考研考博-英语-兴义民族师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兴义民族师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Youwillhavetochangeyouroflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

问题1选项

A.mode

B.mound

C.mood

D.form

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项moden.模式，方式，风格；B选项moundn.高地；土堆；土丘；C选项moodn.语气，情绪，心境；D选项formn.形式，形态，模式，表格。根据句意，现在有了孩子就应该改变自己的生活方式。因此正确答案为A选项。

2.单选题

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.

2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.

3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.

4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B.itsself-examinationofthesoul

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

问题2选项

A.controversy

B.fear

C.disaster

D.solution

问题3选项

A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuring

B.issuedarecordpromotingviolence

C.advocatedthecultureofthestreet

D.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety

问题4选项

A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiative

C.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompany

D.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard

问题5选项

A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompany

B.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibility

C.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompanies

D.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（这是一种自我反省，在不同时期，涉及到责任、创作自由和企业底线等问题。）通过这句话我们可以推测出，华纳对于自己社会责任的无视，因此C选项“对社会责任的忽视”正确。而A选项“它提高了公司的股票价格”，这是确有其事，但并不是议员批评它的原因；B选项“它的灵魂的自我反省”，他们有没有反省并不确定；D选项“它强调创作自由”，这个也不是参议员的观点。

2.语义推测题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（对他来说，说唱带来的不安并没有使生活变得更轻松。）并且后文讲述了华纳因为发行的一些说唱歌曲而遭到抨击，因此说唱给他带来的应该是不好的事，因此A选项“争论”正确。B选项“恐惧”，不符合原意；C选项“不幸，灾难”，语义过重；D选项“解决方案”，和原文不搭。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，时代华纳因发行Ice-T的暴力说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而遭到抨击。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因为他出版了鼓励暴力的唱片。因此B选项“发布了一个宣扬暴力的唱片”正确。A选项“由于重组而被解雇的工人”；C选项“提倡街头文化”以及D选项“挑战民主社会的言论自由”都不正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有迹象表明，主席正在放弃他的强硬立场，至少在某种程度上是这样。）因此B选项“他缓和了语气，提出了一些新方案”正确。A选项“坚定捍卫言论自由的立场”；C选项“屈服于反对意见，从公司辞职”以及D选项“请求15名董事会成员无条件支持”都不是真实的。

5.判断推理题。从最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我们中的一些人已经知道很多很多年了，第一修正案规定的自由并不是完全的），可知，宪法第一修正案中的言论自由不是没有限制的，因此他们应该同时考虑社会责任，对公司来说利益和社会责任通常不能兼顾。因此A选项“在公司里，利润和社会责任很少能齐头并进”正确。B选项“很少有人关心企业的责任”，过于片面；C选项“关于时代华纳政策的辩论很快就会牵涉到其他公司”，没有提及；D选项“时代华纳董事会对公司的政策意见不一”，不是真正的内涵。

3.单选题

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda_______coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

问题1选项

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustainable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项perpetual“永久的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，持续的，长久的”；C选项chronic“(尤指疾病)长期的，慢性的，难以治愈的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。根据cannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime可知这位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此选C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短时间内不能完全治愈。

4.单选题

Themodernhugebuildinglooks______inthatold-fashionedvillage.

问题1选项

A.immeasurable

B.inopportune

C.incongruous

D.importunate

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.immeasurable不可估量的；无限的B.inopportune不合时宜的

C.incongruous不合适的；不相称的D.importunate再三要求的；纠缠不休的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“这座现代化的巨大建筑看起来______在那个老式的村庄里”可知，现代建筑和老式房屋是不相协调的，所以空格处表示“不协调的，不相称的”符合句意，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】这座现代化的高楼大厦在那个老式村庄里显得很不协调。

5.单选题

Forsomewomen,homemakingis______tohavingacareer,forothers,raisingafamilyandtakingcareoftheirhomesisthemostgratifyingoflife’scallings.

问题1选项

A.slavish

B.fawning

C.subservient

D.subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项slavish表示“奴隶的，奴性的，卑屈的”，B项fawning表示“奉承的，恭维的，讨好的”，指通过谄媚和奉承来获得注意和赞赏，C项subservient表示“屈从的，奉承的，恭顺的”，指某人非常愿意服从别人，D项subordinate表示“从属的，隶属的，次要的”。句意：对于一些女性来说，家政是比事业更重要的事情，而对于另一些女性来说，养家和照顾家庭是生活中最令人满足的召唤。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

Thedeanaskedthesecretaryiftherewereenoughpeople（）toholdafacultymeeting.

问题1选项

A.onhand

B.onaverage

C.onpurpose

D.onend

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onhand“在手边；在场；临近；现有”；B选项onaverage“平均”；C选项onpurpose“故意地”；D选项onend“连续地；竖着”。句意：院长问秘书（）的人数是否足够到可以召开教师会议。根据语境，onhand“在场”修饰people比较合理。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Whencompaniesdobusinessoverseas,theycomeincontactwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theseindividualsoftenspeakadifferentlanguageandhavetheirownparticularcustomandmanners.（1）.

Forexample,inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.（2）tocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness.Unlessoneisawareofsuchexpectedbehaviorshemayendupinsultingthepeoplewithwhomhehopestoestablishtraderelations.

（3）.Forexample,ifatransactionisconductedwithRussia,paymentmaybemadeinrubles.Ofcourse,thiscurrencyisoflittlevaluetotheAmericanfirm.Itis,therefore,necessarytoconverttheforeigncurrencytoAmericandollars.HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?（4）.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.Forexample,therublemaybeworth0.75onMondayand0.72onTuesdaybecauseofanannouncedwheatshortageinRussia.

Athirduniqueproblemistradebarriers.Foronereasonoranother,allcountriesimposetradebarriersoncertaingoodscrossingtheirborders.（5）.Forexample,theUnitedStatespermitsstrategicmilitarymaterialtobeshippedabroadonlyaftergovernmentpermissionhasbeenobtained.Mosttradebarriers,however,aredesignedtorestrictimport.Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs.

问题1选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

问题2选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

问题3选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

问题4选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

问题5选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:E

第4题:A

第5题:F

【解析】1.由文章大意和结构可知，这里需要一个承上启下的过渡句。2-4段主要讲了文化差异所带来的一些问题。分析比较六个选项，选项C最为合适。

2.空格前一句话“inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.”说明在法国，商务会议会按照约定的时间准时开始，并且每个人都要按时达到。而空格后一句目的状语从句tocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness意思是“通过让他们明白及时的重要性”。由此可以推断出此处应和开会迟到的人相关，B选项最合适。

3.分析文章大意及结构。文章第二段说的是第一个问题，文章第四段说的是第三个问题。由此可以得出文章第三段是第二个问题，并且根据第三段主要内容可以得知和“货币转换”有关。因此最合适的选项为E。

4.联系上下文分析。空格前HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?译为“俄罗斯卢布兑换成美元的比值是多少呢？”空格后的句子Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.意思是“因此会有一个确定的比率，虽然这个比率通常会波动”。选项中与兑换率相关的只有A。

5.根据段落大意选择。文章最后一段的中心是tradebarriers，而选项中只有F与tradebarriers相关，且与后文中的内容构成总分关系，故答案选项为F。

8.单选题

Theyassistedtheofficialsinorganizingprojects,tookresponsibilityfortheirmaintenance,andattendedtothecountlessdetailsinvolvedintheorganization,direction,and（）ofmassesoflaborers.

问题1选项

A.staff

B.sustenance

C.ingredients

D.components

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项staff“职员”；B选项sustenance“生计”；C选项ingredient“原料，要素”；D选项component“成分，组件”。题干提到，官员组织项目，负责项目的维护，其中也提到劳动者，可推测劳动者的生计问题受到关注，可知B选项正确。句意：他们帮助官员组织项目，负责项目的维护，处理组织、指导和广大劳动者的……所涉及到的无数的细节。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Notuntilthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies（）asaunifiedscience.

问题1选项

A.didecologyemerge

B.whenecologyemerged

C.ecologyemerged

D.whendidecologyemerge

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装结构。当notuntil放句首时，句子要部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：直到19世纪末20世纪初，生态学才作为统一的科学出现。

10.单选题

Foryearsshewasdependentondrugsanddrinkanditwasonlyinherfiftiesthatshefinallymanagedtoovercomethese（）.

问题1选项

A.accessories

B.addictions

C.attachments

D.admission

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项accessory表示“配件；附件；从犯”；B选项addiction表示“上瘾；沉溺；嗜好”；C选项attachment表示“附件；依恋；连接物”；D选项admission表示“承认；录用；进入许可；坦白”。根据dependentondrugsanddrink可知，她多年来都依赖毒品和酒精，在五十多岁时才最终设法克服毒瘾和酒瘾。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

11.单选题

Evidencecameup（）specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.

问题1选项

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：有证据表明，婴儿在6个月大时就能识别特定的语音。结合此处语境，comeup意为“发生；出现”，则后文不接宾语，此外空格后是完整的句子，因此，后文是充当evidence的同位语，则C项that引导同位语从句。因此C为正确答案。

12.单选题

Anotherconcern（

）hastodowiththeeffectone’slivingwillmighthaveoninsurancepremiums.Canone’sinsuranceratesgoupiftheyrequesttotalcareinsteadofminimalcareduringtheirfinaldays?

问题1选项

A.toberaised

B.havingraised

C.beingraised

D.raising

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中还有mighthave，可知空格处为非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语是concern，由句意判断，concern与raise之间是被动关系，且表示正在出现的情况，因此C选项符合题意。

13.翻译题

随着对知识内涵认识的加深，人类也从不同角度对知识进行分类。从某种意义上说，对知识进行分类恰恰是建立在对内涵的理解之上的，分类原则本身也在一定程度上体现出人类在不同社会经济形态下对知识作用的不同认识。我国曾一度按照知识的来源将其划分为三类：来源于生产实践的知识、来源于社会实践的知识以及来源于科学实验的知识。德国哲学家马克斯•舍勒(MaxScheller)将知识划分为应用知识、学术知识和精神知识三大类。随着知识经济理论的逐渐发展，经济合作发展组织对知识的分类成为目前最具有权威性和流行性的一种。根据该组织《以知识为基础的经济》一书的划分，可以将“知识’’归纳为四种类型：事实知识、原理知识、技能知识和人力知识。以上分类是从知识使用的角度进行的，因而注重知识的实践性和价值性。为了更深地理解知识的含义，并对其进行有效的管理，我们还可进一步将知识划分为两大类别：显性知识和隐性知识。

【答案】Withthedeepeningunderstandingtheessenceofknowledge,knowledgeisclassifiedfromdifferentangles.Inonesense,thisclassificationisbasedontheunderstandingoftheessenceofknowledge,andtheclassifyingprincipleitself,tocertainextent,reflectsthedifferentunderstandingofthefunctionsofknowledgeunderdifferentsocial-economicalcircumstances.InChina,thesourcesofknowledgehavebeendivided,foratime,intothreekinds:knowledgecomesfromproductionpractice,fromsocialpracticeandfromscientificexperimentation.WhileMaxScheier,theGermanphilosopher,holdsthatapplicationknowledge,academicknowledgeandspiritualknowledgearethethreecategoriesformthewholeofknowledge.Asthesteadydevelopmentofknowledgeeconomytheory,thecategorizationofknowledgeaccordingtotheOrganizationofEconomicCooperation&Developmentisbyfarmostpopularandholdsgreatestauthority.AsperthebookEconomyBasedonKnowledgepublishedbytheorganization,“knowledge”canbecategorizedasthefollowingfourtypes:facts,principles,skillsandhumanknowledge.Thisclassificationisworkedbyconsideringtheapplicationofknowledge,thusmoreattentionispaidtoitspracticabilityandvalue.However,tounderstanddeeperthedefinitionofknowledge,andcarryouteffectivemanagement,wemayfurtherdivideitintotwocategories:visibleknowledgeandinvisibleone.

14.单选题

）

theafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】A

【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore恢复,还原;revive复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。

15.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。turbulent“动荡，湍流的”；tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言到处都是,恐惧蔓延,损害的声誉,并让平静的情形陷入动荡中。A项符合题意。

16.单选题

Thegoals（）hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

问题1选项

A.afterwhich

B.withwhich

C.forwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。这是一个介词+代词引导的定语从句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介词搭配，fightafter“在……之后战斗”；fightwith“与……一起战斗”；fightfor“为……而战，而奋斗”。句意：他为之奋斗终生的目标对他不再重要了。forwhichhehadfought做goals的定语，将fightfor搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本题的正确答案是C选项。

17.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog（占道者）,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadcourtesyisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtohitbackwhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizecourtesywhentheyseeit.

Contrarytogeneralopinion,youngdrivershavebettermannersthantheirseniors.Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.Thismaybeencouragedonthebattlefieldbutisoutofplaceontheroads.

Lorrydriverssaytheyhavealmostabandonedthepracticeofsignalingcarstoovertakewhentheroadisclear,becausemanyofthecarstooktoolongtopass.Theycouldn’tbebotheredtoselectalowergear.Thecardrivers,afterovertaking,sloweddownagainandhoggedtheroad.Again,amotoringmagazinehasrecentlydrawnattentiontotheincreasingnumberofdriverswhoneverwaitforgaps.“Theymanufacturethembyforce,usingtheirdirectionindicatorsasathreatratherthanawarning.”Punch-ups（打群架）arequitecommon.Itcan’tbelongbeforewehearofpistolsandknivesbeingused.

Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.

1.Theauthorismostconcernedabout（）.

2.Theword“deplorable”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Theword“courtesy”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3that（）.

6.Anexampleofgoodmannersontheroadsis（）.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,agooddrivershould（）.

问题1选项

A.trafficjam

B.roadmanners

C.fastpaceoflife

D.highcostofpetrol

问题2选项

A.moreserious

B.moretempting

C.disturbing

D.noticeable

问题3选项

A.driving

B.waving

C.goodmanners

D.badmanners

问题4选项

A.Manydriverstendtofightbackagainstrudebehaviors.

B.Alittlecourtesymayhelpeasethetensionsontheroad.

C.Goodwillandtolerancemayhelprelievetrafficjam.

D.Manydriversnowadayslackagoodsenseofcourtesy.

问题5选项

A.youngdriversaremoreaggressive

B.youngdriverswouldsoonlosetheirgoodmanners

C.elderdriversaremorecautious

D.elderdriversshouldimprovetheirdrivingskills

问题6选项

A.signalingcarstoovertake

B.manufacturingagap

C.selectingalowergear

D.usingthedirectionindicator

问题7选项

A.betechnicallyskilled

B.haveagoodstateofmind

C.besympatheticwithothers

D.takegoodcareofhisvehicle

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。作者围绕交通文明而展开论述。因此B项“道路礼貌”比较符合本文主旨。

2.【试题解析】词义题。“deplorable”所在句为：Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable（交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏固然应该指责，但道路上的礼仪正变得……）。由此可知，deplorable有“糟糕，变坏”之意，故选A。

3.【试题解析】词义题。对于“courtesy”的理解可参考其所在句子：Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.（—个友好的点头或挥手以回应一个……的行为，有助于创造友好和宽容的氛围，而这正是现代交通条件下迫切需要的。但是这种礼貌的回应现如今实在太少见了），由此可知，courtesy意为“礼貌”。

4.【试题解析】主旨大意题。第二段先是提出了道路文明，尾句是主题句：这种礼貌的回应现如今实在太少见了。现在当遇到这样的情况，许多司机甚至都意识不到这种礼貌或好意。因此D项“现在许多司机缺乏礼貌意识”比较符合第二段大意。

5.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.（但是这会是短暂的，在这个现代的驾驶世界，许多司机既不期待也不给予任何宽容），由此推测，B项“年轻的司机很快就会失去他们的礼貌”正确。

6.【试题解析】判断推理题。第四段指出：卡车司机说，他们几乎已经放弃了在道路畅通时向汽车发出超车信号的做法，自己懒得麻烦变道，即使这么做了，上来的车也不会有好的做法。因此，这属于一种道路礼貌的行为，故选A项。

7.【试题解析】判断推理题。Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.（开车是一种心态，技术再好的司机，如果傲慢和具有侵略性，也不可能是一位优秀的司机）。由此可知，作者认为，优秀的司机得有一个好心态。故选B。

18.单选题

Economicsinvolvesthestudyoftopicslikewealthandpoverty,moneyandbanks,incomes,taxes,prosperityanddepression,bigbusinessandlaborunions,andhundredsofothermattersthatintimatelyaffectthewaywelive.Economicforcessurroundourdailylives,influencinghoweasyorhowharditistogetajob,howmuchwecanearninourchosenoccupations,andhowmuchourpaycheckswillbuyafterwereceivethem.

Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsabouthowmuchtospendandforwhatpurposes,andhowmuchtoraiseintaxesandwhoshouldbetaxedaswellasintheirevaluationsoftheconsequencesofwar,peace,anddisarmament.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightshaveimportantconsequencesforallofusforboththosewhoarediscriminatedagainstandthosewhoarenot.Atastillmoregloballeveleconomicfactorsareinvolvedinbirth,health,death,populationgrowth,andthedynamicsofhistory.

Infact,probablywithoutexception,eachtopicineconomicsnotonlytouchessomewhereonyourownpersonallifebutisalsoimportanttosomecurrenteconomicproblemsofgovernmentonsocialpolicyandis,atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.

Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.Aloafofbreadistheendresultoflongseriesofoperationsthatbeginswithplantingandharvestinggrainandproceedsthroughmilling,baking,andshippingtothepointatwhichthehousewifecanpicktheloafoffthegrocer’sshelf.Thedriverfillinghistankataservicesstationistakingthefinalstepinalongchainofactivities:drillingoilwells,movingpetroleuminshipsandpipelines,chemicaltreatment,refiningandstorage.Thesameisgenerallytrueofallgoods.

Theprocessofbridgingthegapbetweentheoriginalresourcesofnatureandneedsofthefinalconsumerisproduction.Productionincludesanyactivitythatmakesgoodsandservicesavailabletopeople.Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive,asareactors,musicians,entertainers,andotherswhoperformservicesforourbenefits.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

2.Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheword“encompass”(Line4,Paragraph5)means（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisthestudyof（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Economicfactorsinfluenceourdailylife.

B.Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsaboutsomepolicies.

C.Whatwestudyineconomicsishowgovernmentsinfluencetheuseofland,labor,capital,etc.

D.Theservicesofwholesalers,retailersandbankersareanimportantpartoftheproductiveprocess.

问题2选项

A.surround

B.enclose

C.encircle

D.include

问题3选项

A.productionandconsumption

B.government’spolicy

C.activitiesthatmakegoodsavailabletopeople

D.consequencesofwarandpeace.

问题4选项

A.Theservicesofdoctors,lawyersandteachersareunproductive.

B.Economicfactorsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofhistory.

C.Allthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.

D.Jobdiscriminationandunequaleducationalopportunitieshaveimportantconsequencesonlyforthosewhoarediscriminatedagainst.

问题5选项

A.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightsareexcludedfromeconomicfactors.

B.Eachtopicineconomicsdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.

C.Governmentpoliciesdeterminethelinkbetweentheresourcesofnatureandneedsoftheconsumer.

D.Ahousewifecannotpickaloafofbreadoffthegrocer’sshelfunlessthereisagoodharvest.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段的一二句“...affectthewaywelive.”对应选项A；第二段的第一句“Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisions...”对应选项B；最后一段的第三句“Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.”对应选项D。只有选项C在文中没有提及。

2.词义题。根据原文：它不限制于有形的物质设施,但是也服务。选项D包括,与原文encompass意思最相近。

3.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“...,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.”每个主题都以这样或那样的方式处理社会生产和使用商品和服务的方式。所以选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive...”可知选项A错误；根据第三段的最后一句“atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.”可知选项B正确；根据第四段的第二句“Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段的第二句“jobdiscrimination,...andthosewhoarenot.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。

5.判断推理题。根据第四段的第一句“Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.”由此可以推断选项B符合原文。

19.单选题

Inspiteofthe______economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”；B选项miserable“悲惨的；痛苦的；卑鄙的”；C选项shadowy“幽暗的，朦胧的；鲜为人知的，神秘莫测的”；D选项“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。gloomy的程度较miserable轻，大概是那种看上去挺消沉的感觉；miserable则是很明显能看出伤心难受的感觉；shadowy表示黑漆漆的看不清（比如晚上在外面走着看到远处一个模糊不清的影子这类），是感官上的形容词；obscure则是用来表达某些概念事物鲜为人知，或者难以理解这种抽象的形容词。句意：尽管经济发展前景不容乐观，但制造业的产量却稍有增加。因此A选项正确。

20.单选题

Thesewerestubbornmen,noteasily（

）tochangetheirmind.

问题1选项

A.tilted

B.converted

C.persuaded

D.suppressed

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词和动词的过去分词辨析。Tiltled“倾斜的”；converted“修改的，改变的”；persuaded“说服，劝说”；suppressed“抑制的”。句意：他们很固执，不容易被说服改变注意。选项C符合题意。