考研考博-英语-丽水职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-丽水职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Heis

a/an（）andwell-behavedchild,but

hisparentsworryabouthimforhetalkstoolittle.

问题1选项

A.obedient

B.transient

C.conscious

D.passionate

【答案】A

【解析】obedient指顺从的,听话的；transient指短暂的；conscious指知道的,清醒的；passionate指激情的。句意：他是个听话的孩子,但他父母担心他有些过于内向。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economics,andwar.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors——orofpeopleverydifferentfromourown——canbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyofferusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.

Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly"political”artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforitsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera.JoseClementeOrozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueirosaswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartines——depictedtheseMexicanartists’deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.

Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Althoughmostpeoplecouldn’tread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesareunholy.

1.Morecanbelearnedaboutaculturefromastudyofarthistorythangeneralhistorybecausearthistory（

）.

2.Artissubjectiveinthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thepassageismainlydiscussing

（

）.

5.Itmaybeconcludedfromthispassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.showsusthereligionsandemotionsofapeopleinadditiontopoliticalvalues

B.providesuswithinformationaboutthedailyactivitiesofpeopleinthepast

C.givesusaninsightintotheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.apersonalandemotionalviewofhistoryispresentedthroughit

B.itcaneasilyrouseourangerorsadnessaboutsocialproblems

C.itwillfindareadyechoinourhearts

D.bothBandC

问题3选项

A.UnlikeFranciscoGoya,PabloandseveralMexicanartistsexpressedtheirpoliticalopinionsintheirpaintings

B.Historybooksoftenrevealthecompilers’politicalviews.

C.ReligiousartremainedinEuropeforcenturiestheonlytypeofartbecausemostpeopleregardedtheBibleastheHolyBook.

D.Alltheabovementionedarenottrue.

问题4选项

A.thedifferencebetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory

B.themakingofarthistory

C.whatcanwelearnfromart

D.theinfluenceofartistsonarthistory

问题5选项

A.Islamicartistshavehadtocreatearchitecturaldecorationswithimagesofflowersorgeometricforms

B.Historyteachersaremoreobjectivethangeneralhistory

C.Itismoredifficulttostudyarthistorythangeneralhistory.

D.PeopleandstoriesfromtheBiblewerepaintedonchurchesandotherbuildingsinordertopopularizetheBible.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:展示一个民族的宗教和情感以及政治价值观,由第一段“...artreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,but

alsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology(艺术反应人的政治价值观、宗教信仰、情感和心理状态)”可知A项正确。B:提供过去人们日常活动的信息,由第一段中“Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors...canbeprovidedbyart另外,…通过艺术我们能了解有关我们祖先日常活动的信息)”可知B项争取。C:让我们洞察一个时代和一个地方的本质,由第一段中“Inshort，artexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace(总之，艺术表达了一个吋代和一个地方的基本特质)”可知C项正确。故选D。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Artissubjective定位至第二段:Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions(另一方面，艺术是主观的，它反映了个人的情绪和观点)。随后举例说明艺术家在自己的作品中表达对政府、社会等的观点,因此A项“因为通过艺术，可以表达个人对历史的观点和情绪”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:与弗朗西斯科•戈亚不同，帕布罗和几位墨西哥艺术家在他们的画作中表达了他们的政治观点。由第二段中“ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly“political”artist(伟大的西班牙画家FranciscoGoya或许是第一个真正的‘政治性’艺术家)”可知A项与原文所述不符。B:历史书籍经常显示编辑者的政治观点,由第二段“Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed(在历史书籍中，有关一个国家政治生活的客观信息被提出，即关于政治的事实被给给出，但相关的意见却没有表达出)”可知B项与原文所述不符。C:宗教艺术几百年来一直是欧洲唯一的艺术类型，因为大多数人把圣经视为圣书,文中并未提及。D:以上选项都不正确。所以本题选D。

4.主旨大意题。文中开篇引出了主题:相比在一般的历史课上可能学到的，研究艺术历史是更多了解文化的一种好方法。随后围绕历史,艺术历史进行讨论。因此A“一般的历史和艺术历史的区别”比较能概括文章大意。

5.判断推理题。A:伊斯兰教艺术家一直不得不用花的图像或几何形式来创造建筑装饰,由最后一段“Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstaturesareunholy(相比之下，中东地区艺术的主要特点之一是（仍然是）没有人或动物的图像。这反应了伊斯兰教认为雕像不是神圣的)”可知A正确。B:历史教师相比一般的历史更具客观性,由第二段中“Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed(在历史书籍中，有关一个国家政治生活的客观信息被提出，即关于政治的事实被给出，但相关的意见却没有表达出)”可知B项“历史教师相比一般的历史更具客观性”不正确。C:相比一般的历史，研究艺术历史更难,D:为了普及圣经，人们把圣经中的人物和故事画在教堂和其他建筑物上。这两项文章并未提及。故选A。

3.单选题

Don’tthisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.release

C.relate

D.inform

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项relieve表示“解除，减轻”；B选项release表示“释放，发布”；C选项relate表示“涉及，关联，认同”；D选项inform表示“通知，告诉”。根据句意可知，在得到许可前切勿向大众发布消息。故本题正确答案为B选项。

4.单选题

ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexplanationseemednotto（

）.

问题1选项

A.getup

B.getalong

C.getacross

D.getdown

【答案】C

【解析】动词短语。getup“起床”；getalong“相处，进展”；getacross“使……被理解”；getdown“从…下来，使沮丧”。句意：尽管我努力解释地足够清楚了，但是我的解释似乎不能被理解。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Mr.Smithrecentlyhas（）tennistorelaxhimselfinsparetime.

问题1选项

A.takenup

B.takenin

C.takenon

D.takenover

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。takeup"占去;开始从事";takein"欺骗;接受;吸收";takeon"呈现,承担";takeover"接管,接受。句意：史密斯先生最近开始在空闲时间打网球,以此来放松自己。选项A正确。

6.单选题

Anewdegreeofintellectualpowerseemscheapatanyprice.Theuseoftheworldisthatmanmaylearnitslaws.Andthehumanracehaswiselysignifiedtheirsenseofthis,bycallingwealth,means-'Man'beingtheend.Languageisalwayswise.

ThereforeIpraiseNewEnglandbecauseitistheplaceintheworldwhereisthefreestexpenditureforeducation.Wehavealreadytaken,attheplantingoftheColonies,theinitialstep,whichforitsimportancemighthavebeenresistedasthemostradicalofrevolutions,thusdecidingatthestartthedestinyofthiscountry-this,namely,thatthepoorman,whomthelawdoesnotallowtotakeanearofcornwhenstarving,norapairofshoesforhisfreezingfeet,isallowedtoputhishandintothepocketoftherich,andsay,"Youshalleducateme,notasyouwill,butasIwill:notaloneintheelements,but,byfurtherprovision,inthelanguages,insciences,intheusefulandinelegantarts.ThechildshallbetakenupbytheState,andtaught,atthepubliccost,therudimentsofknowledge,and,atlast,theripestresultsofartandscience".

Humanlyspeaking,theschool,thecollege,society,makethedifferencebetweenmen.AllthefairytalesofAladdinortheinvisibleGygesorthetalismanthatopenskings'palacesortheenchantedhallsundergroundorinthesea,areanyfictionstoindicatetheonemiracleofintellectualenlargement.Whenamanstupidbecomesamaninspired,whenoneandthesamemanpassesoutofthetorpidintotheperceivingstate,leavesthedinoftrifles,thestuporofthesenses,toenterintothequasi-omniscienceofhighthought—upanddown,around,alllimitsdisappear.Nohorizonshutsdown.Heseesthingsintheircauses,allfactsintheirconnection.

Oneoftheproblemsofhistoryisthebeginningofcivilization.Theanimalsthataccompanyandservemanmakenoprogressasraces.Thosecalleddomesticarecapableoflearningofmanafewtricksofutilityoramusement,buttheycannotcommunicatetheskilltotheirrace.Eachindividualmustbetaughtanew.Thetraineddogcannottrainanotherdog.AndManhimselfinmanyfacesretainsalmosttheunteachablenessofthebeast.Forathousandyearstheislandsandforestsofagreatpartoftheworldhavebeenledwithsavageswhomadenostepsofadvanceinartorskillbeyondthenecessityofbeingfedandwarmed.Certainnationswithabetterbrainandusuallyinmoretemperateclimateshavemadesuchprogressastocomparewiththeseasthesecomparewiththebearandthewolf.

Victoryoverthingsistheofficeofman.Ofcourse,untilitisaccomplished,itisthewarandinsultofthingsoverhim.Hiscontinualtendency,hisgreatdanger,istooverlookthefactthattheworldisonlyhisteacher,andthenatureofsunandmoon,plantandanimalonlymeansofarousinghisinterioractivity.Enamoredoftheirbeauty,comfortedbytheirconvenience,heseeksthemasends,andfastlosessightofthefactthattheyhaveworsethannovalues,thattheybecomenoxious,whenhebecomestheirslave.

Thisapparatusofwantsandfaculties,thiscravingbody,whoseorgansaskalltheelementsandallthefunctionsofNaturefortheirsatisfaction,educatethewondrouscreaturewhichtheysatisfywithlight,withheat,withwater,withwood,withbread,withwool.Thenecessitiesimposedbyhismostirritableandall-relatedtexturehavetaughtManhunting,pasturage,agriculture,commerce,weaving,joining,masonry,geometry,astronomy.Hereisaworldpiercedandbeltedwithnaturallaws,andfencedandplantedwithcivilpartitionsandproperties,whichallputnewrestraintsontheyounginhabitant.Hetoomustcomeintothismagiccircleofrelations,andknowhealthandsickness,thefearofinjury,thedesireofexternalgood,thecharmofriches,thecharmofpower.Thehouseholdisaschoolofpower.There,withinthedoor,learnthetragicomedyofhumanlife.Hereisthesincerething,thewondrouscompositionforwhichdayandnightgoround.Inthatroutinearethesacredrelations,thepassionsthatbindandsever.Hereispovertyandallthewisdomitshatednecessitiescanteach,herelabordrudges,hereaffectionsglow,herethesecretsofcharacteraretold,theguardsofman,theguardsofwoman,thecompensationswhich,likeangelsofjustice,payeverydebt:theopiumofcustom,whereofalldrinkandmanygomad.HereisEconomy,andGlee,andHospitality,andCeremony,andFrankness,andCalamity,andDeath,andHope.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatdoestheword“torpid”meaninparagraph3?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

4.Whatdoesthesentence“Victoryoverthingsistheofficeofman”mean?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanassumethattheauthorbelievesthat.

问题1选项

A.Thepowerofhumancivilization.

B.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnature.

C.Manlearningthelawsofsociety.

D.Theeducationempowermentofman.

问题2选项

A.Slow.

B.Stagnant.

C.Confused.

D.Excitable.

问题3选项

A.Arangeofexperiencescanbefoundinone'sownhome.

B.Notalllifelessonsrequireateacherorclassroom.

C.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

D.Humanendeavorissubjecttothelawsofnature.

问题4选项

A.Manisdrivenbyambitionanddesire.

B.Manbelieveshimselfsuperiortothenaturalworld.

C.Itisthedutyofmantoworktotheend.

D.Victorycanbeprecarious.

问题5选项

A.mandoeshisbesttomeethisneeds

B.thefutureofcivilizationrestsonman'slearningaboutnaturallaws

C.manhasgreatpotentialwithinhim

D.manisresponsibleforhisowndestruction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，第一段提出“Theuseoftheworldisthatmanmaylearnitslaws”，在接下来的段落提到了人与教育之间的关系，在最后两段作者主要强调人类的教育赋权，即本文的主题，所以选项D正确。

第2题:2.词义判断题。根据原文“passesoutofthetorpidintotheperceivingstate”从“torpid”的状态进入到感知的状态，再根据下文“leavesthedinoftrifles,thestuporofthesenses,toenterintothequasi-omniscienceofhighthought...”留下琐事的喧嚣，麻木的感官，进入到类似全知的高度思维状态······由此可推测，“torpid”的状态和琐事喧嚣，麻木的感官是相对应的，所以“torpid”意为迟钝的，不活泼的，选项B与之意思相近。

第3题:3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Thisapparatusofwantsandfaculties…withbread,withwool.”可知，并不是所有的人生课程都需要老师或教室，大自然同样也能教育人类。所以选项B符合原文。

第4题:4.推理判断题。根据下文“Hiscontinualtendency,hisgreatdanger,istooverlookthefactthattheworldisonlyhisteacher,andthenatureofsunandmoon,plantandanimalonlymeansofarousinghisinterioractivity.”他（人类）持续的倾向以及巨大的危险，是忽视了这样一个事实：世界只是他的老师，太阳和月亮，植物和动物的本质只是激发人类内心活动的手段。由此可推断，人类喜欢战胜一切是由于野心和欲望的驱使。

第5题:5.推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四句“Hereisaworldpiercedandbelted...thecharmofriches,thecharmofpower.”这是一个被自然法则束缚的世界，安置着民用隔墙和财产并用围栏围着，所有这些都对年轻的居民施加了新的限制。他也必须进入这个神奇的关系圈，了解健康和疾病，对伤害的恐惧，对外在美好的渴望，以及财富和权力的魅力。也就是说，人们应该要学习自然法则，因为文明的未来取决于人类对自然规律的了解。选项B符合原文。

7.单选题

Itbestowstheabilitytoovercomelaziness,temptationsandnegativehabits,andtocarryoutactions,eveniftheyrequireeffort,areunpleasantandtediousorcontrarytoone’shabit.

问题1选项

A.monotonous

B.interesting

C.entertaining

D.equitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项monotonous“单调的，千篇一律的，因单调令人厌烦的”；B选项interesting“有趣的，有意思的”；C选项entertaining“令人愉快的，有趣的”；D选项equitable“公平的，公正的”。句意：它赋予人们克服懒惰、诱惑和消极习惯的能力，并且能够采取行动，即使这些行动需要付出努力，是令人不快的、乏味的或与自己的习惯相反的。Tedious“沉闷的；冗长乏味的”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。

8.案例题

PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen-theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.

Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.

Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach-arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.

ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.

Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyMannaz,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement-atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.

1.Whatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?

A.Greaterdiversity.

B.Intellectualmaturity.

C.Exceptionaldiligence.

D.Higherambition.

2.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?

A.Itwillarousestudents'unrealisticexpectations.

B.Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.

C.Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills.

D.Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation.

3.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?

A.Ageandeducationalbackground.

B.Socialandprofessionalexperience.

C.Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.

D.Ethnicoriginandgender.

4.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammesshouldconsiderrecruiting?

A.Applicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinesscompanies.

B.Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics.

C.Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.

D.Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas.

5.WhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?

A.Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement.

B.Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside.

C.Itadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel.

D.Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.

【答案】1.A

2.B

3.C

4.C

5.D

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，以前的NBA讲堂是典型的男性，中产阶级和西方人为主，而现在也能看到很多女性，还有来自不同国家和不同种族的人。这说明现在商学院学生人口的特点是多样性，选项A正确。

2.

根据第二段的最后一句“Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.”选项B符合原文。

3.

根据第三段“AccordingtoValerieGblemsolvingabilities.”目前，候选人的选拔标准相当狭窄，比如先前的学业和职业表现，以及分析和解决问题的能力。说明ValerieGauthier最看重的是社会经历和工作经验。

4.

根据第四段的内容可知，商学院不应仅仅从银行、咨询和工业等传统行业中挑选候选人。他们还应该寻找具有政治科学、创意艺术、历史或哲学等领域背景的个人，这些领域将使他们能够将商业决策置于更广泛的背景中。选项C符合原文。

5.根据最后一段“Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels...”大公司对更多的合作管理模式越来越感兴趣，选项D正确。

9.翻译题

Mytopictodayis“TheCarandAirPollution.”Inparticular,Iwantfirstlytodiscussthewaysinwhichthecarcausesairpollution;andsecondly,howwecancontrolorreduceairpollutionfromthecar.

First,then,howdoesthecarcauseairpollution?1.Whathappensisthatthecar’sinternalcombustionengineisakindofchemicalfactoryonasmallscale.Itusesamixtureofpetrolandair,andthismixtureexplodesandburns,toproducetheenergywhichpropelsthecar.2.Butwhilethisishappening,manycomplicatedchemicalreactionsaretakingplace.Inparticular,partofthepetrol-airmixtureisnotcompletelyburnedup,andsotheexhaustgasesfromtheenginecontainsomeverydangerouschemicals,suchascarbonmonoxide,nitrogenoxides,leadandhydrocarbons.

Thisisthesituation,then,andit’sgoingtogetmuchworse,unlesswedosomethingaboutit.Solet’sfocusourattentionnowonwaysofcontrollingorreducingtheamountofairpollutioncausedbythecar.

First,wecandiscouragetheuseofcars.Forexample,wecanputhighertaxesonpetrol,andoncarsthemselves,especiallyonlargeronesthatusealotofpetrol.

3.Second,wecanencouragealternativemethodsoftransport,bothbetweenandwithinurbanareas.Forinstance,wecanmaketrainandbusservicescheaperandmoreconvenient.Andwecanbuildamasstransitsysteminlargecities,particularlyanundergroundrailwaysystem.

Next,wecanuseadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine.

Fourth,wecanreplacetheinternalcombustionenginewithotherdesigns.Thereareseveralpossibilitiesbeingresearchedatpresent,suchaselectric,gasturbine,and“steam”enginesgasturbine,andsteamengines.However,eachofthesedesignshasitsowndisadvantages.

4.Lastbutnottheleast,wearetryingtocontroltheemissionsfromtheinternalcombustionenginemuchmorestrictly.This,forexample,isacatalytic(催化式)converter,whichconvertsthemostdangerousingredientsofthecarexhaustintowaterandharmlessgases.

AsI’msureyoucansee,thereareproblemswitheachoftheseways;butatleastthey’reastepintherightdirection.Probablythebestanswerisasynthesisofallfive.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）汽车导致空气污染是因为汽车内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。内燃机所用的燃料是汽油和空气的混合物。这种混合物燃爆后产生驱动力。

（2）但是，汽油同空气燃爆时，许多复杂的化学反应也同时发生。特别值得注意的是，汽油和空气混合物不能完全燃烧，发动机产生的各种废气含有一些非常有害的化学物质。

（3）第二，我们可以鼓励在城市内部和城市之间使用替代的交通工具。比如，我们可以使火车和公共汽车服务更加廉价和便利。我们可以在大城市建立公交系统，特别是地铁系统。

（4）最后，我们正在尝试更加严格地控制内燃机释放的气体。比如，催化式排气净化器，它将汽车废气中最危险的成分转变成水和无害气体。

10.写作题

Directions:“GoWest,YoungMan”wasapopularsayingofthe19centuryintheUnitedStates,referringtoopportunitiesonthefrontier.TodayinChina,thereisalsoagreatneedforpatrioticandenergeticyoungpeopletogowestandmakecontributionstothewesternregiondevelopment.WriteontheAnswerSheetanessayofabout150wordstodiscussthesignificanceofthedevelopmentofWestChina.ThesuggestedtitleisGoWest,RevitalizeOurNation.

【答案】GoWest,RevitalizeOurNation

ThewesternregiondevelopmentisakeymovetheStateCouncilhastaken,toachievethebalanceandco-ordinatedevelopmentofeconomyinthedifferenceregionalloverChina.Itcancontributetonationalemploymentaswellaseconomicgrowthofthewesternregion.Therefore,thewesternregionisingreatneedforanarmyoftalentswhowillbededicatedtotheiryouthandblood,inparticular,earlierstageofdevelopment.

Forthewesternprogressandprosperity,youngpeopleshouldcatchthechancetobecomepioneersthereandtoachievetheirownvalueratherthanenjoygoodlivingconditionincities.Thereexistavarietyofresourcestoberequiredforexploitingandutilizing.Thereitisfullofbusinessopportunitiestodemonstrateyourabilityandmakeyourdreamcometrue.

Ifyouareafreshgraduate,ifyouaspiretodobigthings,ifyoucommityourselftorevitalizingournation,gotothewesternregionwhereitsdevelopmentcan4carryonwithoutyourknowledge,enthusiasmanddevotion.Thewestcallsforyou!Youngpeople.

11.单选题

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEngl