考研考博-英语-上饶职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上饶职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Earlyinthe1900s,theuseoftruckstohandcommercial（

）developedalmostsimultaneouslywiththefirstwidespreaduseoftheautomobile.

问题1选项

A.vehicles

B.equipment

C.workers

D.merchandise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。vehicle意为“车辆”；equipment意为“设备，装备”；worker意为“工人，员工”；merchandise意为“商品，货品”。

句意：20世纪初，运送商品的卡车基本上是和广泛使用的汽车一同发展的。

2.单选题

Thesceneissobeautifulthatit（

）mypowerofdescription.

问题1选项

A.ascends

B.descends

C.transcends

D.overtakes

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项ascend“攀登，上升”；B选项descend“下降”；C选项transcend“胜过，超越”；D选项overtake“赶上，压倒”。句意：这景色太美了，我无法形容。也就是超出了描述的能力，所以选项C符合句意。

3.单选题

Youarenow（）thebenefitofyourformerthrift.

问题1选项

A.reaping

B.drawing

C.enjoying

D.gaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项reaping“收获，获得；收割”；B选项drawing“画；拉；吸引”；C选项enjoying“欣赏，享受；喜爱；使过得快活”；D选项gaining“增加；利润；收获；获得；赚到”。根据固定搭配gainthebenefit“得到益处/好处”可知该题选gaining。句意：你现在正受益于你以前的节俭。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Tomwasahighly（）teacherwhotookhisdutiesseriouslybuthehadneitherthepersonalitynorabilitytoachievemuchsuccess.

问题1选项

A.conscientious

B.efficient

C.capable

D.talented

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项conscientious“认真的，尽责的”；B选项efficient“有效率的”；C选项capable“有能力的”；D选项talented“有才能的”。分析句子可知，who后面引导的定语从句修饰teacher，根填空处也应该填入一个形容词来修饰teacher，由此可知，填空处单词应与定语从句表达的意思相近，tookhisdutiesseriously指的是“尽职尽责的”，选项A与之意思最接近，所以正确。

5.翻译题

Craftymencondemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatthereisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.

【答案】有实际才干的人鄙薄书本；头脑简单的人羡慕书本；只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用，运用之道，乃在书外，且高于书本，唯有通过观察才能学到。读书时不可存心与作者辩难，不可以轻信盲从，也不可寻章摘句，作为谈资，而须权衡与琢磨。

6.单选题

Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

问题1选项

A.monitor

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。monitor“监督，监控”；manifest“显示，表明”；articulate“发音”；anticipate“预期，预计”。句意：医生预计患者不会活更长。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Thepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfiretothebuildingbuthedenied（）intheareaonthenightofthefire.

问题1选项

A.tobe

B.tohavebeen

C.havingbeen

D.be

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。Denydoingsth.“否认做过某事”。句意：警察指控他在大厦纵火，但是他否认他在场当火灾发生时。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Theuniversity（）anhonorarydoctor'sdegreeonthedistinguishedscholarwhowasgenerallyregardedasacredittohisowncountry.

问题1选项

A.donated

B.conferred

C.subscribed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:donate“捐赠”；B:confer“经批准授予（学位、称号等）”；C:subscribe“订阅”；D:grant“上级对下级的赐予或答应给什么”。句意：大学授予了这位被视为国家荣誉的卓越学者荣誉博士学位。根据句意可知B为正确答案。

9.单选题

Thereisaconspicuouslackofpublicdebateabouthowthisinsularcountryshould______therealitythatmoreimmigrantsarecomingandthatthosealreadyherearechangingJapan.

问题1选项

A.abideby

B.accountfor

C.acton

D.adjustto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项abideby“遵守”；B选项accountfor“解释；对……负责”；C选项acton“对……起作用；按照……行事”；D选项adjustto“调整以适应”。句意：对于这个与世隔绝的国家来说，应该如何_______移民越来越多涌入并且正在改变日本这一现实，明显缺乏公开讨论。根据语境，accountfor“解释；对……负责”搭配reality“现实”比较合理，意思是解释为什么越来越多移民进入日本并且改变日本的现实。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Sinceyouareastudent,youmust（）bytheschooldiscipline.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.stand

C.abide

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。conform“符合，遵守”，一般和介词to或with搭配；stand“站立”，后接介词by意为“袖手旁观”；abide“容忍，遵守”，后接介词by意为“遵守，信守，承担……的后果”；sustain“维持，支撑”，是及物动词。句中所表达的意思是学生要遵守学校的纪律，所以选项C正确。

11.单选题

Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.A1998studybyHarvardMedicalSchoolgeriatricianThomasPerlsofferstworeasons:oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.Aman’spurposeissimplytocarrygenesthatensurelongevityandpassthemontohischildren.

Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast.Butwhatisitaboutaman'slifestylethatreduceshislongevity?Asactionmoviemakersknowalltoowell,menaresuperchargedwithtestosterone.AsidefromforcingustowatchfrenziedmovieslikeTheMatrixReloaded,thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.Meanwhile,thefemalehormonechopsharmfulcholesterolandraises“good”cholesterol.

AsPerls’sstudypointsout:“Betweenages15and24,menarefourtofivetimesmorelikelytodiethanwomen.Thistimeframecoincideswiththeonsetofpubertyandanincreaseinrecklessandviolentbehaviorinmales.Researchersrefertoitasa“testosteronestorm”.Mostdeathsinthismalegroupcomefrommotorvehicleaccidents,followedbyhomicide,suicide...anddrowning.”

Whileallthisjumpingfromtallbuildingsmayresultinsomeaccidentaldeath,itstilldoesn'taccountfortheonsetoffatalillnessesatanearlierage.Statistically,menarecrippledmorequicklybyillnesseslikeheartdisease,strokeandcancer.ASingaporestudyfoundthatwhilemenwerediagnosedwithchronicillnesstwoyearsearlierthanwomen,womenwerealsodisabledbytheirillnessesfouryearslater.Menmoreoftenengageinriskierhabitslikedrinkingalcoholandusingrecreationaldrugs,aswellaseatingtoexcess.Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit'strue.

Ifyourgoalistobecomethefirst100-year-oldmanonyourfamilytree,therearesomethingsyoucandotoboostyourodds.Oneistoexaminewhatcentenariansaredoingright.AccordingtotheongoingNewEnglandCentenarianStudy,thelargestcomprehensivestudyofcentenariansintheworld,theycanfendofforevenescapeage-associateddiseaseslikeheartattack,stroke,cancer,diabetesandAlzheimer's.Ninetypercentofthosestudiedwerefunctionallyindependentforthevastmajorityoftheirlivesupuntiltheageof92,and75%werejustasautonomousatanaverageageof95.“Centenariansdisprovetheperceptionthat‘theolderyouget,thesickeryouget.’Centenariansteachusthattheolderyouget,thehealthieryou’vebeen.”

1.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.

2.AccordingtoThomasPerls,whichofthefollowingisamajorfactorcontributingtotherelativelongevityofwomenovermen?

3.Theauthormentions“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”to______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,testosteroneisahormonethat______.

5.Comparedwithwomen,menasawhole______.

问题1选项

A.whywomenleadahealthierlifethanmen

B.howwomencanlivelongerandstayhealthy

C.whatkeepsmenfromenjoyingalongerlifespan

D.whethermen'slifestyleleadstotheirearlydeath

问题2选项

A.Theirnaturalurgetoremainhealthy

B.Theirgreaternaturaldrivetopassongenes

C.Theirneedtobearhealthyoffspring

D.Theirdesiretohavemorechildren

问题3选项

A.supporttheargumentaboutwomen'sroleinrearingchildren

B.summarizeapossiblecauseofdifferentlifeexpectancies

C.challengethetheoryaboutourancestors'behaviorpatterns

D.illustratethehistoryofhumanevolutionprocess

问题4选项

A.increasesasmengrowolder

B.reducesriskfactorsinmalebehavior

C.leadstoaggressivebehaviorandheartdisease

D.accountsforwomen’sdislikeforviolentfilms

问题5选项

A.sufferfromdepressionmoreoften

B.sufferfromdiseaseslaterthanwomen

C.arereluctanttohavephysicalcheckups

D.arenotaffectedbyviolentmovies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句“Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.”中文翻译为：女人仍然比男人活得长，这是一个有据可查的事实。A选项“为什么女性比男性生活得更健康。”文章中虽提及，但并不是文章的主要内容。C选项“是什么让男人不能享受更长的寿命呢。”在文章的第二段有所体现，但这篇文章不能简单地概括为“男人不能享受更长的寿命。”D选项的意思跟C选项大体一致，也可排除。由此可知B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字“ThomasPerls”可以定位到原文第一段“oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.”中文翻译为：一个是遗传基因的进化动力；另一个是需要保持足够的健康来抚养尽可能多的孩子。因此可知B选项“她们天生就有传递基因的动力”符合题意。

3.作者意图题。由题干关键句“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”可定位到原文第二段“Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”，中文翻译为：好吧，这就是过去穴居人留下的遗产。根据后文转折，可以得知C选项“挑战关于我们祖先行为模式的理论”为正确答案。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.”，中文翻译为：测试产生的荷尔蒙还会引发更危险的行为和攻击性，增加有害胆固醇的水平，增加患心脏病或中风的风险。可知C选项“导致攻击性行为和心脏病”正确。

5.细节事实题。通过题干可以定位到第四段最后一句“Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit’true.”中文大意：还有关于男人不喜欢经常看医生的刻板印象?研究表明这是真的。由此可知C选项“与女性相比，男性总体上不愿意做身体检查”正确。

12.单选题

Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone’slifeonthebattlefieldis（

）.

问题1选项

A.glorious

B.futile

C.heroic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多年轻人认为战争是愚蠢且没有必要的。对于他们来说，在战场上丢掉性命是徒劳的。glorious“光荣的”；futile“无用的”；heroic“英雄的”；courageous“有勇气的”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Iampreparedtomakesome（）onminordetails,butIcannotcompromiseonfundamentals.

问题1选项

A.confession

B.concession

C.concord

D.consent

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。confession“忏悔；告解”；concession“让步；特许（权）”；concord“和谐；和睦；一致”；consent“准许；同意”。句意：在一些细节上我准备做出一些______，但是在原则上我不会妥协。根据句意可知选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（

）populatedareas.

问题1选项

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】densely浓密地，密集地；intensely强烈地，紧张地，热情地；abundantly丰富地，大量地；highly高度地；非常。句意：人们普遍认为住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

ForperplexedpolicymakersinWashington,theymeantscramblingfromonepolicytoanotherinanefforttorespondtoahighlyconfusingeconomicsituation.

问题1选项

A.disturbed

B.puzzled

C.irritated

D.enchanted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.disturbed有精神病的，心理不正常的B.puzzled困惑的，迷惑不解的

C.irritated烦恼的，恼怒的D.enchanted中魔法的，着了魔的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】perplexed的意思为“困惑的，迷惑不解的”，修饰policymakers，指的是这些制定政策的人很困惑，自己也没搞清楚状况，puzzled与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】对于华盛顿困惑的决策者来说，这意味着匆忙地从一项政策转向另一项政策，以应对高度混乱的经济形势。

16.单选题

“Youtrytogetsomesleep.I'll（）thepatientsbreakfast,”saidthenurse.

问题1选项

A.seeto

B.stickto

C.getto

D.leadto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。seeto“注意，负责”；stickto“坚持”；getto“到达”；leadto“导致，通向”。句意：这位护士说：“你去睡一会吧，我会负责病人的早餐的”。A项符合题意。

17.单选题

Robertsaysheboughtthesebooksina.

问题1选项

A.disposal

B.bargain

C.reduction

D.sale

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disposaln.处理，支配；B选项bargainn.交易，便宜货，契约；C选项reductionn.减少，下降；D选项salen.销售，出售，拍卖，廉价出售。根据句意可知，Robert说这些书都是打折时候买的。因此，D项是正确答案。

18.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtomake（

）fortheelderlypeopleinahousingprogram.

问题1选项

A.provision

B.admittance

C.assistance

D.condition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。provision“准备，规定，条款”；admittance“进入，入场权，通道”；assistance“帮助，援助”；condition“条件，情况，环境”。makeprovisionfor“为将来需要、困难做准备”。句意：当地政府计划在住房项目上给老年人提供帮助。A项符合题意。

19.填空题

Myflatis（1）farfrommyworkplace!Ihavetocommute70（2）eachway（3）MondaytoFriday.

【答案】1.so

2.minutes

3.from

【解析】1.语义题。这里强调公寓离工作地方距离很远，故用sofar表示。

2.语义题。commute后面通常接时间，按照常理应该是70分钟，故用复数minutes。

3.固定搭配。fromMondaytoFriday从周一到周五。

20.单选题

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineis"intelligent".Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappyifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent,yourareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.DNervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent"peopledonothaveN.B.D'sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepressionbecausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus

EveryonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficultiesDisagreements,conflictandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeing.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveanN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon'tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.

1.Accordingtotheauthortheconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone'sabilitytoread,writeandcompute（）.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows（）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofpeoplearerare?

问题1选项

A.isawidelyheldbutwrong

B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice

C.therootofallmentaldistress

D.willcontributetoone'sselffulfillment

问题2选项

A.mayresultinone'sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblem:

B.doesnotindicateone'sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments

C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak

D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent

问题3选项

A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths

B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife

C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile

D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise

问题4选项

A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryoneslife

B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife

C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances

D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence

问题5选项

A.Thosewhodon'temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness

B.Thosewhoarenotawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness

C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.D's.

D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths”中文翻译为“对自己负责包括平息一些非常流行的神话。”结合语境，因此A为最佳选项。

2.细节推理题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineisintelligentYetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates..”中文翻译为：我们开始相信，那些拥有更多教育价值徽章并且非常擅长某种形式的学校纪律的人是‘聪明的’。然而，精神病院里挤满了那些拥有所有字母证书的病人。可以得知D选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.”中文翻译为更真实的智力指标是一种有效的、幸福的生活，活在每一天和当下的每一刻。以及“Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.”，中文翻译为：如果你快乐，每一分钟都过得值得，那么你就是聪明的人。此外“Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression.”，中文翻译为：聪明的人知道如何选择幸福而不是沮丧。因此，C最符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段“Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.”，中文翻译为：“每个在任何社会环境中与其他人打交道的人都有类似的困难。分歧、冲突和妥协是作为人的意义的一部分。”故A最符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文“Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.”中文翻译为：“那些能够懂得各种困难是人生难免的状况，不以是否遭遇问题来衡量幸福与否的人是最聪明，也是出类拔萃的。”可以得知B项最为符合。

21.翻译题

机器人我们正生活在一个机器人承担许多工作的时代。机器人可以制造汽车、驾驶飞机和处理账单。

不过这些机器人并不是人形机器。它们的外形并不像我们。它们是特别制造出来代替人做某些工作的机器，可以给它们以任何适宜的外形。机器人的“脑子”是一部电脑，它能够储存指令，并能够控制其它部件。机器人有手臂，能够做人用手干的多种工作。例如，机器人可以在汽车装配线上焊接车身和喷漆。

使用机器人比使用工人的优越之处是它们可以不停地长时间工作，它们从不疲劳，而工作的准确性却始终如一。它们可以在人无法忍受的条件下工作，如有高温、有强烈的噪音或是有危险射线的场合，随着机器人数量的增加，它们的制造成本也会下降。

尽管机器人正在迅速承担工业中的许多工作，但要在家里做家务活却似乎还差得很远。问题在于即使干一半的家务活也需要有一个非常复杂、非常昂贵的机器人。

【答案】Robot22.单选题

Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesis_______hispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.

问题1选项

A.onconditionof

B.inlinewith

C.atoddswith

D.indisguiseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onconditionof“只要”；B选项inlinewith“符合”；C选项atoddswith“与……不一致”；D选项indisguiseof“托辞，假扮成，打着……的幌子”。句意：他的暴力行为有时_______他的个性的害羞和自觉意识。根据语境，这里指他的暴力行为不会让人想到他会害羞，所以atoddswith“与……不一致”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

23.单选题

Itisnotcompatiblewiththeequalitarianidealthatthereshouldbesharpdifferencesinthescaleofmonetaryrewardforservicesperformed.InNewZealand,careoftheunderdoghaslongsincebeenamoreimportantconsiderationthanisthecaseinmanyothercountries.Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement.Thecountry’scitizenshavecometoregardsocialsecurityastheirinalienableright,butbytakingtooreadilyforgrantedtheState’sobligationtowardsthemselvestheyareapttolosesightoftheconversepropositionthattheythemselveshaveobligationstotheState.

Thereluctancetorewardskilledlaboratratescalculatedtoprovideanincentiveforacquiringskillhasitscounterpartinthereluctancetoremuneratethenations’bestscholarsandscientistsonascalesufficienttokeepafairproportionofthemathome.

Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree.Underanycircumstances,regardlessofmonetaryreward,theintellectualelitewouldbetemptedtogoabroadinsearchofawiderfieldofendeavorthancanbefoundinsosmallacountryasNewZealand.

Inasocietywheregreatwealthisregardedasantisocial,itisnaturalthatostentationshouldbelookedataskance.Marksofdistinctionareliabletobehandicap.Forinstance,thepoliticianwhoacceptsatitledoesnotusuallyimprovehischancesofgainingorretainingofficebydoingso.RichardSeddon,itwillberemembered,consistentlyanddoubtlesswisely,refusedtoacceptaknighthood.Wealthcarrieswithitaminimumofprestige;itisapositivedisadvantagetotheaspiranttoapoliticalcareer.StronglymarkedindividualityoreccentricityareseldominevidenceamongNewZealanders,andevenwheretheydoexist,thequalitiesaretoleratedratherthanappreciated.Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.“Infaceandfeature,inmindandtaste,”writesGreenbie,“themodernNewZealandersaresomuchalikethatitishardtorememberthenamesofpersonsyoumeetcasuallyforlackofdistinguishingcharacteristicstowhichtheeyecancling.”

Underconditionssuchasthosedescribedabove,itisnotsurprisingthatnoprivilegedclassshouldhavecomeintoexistencethroughlongpossessionoflandedestateorotherpermanentsourceofincome.Nevertheless,theclaimthatNewZealandershavedevelopedaclasslesssocietycanscarcelybesubstantiated.Snobbery,whendiscouragedinonequarter,.ispronetoappearinsomenewformelsewhere.RecentinvestigationsbyA.A.CongaltonandR.J.Havighurstshowthatthereisafairlywelldefinedanduniversalappreciationofthegraduatedsocialstatusattachingtovarioussocialoccupations.Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.Incidentally,theinvestigationalsobroughttolightthefactthatanyattempttoinquireintotheexistenceofsocialdistinctionswithinthecommunityinvariablyrousedresentment.

Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbeliefthatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.Inpioneerdays,whenhandswerefewandsubsistencehardtowin,itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.Atthebeginningofthegreatslump,whenForbesthePrimeMinister,shockedatwhatthehadseenofthe“dole”duringavisittoEngland,declaredthatsolongasheretainedofficetherewouldbenopaymentwithoutwork,hiswordsappealedtoamoralpreceptdeeplyinculcatednotonlyinthemindsofreactionariesbutofmanyradicalsaswell.

1.OneresultofNewZealand’sefforttoabolishpovertyis______.

2.Somehighabilitypeoplepreferacareeroverseasbecauseof______.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheNewZealandsociety?

4.NewZealandisnotaclasslesssocietyinthat______.

5.Ifpeoplebelievethatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,theywilldoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

问题1选项

A.sharpdifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor

B.theegalitarianidealbecomesincompatible

C.careoftheunderdogbecomesmoreimportant

D.skilllearningandself-improvementarenotdesired

问题2选项

A.fiercecompetitionathome

B.highersocialstatusoverseas

C.moreopportunitiesabroad

D.monetaryrewardathome

问题3选项

A.Ostentation

B.Eccentricity

C.Individuality

D.Conformity

问题4选项

A.snobberyisdiscouragedeverywhereinNewZealand

B.peoplewithmorewealthseemtoenjoyahighsocialstatus

C.thedifferencebetweentherichandthepoorisgreat

D.NewZealandersdon’thaveapermanentsourceofincome

问题5选项

A.seeidlenessasavice

B.trytheirbestnottobeidle

C.notacceptaprivilegedclass

D.inquireintosocialdistinctions

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement（历届政府可能会不无道理地宣称已经消除了贫困，但这一切都发生在对熟练工人和非熟练工人的报酬差距缩小的情况下，这就剥夺了人们获得技能、追求自我提高的动力）。D选项“技能学习和自我提高都不受欢迎”，文章第一段提到，消除贫困的结果就是剥夺了人们获得技能，追求自我提高的动力，D选项正确。A选项“贫富之间的巨大差异”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“照顾弱者变得更加重要”，文章所说，照顾弱者早已成为比其他许多国家更重要的考虑因素，而不是消除贫困所带来的结果，可排除。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第三段第一句Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree（事实往往令人遗憾的是，如此多的最有能力的年轻人宁愿在海外工作，但更高的薪水是否能阻止他们离开，而不仅仅是一个次要学位，这是值得怀疑的）。C选项“更多的机会在国外”，从文章来看，文章提到无论金钱的高低，知识精英们都会被诱惑到国外去寻找比新西兰这样一个小国更广阔的领域，也就可以推测，海外有更多的机会，C选项的内容符合文章所说。A选项“国内竞争激烈”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“海外较高的社会地位”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。D选项“国内的金钱回报”，文章所说，无论经济回报的高低，知识精英们都会被诱惑到国外去，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段倒数第三句Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.（顺从的原则占上风，如果美国作家西德尼•格林比的话可信的话，它已经在自治领居民中产生了相当程度的标准化）。D选项“遵守；符合”，从文章来看，新西兰社会中顺从原则会占上风，可推测，遵守最能描述新西兰社会，D选项正确。A选项“卖弄；虚饰”，文章没有提到这一点，A选项可排除。B选项“古怪；怪癖”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除B选项。C选项“个性；个人”，文章所说强烈的个性或怪癖在新西兰人身上很少有明显的表现，即使有，这些品质也得到容忍而不是赞赏，可排除C选项。因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段倒数第二句Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.（医生、律师、大商人等级高于政府部门负责人、神职人员、大学教授”等一系列相关问题的调查结果显示，“医生、律师、大商人等级高于政府部门负责人、神职人员、大学教授等级”；办公室工作人员比店员得分高，矿工比码头工人得分高，等等）。也就可以推测，新西兰社会是存在着阶级关系，并且造成阶级关系明显的就是贫富差距。C选项“富人和穷人之间的差别很大”，符合文章内容，贫富差距造成的阶级关系，C选项正确。A选项“在新西兰，势利是不受欢迎的”，文章所说，势力如果被禁止，那么它就会在别的地方新出现，可排除A选项。B选项“富有的人似乎享有较高的社会地位”，文章没有提到富人会享受更高的社会地位，B选项可排除。D选项“新西兰人没有固定的收入来源”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段。D选项“探究社会差异”，文章没有提到这个内容，人们不会去探究社会的差异，D选项正确。A选项“把懒惰看成一种恶习”，可以定位到文章第六段第二句Itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.（整天无所事事确实是一种罪过，把无所事事视为恶习的习惯一直存在着），也就是把懒惰看成一种恶习，A选项正确。B选项“尽量不闲着”，文章第六段第一句workhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.（工作本身有一种优点，不管它有没有用处），当人们把工作视为一种美德的时候，那么可推测，人们会自愿出去工作，B选项可排除。C选项“不接受特权阶级”，文章第六段第一句Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbelief.（特权阶级也是一个悠闲的阶级，对它的排斥与一种根深蒂固的信念是一致的），可推测如果人们去工作，便不会接受特权，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

24.单选题

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsu