考研考博-英语-云南中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.案例题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可以看出，美国民众和经济学家们对移民影响的看法不同。选项D正确。选项A，科学家们已经给出了自己的看法，不存在困扰一说；选项B美国经济过去因移民而得以繁荣，在第一段并没有提及；选项C经济学家们认为应该鼓励移民，在第一段中也没有信息提及。

2.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以当地低技能工人受移民影响最大的原因是他们很难找到一份收入体面的工作。

4.

根据第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项D符合原文。

5.

根据最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有讽刺意味的是，外界所有过度兴奋的辩论，对移民的影响却微乎其微。选项C人们对某些影响很小的事情其实有些小题大做了，符合原文。

2.翻译题

Whichwouldyouchoose:anonlinecoursedeliveredbyoneoftheworld’smostknowledgeableinstructors,supportedbyawardwinningdocumentaryfilmmakersandateamofgraduateteachingassistants,orthesamecoursetaughtinpersonbyanaverageinstructor?Differentstudentswouldofcoursechoosedifferently.Butthereisamplereasontobelievethatexperiencewiththefirstoptionwouldeventuallyleadasubstantialproportionofstudentstopreferit,eveniftheywerechargedthesameamountforeitherapproach.Butbecauseofeconomiesofscale,theremoteoptionwouldenjoyasubstantialcostadvantage.AsPhilipCookwroteinhis1995book,“TheWinner-Take-AllSociety,”thesearepreciselytheconditionsthatgiverisetowinner-take-allmarkets.Astechnologyhasexpandedthereachofthemostableperformers,theyhavebeencapturingeverlargersharesofworldwidemarketsacrossahostofdomains.

【答案】你会选择哪一种课程：是由世界上最有知识的导师之一讲授，由获奖纪录片制片人和研究生助教团队支持的在线课程，还是由一名普通教师亲自教授的课程？不同的学生当然会做出不同的选择。但我们有充足的理由相信，第一种选择的经验最终会让相当一部分学生更喜欢它，即使这两种方式收取的费用相同。但由于规模经济，远程选项将享有巨大的成本优势。正如菲利普•库克在他1995年的著作《赢者通吃的社会》中所写的那样，正是这些条件催生了赢者通吃的市场。随着科技扩大了最有能力的执行者的范围，他们在许多领域的全球市场中占据了越来越大的份额。

3.单选题

Momflippedher（）whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

问题1选项

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美国俚语，意为发怒，发火，失去控制，变得狂热，大发脾气。句意：妈妈发现我怀孕后大发雷霆。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballeris（1）asamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimis（2）andhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.

Tounderstandhowthis（3）hastakenplacewemustbrieflylook（4）ourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery（5）dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,became（6）changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers（7）prey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.

Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,afterthis（8）longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,（9）puttoanewuse—thatofpenning,controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesof（10）werenolongeressentialforsurvival.

问题1选项

A.exhibited

B.displayed

C.paraded

D.revealed

问题2选项

A.accurate

B.inaccurate

C.comfortable

D.uncomfortable

问题3选项

A.transformation

B.transmission

C.transaction

D.transition

问题4选项

A.at

B.up

C.into

D.on

问题5选项

A.image

B.pledge

C.survival

D.appeal

问题6选项

A.restrictively

B.radically

C.practically

D.exclusively

问题7选项

A.and

B.or

C.but

D.so

问题8选项

A.immensely

B.immerse

C.imminently

D.permanent

问题9选项

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.are

问题10选项

A.hunting

B.farming

C.killing

D.penning

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:A

第10题:A

【解析】1.考查动词辨析。A选项exhibited“表现出；展览”；B选项displayed“陈列；展示；表露（特点、素质、情感）”；C选项paraded“（为使自己获益而）展示；游行”；D选项revealed“透露；揭露”。句意：从生物学角度来看，现代足球运动员______是伪装的狩猎群体中的一员。根据语境，这里是生物学的角度显示出现代足球运动员是伪装的狩猎者，D选项revealed“透露；揭露”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

2.考查形容词辨析。A选项accurate“准确的；精确的”；B选项inaccurate“不准确的”；C选项comfortable“舒服的”；D选项uncomfortable“不舒服的”。句意：如果他目标______，并且得分，会享受类似猎人杀死猎物取得胜利的感觉。根据语境，这里指足球运动员踢进足球赢得分数，A选项accurate“准确的；精确的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.考查名词辨析。A选项transformation“转变；（彻底的）变化”；B选项transmission“传送；传播”；C选项transaction“交易”；D选项transition“转型；（逐渐地）转向”。句意：为了理解这种______是如何发生的。根据文章第一句可知体育活动本质上是狩猎行为的改良，所以体育活动是从狩猎行为演变而来，A选项transformation“转变；（彻底的）变化”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.考查固定搭配。A选项lookat“看；考虑；着眼于”；B选项lookup“查阅；（久别后）拜访”；C选项lookinto“观察；调查；浏览”；D选项lookon“看待；视作”。句意：我们必须简略地______我们的祖先。根据语境，这里是指看看我们的祖先的具体情况，A选项lookat“看；考虑；着眼于”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.考查名词辨析。A选项image“想象”；B选项pledge“诺言；抵押”；C选项survival“幸存”；D选项appeal“上诉；吸引力”。句意：他们的______取决于在猎场上的成功。根据语境，这里指在猎场上成功捕到猎物让他们生存下来，C选项survival“幸存”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.考查副词辨析。A选项restrictively“限制性地”；B选项radically“从根本上，彻底地”；C选项practically“实事求是地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地，专有地”。句意：在这种压力下，他们的整个生活方式，甚至他们的身体，都发生了______变化。根据上文，这里指成功捕猎才能存活的压力让我们的祖先发生了变化，以及下一句中交代的追逐、赛跑、跳高、瞄准、投掷等，可知这是生活方式和身体上质的变化，B选项radically“从根本上；彻底地”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

7.考查连词辨析。A选项and“和”；B选项or“或者”；C选项but“但是”；D选项so“所以”。句意：他们成为追逐者、赛跑者、跳高者、瞄准者、投掷者______捕食者。根据语境，这里表示并列，包含这里列出的所有身份，A选项and“和”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.考查词义辨析。A选项immensely“极其地；非常地”；B选项immerse“使浸没于；沉浸在”；C选项imminently“紧急地；迫切地”；D选项permanent“永恒的”。句意：然后，大约一万年前，在经历了______漫长的狩猎形成时期之后，他们成为了农民。根据语境，这里的一万年非常久，A选项immensely“极其地，非常地”修饰long“长的”比较合理。因此A选项正确。

9.考查主谓一致。句意：他们的智力提高了，这对它们以前的狩猎生活至关重要，现在智力又有了新的用途——圈养、控制和驯养猎物。根据主语是intelligence确定谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，根据动作发生在以前确定用一般过去时，所以A选项was正确，其余选项语法错误。因此A选项正确。

10.考查名词辨析。A选项hunting“捕猎”；B选项farming“耕作”；C选项killing“谋杀”；D选项penning“用石块铺砌”。句意：______的风险和不确定性不再是生存的必要条件。根据上文，捕猎是生存的必要条件，A选项hunting“捕猎”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Suicide.

B.Obesity.

C.Turmoil.

D.Drugabuse.

问题2选项

A.Preventable.

B.Destructive.

C.Treatable.

D.Curable.

问题3选项

A.Combiningantidepressantsandtalktherapy.

B.Promotingthetransmissionbetweenneurons.

C.Winningparentalassistanceandsupport.

D.Administeringeffectiveantidepressants.24.

问题4选项

A.Becauseitaddstotheeffectoftreatment.

B.Becauseitworksbetterthanthemedications.

C.Becauseitcantaketheplaceofantidepressants.

D.Becauseithelpsreducetheuseofantidepressants.25.

问题5选项

A.65percent.

B.75percent.

C.85percent.

D.95percent.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】(21)Suicideisaveryrealriskforyoungpeoplewhosufferfromclinicaldepression.Infactduringthepasttwoyearssuicidehasincreasedamongyouthsbetweentheagesof10and19,buttherearen'ttreatmentsthatcanhelp.(22)(23)Researchersshowthatthemosteffectivetreatmentisthecombinationofanti-depressionandtalktherapy.Anti-depressantsworkbyincreasingchemical—whichfacilitatecommunicationsbetweenneuronsinthebrainAnti-depressantsarethemosteffectivetreatmentformostadults.Butwhenitcomestoteenagers,it’snotenough.”SaysdoctorR,apsychiatrist.With—universitymedicalcenter.13ageyearsarefullofturmoil,emotionsandchanges.Andtherearefamilyconflictsandconflictswithrelationshipthatcancontributetodistressinadolescentssays.Andanti-depressantmedicationsmaynotbeabletodealwithallofthoseproblems,"psychotherapy,specificallyproblem-behavioraltherapyneedtobecombined,"hesays.(24)(25)Inhisrecentmajorstudy,withthetherapyinusealongwithanti-depressants.75%ofkidsarereportedfeelingbetterandlesssuicidalafter3monthprobablybecausetheproblem-behavioraltherapytacklethinkingandfeelinginaveryparticularwaythatmedicinesmaynot.Andinparticularsuicidalcase.Itintervenesinapositiveway.Say.doctorF,apsychiatristwith—inthemedicalcollege.

21.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

【解析】从首句可知：对于临床抑郁症的年轻人来讲，他们非常有可能自杀。因此本文的主要内容是讲如何治疗抑郁从而避免自杀的风险。故A为正确选项。

22.Towhatextentcantheproblembedealtwith?

【解析】通过文章中的“researchersshowthatthemosteffectivetreatmentisthecombinationofanti-depressionandtalktherapy”（研究表明，最有效的治疗方式是抗抑郁和谈话治疗的结合），由此可知，临床抑郁症是可治疗的。故本题选C。

23.Whatwayisthebetteralternativenowtotreattheproblems?

【解析】通过上题解析可知，A项正确。

24.Whyshouldtalktherapybecombined?

【解析】通过录音中可知，75%的青少年都在使用心理疗法（psychotherapy）之后，感觉会好一些，自杀的冲动也会减轻。因此，心理疗法可以与药物疗法同时使用，因为能增加后者的效果。故本题选A。

25.Whatisthepercentageofthekidswhofeelbetterafterthecombinedtherapy?

【解析】该数字应为75%。

6.单选题

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust（）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

问题1选项

A.improve

B.enhance

C.gear

D.guarantee

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项improve“改善，增加”；B选项enhance“提高，加强”；C选项gear“使...适合”，后面通常接介词to；D选项guarantee“担保，保证”。句意：为了在国家间激烈的贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使我们生产的产品的质量和种类适应世界市场的需求。选项C更符合语境。

7.翻译题

中国政府承诺将通过引进区域气候改善项目，关闭小煤窑和发电厂以及继续对商业排放进行实验的举措，来进一步实现绿色环保的目标。在中央及各地方政府的努力下，2008年中国在节能减排方面取得一定成效。2月份国家统计局的年度报告显示，2008年中国的能耗下降了4.59%，略高于统计局之前降幅约4.21%的估计。但是数据显示两大污染物SO2和COD同2005年的水平相比，分别下降了7%和5%。根据十一五计划，到2010年，工业用水的需求量将比2005年下降20%，而森林覆盖率将占到全国面积的20%，比2005年上涨18.2%。

【答案】【参考译文】TheChinesegovernmentpromisestofurtherachievethegoalofgreenandenvironmentalprotectionthroughintroducingprojectsforimprovingregionalclimate,shuttingdownsmallcoalminesandpowerplantsandalsocontinuingtoexperimentwithcommercialemissions.Undertheeffortsofthecentralandlocalgovernments,Chinahasmadecertainachievementsintheaspectofenergyconservationandemissionsreductionin2008.TheannualreportmadebytheNationalBureauofStatisticsinFebruaryshowedthatChina’senergyconsumptiondroppedby4.59%in2008,slightlyhigherthanthedeclineofabout4.21%previouslyestimatedbytheNationalBureauofStatistics.ButthedataindicatedthattheemissionamountofthetwomajorpollutantsSO2andCODfellby7%and5%respectivelycomparedwiththosein2005.Accordingtothe11thfive-yearplan,by2010,thedemandforindustrialwaterwillbe20%lowerthanthatin2005,buttherateofforestcoveragewillaccountfor20%ofthenationalterritoryarea,rising18.2%thanthatin2005.

8.不定项选择题

Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.

Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyhassles.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoffillness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.

Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistractingusfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—afinancialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.

1.Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecause______.

2.Researchshowsthatpeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth______.

3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“cushions”(Para.3)?

4.Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleof______.

5.Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat______.

问题1选项

A.theyareindispensabletopeople’ssocialwell-being

B.theywakenpeople’sdesiretoexchangeresources

C.theyhelppeopletocopewithlifeintheinformationera

D.theycancurearangeofillnessessuchasheartdisease,etc.

问题2选项

A.reliesonthesocialwelfaresystemswhichsupportthem

B.hasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothers

C.dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroubles

D.iscloselyrelatedtotheirstrengthforcopingwithmajorchangesintheirlives

问题3选项

A.Addsupto.

B.Doesawaywith.

C.Lessenstheeffectof.

D.Laysthefoundationfor.

问题4选项

A.instrumentalsupport

B.informationalsupport

C.socialcompanionship

D.thestrengtheningofself-respect

问题5选项

A.ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelatives

B.itenablesustoeliminateourfaultsandmistakes

C.itmakesourleisure-timeactivitiesmoreenjoyable

D.itdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroubles

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecause______.1.人际关系很重要，因为______。

A.theyareindispensabletopeople’ssocialwell-beingA.它们对人们的社会福祉不可或缺

B.theywakenpeople’sdesiretoexchangeresourcesB.它们唤醒了人们交换资源的欲望

C.theyhelppeopletocopewithlifeintheinformationeraC.他们帮助人们应对信息时代的生活

D.theycancurearangeofillnessessuchasheartdisease,etc.D.他们能治疗一系列的疾病，如心脏病等。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“由于我们是社会人，我们的生活质量在很大程度上取决于我们的人际关系”可知，人际关系对我们的生活质量很重要，A项“它们对人们的社会福祉不可或缺”与之相近，故该题选择A项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“它们唤醒了人们交换资源的欲望”，原文只提到资源交换是社会支持的一部分，文中没有提到人际关系促进交换资源，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“他们帮助人们应对信息时代的生活”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；

D项“他们能治疗一系列的疾病，如心脏病等”，根据第二段最后一句“社会支持的存在有助于人们抵御疾病……”可知，人际关系只是帮助预防疾病，不能治愈疾病，该项属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

2.Researchshowsthatpeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth______.2.研究表明人们的身心健康______。

A.reliesonthesocialwelfaresystemswhichsupportthemA.依靠支持他们的社会福利体系

B.hasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothersB.和他们从别人那里得到的支持有很大关系

C.dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroublesC.取决于他们处理日常担忧和烦恼的能力

D.iscloselyrelatedtotheirstrengthforcopingwithmajorchangesintheirlivesD.与他们应对生活中重大变化的能力密切相关

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据关键词research定位至第二段最后一句“对从抑郁症到心脏病等一系列疾病的研究表明，社会支持的存在有助于人们抵御疾病，而缺乏这种支持则更有可能导致健康状况不佳”理解可知，人们的身心健康和社会支持有很大的关系，B项“和他们从别人那里得到的支持有很大关系”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“依靠支持他们的社会福利体系”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；

C项“取决于他们处理日常担忧和烦恼的能力”，第二段第一句提到有社会支持的人似乎更能应付日常的烦恼，和人们的身心健康无关，该项属于出处错位；

D项“与他们应对生活中重大变化的能力密切相关”，根据第二段第一句“我们这些有强大支持系统的人似乎（appear）更能应付重大的生活变化和日常的烦恼”可知，应对生活中重大变化的能力并不是研究得出的结论，该项属于出处错位。

3.【选项释义】

3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“cushions”(Para.3)?3.下列哪项在意思上最接近第三段的词“cushions”？

A.Addsupto.A.总计为

B.Doesawaywith.B.消除

C.Lessenstheeffectof.C.减少……的效果

D.Laysthefoundationfor.D.奠定基础

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第一句“社会支持可以从很多方面cushion压力”，结合下文提到社会支持能加强自尊、提供信息支持、满足社会需求与分散我们的忧虑和烦恼、以及提供物质支持，综合理解可以推断，社会支持可以缓解压力，cushion表示的是“缓解”，C项“减少……的效果”与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A项“总计为”、B项“消除”、D项“奠定基础”词义都不符合，这三项属于曲解原文。

4.【选项释义】

4.Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleof______.4.帮助生病的邻居做一些维修工作是______的一个例子。

A.instrumentalsupportA.物质支持

B.informationalsupportB.信息支持

C.socialcompanionshipC.社会交往

D.thestrengtheningofself-respectD.自尊加强

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“最后，其他人可能给我们提供物质支持——经济援助、物质资源和所需服务——通过帮助我们解决和处理问题来减轻我们的压力”可知，经济援助、物质资源和提供所需服务都是物质支持，帮助生病的邻居做一些维修工作是提供所需服务，属于物质支持，故该题选择A项“物质支持”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】B项“信息支持”、C项“社会交往”和D项“自尊加强”都属于出处错位。

5.【选项释义】

5.Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat______.5.社会交往是有益的，因为______。

A.ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelativesA.它有助于加强我们与亲戚之间的联系

B.itenablesustoeliminateourfaultsandmistakesB.它使我们能够消除我们的缺点和错误

C.itmakesourleisure-timeactivitiesmoreenjoyableC.它使我们的休闲活动更加愉快

D.itdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroublesD.它把我们的注意力从忧虑和烦恼中转移开

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段倒数第二句和第三句“第三，我们通常会发现社会交往是有帮助的。与他人一起参加休闲活动能帮助我们满足社会需求，同时也能分散我们的忧虑和烦恼。”理解可知，社会交往能分散我们的忧虑和烦恼，该题选择D项“它把我们的注意力从忧虑和烦恼中转移开”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“它有助于加强我们与亲戚之间的联系”是社会支持其中一方面的好处，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；

B项“它使我们能够消除我们的缺点和错误”和C项“它使我们的休闲活动更加愉快”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。

9.单选题

In1923theinnovativeRussianfilmmakerDzigaVertovdescribedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld.”Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.Yetfilmsonarthavenothadapowerfulandpervasiveeffectonthewaywesee.

Publicationsonartflourish,butthesebooksandarticlesdonotnecessarilysucceedinteachingustoseemoredeeplyormoreclearly.Muchwritinginarthistoryadvancesthediscourseinthefieldbutisunlikelytoinformtheeyeofoneunfamiliarwithitspolemics.Films,however,withtheircapacitytopresentmaterialvisuallyandtoreachabroaderaudience,havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracy(theabilitytoidentifythedetailsthatcharacterizeaparticularstyle)moreeffectivelythanpublicationscan.Unfortunately,fewofthehundredorsofilmsonartthataremadeeachyearintheUnitedStatesarebroadcastnationallyonprime-timetelevision.

Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.Someoftheseshortcomingscanbeattributedtothefailureofarthistoriansandfilmmakerstocollaboratecloselyenoughwhenmakingfilmsonart.Theseprofessionalsareable,withintheirrespectivedisciplines,toincreaseourawarenessofvisualforms.Forclosecollaborationtooccur,professionalsineachdisciplineneedtorecognizethatfilmsonartcanbebotheducationalandentertaining,butthiswillrequirecompromiseonbothsides.Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.Filmmakersneedtoresisttheimpulsetomovethecameraquicklyfromdetailtodetailforfearofboringtheviewer,toframetheimageforthesakeofdramaalone,toadmusicforfearofsilence.Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentrationand,atthesametime,areconcernedthatitmaynotbecompellingenough-andsotheyhopetoprovidereliefbyinterposing“real”scenesthatbearonlyatangentialrelationshiptothesubject.Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords,butalsobydirectingtheviewer’sgaze.Thespecializedwrittenlanguageofarthistoryneedstoberelinquishedoratleasttemperedforthescreen.Onlyaneffectivecollaborationbetweenfilmmakersandarthistorianscancreatefilmsthatwillenhanceviewers’perceptionsofart.

1.Thepassagesuggeststhatafilmmakerdesiringtoenhanceviewers’perceptionsofartshoulddowhichofthefollowing?

2.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoVertovinthefirstparagraphmostprobablyinorderto

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfilmandvisualliteracy?

6.Accordingtothepassage,arthistoriansdesiringtoworkwithfilmmakerstoenhancethepublic’sappreciationofartneedtoacknowledgewhichofthefollowing?

7.Whichofthefollowingwoulddescribetheauthor’smostlikelyreactiontoaclaimthatfilmsonartwouldmoresuccessfullypromotevisualliteracyiftheyfollowedthestandardssetforrockvideos?

问题1选项

A.Relyonthepreciselanguageofarthistorywhendevelopingscriptsforfilmsonart.

B.Relyondramaticnarrativeandmusictosetafilm’stoneandstyle.

C.Recognizethataworkofartbyitselfcanbecompellingenoughtoholdaviewer’sattention.

D.Dependmorestronglyonnarrationinsteadofcameramovementstoguidetheviewer’sgaze.

问题2选项

A.provideanexampleofhowfilmscanbeusedtoinfluenceperceptions

B.presentevidencetosupporttheargumentthatfilmshavebeenusedsuccessfullytoinfluenceviewers’perceptions

C.introducethenotionthatfilmcaninfluencehowviewerssee

D.contrastatraditionalviewoftheusesoffilmwithamoremodemview

问题3选项

A.Anobservationaboutanunsatisfactorysituationisoffered,thereasonsforthesituationarediscussed,andthenwaystochangeitaresuggested.

B.Twoopinionsregardingacontroversialphenomenonarecontrasted,supportingevidenceforeachispresented,andthenthetwoopinionsarereconciled.

C.Criticismofapointofviewisdiscussed,thecriticismisanswered,andthenthecriticismisappliedtoanotherpointofview.

D.Apointofviewisdescribed,evidencesupportingtheviewisprovided,andthenasummaryispresented.

问题4选项

A.discussingwhyfilm’spotentialasamediumforpresentingarttothegeneralpublichasnotbeenfullyrealizedandhowfilmmightbemademoreeffectiveinthisregard

B.discussingtheshortcomingsoffilmsonartandthetechnologicalinnovationsrequiredtoincreasetheimpactoffilmonvisualliteracy

C.discussingtheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofusingfilmsratherthanpublicationstopresentworksofarttothegeneralpublic

D.presentinginformationtosupporttheviewthatfilmsonartmustfocusmoreoneducationandlessonentertainmentinordertoincreasevisualliteracy.

问题5选项

A.Readingapublicationaboutaworkofartandthenseeingafilmaboutthesameworkisthemosteffectivewaytodevelopvisualliteracy.

B.Anincreaseinaviewer’sawarenessofvisualformswillalsoleadtoanincreasedattentionspan.

C.Filmhasagreatbutnotyetfullyexploitedcapacitytoincreaseviewers’awarenessofvisualforms.

D.Afilmthatfocusesonthedetailsofaworkofartwillhinderthedevelopmentofvisualliteracy.

问题6选项

A.Thearthistorian’sroleinthecreationofafilmonartislikelytobearelativelyminorone.

B.Filmcanusenonverbalmeanstoachievesomeofthesameresultsthataspokenorwrittendiscoursecanachieve.

C.Anin-depthanalysisofaworkofartisnotanappropriatetopicforafilmonart.

D.Althoughsilencemaybeanappropriateback-groundwhenviewingaworkofartinamuseum,itisinappropriateinafilm.