考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第1页
考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第2页
考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第3页
考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第4页
考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩435页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

问题1选项

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

问题2选项

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

问题3选项

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

问题4选项

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

问题5选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】11.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一种说法?

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.国民生产总值是衡量经济增长的可靠指标。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增长将是经济繁荣的主要威胁。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁荣的衰落将不可避免地导致人口的增长。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然资源的减少不利于人类的福祉。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】本题要求选择作者会赞同的一项,那么就要选择符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句,该句提到“对日益减少的自然资源(dwindlingnaturalresources)施加越来越大的压力,必然会不可避免地导致繁荣的衰落(leadtoadeclineinprosperity)”,由此可知,作者认为自然资源减少不利于繁荣。第4段最后一句提到“从这种角度来看,在这个背景下,增长对地球上不幸的人的福祉(thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth)的危害(moredetrimental)大于好处”,“这个角度或背景”指的是第3段的内容,其中有一点提到“如果这意味着为了外国投资者和少数当地合作者的利益而剥夺他们土地上的矿产和树木资源(strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures)”由此可知,作者认为,为外国投资者和少数人利益而大量开采自然资源的发展是不利于增进人民福祉的。综上所述,作者应该会赞同D选项“自然资源的减少不利于人类的福祉”的观点。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“国民生产总值是衡量经济增长的可靠指标”,可定位到原文第1段第2句,该句提到“国民生产总值据说(supposedly)是衡量经济增长的一个指标”,根据其中“supposedly”提示,作者并不肯定这个指标可靠,该选项表述错误,属于过度推理;

B选项“人口增长将是经济繁荣的主要威胁”,可定位到原文第1段第3句,该句提到“对日益减少的自然资源(dwindlingnaturalresources)施加越来越大的压力,必然会不可避免地导致繁荣的衰落(leadtoadeclineinprosperity),特别是再加上人口增长的话(accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation)。”由此可知,该句提到经济繁荣的两个威胁:日益减少的自然资源和人口增长,其中前者的影响更大,人口增长并不是主要威胁。该选项表述错误,属于本末倒置;

C选项“繁荣的衰落将不可避免地导致人口的增长”,同样可定位到原文第1段第3句,由该句可知,“人口增长”是因,“繁荣衰落”是果,该选项表述错误,颠倒了因果。

12.【选项释义】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.经济体系的平稳运行依赖于持续的繁荣

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.经济增长并没有加剧第三世界国家的贫困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕国家的增长是以牺牲第三世界国家为代价的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.经济增长的各个阶段不能被社会机制所取代或改变

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】本题需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一个观点“增长(growth)对经济体系的平稳运行是必要的(isnecessary)”,然后举第三世界国家的例子,在第2、3段提出了很多质疑。在第2段提出“会不会是经济增长,尤其是富裕国家的增长(thegrowthofthewealthiercountries),导致了(hascontributed)第三世界国家的贫困,而不是进步(theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries)?”第3段首句说“要弄清楚这是怎么回事(Toseehowthismightbethecase),我们必须着眼于这种增长对第三世界国家的影响”,紧接着详细介绍了这些影响:机械化生产的产品供出口,而不是供当地消费(notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport);为了外国资本的利益(thebenefitofforeigninvestors)剥削矿产和森林资源;沉重的外债(acrushingforeignindebtedness)等。综上所述,这两段表达的观点是,在第三世界国家,有些经济增长完全是为了外国资本即富裕国家的利益,促进了富裕国家的经济发展,不仅没有增加本国人民的福祉,反而导致了劳动力资源的占用、自然资源的流失以及大量的外债。C选项“富裕国家的增长是以牺牲第三世界国家为代价的”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“经济体系的平稳运行依赖于持续的繁荣”,是第2段首句提出的背景信息,是作者要反驳的观点,该选项属于本末倒置;

B选项“经济增长并没有加剧第三世界国家的贫困”,与原文表述相反,该选项属于反向干扰;

D选项“经济增长的各个阶段不能被社会机制所取代或改变”,这两段并没有提及社会机制的问题,该选项属于无中生有。

13.【选项释义】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.关于第三世界国家的经济发展,作者实际上说的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.这些国家的人民并没有真正从中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投资不足严重影响了发展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的债务实际上使这些国家不可能进一步增长

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.这些国家的农业本应完好无损

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】由第12题的解析可知,第三世界国家的发展实际上服务于外国投资商,而本国人民并未从中受益;并且第4段最后一句说到“这种增长对地球上不幸的人的福祉(thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth)的危害(moredetrimental)大于好处”,由此可知,这种增加,对于第三世界的人民来说,不仅没有受益反而有危害,A选项“这些国家的人民并没有真正从中受益”是作者想表达的观点。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“投资不足严重影响了发展”,原文并没有提到投资不足,而是这些投资都是为了外国投资者和少数人的利益,并不是为了大众的福祉,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“沉重的债务实际上使这些国家不可能进一步增长”,原文虽然提到了沉重的债务,且这些借来的钱没有用于国家的发展,但是作者是为了说明这种发展对第三世界国家没有好处,并不是想说阻碍了发展。何况,经济并没有发展,更不存在进一步发展了。该选项属于过度推理;

D选项“这些国家的农业本应完好无损”,原文提到农业,是为了说农产品都用于出口了,并没有说农业不该机械化,该选项属于无中生有。

14.【选项释义】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎认为繁荣____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有经济增长才能实现

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在没有经济增长的情况下实现

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是对人类能力和创造力的颂扬

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在环境灾难面前是脆弱的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】本文在第1段就质疑了繁荣与增长之间的关系,第一段最后一句提到“哪个是正确的(whichiscorrect):增长意味着繁荣,没有增长就意味着逆境,或者增长意味着逆境,没有增长就意味着……什么?”由此可以推断,作者不认为繁荣与经济增长之间存在着必然的联系。由第12题解析可知,作者在2-3段论述了“第三世界国家经济的增长就没有给本国带来繁荣”;第4段首句提到“这是一种过于简单化的说法(anoversimplification),没有一个国家是完全适用的,有的国家甚至完全不适用”,即“增长意味着繁荣”并不适用于所有国家;第5段首句提出疑问“我们需要增长来实现繁荣吗(doweneedgrowthforprosperity)?”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增长才能提供答案(Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer)”。作者虽然没有直接回答这个问题,但他给出的建议是试一试“零增长”,再结合作者前文中认为增长并不意味着繁荣推断,作者认为繁荣在没有经济增长的情况下也有可能实现。B选项“能在没有经济增长的情况下实现”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“只有经济增长才能实现”,表述错误,作者认为经济增长不一定能带来繁荣;

C选项“是对人类能力和创造力的颂扬”,可定位到原文最后一段第2句,该句提到“现代经济是令人难以置信的复杂现象,这是对人类组织能力的赞扬。”原文指的是“经济的复杂性是对人类能力的赞扬”,而非繁荣,该选项属于张冠李戴;

D选项“在环境灾难面前是脆弱的”,可定位到原文最后一段最后一句,该句提到了“不采取行动的话(thefailuretoactcouldmean),现在的经济发展模式可能会带来威胁人类生存的环境灾难(environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence)”,并不是说“繁荣在环境灾难面前是脆弱的”,该选项属于曲解原文。

15.【选项释义】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.对于“我们需要增长才能实现繁荣吗?”这个问题,作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不确定的

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】由第14题解析可得,作者认为实现繁荣不需要经济增长,即作者对“我们需要增长才能实现繁荣吗?”的答案是B选项negative“否定的”。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合作者的观点。(C、D两个选项意义一致,可以先排除。)

2.单选题

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand(

),settinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

问题1选项

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。harmony和睦,融洽;grace优雅;rhythm节奏,韵律;relief救济,减轻;peaceandharmony和谐和平,是固定搭配。句意:这些不同的种族群体已学会和平共处地生活在一起,树立了值得学习的榜样。答案A

3.单选题

Allcultureshavesomesystemofmeasuringduration,orkeepingtime,butinwesternindustrializedsocieties,wekeeptrackoftimeinwhatseemstootherpeoplesalmostanobsessivefashion.Weviewtimeasmotiononaspace,akindoflinearprogressionmeasuredbytheclockandthecalendar.Thisperceptioncontributestooursenseofhistoryandthekeepingofrecords,whicharetypicalaspectsofwesterncultures.

Althoughourperceptionsoftimeseemnaturaltous,wemustnotassumethatotherculturesoperateonthesametimesystem.Forinstance,whyshouldweassumethataHopiraisedintheHopiculturewouldhavethesameintuitionsabouttimethatwehave?InHopihistory,ifrecordshadbeenwritten,wewouldfindadifferentsetofculturalandenvironmentalinfluencesworkingtogether.TheHopipeopleareapeacefulagriculturalsocietyisolatedbygeographicfeatureandnomadenemiesinalandoflittlerainfall.Theiragricultureissuccessfulonlybythegreatestperseverance.Extensivepreparationsareneededtoensurecropgrowth.ThustheHopivaluepersistenceandrepetitioninactivity.Theyhaveasenseofthecumulativevalueofnumerous,small,repeatedmovements,fortothemsuchmovementsarenotwastedbutarestoreduptomakechangesinlaterevents.TheHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotion,asasmoothflowinglineonwhicheverythingintheuniverseproceedsatanequalrateawayfromapast,throughapresent,intoaforeseeablefuture.

LongandcarefulstudyoftheHopilanguagehasrevealedthatitcontainsnowords,grammaticalforms,constructions,orexpressionsthatrefertowhatwecalltime—thepast,present,orfuture—ortothedurationorlastingaspectoftime.TotheHopi,“time”isa“gettinglater”ofeverythingthathasbeendone,sothatpastandpresentmergetogether.TheHopidonotspeak,aswedoinEnglish?Ofa“newday”or“anotherday”comingeverytwenty-fourhours;amongtheHopi,thereturnofthedayislikethereturnofaperson,alittleolderbutwithallthecharacteristicsofyesterday.ThisHopiconception,withitsemphasisontherepetitiveaspectoftimeratherthanitsonwardflow,maybeclearlyseenintheirritualdancesforrainandgoodcrops,inwhichthebasicstepisashort,quickstampingofthefootrepeatedthousandsoftimes,hourafterhour.

Ofcourse,theAmericanconceptionoftimeissignificantlydifferentfromthatoftheHopi.Americans’understandingoftimeistypicalofWesternculturesingeneralandindustrializedsocietiesinparticular.Americansviewtimeasacommodity,asa“thing”thatcanbesaved,spent,orwasted.Webudgetourtimeaswebudgetourmoney.Weevensay,“Timeismoney”.WeareconcernedinAmericawithbeing“ontime”;wedon’tliketo“waste”timebywaitingforsomeonewhoislateorbyrepeatinginformation;andweliketo“spend”timewiselybykeepingbusy.ThesestatementsallsoundnaturaltoaNorthAmerican.Infact,wethink,howcoulditbeotherwise?Itisdifficultforusnottobeirritatedbytheapparentcarelessnessabouttimeinothercultures.Forexample,individualsinothercountriesfrequentlyturnupanhourormorelateforanappointment—although“beinglate”isatleastwithinourculturalframework.Forinstance,howcanwebegintoentertheculturalworldoftheSioux,inwhichthereisnowordfor“late”or“waiting”.Ofcourse,thefactisthatwehavenothadtoentertheSiouxculture;theSiouxhavehadtoenterours.Itisonlywhenweparticipateinotherculturesontheirtermsthatwecanbegintoseetheculturalpatterningoftime.

1.Fromthepassage,theHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotionbecause(

).

2.WhatistheHopi’sconceptionoftime?

3.Theconceptoftimeasacommodityinthelastparagraphmeansthat(

).

4.IfyouweretovisitaSiouxfestival,itwouldprobablybenecessarythat(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingviewsseemsmostoppositetotheWesternperceptionoftime?

问题1选项

A.theirwayoflivingdependsgreatlyonperseveranceandrepetition

B.theythinkitnecessarytoinventtheirownperceptionoftime

C.theirlanguagedoesnotcontainwordsreferringtomotion

D.theythinkeverythingshouldproceedinalinearway

问题2选项

A.Repeatingfootstepsisthewaytheycounttime.

B.Thelinebetweenpastandpresentisclear.

C.Whenapersonreturns,thedayreturns.

D.Todayistherepetitionofyesterday.

问题3选项

A.timecanbeusedandspentlikeconsumergoods

B.peoplewhoworklonghourswillbepaidhandsomely

C.peoplecanbuytimejustliketheybuyaproduct

D.timeisconsideredpricelessthatpeoplecan’tafford

问题4选项

A.youcallinadvanceifyouaregoingtobelate

B.youarrangefortransportationwellinadvance

C.youhaveadelayedscheduleofalltheactivities

D.youhaveanexactscheduleofthevariousevents

问题5选项

A.Makeahaywhilethesunshines.

B.Procrastinationisnecessary.

C.Punctualityisthesoulofbusiness.

D.Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第二段的倒数二三句可知,霍皮族人重视活动中的持久性和重复。他们对无数的、小的、重复的动作的累积价值有一种感觉,因为对他们来说,这些动作不是浪费,而是储存起来,以便在以后的事件中做出改变。所以霍皮族人对运动的时间没有什么直觉,是因为他们的生活方式在很大程度上依赖于毅力和重复。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第三段的内容可知,对霍皮人来说,“时间”是所有已经做过的事情的“以后”,这样过去和现在就会融合在一起。霍皮人的这一观念强调时间的重复性,而不是时间的继续流动。选项D符合原文。

3.根据最后一段的三四句“Americansviewtimeasacommodity,asa“thing”thatcanbesaved,spent,orwasted.Webudgetourtimeaswebudgetourmoney.”美国人认为时间是一种商品,是一种可以节省、花费或浪费的“东西”。我们预算时间就像我们预算金钱一样。选项A符合原文。

4.根据最后一段“Sioux,inwhichthereisnowordfor“late”or“waiting”.”苏族人的文化世界里没有“迟到”或“等候”这些词,所以如果要去参加苏族人的节日,你可能有必要把所有的活动都推迟,选项A正确。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知,美国人对时间的理解是西方文化的典型特征,他们认为时间就是金钱,所以选项B与之观念相反。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

4.单选题

(),thelionisamemberofthecatfamily.

问题1选项

A.Likethetiger

B.Aliketothetiger

C.Likingthetiger

D.Itislikethetiger

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。分析题干和选项可知,空格后面已经是完整的句子,因此空格处应为形容词短语做状语,故选B。句意:和老虎一样,狮子也是猫科动物中的一员。

5.单选题

Afterthefiercequarrel,theybegantohavea(

)loathingforeachother.

问题1选项

A.boring

B.reciprocal

C.friendly

D.standing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。boring“无聊的;令人厌烦的”;reciprocal“互惠的;相互的”;friendly“友好的;亲切的”;standing“长期存在的”。句意:在那次激烈的争吵后,他们开始相互厌恶。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Athirdofbreadscontainmoresaltthanrecommendedunderguidelinesbeingintroducednextyear,asurveyfound.

Mostbreadswerewithinthecurrentguidelinesofl.lgofsaltper100g-butthisisbeingcuttolgperl00g.CampaignforActiononSaltandHealth(CASH),whichlookedat300breads,saiditwas“outrageous”thatbreadcontainedeventhecurrentlevel.TheDepartmentofHealthsaid’’considerable"saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade.Manufacturerssaidmanyloaveswiththelowestsaltlevelsweresupermarketbrands,whichwerethemostpopular.Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.

Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.Adultsaremeanttohavenomorethan6gofsaltintheirdietperday,whiletoddlersshouldhavenomorethan2g.

Saltlevelsinbreadhavefallenbyaboutathirdoverthepastdecade,withsomefallingbyupto40%.ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh,andwarnsthereiswidevariationintheamountfoundinloaves.Mostarewithinhalfagramofthecurrenttargetofl.lgofsaltperl00gofbreadabouttwohickslices.ButCASHfoundsomesignificantlyexceededit.CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.Anditsaidbakerybreadsoftenhadhigherlevelsthantheirpackagedproducts.

CASHchairmanProf.GrahamMacGregor,oftheWolfsonInstituteofPreventativeMedicine,said:"Itisfranklyoutrageousthatbreadstillcontainssomuchsalt.TheDepartmentofHealthneedstoensurethatallbreadisclearlylabeledandthatallmanufacturersreducethesaltofbreadtolessthatthesalttargetoflgperl00g.Itistheveryhighlevelsofsaltthatishiddenineverydayfood,suchasbread,thatputsupbothadults'andchildren'sbloodpressure.“VictoriaTaylor,seniordietitianattheBritishHeartFoundation,said:"Weknowtoomanypeopleareeatingtoomuchsalteachday.Somemanufacturersareworkingtowardstargetsforsaltreduction,butweneedmoreactiontocutthesaltcontentinbreadandmakesuretheyprovidecolour-codedfoodlabelstohelptheircustomers."ButFederationofBakersdirectorGordonPolsonsaid:"Themajorityofwrappedslicedbreadavailablealreadymeetsthe2012targetsandourmembersarecontinuingtoendeavourtoreducesaltbycontributingtoongoingresearchtoestablishwhichothermeansareavailabletoreducesaltinbread.ThevastmajorityofbreadssingledoutintheCASHreportashigherinsaltarenotthemainstreamproductsproducedbyourmembers;whichdoproducearound80%ofthenation'sbreadina£3bnindustry.n

ADepartmentofHealthspokesmansaidthegovernmentwelcomedthe’’considerable"saltreductionsthatbreadmakershadalreadymade,anditwas"verypleasing"thataround60%oftheproductsmetsalttargetsfor2012."Thisisanimportantstepinhelpingtoreducesaltintake,aswellasloweringtheriskofhighbloodpressureandresultingstrokesandheartdisease.Welookforwardtoseeingfurtherreductionsasmorecompaniesmeetthetargets,”headded.

BritishRetailConsortiumfooddirectorAndrewOpiesaidretailersandmanufacturersaretofondindependentresearchtolookforwaysofmeetingthe2012target-"whilestillmakingfoodswhichconsumerswanttobuy”.

1.What’sGordonPolson’sattitudetowardthemajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailable?

2.AccordingtoCASH,thecurrentsaltlevelsofbreadare(

).

3.CASHsuggeststhat(

).

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

5.WhataretheharmfuleffectsoftoomuchsaltaccordingtoCASH?

问题1选项

A.Positive.

B.Critical.

C.Skeptical.

D.Indifferent

问题2选项

A.amazinglylow

B.proper

C.toohigh

D.considerable

问题3选项

A.saltlevelsinbreadshouldbereducedby40%

B.theamountfoundinloavesshouldvarywithbreads

C.consumersshouldfigureouthowmuchsaltbreadcontains

D.onlyfreshbreadsshouldbelabeled

问题4选项

A.Saltreductionsaretobemade.

B.Theloavesinsupermarketsarewiththelowestsaltlevels.

C.Womencanhavemoresaltintheirdietperdaythanmen.

D.Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsaredifferentwithage.

问题5选项

A.malnutrition

B.highbloodpressure

C.Diabetes

D.chronicdisease

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推断题。根据题干关键词GordonPolson’s,wrapped,slicedbread定位至第五段:Themajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailablealreadymeets…whichdoproducearound80%ofthenationsbreadina£3bnindustry(市场上大多数包装切片面包已经符合2012年指标,我们的成员厂家正在努力研究寻找其他可以降低含盐量的途径。绝大多数在低盐与健康运动报告中被指含盐量较高的面包都不是我们的主流产品,在全国30亿英镑的面包产业中,我们生产了其中的80%的面包)。由此可知他的态度是积极的。

2.细节题。。第四段指出:ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh...:但是CASH认为含盐量仍然太高.因此C项正确。

3.细节题。第四段:CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.低盐与健康运动建议消费者应该看看营养标签,如果可能的话,看看盐面包含有多少。但它警告说,新鲜面包,从店内或商业街面包店没有营养标签,这意味着人们无法知道他们含有多少盐。因此应选择C:消费者应当估计面包里包含多少盐。A:面包中盐的含量应为40%。B:面包中所发现的含量会依据面包的不同而有所不同。D:只有新鲜面包才会贴标签。此三项不符合原文。

4.细节题。第二段指出:...saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade面包中所含盐分已经减少了。由此得知,选项A:将要降低面包中所含的盐分是错误的;选项B:超市里的面包是含盐最低的,与选项C:女性每天摄入盐量要高于男性,无从推断。第三段:Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.对于不同的年龄段,推荐的食盐量也不同。可以得出选项D正确。

5.细节题。第二段指出:Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.吃太多的盐会导致高血压,继而提高心脏病的发病率。由此得知,选择B项:高血压。

7.单选题

The()ofallkindsofnecessarygoodswascausedbynaturalcalamity.

问题1选项

A.variety

B.scarcity

C.solidarity

D.commodity

【答案】B

【解析】同形词辨析题。variety“多样”;scarcity“不足;缺乏”;solidarity“团结”;commodity“商品”;根据naturalcalamity“自然灾害”可知此处应该说的是各种必需品的“缺乏”,故正确答案为选项B。句意为:各种必需品的缺乏是自然灾难造成的。

8.单选题

Shehastakengreatpainstoconcealheremotions,andtherebymadethem(

)conspicuous.

问题1选项

A.allthemore

B.allthemuch

C.allmore

D.allmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:她竭力隐藏她的情绪,但是她却让他们更加明显了。这里选固定搭配A选项allthemore“更加”;其他选项不能作为副词修饰conspicuous这个形容词。

9.单选题

Thereceptionwasattendedby()membersofthelocalcommunity.

问题1选项

A.excellent

B.conspicuous

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】C

【解析】C选项prominent意为“突出的;著名的”。句意:参加这次招待会的是当地社区的()人士。A选项excellent极好的;B选项conspicuous显而易见的;C选项prominent突出的;著名的;D选项noticeable引人注目的,C选项prominent符合句意。

10.单选题

Youcan(

)thevideocameraonatripod(三脚架),sothatyoudon'thavetoworryaboutholdingitsteadywhileyouaskquestions.

问题1选项

A.withstand

B.fix

C.plant

D.dwell

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。withstand抵抗,反抗;fix固定;plant种植,培养;dwell居住,存在于。

句意:你可以将摄像机固定在三脚架上,这样当你提问的时候就不用担心需要稳稳的抓住它了。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Beforetakingastandardizedtest,oneshould()himselforherselfwithalltheitemsthatconstitutethetestpaper.

问题1选项

A.acquaint

B.fascinate

C.acquit

D.familiar

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项acquaint“使熟悉,使认识”;B选项fascinate“使着迷,使神魂颠倒”;C选项acquit“无罪释放,表现”;D选项familiar“熟悉的,常见的,亲近的”。句意:在参加标准化考试之前,考生应该_____构成试卷的所有项目。句子表达的是,在考试之前,要熟悉构成试卷的项目,因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Clarkfeltthathis______inoneofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

问题1选项

A.appreciation

B.participation

C.presentation

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appreciation“欣赏;理解;感激”;B选项participation“参与”;C选项presentation“颁发;展示会”;D选项apprehension“忧虑;逮捕”。句意:克拉克认为,他对有史以来最引人注目的医学实验之一的______,配得上他所遭受的痛苦。根据语境,B选项participation“参与”搭配experiments“实验”比较合理,意思指参与实验,符合题意。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Romanticloveisaculturetraitfoundprimarilyinindustrializedsocieties.Elsewhereintheworld,pragmaticconsiderationsratherthanflightsoffancyareoftenusedtomakeachoiceofpartner,andromanticloveisseenasanunfortunateinconveniencethatgetsinthewayoftheordinary,rationalprocessofmateselection.TracesofthisattitudepersistintheAmericanupperclasses,wheredaughtersareexpectedtomarry“well”thatis,toamalewhoiseligiblebyreasonoffamilybackgroundandearningpotential.MostAmericans,however,seeromanticloveasessentialforasuccessfulmarriage,andtendtolookaskance(轻蔑地)atanyonewhomarriesforamorepracticalreasoninwhichloveplaysnopart.

Thephenomenonofromanticloveoccurswhentwoyoungpeoplemeetandfindoneanotherpersonallyandphysicallyattractive.Theybecomemutuallyabsorbed,starttobehaveinwhatappearstobeaflighty(充满幻想的)evenirrationalmanner,decidethattheyarerightforoneanother,andmaythenenteramarriagewhosesuccessisexpectedtobeguaranteedbytheirenduringlove.Behaviorofthiskindisportrayedandwarmlyendorsed(赞同)throughoutAmericanpopularculture,bybooks,magazines,comics,records,popularsongs,movies,andTV.

Romanticloveisanobleideal,anditcancertainlyprovideabasisforthespousesto“livehappilyeverafter.”Butamarriagecanequallywellbefoundedonmuchmorepracticalconsiderations—asindeedtheyhavebeeninmostsocietiesthroughoutmostofhistory.Whyisromanticloveofsuchimportanceinthemodernworld?Thereasonseemstobethatithassomebasicfunctionsinmaintainingtheinstitutionofthenuclearfamily(小家庭).

31.Romanticloveislessfrequentlyfoundinmanynon-industrialsocietiesbecausepeopleinthesesocieties_____.

32.Theunderlinedword“eligible”inPara.1couldbestbereplacedby_____.

33.Accordingtothepassage,mostAmericans_____.

34.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraphaboutromanticlove?

35.Theauthorseemstobelievethat_____.

问题1选项

A.firmlybelievethatonlymoneycanmaketheworldgoround

B.failtobringtheimaginativepowerofthemindintofullplay

C.fondly

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论