.foodtastesbetterwhencookedinamicrowaveoven

C.foodcookedinmicrowaveovensisprobablymorenutritiousthanfoodcookedinmoreconventionalways

D.mostresearchontheeffectsofmicrowavesonhumanbeingshasbeenrestrictedtothestudyoflowlevelmicrowaveradiation

问题4选项

A.objective

B.sarcastic

C.negative

D.skeptical

问题5选项

A.numbered

B.recorded

C.legal

D.believable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了微波的特点,第二三段讲述了微波的用途,最后分析了微波可能对人体造成的伤害。故D项“微波的用途及可能造成的影响”正确。ABC三项均比较片面。

2.推理判断题。由第三段“nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.除了食物本身,微波炉里的任何东西都不会被加热,因此烹饪过程比传统的烤箱更有效率。可知B项正确。由Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful,thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.这些反应使一些科学家认为微波辐射是有害的,尽管是以一些尚未被发现的方式。可知A项错误。Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.目前还没有对暴露在低水平微波辐射下的人进行研究。可知C项错误。

3.推理判断题。第四段Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.但科学家们更关心的是低水平微波照射的影响,比如微波炉泄漏可能造成的影响。与D项“微波对人体影响的研究大多局限于对低水平微波辐射的研究”同义。AB两项文中没有提及;C项“用微波炉烹饪的食物可能比用传统方法烹饪的食物更有营养”是对原文“Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.含有更多水分的食物烹饪时间更短,在微波炉中烹饪时可能会保留更多的营养成分。”的曲解。

4.观点态度题。本文前半部分提到了微波给人们的生活带来了便利,可以快速地加热食物,后半部分提到了科学家对微波是否会对人体造成伤害进行了讨论,全文没有涉及主观性色彩的内容,所以作者的态度是客观的,故A项正确。

5.词义题。Someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.一些使用微波炉的人被热的食物、热锅或从食物中逸出的蒸汽烧伤。没有记录在案的微波炉辐射灼伤案例。联系上文可以推断documented为记录的。

16.单选题

Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.Innearlyeverylanguage,howeverthewordsarephrased,themostbasicdivisionincinemahistoryliesbetweenfilmsthataremuteandfilmsthatspeak.

Yetthismostfundamentalstandardofhistoricalperiodizationconcealsahostofparadoxes.Nearlyeverymovietheater,howevermodest,hadapianoororgantoprovidemusicalaccompanimenttosilentpictures.Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InBerlin,forthepremiereperformanceoutsidetheSovietUnionofTheBattleshipPotemkin,filmdirectorSergeiEisensteinworkedwithAustriancomposerEdmundMeisel(1874-1930)onamusicalscorematchingsoundtoimage;theBerlinscreeningswithlivemusichelpedtobringthefilmitswideinternationalfame.

Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.Newcolorprocesses,largerordifferentlyshapedscreensizes,multiple-screenprojections,eventelevision,wereamongthedevelopmentsinventedortriedoutduringtheperiod,sometimeswithstartlingsuccess.Thehighcostsofconvertingtosoundandtheearlylimitationsofsoundtechnologywereamongthefactorsthatsuppressedinnovationsorretardedadvancementintheseotherareas.Theintroductionofnewscreenformatswasputoffforaquartercentury,andcolor,thoughutilizedoverthenexttwodecadesforspecialproductions,alsodidnotbecomeanormuntilthe1950s.

Thoughitmaybedifficulttoimaginefromalaterperspective,astrainofcriticalopinioninthe1920spredictedthatsoundfilmwouldbeatechnicalnoveltythatwouldsoonfadefromsight,justashadmanypreviousattempts,datingwellbackbeforetheFirstWorldWar,tolinkimageswithrecordedsound.Thesecriticsweremakingacommonassumption—thatthetechnologicalinadequaciesofearlierefforts(poorsynchronization,weaksoundamplification,fragilesoundrecordings)wouldinvariablyoccuragain.Tobesure,theirevaluationofthetechnicalflawsin1920ssoundexperimentswasnotsofaroffthemark,yettheyneglectedtotakeintoaccountimportantnewforcesinthemotionpicturefieldthat,inasense,wouldnottakenoforananswer.

Theseforcesweretherapidlyexpandingelectronicsandtelecommunicationscompaniesthatweredevelopingandlinkingtelephoneandwirelesstechnologiesinthe1920s.IntheUnitedStates,theyincludedsuchfirmsasAmericanTelephoneandTelegraph,GeneralElectric,andWestinghouse.Theywereinterestedinallformsofsoundtechnologyandallpotentialrevenuesforcommercialexploitation.TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.Withfinancialassetsconsiderablygreaterthanthoseinthemotionpictureindustry,andperhapsawidervisionoftherelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.

In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive,andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms).Thetriumphofsoundcinemawasswift,complete,andenormouslypopular.

46.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisthemostsignificantdevelopmentinthehistoryoffilm?

47.Whydoestheauthormention“Japanesebenshi”and“originalmusicalcompositions”?

48.Theunderlinedword“overshadowed”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

49.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthedelayintheconversiontosoundfilmsinEurope?

问题1选项

A.Thetechnologicalinnovationofsoundfilmduringthe1920’s.

B.Theinventionofamethodfordeliveringmoviestopeople’shome.

C.Thedevelopmentofatechnologyfortranslatingfilmsintootherlanguages.

D.Thetechnologicalimprovementsallowingclearerimagesinfilms.

问题2选项

A.Tosuggestthataudiencespreferredotherformsofentertainmenttofilmbeforethetransitiontosoundinthe1920’s.

B.Toprovideexamplesofsomeofthefirstsoundsthatwererecordedforfilm.

C.Toindicatesomewaysinwhichsoundaccompaniedfilmbeforetheinnovationofsoundinthelate1920’s.

D.Toshowhowtheuseofsoundinfilmschangedduringdifferenthistoricalperiods.

问题3选项

A.distractedfrom

B.explained

C.conducted

D.coordinatedwith

问题4选项

A.Europeanproducersoftenlackedknowledgeaboutthenecessaryequipmentforthetransitiontosoundfilms.

B.SmallerEuropeanproducerswereoftenunabletoaffordtoaddsoundtotheirfilms.

C.Itwasoftendifficulttowireoldercinemasinthemajorcitiestoplaysoundfilms.

D.SmallerEuropeanproducersbelievedthatsilentfilmswithmusicaccompanimentwereaestheticallysuperiortosoundfilms.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】46.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段,下面哪个是电影史上最重要的发展?”。根据第一段第一句Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendoft

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