考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学银川学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学银川学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Nowscientistscannotrealize（）soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

问题1选项

A.so

B.very

C.too

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】cannot...too...“无论怎样……也不过分”“越……越好”。本句意为：“现有的科学知识并不像课本中所说的那么完善、肯定、不可改变，对于这一点科学家认识得越早越好。”其他选项均无此搭配。

2.单选题

SheisoneofthefewpeoplehereIcanunderstandproperly,shepronouncesallherwordsso_______.

问题1选项

A.exactly

B.distinctly

C.distinctively

D.distinguishably

【答案】B

【解析】exactly精确地；distinctly明显地，清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguishably可区别地，辨认得出。句意：她是我能听懂的为数不多的几个人之一，她把所有的字都读得很清楚。

由题意可知，作者强调此人发音清晰，故选B。

3.单选题

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣闻轶事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狭窄的）spacethatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

问题2选项

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

问题3选项

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

问题4选项

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

问题5选项

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一个低职位员工违抗高级别领导，是为了履行其工作职贵),由此可知答案选C“因为她是一个有责任心的员工”。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亚特兰大一个被隔离且沉闷的动物园内生活27年的大猩猩),可知D项“隔离的”正确。

3.判断推理题。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(无论新环境多么有吸引力，都得花时间，且需要勇气离开舒适安全的地方)。由此可知选A项“面对与适应新的环境是花时间且需要勇气的”。

4.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的领导人都懂得充分利用轶事)推断A项“许多有魅力的领导会充分利用各类奇闻轶事与故事”正确。根据文章最后一句话Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(尽量排除那些被广泛引用的轶事，因为它们会让听众感到乏味)推断B“收集被广泛运用的轶事是一个很不错的主意”与原文不符。根据文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(这项技能是非常值得学习的，因为它能帮助打造个人魅力和领导才能)推断C项“通过阅读书籍、杂志和时事新闻，可以打造个人魅力”与原文不符。文章并没有说要想成为一个高效的讲故事者，只需制作一个有用的奇闻轶事记录册。故D项没有根据。因此选A。

5.判断推理题。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在离会时很多人可能都了解了接下来的改变对员工来说意味着多大的困难),因此C项“能够帮助与会人员更好理解即将到来的变化”正确。而A项“是个高效率的领导，且习惯于向员工讲故事”和B项“是个经常喜欢引经据典影响他人的人”在原文中并没有体现。D项“习惯于引经据典帮助员工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根据。

4.单选题

Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.Athunderstormstartswhenlow-lyingpocketsofwarmairfromthesurfaceoftheearthbegintorise.Thepocketofwarmairfloatupwardsthroughtheairabovethatisbothcoolerandheavier.Therisingpocketscoolastheirpressuredecreases,andtheirheatisreleasedabovethecondensationlinethroughtheformationofcumulusclouds.

Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.Inwinter,theairtemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesisnotextremelygreat,andthetemperatureoftherisingairmassdropsmoreslowly.Insummer,however,whenthereisahighaccumulationofheatneartheearth’ssurface,indirectcontrasttotheconsiderablycolderairhigherup,thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter;whenthetemperaturedropsmorethanfourdegreesFahrenheitperthousandfeetofaltitude,cumuluscloudsaggregateintoasinglemassivecumulonimbuscloud,orthunderhead.

Inisolation,asinglethunderstormisanimpressivebutfairlybenignwayforMotherEarthtodefusetrappedheatfromhersurface;thunderstorms,however,canappearinconcert,andtheresultingshow,whileextremelyimpressive,canalsoproveextraordinarilydestructive.Whenthereisalarge-scalecollisionbetweencoldairandwarmairmassesduringthesummermonths,asquallline,orseriesofthunderheads,maydevelop.Itiscommonforasqualllinetobeginwhenanadvancingcoldfrontmeetsupwithandforcesitselfunderalayerofwarmandmoistair,creatingalineofthunderstormsthatracesforwardatspeedsofapproximatelyfortymilesperhour.Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,isamagnificentforceofnaturewithincrediblepotentialfordestruction.Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.

1.Thetopicofthepassageis（）.

2.Theword"mechanism"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,insummer,（）.

4.Choosethedrawingbelowthatmostcloselyresemblesasquallline.

5.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageaboutsupercellsexceptthatthey（）.

问题1选项

A.thedevelopmentofthunderstormsandsqualllines

B.thedevastatingeffectsoftornadoes.

C.Cumulusandcumulonimbusclouds

D.thepoweroftornados

问题2选项

A.machines

B.motions

C.methods

D.materials

问题3选项

A.thereisnotagreattemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudes.

B.thegreatertemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesmakesthunderstormsmorelikelytooccur.

C.thereisnotmuchcoldairwhichdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

D.thetemperatureofrisingairdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

问题4选项

A.

B.

C.

D.

问题5选项

A.areofshortduration.

B.havecirclingwinds.

C.haveextraordinarypower.

D.cangivebirthtotornadoes.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问文章主题。根据原文第一段“Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.”可知，雷暴带着锯齿状的闪电和轰鸣的雷声，实际上是大自然把热量从地球表面转移到大气中的主要方式之一。此处引出话题Thunderstorm。后文又围绕Thunderstorm和squallline的形成进行了论述，故A项“雷雨和飑线的形成”符合题意。B项“龙卷风的毁灭性结果”和D项“龙卷风的威力”在文中并未提及，可排除；C项“积云和积雨云”只是在文中有所提及，不能作为文章主题。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

2.词汇题。将mechanism定位到原文第一段，由“fortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere”可知，雷暴是为了将热量从地表转移到大气中，因此这是一种大自然的原始方式，故C项methods含义最接近。A项machine表示“机器”；B项motion表示“动作；移动；手势；议案”；D项material表示“材料”。

3.推理判断题。根据原文第二段“Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.”可知，积雨云的发生取决于大气温度。而根据“Insummer,...thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter...”可知，较高与较低海拔之间的温差更显著。因此，A项“较高与较低海拔之间没有很大温差”表述错误。B项“较高与较低海拔之间较大的温差更可能发生雷雨”；C项“（夏天）没有太多的冷空气的温度下降得比冬天更快”以及D项“（夏天）上升空气的温度比冬天下降得慢”均与原文不符。故本题正确答案为B项。

4.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,...”可知一条飑线可能长达数百英里，可容纳50个不同的雷雨云砧。通俗的说就是由于雷暴云中强烈上升气流到达对流层顶后，受到对流层顶（平流层下）强烈的水平气流作用而不能继续上升，从而向四周快速扩散，形成云砧。由于对流层顶温度很低，上升气流中凝结的水汽以冰晶形式存在，冰晶随风扩散，所以云砧看上去是白色的。由此可推测C项正确。A项图像应为“闪电”；B项图像应为“龙卷风”；D项图像应为“晴间多云”。

5.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.”可知，在飑线的南端经常可以发现超级单体，这是一种长期存在且又异常强大的旋转风暴，是龙卷风的源头。由此可知，A项“持续时间短暂”与原文不符。而B项“有旋转风”；C项“能量非凡”以及D项“可以引起龙卷风”均与原文表述相符，故本题正确答案为A项。

5.单选题

Mr.Jenkinsdrovealongathisusualhighspeed（

）forpolicecarsinhismirrorfromtimetotimetomakesurehewassafe.

问题1选项

A.pullingout

B.runningthrough

C.goingahead

D.watchingout

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。pullout“离开；撤离；拔出”；runthrough“跑着穿过；浏览；挥霍”；goahead“前进；进行”；watchout“小心；提防”。句意：詹金森先生以自己平时的高速开车，时不时从后视镜提防警察，确保自己是安全的。选项D符合题意。

6.填空题

Rabiesisanordinarilyinfectiousdiseaseofthecentralnervoussystem.Itiscausedbyavirusand,（1）arule,spreadchieflybydomesticdogsand（2）flesh-eatinganimals.Manandallwarm-bloodedanimalsaresusceptible（3）rabies.Thepeopleof（4）Egypt,GreeceandRomeascribedrabiestoevilspirits（5）ordinarilygentleandfriendlyanimalssuddenlybecamevivaciousandviolent（6）evidentcauseand,（7）aperiodofmaniacalbehaviorbecameparalyzedanddied.

Experiments（8）outinEuropeintheearlynineteenthcenturyofinjectingsalivafromarabiddog（9）anormaldogprovedthatthediseasewasinfectious.Preventivesteps,（10）asthedestructionofstraydogs,weretakenand（11）1862thediseasewaspermanentlyeliminatedinNorway,SwedenandDenmark.ThoughurbancenteronthecontinentofEuropewereclearedseveraltimesduringthenineteenthcentury,（12）soonbecamere-infectedsincerabieswasuncontrolledamongwildanimals.

Anti-rabiesvaccineiswidelyusednowadaysintwoways.Dogsmaybegiventhree-yearprotection（13）thediseasebyonepowerfulinjection,（14）personswhohavebeen（15）byrabidanimalsaregivenacourseofdailyinjectionsoveraweek（16）tendays.Themortalityratefromall（17）ofbitesfromrabidanimalshasdroppedfrom9%to0.5%.Inrare（18）,thevaccinewillnotpreventrabiesinhuman（19）becausethevirusproducesthediseasebeforetheperson’sbodyhas

（20）tobuildupenoughresistance.Becauseofthis,immediatevaccinationisessentialforanyonebittenbyananimalobservedactingstrangelyandtheanimalshouldbecapturedcircumspectly,andexaminedprofessionallyordestroyed.

A.makeuseof

B.makeupfor

C.makewayof

D.makeroomfor

【答案】1、as

2、all/the

3、to

4、ancient

5、because

6、without

7、after

8、carried

9、into

10、such

11、by

12、they

13、against

14、while/whereas

15、bitten

16、or

17、types/kinds/sorts

18、cases

19、beings/bodies

20、time

【解析】1、asarule为固定搭配，指“通常,一般说来”，相当于generallyspeaking。

2、根据句意：通常，它（狂犬病）是由一种病毒引起的，主要由家犬和食肉动物传播。填入all表示所有的食肉动物，填入the表示食肉动物这一种类。两个都正确，符合原文句意。

3、besusceptibleto为固定搭配，表示“对…敏感；易患…；易受…影响”。

4、根据原文句意可知，这里指古埃及、希腊和罗马的人民。

5、填空处前后句子结构完整，所以应填入一个连接词，根据句意可知这里指古埃及、希腊和罗马的人民将狂犬病归于邪灵的原因，所以应填入because。

6、根据句意：通常温和友好的动物突然变得活泼和暴力，没有明显的原因。without符合句意。

7、根据常识可知，狂犬病的症状是经过一段时间的疯狂行为之后会变得麻痹直至死亡。

8、carryout为固定词组，表示“实施，执行”，原文中指19世纪早期在欧洲进行的实验，所以用过去式carriedout。

9、考查介词搭配。injectinto指将...注入到...。原文指将患有狂犬病的狗的唾液注射到正常狗的体内。

10、根据句意可知，这里是对预防措施的举例。suchas比如...。

11、根据句意：到1862年，这种疾病在挪威、瑞典和丹麦被永久消灭。by+时间，表示到...时候。

12、根据句意：尽管在19世纪欧洲大陆的城市中心被清理过几次，但由于狂犬病在野生动物中无法控制，它们很快又被重新感染。这里的they指的是上文提到的“straydogs”。

13、根据句意：通过一次强力注射，可以给狗狗三年的免疫力。也就是保护狗狗对抗疾病。

14、根据原文，填空处前面描述的是狗狗接受一次强有力的注射即可，填空处后面描述的是患病的人却一周或十天中每天都要注射疫苗。前后形成对比，所以用while或whereas表转折。

15、根据下文需要注射疫苗,说明是被患有狂犬病的动物咬过,所以填入bitten。

16、根据句意：被患有狂犬病的动物咬伤的人在一周或十天内每天都要接受注射。所以填入or符合句意。

17、alltypes/kinds/sortsof指各种类型，各种各样的。符合原文句意。

18、根据下文可知，这里应该指极少出现的情况，所以填入cases符合原文语境。

19、根据句意：极少数情况下，疫苗无法阻止人们（体内）的狂犬病。填入bodies最为恰当。

20、根据句意：病毒在人体有足够的时间建立足够的抵抗力之前就产生了这种疾病。所以填入time符合原文句意。、

7.单选题

Formanycountries,beingpartofaglobalsupplychainislikestrikingoil–oilthatmaynever（）.

问题1选项

A.runout

B.workout

C.turnout

D.callout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项runout“用完，耗尽”，B项workout“解决，算出”，C项turnout“结果是”，D项callout表示“唤起，出动”。句意：对于许多国家来说，成为全球供应链的一部分就像开采可能永远不会用完的石油。因此A项正确。

8.单选题

Don't（）thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.relate

C.release

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在我们通知你之前不要向公众发布这个消息。

考查动词辨析。Relieve解除，减轻，缓和；relate联系，使有联系；release释放，放出；retain保持，持有，保留。因此C符合句意。

9.单选题

Engineeringoffersmenandwomenan（

）opportunitytoexperiencethejoyofimprovingthequalityoflifeforhumankindthroughdevelopmentofengineeringsolutionstosocietalproblems.

问题1选项

A.absolute

B.unparalleled

C.elaborate

D.obsessive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。absolute意为“绝对的，完全的”；unparalleled意为“无比的，空前的”；elaborate意为“复杂的，详尽的”；obsessive意为“着迷的”。

句意：工程学为男性和女性提供一个前所未有的机会，通过开发解决社会问题的工程解决方案来让他们体验改善人类生活质量的乐趣。

10.单选题

Visionsareaskedto（

）withtheregulations.

问题1选项

A.conflict

B.consult

C.comply

D.contrast

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conflict“冲突”；consult“咨询”；comply“遵守”；contrast“对比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于规则。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Archaeologistshavediscoveredthe（

）ofamarblecolumnoftheancienttemple.

问题1选项

A.remnant

B.fragments

C.scrap

D.shred

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。remnant“剩余，残余，遗迹”；fragment“碎片，片段或不完整的部分”；scrap“碎片，残余物，残羹剩饭，废金属，”；shred“碎片，细条”。句意：考古学家已经发现这座古庙大理石柱的残迹。故A项符合题意。

12.单选题

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Atallchimney.

B.Ahugepieceofrock.

C.Thepeakofamountain.

D.Thestumpofagianttree.

问题2选项

A.Humanactivity.

B.Chemicalprocesses.

C.Windandwater.

D.Fireandfury.

问题3选项

A.Itwasbuiltinancienttimes.

B.Itisahistoricalmonument.

C.Itwascreatedbysupernaturalpowers.

D.ItisIndians’sacredplaceforworship.

问题4选项

A.Bykillingtheattackingbears.

B.Byshelteringtheminacave.

C.Byliftingthemwellabovetheground.

D.Bytakingthemtothetopofamountain.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】PassageOne

[9]Devil’sTower,thefirstnationalmonumentinAmerica,couldalmostbemistakenforthestumpofanenormoustree.Itssheerrocksidessweepupfromabroadbaseuntiltheycutoffabruptlyattheflatsummit.Risingmorethan1,000feetinthemiddleofthegentlyrollingplainsofWyoming,themassivecolumnofrock,looksasthoughitwasdroppeddownintothislocationfromadifferenttimeandplace.

Inasense,itwas.Devil’sTowerisarelicofthepastwhenthemeltedrockoftheearth’scoreforceditswaytothesurfacetoformthethroatofavolcano.Asthecenturiespassed,therockcooledandhardened,shrinkingandcrackingintolongcolumns,borninfireandfury.[10]Devil’sTowerwasthenshapedbytheslow,gentleworkofwindandwater.Theouterlayersofthevolcanowerewornawayuntilthehardcorestoodcompletelyexposed.

[11]SmallwonderthatanIndianlegenddescribedDevil’sTowerasbeingformedbysupernaturalpowers.Thelegendsaysthatwhensevengirlswereattackedbybears,theytookrefugeontopofasmallrock,andtheyappealedtotheRockGodforhelp.[12]TheGodcausedtherocktogrowandtoliftthegirlsfarabovetheground,whileitssideswerescoredbytheclawsoftheangrybears.Eventoday,saysthelegend,thegirlscanbeseenabovethetoweringrockassevenshiningstarsinthenightsky.

9.WhatdoesDevil’sTowerlooklike?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问恶魔塔看上去像什么？录音首句就指出，恶魔塔为美国的第一个国家纪念碑。因其独特的外形，差点被人们误认为是一棵巨大无比的树桩。因此D选项“巨大的树桩”正确。A选项“一个高大的烟囱”和C选项“一座山的顶峰”在录音中没有提及；B选项“一块巨大的岩石”，录音有提及恶魔塔实质上是由巨大的岩石构成，但题目问的是恶魔塔看上去像什么，因此B选项不符合题干。

10.Whatcausedthevolcano’souterlayertowearaway?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问是什么导致了火山表面的侵蚀？录音中有提到恶魔塔是如何形成的。它是由岩石冷却、变硬、收缩和断裂而最终形成的。在此漫长过程中，恶魔塔受到风化水蚀。火山表面被侵蚀掉，坚硬的中心岩石完全暴露出来。因此，C选项正确。A选项“人类活动”和B选项“化学过程”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“火的燃烧与灼热”，录音中提到此信息是描述恶魔塔所产生的环境，并不是其外层被侵蚀掉的原因，因此D选项不正确。

11.WhatdoesanIndianlegendsayaboutDevil’sTower?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于恶魔塔的印第安传说是怎样的？录音提到，印第安传说中说魔鬼塔是由超自然力量形成的。C选项“它是由超自然力量创造的”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它是在远古时代建造的”和D选项“它是印第安人敬奉的圣地”在录音中没有信息提及；B选项“它是一个历史纪念碑”，录音中虽有提及恶魔塔是一座国家纪念碑（nationalmonument），但不等同于历史纪念碑（historicalmonument），而且这与题目问的印第安传说没有相关性，因此可排除B选项。

12.HowdidtheRockGodhelpthesevengirlsintheIndianlegend?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问“石神”是如何帮助印第安传说中的七个女孩的？录音最后详细讲述了这个关于恶魔塔的印第安传说：七个印第安女孩遇到熊的攻击。女孩们无处可逃，爬上了小岩石的顶部，向“石神”求助。“石神”让岩石往上“长”起来，熊只能用爪子在岩石上抓出一道道的深痕。因此，C选项“从地面上把她们抬升起来”符合原文表述。A选项“杀死攻击人的熊”；B选项“在山洞里掩护她们”和D选项“将她们带到山顶”在录音中均没有提及。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

当科学家希望用一种声音说话时，他们往往会采用一种非常不科学的方式：共识报告。其理念是：将多个专家的知识浓缩为一种能够解决争议、帮助制定政策的单一看法，但是达成这种共识往往违背这些目标，并且会削弱其本欲凸显的权威。专家小组开始会提出许多有价值的原理和建议。然而，形成专家共识的讨论确实在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科学”上的相同之处。

【答案】Whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.Theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.Butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.Thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.However,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.

14.翻译题

Whilebankstrytoavoiddrowningintroubledassets—badloans—borrowersandlendersalikearequestioninghowbankgotintothecurrentfinancialmess.Manyobserversblamesubprimemortgagelending.Unlikeprimemortgagesubprimeloansaremadetohigh-riskborrowers—thosewithbadcredithistories,excessivedebt,inadequateincomeorotherindicatorsthattheywillnotrepaythelender.Inreturnforriskierloans,borrowerspayhigherinterestrates.1.Asthehousingmarkettumbled,delinquenciesskyrocketedonmillionsofsubprimeloans.Whereasabout6percentofmortgagewereuncollectablefrom2000to2005,thereafterdelinquenciesincreasednearing30percentby2008.Lendersextendedtoomuchcredittoweakborrowers.

Reportsindicatethatthesubprimecrisiscanbetracedtooverlyrelaxedcreditstandards.Onestudyfoundthatmanyloanapplicationslistedfraudulentinformation.Someborrowers,takingadvantageoflaxlendingpracticestolivebeyondtheirmeans,liedabouttheirincomeandassetsinordertosecureloans.2.Othermisinformationcanbeattributedtomortgagebrokerseagertogetotherwiseunqualifiedborrowersapprovedforloans.Somelenderswentsofarastohavearelativeposeasaborrower’sfakeemployerandfalsityW-2formstogainapproval.3.Theseproblemswerecompoundedfurtherbythosewithinthebankingandfinancesystemwhoknewthatrampantfraudwasoccurringbutlookedtheotherway,aslongasprofitskeptrollingin.

4.Nowstuckwithuncollectableloans,unsellableforeclosedpropertiesandbigfinanciallosses,theindustryistighteningcreditstandardsandlendingpractices.Federalbankexaminers,forexample,areinsistingthatloanofficersusegreatercautionandjudgmenttoidentifycredit-worthyborrowersandavoidweakloans.Lendersareswitchingtoindependentrealestateappraiserswhohavenodirectcontactwithloanofficers,togetaccurateratherthaninflatedpropertyappraisals.5.Alongwitheliminatingloanswithzeroorverylowdownpayments,homeequitylendingisshrinkingashomevaluescontinuetofall.Lendersarealsoreducingcreditcardlimit.Withadirelessonlearned,itappearsthattighterstandardsareherefortheforeseeablefuture.

【答案】1.随着房地产市场的暴跌，数百万次级贷款的拖欠率飙升。从2000年到2005年，约有6%的抵押贷款无法收回，而此后到2008年，拖欠率上升了近30个百分点。

2.其他的虚假信息可以归因于抵押贷款经纪人急于让不合格的借款人获得贷款。一些贷款机构，甚至让亲戚冒充借款人的假雇主并提供虚假的报税表格，以获得贷款批准。

3.银行和金融系统内部的人知道存在着猖獗的欺诈行为，但只要利润源源不断地涌入，他们就视而不见，而这进一步加剧了这些问题。

4.现在，由于无法收回的贷款、无法出售的止赎房产和巨大的金融损失，银行业正在收紧信贷标准和放贷操作。

5.随着零首付或极低首付贷款的取消，房屋净值贷款随着房屋价值的继续下跌而萎缩。

15.单选题

Somepeoplecriticizefamilydoctorsfor（）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.

问题1选项

A.prescribing

B.ordering

C.advising

D.delivering

【答案】A

【解析】prescribing规定,开药；ordering订购；advising建议；delivering发表,投递。句意：有些人批评家庭医生为小病开的药过多。

16.翻译题

Inthelate1960sintegratedcircuit,tinytransistorsandotherelectricalcomponentsarrangedonasinglechipofsilicon(硅),replacedindividualtransistorsincomputers.Integratedcircuitsbecameminiaturized(使小型化),enablingmorecomponentstobedesignedintoasinglecomputercircuit.

【答案】

20世纪60年代末，安装在一块硅片上的集成电路、微型晶体管和其他电子元件取代了计算机中的单个晶体管。集成电路小型化使人们将更多组件设计成一个单一的计算机电路。

17.单选题

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehi