考研考博-英语-上海纽约大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海纽约大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry-from82to110millionbetween1973and1985-thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyno-blue-collarjobs.

Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionoftheharborforceinmanufacturingthandevolvedcountriesnowemployinfarming-atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.

Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymoreone-thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.

Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesamesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitiveoreventoremain"developed”.Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.

ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreitthattheUnitedStatesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofman-hoursrequiredtoproduceamotorbysome80percentintwoorthreeyearsfarmorethananyoneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleteprioritization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganew,sharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachines—thatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,incoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertoremaincompetitive,oughtto（

）.

3.Americanpoliticiansandlaborleaderstendtodislike（

）.

4.Theword"prescription"in’’aprescriptionforunemployment"maybetheequivalentto（

）.

5.Thispassagemayhavebeenexceptedfrom（

）.

问题1选项

A.thedegreetowhichacountry'sproductionisrobotized

B.areductioninacountry’smanufacturingindustries

C.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagement

D.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry

问题2选项

A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collarworkforce

B.preserveblue-collarjobsforinternationalcompetition

C.acceleratemotor-carmanufacturinginHenryFord’sstyle

D.solvetheproblemofunemployment

问题3选项

A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomy

B.anincreaseinblue-collarworkforce

C.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproduction

D.adropintheblue-collarjobopportunities

问题4选项

A.somethingrecommendedasmedicaltreatment

B.awaysuggestedtoovercomesomberdifficulty

C.somemeasurestakeninadvance

D.adevicetodire

问题5选项

A.amagazineaboutcapitalinvestment

B.anarticleonautomation

C.amotor-carmagazine

D.anarticleonglobaleconomy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章提出诸如美国、日本等发达国家，由于生产的进步自动化的加强，生产行业雇佣蓝领工人的数量大大降低。所以A选项‘一个国家生产的自动化程度‘符合题意。

2.根据文章第四段Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesamesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitiveoreventoremain"developed”.如果一个公司、一个行业或一个国家在未来25年里不大幅提高制造业产量，同时大幅削减蓝领劳动力，就不可能保持竞争力，甚至不可能保持“发达”。可知，为了保持竞争力，在增加产量的同时，必须减少蓝领的数量。A选项符合题意。

3.先看选项，B、D选项相反，肯定一对一错，所以排除A、C。根据文章第四段最后一句和最后一段第一句Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.试图保住这样的蓝领工作实际上是为失业开出的药方。这不是一个美国政客、劳工领袖或公众能够轻易理解或接受的结论。文中清楚表明，保持蓝领劳动力工作机会是破除失业的良药，政治和工会领导都不希望蓝领劳动力失去工作机会。确定D选项‘蓝领工作机会的减少‘符合题意。

4.prescription本意为‘处方药’，由上题可知，在文中意思为‘破除失业的具体措施’，所以C选项正确。

5.根据全文可知，文章是属于经济政治的一部分，D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

ItishardtoimaginehowManhattan,boughtfromaNativeAmericantribeforsolittle,（

）vibrantfinancialcommunityinAmerica.

问题1选项

A.couldbecomethemost

B.becomesthemost

C.tobecome

D.oneofthemostassuming

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配题。固定句型Itishardtoimaginehowsb./sth.coulddosth.表示“很难想象某人/某物是怎么做到……”，A选项正确。

3.单选题

Despiteatendencytobeovertly（

）,thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.

问题1选项

A.diverting

B.whimsical

C.didactic

D.deceitful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。diverting有趣的，令人快乐的；whimsical古怪的，异想天开的；didactic说教的，教诲的；deceitful欺诈的。句意：尽管趋势是明显的说教，但是中世纪的诗歌经常激发人们想象力，提供生动的乐趣以及虔诚的感情。由despite及下文可知空格处所填的单词与后文意思相反。

4.单选题

Tworelatedparadoxesalsoemergefromthesamebasicconceptionoftheaestheticexperience.ThefirstwasgivenextendedconsiderationbyHegel,whoarguedroughlyasfollows:oursensuousattentionandthatgivestotheworkofartitspeculiarindividuality.Becauseitaddressesitselftooursensoryappreciation,theworkofartisessentiallyconcrete,tobeunderstoodbyanactofperceptionratherthanbyaprocessofdiscursivethought.

Atthesametime,ourunderstandingoftheworkofartisinpartintellectual;weseekinitaconceptualcontentwhichitpresentstousintheformofanidea.Onepurposeofcriticalinterpretationistoexpoundthisideaindiscursiveform—togivetheequivalentofthecontentoftheworkofartinanother.Butcriticismcanneversucceedinthistask,for,byseparatingthecontentfromtheparticularform,itabolishesitsindividuality.Thecontentpresentedthenceasestobetheexactcontentofthatworkofart.Inlosingitsindividuality,thecontentlosesitsaestheticrealtyitthusceasestobeareasonforattendingtotheparticularworkandthatfirstattractedourcriticalattention.Itcannotbethisthatwesawintheoriginalworkandthatexplaineditspoweroverus.

Forthiscontent:displayedinthediscursiveidiomofthecriticalintellect,isnomorethanahusk,adiscardedrelicofameaningthateludedusintheactofseizingit.Ifthecontentisrobethetrueobjectofaestheticinterestitmustremainweddedtoitsindividuality:itcannotbedetachedfromits“sensuousembodiment”withoutbeingdetachedfromitself.Contentis,therefore,inseparablefromformandforminturninseparablefromcontent.(Itistheformthatitisonlybyvirtueofthecontentthatitembodies.)

Hegel'sargumentisthearchetypeofmany,allaimedatshowingthatitisbothnecessarytodistinguishformfromcontentandalsoimpossibletodoso.Thisparadoxmayberesolvedbyrejectingeitherofitspremises:but,aswithKant’santinomy,neitherpremiseseemsdispensable.Tosupposethatcontentandformareinseparableis,ineffect,todismissbothideasasillusory,sincenotwoworksofancanthenshareeitheracontentoraform-the.formbeingdefinitiveofeach’work’sindividuality.

Inthiscase,noonecouldeverjustifyhisinterestinaworkofartbyreferencetoitsmeaning.

Theintensityofaestheticinterestbecomesapuzzling,andultimatelyinexplicable,featureofourmentallifeifontheotherhandweinsistthatcontentandformareseparable,weshallneverbeabletofind,throughastudyofcontent,thereasonforattendingtotheparticular"work-ofartthatintriguesus.Everyworkofartstandsproxyforitsparaphrase.Animpassablegapthenopensbetweenaestheticexperienceanditsground,andtheclaimthataestheticexperienceisintrinsicallyvaluableisthrownindoubt.

1.Hegelarguedthat（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTwhatHegelbelieved?

4.Premisesthatarerelatedtoeachotherseemstobedispensablebecause

（

）.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.itisoursensuousappreciationthatgivespeculiarindividualitytotheworkofart

B.itisthecontentoftheworkofartthatholdsourattention

C.theworkofartcannotbeunderstoodwithoutaprocessoflogicalthinking

D.Theformoftheworkofartiswhatoursensuousappreciationconcentrateson

问题2选项

A.theparadoxthatitisbothnecessarytodistinguishformcontentandalsoimpossibletodosocannotberesolvedbyrejectingitspremises

B.bothcontentandformoftheworkofartareillusory

C.thecometandform,oftheworkofartareseparable

D.aestheticexperienceisnotintrinsicallyvaluable

问题3选项

A.Thecontentandformoftheworkofartcannotbeseparatedfromeachother.

B.Thecontentoftheworkofartisalwaysthetrueobjectsofaestheticinterest.

C.Thecontentpresentedwithoutany'individualityisnotmecontentoftheworkofan.

D.Thecontentunderstoodbymeansofaprocessofdiscursivethoughtisnomorethanahusk.

问题4选项

A.Kantthinkstheyareindispensable

B.eitherofthemcanresolvetheparadox

C.thepremisesareseparated

D.thepremisescanaccountforthetheory

问题5选项

A.thesensuousappreciationofart

B.thebasicconceptionoftheaestheticexperience

C.howtoappreciatetheworkofart

D.therelationshipbetweenformandcontentoftheworkofan

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句Becauseitaddressesitselftooursensoryappreciation,theworkofartisessentiallyconcrete,tobeunderstoodbyanactofperceptionratherthanbyaprocessofdiscursivethought可知选项D符合题意。

2.文章第四段but,aswithKant’santinomy,neitherpremiseseemsdispensable提到康德认为对两个前提中的一个予以否定是不可能的，选项A与之相符。

3.文章第二段Onepurposeofcriticalinterpretationistoexpoundthisideaindiscursiveform—togivetheequivalentofthecontentoftheworkofartinanother.Butcriticismcanneversucceedinthistask提到人们试图对艺术品找到一个实在东西表达其含义，但是没有成功，所以选项B的描述是错误的，符合题意。

4.文章第四段提到Thisparadoxmayberesolvedbyrejectingeitherofitspremises:but,aswithKant’santinomy,neitherpremiseseemsdispensable提到这两个前提（premise）对解决这个自相矛盾（paradox）并没有用，所以他们是可有可无的。选项B符合题意。

5.文章主要讲述了黑格尔对艺术的内容和形式之间的关系的看法，所以选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Thenationalityoftheminoritygroupsinthatcountryisstill（）.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atissue

C.atrisk

D.atleisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。atlarge“详尽的”；atissue“争议中的”；atrisk“处于危险中”；atleisure“从容地”。句意：在那个国家，少数民族的国籍问题仍然______。根据句意可知选项B符合题意。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

人皆生而为新，为前所未有之所存在：人皆生而能赢。人皆有其特立独行之方式去审视，聆听，触摸，品味及思考，因而都具备独特潜质，能力和局限。人皆能举足轻重，富有创意，成就功业。

“成者”与“败者”含义颇多。谈及成者我们并非指的是使他人失败的人。对我们而言，成者必为人守信，值得信赖，有求必应，态度诚恳，或为个人，或为社会一员皆能以真诚回应他人。

成者敢于利用所学，独立思考，区分事实与观点，且并不佯装通晓所有答案，他们倾听，权衡他人意见，但能得出自己的结论。尽管他们尊重，敬佩他们，但并不为他们所局限，所束缚，也不对他人敬若神灵。

【答案】Eachhumanbeingisbornassomethingnew,somethingthatneverexistedbefore.Eachisbornwiththecapacitytowinatlife.Eachpersonhasauniquewayofseeing,hearing,touching,tastingandthinking.Eachhashisorherownuniquepotentials,capabilitiesandlimitations.Eachcanbeasignificantandcreativebeing,aswellasbeawinner.

Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers;evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

7.翻译题

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.纵观美国历史，几乎总是至少会有一个经济中心的故事，让雄心勃勃或不满足的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找机遇。在欧洲人定居的前300年左右，这种故事是关于人口向外迁移的：让移民先到大陆，然后再到边疆开辟草原，排干湿地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果没有新的土地可以征服，这个精力充沛、富有进取精神的国家将会怎样？有些人，比如泰迪•罗斯福，决定继续征服(古巴、菲律宾等地)，但最终，在工业化的进程中，美国在国内发现了一个新的关于经济流动的故事。

3.而且这些行业的规模足够大，可以为各个阶层的工人提供工作，从非技术工人到经理或工程师。但是今天，我们经济中为数不多的亮点相对较小(尽管一些亮点未来可能会增长)，而且是分散管理的。

4.顺便说一下，你不需要成为下一个Facebook的创始人马克•扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微软中心找到一份工作。但几乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要计算机科学学士学位或在技术学校待过一两年。这个新兴的择业市场是全国性的，它为流动阶层的成员提供了有竞争力的薪资和更高的议价权力。

5.他称，尽管那些顶尖大学的毕业生不论他们学的专业是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名学校的毕业生将会根据他们所学的知识来接受评判。为了在全国范围内竞争工作岗位，他们应该具备新兴产业所需要的技能，无论是技术性的还是非技术性的。

8.单选题

Thereseemstobeno（

）thereadingpublic’sthirstforbooksaboutthe1960’s；indeed,thenormallevelofinteresthasincreasedrecentlybecauseofaspateofpopulartelevisiondocumentaries.

问题1选项

A.slaking

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。slaking消散，消化；reference参考，提及；decoration装饰；soporific催眠剂。句意：阅读群众对20世纪60年代的书籍的渴望并没有减少；事实上，由于受一连串的通俗电视纪录片的影响，普遍的兴趣还增加了。根据句意及前后关系可知A项正确。

9.单选题

Thediseasewaskeptundercontrol（）earlydiagnosisandtreatment.

问题1选项

A.forvirtueof

B.onvirtuewith

C.byvirtueof

D.invirtuewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四个选项中，只有C项byvirtueof是固定搭配，表示“由于，凭借”。句意：由于早期诊断和治疗，这个疾病得到了控制。因此C项符合句意。

10.单选题

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。delightful“可爱的；令人愉快的”；graceful“优雅的”；resentful“气愤的；厌恶的”；respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世纪六十年早期搬到了纽约，明显是为了逃离那些对她的成功嫉恨的朋友。选项C符合题意。

11.翻译题

吴歌是中国吴语地区民歌民谣的总称。吴语地区包括江苏南部、浙江北部和上海市，大致是指长江下游的三角洲地区。这里是同一种方言的文化圈，同属传统吴文化范畴。“吴”的概念随着历代区域划分而有所变化，如早期的“吴”指的是吴国领域，后来在曾包括现在的南京和扬州等地，现在所说的“吴”是地域和方言区划的概念。苏州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享誉古今中外的历史文化名称，历史上采集吴歌，也以它为中心，在中国文学史上占有一定地位。

【答案】WuSongisthegeneralnametitleoffolksonginWulanguageareaofChina.WulanguageareaincludessouthernJiangsu,NorthernZhejiangandShanghai,referringtothedeltaareaofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.ThisisaculturalcircleofthesamedialectbelongingtotraditionalculturalofWuareas.Theconceptof“Wu”haschangedwiththehistoricalregionaldivision,forexample,“Wu”inearlytimereferstoWuarea,lateritincludedsomepresentplaces,suchasNanjingandYangzhou.“Wu”conrrentlyisaconceptofdivisionofregionanddialect.Suzhouexactlyisinthecenterofit,whichisahistoricalculturaltitlefamedas“paradise”.ItwasalsothecenterofWuSongcollectionandoccupieditspositioninthehistoryofliterature.

12.单选题

Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,whileothers（）atartorvolleyball.

问题1选项

A.work

B.excel

C.aim

D.gaze

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项workat“从事于，致力于”；B选项excelat“突出，擅长于”；C选项aimat“目的在于”；D选项gazeat“盯住，凝视”。根据句意可知，填空处填入的词应和at搭配，并且和goodat意思相近。句意“为什么有些人擅长数学，而有些人擅长艺术或排球?”选项B符合语境。

13.单选题

The______ofConfuciusbuiltthetempleinmemoryoftheirancestor.

问题1选项

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.correspondents

D.opponents

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项descendants“后代，晚辈”；B选项predecessors“前任；前一代”；C选项correspondents“通讯员”；D选项opponents“对手”。句意：孔子的______建造这座庙来纪念他们的祖先。根据语境，在这里孔子的后代纪念孔子比较合理，A选项descendants“后代，晚辈”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Hishumorousremark（

）thetensionatthemeeting.

问题1选项

A.released

B.replaced

C.relieved

D.retained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他幽默的言辞缓和了会议上的紧张气氛。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Release释放,放出,发泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve缓和,解除,减轻;retain保持。由关键词thetension(紧张局势)可知C符合句意。

15.单选题

Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的”；B选项tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；C选项vulnerable“易受攻击的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言无处不在，它散布恐怖情绪，损害声誉，把稳定的局面搅得混乱不堪。所选形容词应与句中calm相对应，所以本题A选项符合句意。

16.单选题

Becauseoffather’spoorcircumstances,myuncle（）myeducation.

问题1选项

A.finances

B.maintains

C.supplies

D.affords

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项finances“负担经费，供给……经费”；B选项maintains“维持，保持”；C选项supplies“供应，提供”；D选项affords“买得起，提供”。句意：由于父亲的贫苦处境，我叔叔（）了我的教育。可以看出因为父亲的条件不好，所以是叔叔“资助了我的学习”，因此A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

（）ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

问题1选项

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项Manufactures“产品”；B选项Yields“生产量，收益”；C选项Creating“创造”；D选项Receiving“接受”。句意：如果美元真的要稳定下来，超过5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根据逻辑，前半句讲到要稳定下来，那么之后说的应该也是“收益率”，因此B选项符合题意。

18.单选题

AmericanandChineseculturesare（1）insomeways.AnAmericanhostess,（2）forherculinary(烹调)skill,islikelytosay,“Oh,I’msogladyoulikedit.Icookeditespeciallyforyou.”NotsoaChinesehostess,whowillinstead（3）forgivingyounothingevenslightly（4）andfornotshowingyouenoughhonor（5）providingproperdishes.

Thesamerulesholdtrue（6）children.Americanparentsspeakproudlyoftheirchildren’sachievements,tellinghowJohnnymadetheschoolteamorJanemadethehonorroll.NotsoChineseparents,whosechildren,evenifatthetopoftheirschool,arealwaysso“naughty”,neverstudying,neverlisteningtotheirelders,andsoforth.

TheChinesetakepridein“modesty”;Americans（7）“straightforwardness”.ThismodestyhasleftmanyaChinesehungryatanAmericantable,forChinesepoliteness（8）threerefusalsbeforeoneacceptsanoffer,andAmericanhoststakea“no”tomean“non”,whetherit’sthefirst,second,orthirdtime.

Recently,amemberofadelegationsenttoChinabyalargeAmericancorporation,complainedtomeabouthowtheChinesehadaskedthemthreetimesiftheywouldbewillingtochangesomeproposal,andeachtimetheAmericanshadsaid“no”clearlyand（9）.MyfriendwasangrythattheChinesehadnottakenhiswordthefirsttime.Irecognizedtheproblemimmediatelyand（10）whytheAmericanshadnotstudieduponculturaldifferencebeforecomingtoChina.Itwouldhavesavedeveryonealotofperplexityandneedlessfrustrationintheirnegotiations.

问题1选项

A.similar

B.familiar

C.opposite

D.adverse

问题2选项

A.complimented

B.compiled

C.complemented

D.commented

问题3选项

A.praise

B.apologize

C.bedisappointed

D.besatisfied

问题4选项

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.suitable

D.edible

问题5选项

A.for

B.on

C.by

D.in

问题6选项

A.regardfor

B.regardas

C.regardlessof

D.withregardto

问题7选项

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.on

问题8选项

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsin

问题9选项

A.ambiguously

B.roughly

C.definitely

D.arbitrarily

问题10选项

A.believed

B.knew

C.cautioned

D.wondered

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:D

【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项similar“相似的”；B选项familiar“熟悉的”；C选项opposite“相反的”；D选项adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此处的意思是美国和中国的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C选项符合题意。

2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项complimented“称赞”；B选项compiled“汇编”；C选项complemented“补足”；D选项commented“评论”。此处的意思是美国的女主人被称赞厨艺不错时。因此A选项符合题意。

3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项praise“表扬”；B选项apologize“道歉”；C选项bedisappointed“失望”；D选项besatisfied“满意”。此处的意思是中国的主人会向你道歉。因此B选项符合题意。

4.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项eligible“合格的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的”；C选项suitable“适当的”；D选项edible“可食用的”。此处的意思是没什么好吃的饭菜。因此D选项符合题意。

5.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项on“在……上面”；C选项by“通过”；D选项in“在……里面”。此处的意思是没有提供适当的菜肴来表示对你的尊敬。因此C选项符合题意。

6.考查词组辨析。A选项regardfor“对……的注意”；B选项regardas“把……认作”；C选项regardlessof“不顾”；D选项withregardto“关于”。此处的意思是这样的规则在关于对待孩子的方面也有体现。因此D选项符合题意。

7.考查介词辨析。takepridein“以……为傲”。此处对应了前文的takepridein，表示美国人提倡坦率。因此A选项符合题意。

8.考查词组辨析。A选项callson“访问”；B选项callsfor“要求”；C选项callsup“召集”；D选项callsin“召来”。此处的意思是中国人的礼貌要求他们在接受什么东西之前，一定要推脱两三回。因此B选项符合题意。

9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B选项roughly“粗糙地”；C选项definitely“肯定地”；D选项arbitrarily“武断地”。此处的意思是美国人清楚而绝对地说“不”。因此C选项符合题意。

10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项believed“相信”；B选项knew“知道”；C选项cautioned“警告”；D选项wondered“想知道”。此处的意思是想知道为什么这些美国人来中国前没有提前了解一下中国不同的文化。因此D选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Thisnationhasbecomethefastest-growinggrainimportmarket,whichisdrivenbothbyrapidpopulationgrowthandbyrisingaffluence.

问题1选项

A.friction

B.bankruptcy

C.poverty

D.riches

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.friction摩擦；争执B.bankruptcy破产

C.poverty贫困D.riches财富

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】根据原文，粮食进口增加，说明花了更多的钱进口粮食，其原因是人口增加以及钱增加，只有D选项riches“财富”符合语境，原词affluence“富裕”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均与有更多的钱无关。

【句意】这个国家已经成为增长最快的粮食进口市场，这是由人口快速增长和日益富裕所驱动的。

20.单选题

Itistimethatsomeonemadehim（

）oftheeffectsofhisactions.

问题1选项

A.unconscious

B.aware

C.assured

D.thoughtful

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。unconscious“无意识的；失去知觉的”；aware“意识到的;知道的”；assured“确定的；自信的”；thoughtful“体贴的”。句意：应该有人使他意识到他的行为的影响了。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidenc