考研考博-英语-云南现代职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南现代职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ⅵ.(Jurisprudence)

Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.Iwasquiteclear,asGreenberg’sdiscussionreveals,aboutwhatImeantbyit,andsotherealquestioniswhetheranyoneiscommittedtoaFoundationalistStoryaboutthetheoryofadjudication.Greenberg,however,makesthesurprisingclaimthatnooneissocommitted.RecognizingthatDworkinisonepossibletargetoftheRealistcritiqueasIreconstructit,Greenbergclaimsthat“theright-answerthesisisnotcentraltoDworkin’sproject.”Theright-answerthesis—theideathateverycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw—wouldbeanexampleofaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication,andsotheRealistcritiquewouldthenhaveapotent,livingtarget.WhenGreenbergclaimstheFoundationalistaspectofDworkin’stheoryisn’tcentralheisnotmakingaclaimabouttheamountofeffortDworkindevotestodefendingtheright-answerthesis,whichisobviouslysubstantial.Greenberg’srealclaimisthattheDworkinofLaw’sEmpireisnotnecessarilycommittedtotheright-answerthesis.IratheragreewithGreenbergthatDworkin“ismostconcernedtoestablish...thatlawdependsinaparticularwayonmorality”andthat“theright-answerthesis...isadownstreamconsequenceofhisoveralltheoryoflawinconjunctionwithhisviewaboutmorality”.Sofar,thisisjustacomplicatedadmissionthatDworkinacceptsaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication;thebestGreenbergcandoistoassert“thatmostofDworkin’sargumentscouldsucceedconsistentwiththefalsityoftheright-answerthesis.”GreenbergdoesnotshowthatthisisDworkin’sview,anditiscertainlynotDworkin’sviewinhisearlywork,sincethe“retroactivity”objectiontolegalpositivismturns,quiteclearly,onthetruthoftheright-answerthesis.GreenbergmaybecorrectthatonecouldhaveaviewaboutthenatureofmoralitydifferentthanDworkin’sandgiveuptheright-answerthesis:JohnMackiewouldbeacaseinpoint,thoughnottheoneGreenberghasinmind,andnotoneDworkinwouldbehappywith.ButnoneofthischangesthefactthattheactualRonaldDworkinholdsatheoryofadjudicationinvolvingtheFoundationalistStorybecauseheholdsaparticularviewaboutlawandmorality.

71.Greenbergpronouncestheuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”.Theauthorrebutthecomment____.

72.Theessenceoftheright-answerthesisisthat___.

73.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecanknowthat___.

74.Readingthewholeparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?

问题1选项

A.cynically

B.byfightingback

C.withdisagreement

D.withagreement

问题2选项

A.nooneiscommittedtoaFoundationalistStoryaboutthetheoryofadjudication

B.itisnotcentraltoDworkin’sproject

C.itisapotent,livingtargetoftheRealistcritique

D.everycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw

问题3选项

A.GreenburgdidnotthinkofJohnMackie

B.JohnMackiegaveuptheright-answerthesis

C.DworkinwasnothappywithJohnMackie

D.JohnMackiedecidedacase,whichreflectsGreenburg’stheory

问题4选项

A.Theauthorisbasicallyafoundationalistscholar.

B.TheauthorisarguingwithMr.Greenburg.

C.TheauthordoesnotagreewithDworkingtheory.

D.Greenburgmaybecorrectinoneaspect.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】71.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文开头Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.（格林伯格宣布我使用的短语“审判理论”是“不寻常的”，恐怕我只能用一个限定词来回敬：“审判理论”根本没有标准用法，因此，似乎有通常意义的写作本身就是“不寻常的”）可知作者是通过提出自己的观点来反驳格林伯格的观点，选B选项“通过反击”；A选项“冷笑”，C选项“与之有分歧”以及D选项“与之协议”都不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

72.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“theright-answer”定位到原文Theright-answerthesis—theideathateverycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw—wouldbeanexampleofaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication,andsotheRealistcritiquewouldthenhaveapotent,livingtarget.（正确答案命题——即每个案例在法律问题上都有正确答案的想法——将是一个关于裁决的基础主义故事的例子，因此现实主义批判就有了一个有力的、活生生的目标）可知选D选项“作为一项法律问题，每个案例都有正确答案”，同时可知A选项“没有人致力于一个关于裁决理论的基础主义故事”，C选项“它是现实主义批判的一个有力的、活生生的目标”错误，并不是正确答案命题的本质；B选项“这不是德沃金项目的中心”也不能回答正确答案命题的本质这个问题，排除。因此D选项正确。

73.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到划线句子部分GreenbergmaybecorrectthatonecouldhaveaviewaboutthenatureofmoralitydifferentthanDworkin’sandgiveuptheright-answerthesis:JohnMackiewouldbeacaseinpoint,thoughnottheoneGreenberghasinmind,andnotoneDworkinwouldbehappywith.（格林伯格可能是正确的，人们可以有一个不同于德沃金的关于道德本质的观点，并放弃正确答案的论点：约翰•麦凯将是一个恰当的例子，尽管不是格林伯格心目中的那个，也不是德沃金会满意的）可以判断出德沃金对约翰•麦凯不太满意，选C选项“德沃金对约翰•麦基不满意”；A选项“格林伯格没有想到约翰•麦基”和原文相悖；B选项“约翰•麦基放弃了正确答案的论点”划线句子未涉及，排除；D选项“约翰•麦基决定了一个案件，这反映了格林伯格的理论”和原文相悖。因此C选项符合题意。

74.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。阅读原文可知作者只是在客观的评价各个学者的观点，而不是基础主义方法论者，选A选项“作者基本上是一位基础主义学者”；根据原文Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.（格林伯格宣布我使用的短语“审判理论”是“不寻常的”，恐怕我只能用一个限定词来回敬：“审判理论”根本没有标准用法，因此，似乎有通常意义的写作本身就是“不寻常的”）可知B选项“作者正在和格林伯格先生争论”符合原文；由原文IratheragreewithGreenbergthatDworkin“ismostconcernedtoestablish...thatlawdependsinaparticularwayonmorality”andthat“theright-answerthesis...isadownstreamconsequenceofhisoveralltheoryoflawinconjunctionwithhisviewaboutmorality”.（我相当同意格林伯格的观点，即德沃金“最关心的是确定……法律以一种特定的方式依赖于道德”，“正确答案理论……是他整体法律理论和他关于道德的观点的下游结果”）可知C选项“作者不同意德沃金理论”，作者认为德沃金的理论是下游结果，以及D选项“在某一方面，格林伯格可能是正确的”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

ThereareAmericanswhovisitFranceandcomebacksaying“theFrencharesorude.”Ifeeldifferently.IthinkAmericansperceiveFrenchbehavior“rude”becauseitdoesn'tfollowAmericanrules.Youcan'tassumethateveryoneinFranceshouldspeakEnglish.Youcan'tapproachaFrenchstrangerwithabigAmericanhelloand“howareyou”andexpectthemtorespondinkind.However,ifyoulookthemintheeye,giveaslightnodwithagentlehello,theywillrespondfavorably.

MostFrenchpeopleImeetaresubtleanddignified.Theyarenotloud,andtheyarereservedintheirexpressions.Weliketosaywordslike“great”,“magnificent”,or“marvelous”TheFrenchwillsay“pasmal”(notbad)eveniftheywinthelottery!AndyouwillbewrongifyouthinkEuropeansdon'thavetheirownnegativeideaofAmericans.MostyoungEuropeansI'vemetviewAmericansas“fake”andloud,sincewedotendtohavebighellosandsmilesforstrangersandask“howareyou”andwalkawaybeforearesponse.WeshouldmakeaconsciousefforttoshowtheFrenchthatwecanadjusttooursurroundings,andthatwedon'texpecttoenteraforeigncountryandhaveeverythingbejustaswewishittobe.

Iwasn’tabletocompletelyforgetmyAmericanrootsduringmystay.Iwasstilltheonegettingstrangelookswearingmysandalsinthecold(withsocksofcourse).Iwasstilltheonewiththeloudestlaugh.AndIcouldneverquitegetmyvoicetothatlevelwhichis“loudenoughforthewaitertohearbutnotnearbydiners”IwillalwaysfeelabitlikeanawkwardteenagerasIstumblemywayaroundEurope.IwasveryluckyinthatmyFrenchfriendsinsistedmyAmericanidiosyncrasies(习性)werecharminganddeservingofacceptance.

SolookattheFrenchinanewlight.Theyhavearichculture,arichpast.Icanattesttothefactthatifyouarekindandpolite,youwillgainfriends,andperhapsevenimproveforeignrelations!

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesAmericansthinkthattheFrencharerude?

2.ComparedwithAmericans,theFrenchtendto（）whentheygivecompliments.

3.Whichoftheflowingdoestheauthorprobablyagree?

4.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbebestputasto（）.

问题1选项

A.ThewayFrenchpeoplegreetstrangersinpublicisimpoliteandunkind.

B.ThewayFrenchpeoplebehavediffersfromwhatAmericansareusedto.

C.FewFrenchholdafriendlyorfavorableattitudetowardEnglishspeakers.

D.FewFrenchrespondtostrangersgentleandkindgreetingsfavorably.

问题2选项

A.speakataloudanddignifiedvoice

B.avoidusingnegativeexpressions

C.choosesubtleandmoderateexpressions

D.begenerousandsomewhatexaggerating

问题3选项

A.Oneshouldsticktohisownculturewhenhecommunicateswithforeigners.

B.Oneshouldfullyadapttotheculturalnormsofaforeigncountryhelivesin.

C.Onecankeepsomerulesofhisnativeculturewhenlivinginaforeigncounty.

D.Onecaneasilymakefriendswithforeignersbylearningtheiridiosyncrasies

问题4选项

A.explainaculturalconceptbycomparingtwopeoples’behaviors

B.tellatruestorybasedontheauthor’sownexperienceinaforeigncountry

C.proveapopularviewonanationbyuseoflogicalreasoning

D.refuteanationalstereotypewithevidencefromtheauthor'sownexperience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“IthinkAmericansperceiveFrenchbehavior"rude"becauseitdoesn'tfollowAmericanrules.”我认为美国人认为法国人的行为“粗鲁”，因为它不遵守美国的规则。A选项“法国人与陌生人在公众场合打招呼的方式是不礼貌和不友好的”，B选项“法国人与美国人的行为方式所习惯的不同”，C选项“很少有法国人对说英语的人持友好或有利的态度”。D选项“很少有法国人会亲切地问候陌生人”。因此，B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段首句“MostFrenchpeopleImeetaresubtleanddignified.”A选项“大声而庄重的说话”，B选项“避免使用消极的表达”，C选项“选择微妙和适度的表达”。D选项“慷慨一点，夸张一点”。因此，C选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文中的“Iwasn'tabletocompletelyforgetmyAmericanrootsduringmystay.Iwasstilltheonegettingstrangelookswearingmysandalsinthecold(withsocksofcourse).”在逗留期间，我没能完全忘记我的美国根。我仍然是那个在寒冷的天气里穿着凉鞋(当然是袜子)，被别人奇怪地看着的人。对应C选项“一个人在异国他乡生活时，可以保持一些本国文化的规则”。A选项“当一个人与外国人交流时，他应该坚持自己的文化”。“WeshouldmakeaconsciousefforttoshowtheFrenchthatwecanadjusttooursurroundings,andthatwedon'texpecttoenteraforeigncountryandhaveeverythingbejustaswewishittobe.”我们应该有意识地向法国人表明，我们能够适应我们的环境，我们不希望进入一个外国，一切都像我们希望的那样。可得知A选项错误。B选项“一个人应该完全适应他所生活的外国的文化规范”，完全适应过于绝对。D选项“通过了解外国人的性格特点，我们可以很容易地和他们交朋友”。原文没有提到。因此，C选项符合题意。

4.作者意图题。题目问的是这篇文章的主要目的最好的解释是什么，定位到文章的首段“ThereareAmericanswhovisitFranceandcomebacksaying"theFrencharesorude."Ifeeldifferently.”有些美国人到法国旅游回来后说:“法国人太粗鲁了。”我感觉不一样。后文也是用自己的亲身经历来反驳这些美国人的观点。A选项“通过比较两个人的行为来解释一个文化概念”，B选项“根据作者自己在国外的经历讲一个真实的故事”，C选项“用逻辑推理证明一个国家的流行观点”，D选项“用作者自己的经验来反驳国家的刻板印象”。因此，D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

WhentheBastillefellin1789,manyobserversconcludedthatFrancehadjoinedtheUnitedStatesintheattempttobecomeanenlightenedrepublic.Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.Scholarshipfallsintotwogeneralcamps:authorswhocomparetherevolutions’trajectoriesandachievements;andthosewhoareinterestedinimpact,howeachcountryinfluencedtheother.BothapproachesarecentraltonarrativesoftheearlyUnitedStates,affectinginterpretationsofnationalism,politicallife,andtheeconomy,amongotherissues.

Forallthatweknowaboutthese'sisterrepublics,’PhilippZiesche’sCosmopolitanPatriotsandDoinaPascaHarsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaremindushowmuchremainsunderexplored.TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.ZieschefocusesoneliteAmericanswhoweredrawntoParisforideologicalandeconomicreasons,whileHarsanyiconsidersFrenchnobleswhofoundthemselvesonthewrongsideofrevolutionandendedupintemporaryexileinPhiladelphia.Forbothhistorians,theseemigrantsofferanadvantageousperspectivebecauseoftheirdislocation.Althoughthemotivationforeachgroup’smovediffered(onewasvoluntarily,theothernot),marginalityintheirhostnationsledthemtoreflect,withkeeninsight,onwhattheUnitedStatescouldlearnfromFranceandviceversa.Theirexperiences,theauthorsargue,showushowsomeinfluentialmenmadesenseofthereverberationsofrevolutions.

PhilippZiesche’sAmericansinParisarefamiliarfaces,includingThomasJefferson,GouverneurMorris,ThomasPaine,JoelBarlow,andJamesMonroe.ForZiesche’spurposes,what’smostimportantaboutthese“patriots”istheircosmopolitanism—theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.ThisnotionencouragedthemtotraveltoParisinthe1790s,thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.Buttheprojectofcreatingrepublicannationswas,toacertainextent,atoddswithcosmopolitanism,sincenations,itwasbelieved,reflectedthemoresandmannersuniquetoapopulationandplace.Zieschepointsout,however,thatindividualnationalprojectsalwayslookedelsewhereforinstruction,andtheyderivedlegitimacy,inpart,fromofficialrecognitionbyothernations.Universalismwasaninescapablecomponentofnationalism.

The‘cosmopolitanpatriots’werewellawareofthetensionbetweentheparticularandtheuniversalinthemakingofrepublicannations,andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates.Eachchapterexploresanaspectofthisproblemthroughoneormoreindividuals,allthewhileprogressingchronologicallythroughthedecade.ZieschebeginswithThomasJeffersonandGouverneurMorrisandtheirimpressionsofthenewFrenchconstitutionof1789,andhethenconsidersthedivergentstancesofWilliamShortandJeffersonontheJacobinsandrevolutionaryviolence.

1.Whatmakesscholarshipfallintothetwocampsaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhatisthecommongroundbetweenthetwohistoriansofPhilippZiescheandDoinaPascaHarsanyi?

3.Theword“elided”inParagraph3refersto（）.

4.Whoarethose“cosmopolitanpatriots”accordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeaddedtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Whothosecosmopolitanpatriotsare.

B.Whatthosecosmopolitanpatriotsdidtothenewrepublics.

C.TherelationshipbetweenAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionintheeighteenthcentury.

D.ThelessonsfromAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.

问题2选项

A.Thesameexplanationofnationalismanduniversalism.

B.TheexplorativeexplanationoftheconnectionsbetweenrevolutionstakingplaceintheUnitedStatesandFrancefromtheperspectiveofmigrants.

C.ThecommoninterestinfindingthesamedrivebehindtheAmericannationalismandFrenchnationalism.

D.Thebeliefthatallmenareunitedbythesamesetofvalues.

问题3选项

A.elicited

B.elevated

C.ignored

D.illustrated

问题4选项

A.TheinfluentialAmericanimmigrantsinFrance.

B.ThoseelitesinbothintheUnitedStatesandFrance.

C.EmigrantsbothfromtheUnitedStatesandFrance.

D.FrenchnoblesintheUnitedStates.

问题5选项

A.Harsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaconsideredhowtheexperiencesofexiledFrenchmeninPhiladelphiashapedtheirhopesfortheFrenchgovernment.

B.WhatthedifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandFranceare.

C.WhytheUnitedStatesandFrancearebothcalledrepublic.

D.WhytheBastillefell.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.”，可知从那时起，一些见证者和历史学家试图解释这些复杂革命之间的相互联系。所以是法国革命和美国革命之间的相互联系使学术界分成了两大阵营。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.”，可知他们的作品都重新阐述了18世纪90年代法国和美国的关系，并且都是通过移民的角度来阐述的。所以他们都从移民的角度对美国革命和法国革命之间的联系进行探索性的解释。选项B符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第三段“theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.”，可知他们的信仰是“所有的人都是世界上的公民”，因为一些共同的价值观而被统一起来，这些价值观是忽略了民族、宗教、语言和其他各方面的差异的。所以应该选出“忽略”的同义词。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段“thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.”，可知他们认为掌握了共和国的专业知识，他们对于法国同胞来说，将普世理想转化为现实是有帮助的。所以那些“世界性的爱国者”是在法国具有影响力的美国移民。选项A符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章结构，第二段中提到了Ziesche和Harsanyi两人的作品，从两类移民的角度而写出，下文主要讲述Ziesche作品中，美国精英根据在法国的所闻所见而对自己的国家产生了新的愿景“andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates（第四段）”。因此可推测下文中会对Harsanyi的“从美国汲取的教训”这本书，从被放逐至美国的法国贵族这一角度出发写出他们对法国的一些思考或希望。因此A选项符合文意。

4.单选题

Thetwocountrieshavedevelopeda（）relationandincreasedagreatdealinforeign

trade.

问题1选项

A.managerial

B.lethal

C.metric

D.cordial

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。managerial管理的；lethal致命的；metric米制的，公制的；cordial热忱的，诚恳的。句意:两国发展了（）关系，对外贸易增加了很多。只有cordial符合逻辑和句意。

5.单选题

Oneafternoonwhileshewaspreparingdinnerinherkitchen,AnnePeters,a32-year-oldAmericanhousewife,suddenlyhadseverepainsinherchestaccompaniedbyshortnessofbreath.Frightenedbythethoughtthatshewashavingaheartattack,Annescreamedforhelp.HerhusbandimmediatelyrushedAnnetoanearbyhospitalwhereherpainswerediagnosedashavingbeencausedbypanic,andnotaheartattack.

MoreandmoreAmericansnowadaysarehavingpanicattacksliketheoneexperiencedbyAnnePeters.BenjaminCrocker,apsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,revealthatasmanyastenmillionadultAmericanshavealreadyexperiencedorwillexperienceatleastonepanicattackintheirlifetime.Moreover,studiesconductedbytheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthintheUnitedStatesdisclosethatapproximately1.2millionadultindividualsarecurrently

sufferingfromsevereandrecurrentpanicattacks.

Theseattacksmaylastforonlyafewminutes;some,however,continueforseveralhours.Thesymptomsofpanicattacksbearsuchremarkablesimilaritytothoseofheartattacksthatmanyvictimsbelievethattheyareindeedhavingaheartattack.

Panicattackvictimsshowthefollowingsymptoms:theyoftenbecomeeasilyfrightenedorfeeluneasyinsituationswherepeoplenormallywouldnotbeafraid;theysuffershortnessofbreath,experiencechestpains,aquickheartbeat,suddenfitsoftrembling,afeelingthatpersonsandthingsaroundthemarenotreal;andmostofall,afearofdyingorgoingcrazy.Apersonseizedbyapanicattackmayshowallorasfewasfourofthesesymptoms.

Therehasbeenalotofexplanationsastothecausesofpanicattacks.Manyclaimthatpsychologicalstresscouldbealogicalcause,butasyet,noevidencehasbeenfoundtosupportthistheory.However,studiesshowthatmorewomenthanmenexperiencepanicattacksandpeoplewhodrinkalotaswellasthosewhousedrugsaremorelikelytosufferattacks.

Itisreportedthatthereareatleastthreesignsthatindicateapersonissufferingfromapanicattackratherthanaheartattack.Thefirstisage.Peoplebetweentheagesof20and30aremoreoftenvictimsofpanicattacks.Thesecondissex.Morewomensufferfromrecurrentpanicattacksthanmen.Thethirdisthemultiplicityofsymptoms.Apanicattackvictimusuallysuffersatleastfourofthepreviouslymentionedsymptoms,whileaheartattackvictimoftenexperiencesonlypainandshortnessofbreath.

Itisgenerallyagreedthatapanicattackdoesnotdirectlyendangeraperson'slife.Allthesame,itcanunnecessarilydisruptaperson'slifebymakinghimorhersoafraidofhavingapanicattackinapublicplacethatheorshemayrefusetoleavehomeandmayeventuallybecomeisolatedfromtherestofsociety.Dr.Crocker'sadvicetoanypersonwhothinksherissufferingfromapanicattackistoconsultadoctorforamedicalexaminationtoruleoutthepossibilitiesofphysicalillnessfirst.Onceithasbeenconfirmedthatheorsheis,infact,sufferingfrompanicattack,thevictimshouldseekpsychologicalandmedicalhelp.

1.Accordingtothepassage,panicattackis（

）.

2.Onefactorbothpanicandheartattackshaveincommonis（

）.

3.Itisindicatedinthelastparagraphthatpanicattackmay（

）.

4.Dr.Crockersuggeststhatforpanicattacksufferers,（

）.

问题1选项

A.bothfrighteningandfatal

B.actuallyaformofheartattack

C.morecommonamongwomenthanmen

D.likelytolastseveralhours

问题2选项

A.afeelingoffaintness.

B.uncontrollablemovements

C.ahorrorofgoingmad

D.difficultyinbreathing.

问题3选项

A.makeavictimreluctanttoleavehomeanymore.

B.threatenavictim'sphysicalwell-being.

C.causeserioussocialproblemsforthevictim'sfamily.

D.preventavictimfromenjoyingsportanymore.

问题4选项

A.physicalfitnessisnotsocrucial

B.amedicalcheckupisneededtoconfirmtheillness.

C.psychologicalandmedicalhelpisnecessary

D.nutritionaladviceisessentialtocurethedisease.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据C选项“妇女比男子更普遍”可定位到文章第五段“However,studiesshowthatmorewomenthanmenexperiencepanicattacksandpeoplewhodrinkalotaswellasthosewhousedrugsaremorelikelytosufferattacks.”，中文翻译为：不过，研究表明，女人得恐慌症的比男人多，酗酒者和吸毒者更容易得恐慌症。故选C。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段“Panicattackvictimsshowthefollowingsymptoms:theyoftenbecomeeasilyfrightenedorfeeluneasyinsituationswherepeoplenormallywouldnotbeafraid;theysuffershortnessofbreath,experiencechestpains,aquickheartbeat,suddenfitsoftrembling,afeelingthatpersonsandthingsaroundthemarenotreal;andmostofall,afearofdyingorgoingcrazy.Apersonseizedbyapanicattackmayshowallorasfewasfourofthesesymptoms.”，中文翻译为：恐怖症患者表现出以下症状：他们常常很容易受到惊吓，在一般人不会害怕的环境中感到不安；他们呼吸短促，胸痛，心跳加快，突然一阵颤抖，感觉周围的人和事物都不是真实的；最重要的是，对死亡或发疯的恐惧。一个惊恐发作的人可能会表现出这些症状的全部或少至四种。以及第六段“Apanicattackvictimusuallysuffersatleastfourofthepreviouslymentionedsymptoms,whileaheartattackvictimoftenexperiencesonlypainandshortnessofbreath.”，中文翻译为：一个恐慌症病人通常至少会有四种前面谈到的症状，而心脏病患者往往只感觉到疼痛和呼吸急促。因此可知D项“呼吸困难”正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章尾段“Itisgenerallyagreedthatapanicattackdoesnotdirectlyendangeraperson'slife.Allthesame,itcanunnecessarilydisruptaperson'slifebymakinghimorhersoafraidofhavingapanicattackinapublicplacethatheorshemayrefusetoleavehomeandmayeventuallybecomeisolatedfromtherestofsociety.”，中文翻译为：人们普遍认为恐慌症的发作不会直接危及一个人的生命。尽管如此，它会不必要地扰乱一个人的生活，使他或她非常害怕在公共场所出现恐慌症发作，他或她可能会拒绝离开家，最终可能会与社会隔离。判断出A项“使患者不再愿意离开家门”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章尾段“Dr.Crocker'sadvicetoanypersonwhothinksherissufferingfromapanicattackistoconsultadoctorforamedicalexaminationtoruleoutthepossibilitiesofphysicalillnessfirst.Onceithasbeenconfirmedthatheorsheis,infact,sufferingfrompanicattack,thevictimshouldseekpsychologicalandmedicalhelp.”，中文翻译为：克罗克尔博士建议任何自以为得了恐慌症的人要去看医生，进行医疗检查，以首先排除身体疾病的可能性。一旦被确诊真的得了恐慌症，患者应寻求心理和医疗的帮助。故答案为C“心理和医疗帮助是必要的”。

6.单选题

Itisno（

）thatalargenumberofviolentcrimesarecommittedundertheinfluenceofalcohol.

问题1选项

A.coincidence

B.correspondence

C.inspiration

D.intuition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项coincidence“巧合；一致；同事发生”；B选项correspondence“通信；一致；相当”；C选项inspiration“灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计”；D选项intuition“直觉；直觉力”。句意：大量的暴力犯罪都是在酒精的影响下发生的，这并不是……。综合选项与句意可知，此处应表示“这并不是巧合（偶然）”符合语境。A选项正确的。

7.单选题

Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview",inwhichotherscientists(peers)evaluatethevalueandcredibilityofresearchbeforeallowingittoappearinprint.

Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.Infact,reviewersareoftenscientificcompetitors.Toremoveanybiasfromthereviewprocess,mostmanuscripts(articlespriortopublication)areconsideredbythreereviewersindependently.Reviewersconsiderthevalidityoftheapproach,thesignificanceandoriginalityofthefinding,itsinterestandtimelinesstothescientificcommunity,andtheclarityofthewriting.Reviewersthenprovidefeedbackonthemanuscripttheyhaveread.Journaleditorsrelyonpeer-reviewfeedbacktoguidetheirpublicationdecisions,andauthorsusereviewerscommentstorefinethetextoftheirmanuscriptandtheexperimentswithin.Journaleditorsmustoccasionallyresolveissuesrelatedtoconflictofinterestamongreviewers;reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.

Reviewersareexpectedtokeeptheinformationinamanuscriptconfidentialuntilitispublished,butitisrarethattheworkcomesasacompletesurprisetotheentirescientificcommunity.Thisisbecausepeerreviewisintegratedintoalmosteverystepofscience.

Mostresearchscientistsrequestpublicfundingfortheirexperiments.Fundingdecisionsaremadebyacommitteeofotherscientistswhodebateeachproposal’slikelihoodofsuccess,thevalidityofitsapproach,andtheimportanceofthequestionbeingasked.Oncefunded,theexperimentscanbegin,andpreliminarydataisoftenrevealedatscientificmeetings.Thisallowsthefindingstobedebatedanddefendedwithcolleaguespriortopublication.Oncetheexperimentsarecompleted,amanuscriptiswrittenandcirculatedtoallthosewhocontributedtothework.Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.Ifthatjournaldeclinestopublishthemanuscript,itcanbesenttoadifferentjournalforconsideration.

Despitethebesteffortsofreviewers,casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished.Somecasesturnouttobeelaboratehoaxes.Forexample,in1912CharlesDawsonshowedoffpartsofaskullandjawbonetothepublicandconvincedscientiststhatthefossilsrepresentedthemissinglinkbetweenmanandapeDawson's"PiltdownMan"confusedthescientificcommunityfor40yearsuntilitwasdiscoveredthattheskullwasonly500yearsoldratherthan500,000,andthejawbonewasthatofanorangutan.Inotherinstancesofmisconduct,data