考研考博-英语-北京理工大学珠海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京理工大学珠海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（）awholevarietyoftasks.

问题1选项

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】句意:计算机可以编程来处理各种各样的任务。

考查动词辨析。assign分配，指定;tackle处理，应对;realize实现，认识到；solve解决，解答。根据题干关键词“编程”以及空格处宾语“各种各样的任务”可知B项符合句意。

2.单选题

FormanyyearstheJapanesehave（

）thecarmarket.

问题1选项

A.presided

B.occupied

C.operated

D.dominated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项presided“主持”；B选项occupied“占领”；C选项operated“运转，操作”D选项dominated“控制，支配”。句意：长久以来，日本人（）汽车市场。结合选项，答案选D，日本人主导着汽车市场；B选项一般指的是战争上的占领，不符合提干语境，所以不选。

3.单选题

Theathletehasbeenaccusedof（）hisperformancewithillegaldrugs,buthefirmlydeniesthecharges.

问题1选项

A.enhancing

B.tendering

C.diluting

D.dispensing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项enhancing“提高”；B选项tendering“提议”；C选项diluting“稀释”；D选项dispensing“配发”。句意：这位运动员被指控使用违禁药物提高成绩，但他坚决否认这些指控。本句表示提高成绩。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim（）.

问题1选项

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项coincide“一致，符合；同时发生”；B选项supervise“监督，管理；指导”；C选项collaborate“合作；勾结，通敌”；D选项collide“碰撞；抵触，冲突”。句意：当一个年轻人的职业目标和他父母对他的希望一致时，那是幸运的。结合句意，故A选项正确。

5.单选题

I（

）theminister’sfigures,thetruecostoftheprojectismuchhigher.

问题1选项

A.contend

B.agree

C.dispute

D.disagree

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。contend“主张；为……斗争”；agree“同意”；dispute“辩论；争吵”；disagree“不同意；不一致”。句意：我怀疑部长所说的数据—项目的实际花费更高。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Fewpeoplecanidentifyitstexture.

B.Fewpeoplecandescribeitprecisely.

C.Itsrealvalueisopentointerpretation.

D.Itsimportanceisoftenover-estimated.

问题2选项

A.Ithasneverseenanychange.

B.Ithasmuchtodowithcolor.

C.Itisawell-protectedgovernmentsecret.

D.Itisasubjectofstudybymanyforgers.

问题3选项

A.Peoplehadlittlefaithinpapermoney.

B.Theycouldlastlongerincirculation.

C.Itpredictedtheirvaluewouldincrease.

D.Theyweremoredifficulttocounterfeit.

问题4选项

A.Thestabilizationofthedollarvalue.

B.Theissuingofgovernmentsecurities.

C.AgoldstandardforAmericancurrency.

D.AsteadyappreciationoftheU.S.dollar.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】RecordingThree

VirtuallyeveryAmericancanrecognizeadollarbillatamereglance.Manycanidentifyitbyitssoundortexture.[22]Butfewpeopleindeedcanaccuratelydescribetheworld’smostpowerful,importantcurrency.

TheAmericandollarbilliscoloredwithblackinkononesideandgreenontheother;[23]theexactcompositionofthepaperandinkisacloselyguardedgovernmentsecret.Despiteitsweightyimportance,thedollarbillactuallyweighslittle.Itrequiresnearly500billstotipthescalesatapound.Notonlyisthedollarbilllightweight,butitalsohasabrieflifespan.Fewdollarbillssurvivelongerthan18months.

Theword“dollar”istakenfromtheGermanword“taler”,thenamefortheworld’smostimportantcurrencyinthe16thcentury.Thetalerwasasilvercoinfirstmintedin1580underthereignofCharlesV,EmperorofGermany.

TheconceptofpapermoneyisarelativelyrecentinnovationinthehistoryofAmericancurrency.WhentheConstitutionwassigned,[24]peoplehadlittleregardforpapermoneybecauseofitssteadilydecreasingvalueduringthecolonialera.Becauseofthislackoffaith,thenewAmericangovernmentmintedonlycoinsforcommoncurrency.Interest-bearingbanknoteswereissuedatthesametime,buttheirpurposewaslimitedtoprovidingmoneyforurgentgovernmentcrisessuchasAmericaninvolvementintheWarof1812.Thefirstnon-interestbearingpapercurrencywasauthorizedbyCongressin1862attheheightoftheCivilWar.Atthispoint,citizens’oldfearsofdevaluedpapercurrencyhadcalmed,andthedollarbillwasborn.Thenewgreen-coloredpapermoneyquicklyearnedthenickname“greenback”.

Today,theAmericandollarbillisaproductoftheFederalReserve,andisissuedfromthetwelveFederalReservebanksaroundtheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentkeepsasteadysupplyofapproximatelytwobillionbillsincirculationatalltimes.

Controversycontinuestosurroundthetruevalueofthedollarbill.[25]AmericanhistoryhasseengenerationsofpoliticiansargueinfavorofagoldstandardforAmericancurrency.However,forthepresent,theAmericandollarbillholdsthevaluethatisprintedonit,andlittlemore.TheonlyotherguaranteeonthebillisaFederalReservepledgeasaconfirmationintheformofgovernmentsecurities.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericandollarbill?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币，说话人说了什么？说话人说到，很少人能准确地描述（美元纸币）这一世界上最有影响力、最重要的货币。B选项中的describeitprecisely是录音原文中accuratelydescribe的同义替换，因此B选项“很少有人能准确地描述它”正确。A选项“很少有人能辨别它的质地”表述错误，录音中提及很多人能通过美元纸币的声音或质感（texture）辨别美元；C选项“美元的实际价值有待商榷”和D选项“它的重要性经常被高估”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheexactcompositionoftheAmericandollarbill?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币具体的物质成分，说话人说了什么？说话人指出，美元纸币纸和墨的成分，是美国政府严格保守的秘密，C选项“这是政府严格保守的秘密”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它从来都没改变过”，录音中并没有讨论美元纸币物质成分的变化，因此可排除；B选项“它和颜色的关联很大”，录音中没有表明美元纸币的物质成分与颜色有关，因此可排除；D选项“它是许多伪造者研究的课题”录音中没有信息提及，因此可排除。

24.WhydidthenewAmericangovernmentmintonlycoinsforcommoncurrency?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么新美国政府只用硬币作为流通的货币？录音提到，美国宪法签署生效的当时，人们并不尊重纸币，由于民众不信任纸币，新政府就只用硬币作为流通的货币，A选项“人们不太相信纸币”符合录音原文，因此正确。B选项“硬币在流通中可以使用得更久”；C选项“新美国政府预测硬币的价值会上涨”和D选项“硬币更难伪造”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

25.WhathavegenerationsofAmericanpoliticiansarguedfor?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问几代美国政客一直以来都在争论什么？录音提到，美国政客几代人以来都在讨论赞不赞成为美国货币设立金本位制。因此C选项“美国货币的金本位制”正确。A选项“美元价值的稳定”和B选项“政府证券的发行”在录音中虽有信息提及，但它们均不是美国政客几代人一直在讨论的问题；D选项“美元的稳定升值”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

7.单选题

Huntingisthoughttobe（）fortheextinctionofsomewildlife.

问题1选项

A.responsible

B.blamed

C.charged

D.denounced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。responsible“负责任的”，词组beresponsiblefor“承担……责任”，tobeblamefor“应受责备”，bechargedwith“”被控告”，denounce“公然抨击”，句意：野生动物灭绝的原因应该归咎于狩猎。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Whichissafer—stayinghome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately，thefor-meris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.For-tunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947)，Flixborough(1974)，Seveso(1976)，Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives，justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateapar-ticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵)，whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialre-pairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadtheycaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause

3.Accordingtothepassage，thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanage-menthappenedat（）

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexperts，wemayconcludethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

问题2选项

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

问题3选项

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

问题4选项

A.naturalgas，whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

问题5选项

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasureshadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段指出：However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemical

industry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（飞行的风险对比化工厂工作怎么样？不幸的是，前者风险是后者的65倍）。由此推断D选项“化工厂工作比飞行更安全”为正确答案。

2.根据题干关键词“Chemicalaccidents”定位到文中第二段的“Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.”可知，化工事故经常导致死亡，这是这类事故特别具有报道价值的原因。据此可知，B项正确。

3.根据关键词“faultofmanagement”定位至第四段：TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement（Flixborough的火球是因错误的管理造成的）。据此可知，B项为正确答案。

4.根据题干关键词“ammoniumnitrate”定位至第四段：ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate（硝酸铵），whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity（得克萨斯城的爆炸是由数吨硝酸铵引起的，这种化学物质大量存储就会发生危险）。因此，B项正确。

5.第四段的表明：safeunlessstoredingreatquantity,thefaultofmanagement,lackknowledgeofthedanger和localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction（大量存储的危险、错误的管理、危险知识的缺乏、当地领导者没有采取有效行动）都是造成化工厂事故的原因。由此推测，从专家的讨论得出的结论是，如果采取有效的措施，所有这些事故都是可以避免或控制的，C项为正确答案。

9.单选题

Takentogether,theselawssoughttoreapthemedicalbenefitsoforgantransplantationandtoencourageindividualstobecomeorgandonors,while（

）certainethicallimitsagainsttreatingthebodyaspropertyandthenewlydeadassimplynaturalresources.

问题1选项

A.cuttingout

B.offsetting

C.reserving

D.goingover

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cutout“切断；删去；停止”；B选项offset“抵消；弥补”；C选项reserve“预订；储备；保留”；D选项goover“复习，重温；转变”。句意：综上所述，这些法律寻求获得器官移植的医疗利益，鼓励个人成为器官捐赠者，同时……一定的伦理限制，以免将人体视为财产，将死者仅仅视为自然资源。由后半句句意判断可知此处应选择C选项“保留”。

10.翻译题

SinceAlfredNobeldiedin1896wehaveenteredanageofstormandtragedy.Thepowerofmanhasgrownineverysphereexceptoverhimself.Neverinthefieldofactionhaveeventsseemedsoharshlytodwarfpersonalities.Rarelyinhistoryhavebrutalfactssodominatedthoughtorhassuchawidespreadindividualvirtuefoundsodimacollectivefocus.

WeinEuropeandthewesternworldwhohaveplannedforhealthandsocialsecurity,whohavemarveledatthetriumphsofmedicineandscience,andwhohaveaimedatjusticeandfreedomforall,haveneverthelessbeenwitnessesoffamine,misery,cruelty,anddestructionbeforewhichpalethedeedsofGenghisKhan.Andwewho,firstintheLeagueofNationsandnowintheUnitedNations,haveattemptedtogiveanabidingfoundationtothepeaceofwhichmenhavedreamedsolonghavelivedtoseeaworldmarredbycleavagesandthreatenedbydiscordsevergraverandmoreviolentthanthosewhichconvulsedEuropeafterthefalloftheRomanEmpire.

AlfredNobelhasleftbehindhimabrightandenduringbeamofculture,ofpurpose,andofinspirationtoagenerationwhichstandsinsoreneed.Thisworld-famousinstitutionpointsatruepathforustofollow.Letus,therefore,confronttheclatterandrigidityweseearounduswithtolerance,variety,andcalm.

【答案】自阿尔弗莱德•诺贝尔先生1896年去世后，我们就进入了一个狂暴而悲惨的时代。人类的势力在每个领域都有所发展，只有其自身除外。在战场上从未有过如此残酷之事，人格如此卑微，历史上思想受控于残酷的事实也是罕有，广为舍弃的美德也从未如此黯淡无光。

我们所在的欧洲和西方社会，曾注重医疗事业和社会安全事业，曾在医学和科学上取得惊人成功，曾致力于全人类的正义和自由，可我们现在却见证了饥荒、痛苦、残忍和毁灭。这些足以使成吉思汗的丰功伟绩黯然失色。从起初的国际联盟到今天的联合国，我们一直尝试着给人们梦想已久的和平，建立一个持久的基础。我们目睹了分崩离析、战火纷飞的破损社会，其动荡比罗马帝国崩溃后对欧洲的震动更惨重和剧烈。

阿尔弗莱德•诺贝尔先生将辉煌而不朽的文化、意志和灵感的灯火留给了急需滋养的一代。这个举世闻名的机构指出了一条真正的道路，引领我们前行。所以让我们用忍耐、机敏与冷静，来对抗我们身边嘈杂与僵化的环境吧。

11.单选题

______ofanewspapernorthenumberofpagesinaneditionhaseverbeenstandardized.

问题1选项

A.Thepagesizeisneither

B.Neitheristhepagesize

C.Thepagesize,neither

D.Neitherthepagesize

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“neither...nor...”的用法，这是一个表示并列否定的结构，在neither与nor后面各自接的成分在属性上必须保持一致，由题干可知，我们应该要选择一个名词性成分，A项、B项是句子所以排除；因为neither是一般放在句首的，所以C项排除；句意：一份报纸的版面大小和一版的页数都没有标准化。因此，该题正确答案为D。

12.单选题

Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess（）whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.

问题1选项

A.intermsof

B.incaseof

C.infavorof

D.inviewof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。intermsof依据，在…方面；incaseof以免；infavorof有利于，支持；inviewof鉴于，考虑到。句意：从谈判的过程中，你期待能实现的事情的方面，了解潜在合作伙伴的谈判条件的灵活性为谈判过程提供了重要的视角。空格后的内容是谈判的一方面，故A项正确。

13.单选题

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配词组辨析。atlarge“详尽的”;atease“安逸,舒适”;atrandom“随便地,任意地”;atintervals“不时地,间断地”。句意:讨论时间太长,使人精疲力竭,我们不得不不时地停下来吃点点心。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

PassageOne

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriverwhosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

21.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

22.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”(Paragraph1)impliesthat（）.

23.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

24.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

25.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

问题1选项

A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

问题3选项

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

问题4选项

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

问题5选项

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据文章第一句Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible（我们可以责怪交通堵塞、汽油成本和现代生活的快节奏，但道路上的礼仪正变得可怕）可以推断出，C选项“司机的行为”符合题意。

22.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据划线部分“你可能会容忍那些古怪的横冲直撞、粗鲁无礼的司机，但如今那些有礼貌的司机却是例外”可以推断出，有礼貌的司机不多见，因此D选项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。

23.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior（当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑）可以推断出，司机的goodsense是指他们能理智地看待别人的行为并做出适当的反应，因此A选项“司机的理解能力和合理反应的能力”正确。

24.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二句Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.（多年前，专家警告我们，汽车保有量的激增将要求所有道路使用者更多的互让）可知，B选项“司机们应该做好互相让道的准备”正确。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo（马路礼貌不仅是一种礼貌，也是一种良好的意识）和第三段第一句However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous（然而，错误的礼貌也可能是危险的）可知，作者认为司机应文明驾驶，但又要恰当地礼让，因此B选项“司机应该适当地使用道路礼貌”正确。

15.单选题

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately（

）fromMarathontoAthens.

问题1选项

A.thedistance

B.distance

C.thedistanceis

D.isthedistance

【答案】A

【解析】句意:奥林匹克马拉松赛长26英里385码，该段距离大致是从马拉松到雅典的距离。

语法题。考查同位语。分析句子结构知“approximatelyfromMarathontoAthens.”是对前一句的“26milesand385yards”距离进行补充说明;故这里填写的词应该是这个距离的同位语,因此A项“thedistance”正确。

16.单选题

Theyignoredhim,despitehisrepeated（）thathewasnotonthesceneofmurderthatevening.

问题1选项

A.assumptions

B.suppositions

C.affirmations

D.confirmations

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。assumption"假定,设想";supposition"猜测,推测";affirmation"断言,认定";confirmation"证实,确认"。句意：尽管他一再申明那天晚上他不在谋杀现场，他们对他还是置之不理。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

问题1选项

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.arisenfrom由……引起，起因于•B.contributedto导致

C.patchedup平息（争吵）；修补（关系）D.participatedin参与

【考查点】词组辨析

【解题思路】划线词前文是“美国内战（TheAmericanCivilWar）”，后文是“关于奴隶制的分歧（differencesoverslavery）”。根据历史常识可知，美国内战是由南北政府关于奴隶制的分歧造成的，原文使用的是主动语态，因此，A选项“由……引起，起因于”符合前后逻辑。原文stemmedfrom“起源于”。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。

【句意】美国内战被认为源于对奴隶制的分歧。

18.单选题

Bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,paintersandsculptorsintheUnitedStateshadbeguntoexert______overart.

问题1选项

A.agreatworldwideinfluence

B.influenceworldwideagreat

C.influenceagreatworldwide

D.aworldwideinfluencegreat

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词前的形容词顺序问题。很多个形容词修饰名词，其先后顺序为数量、大小、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、名词性形容词；句意：到了二十世纪中叶，在美国的画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。因此A项正确。

19.翻译题

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】当一些美国人谈及英语的优点时，几乎总是一开始就赞美其词汇量之庞大，英语的词汇比任何其他语言的词汇至少多一倍。然而，吸引外国人的并不是词汇量大，相反，浩瀚的词汇很容易令外国人担忧。真正赢得外国人的是英语简练和淳朴的特征。尽管英语中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音节词，但我们却更多地使用短语，少用长词。而且，我们总是努力把长词缩短。以前使用puniligrion，现在缩短成了pun；昨天还是gasoline，今天已成为gas。欧洲没有任何一种其他语言有这么多由三个字母构成的单词，也没有如此多由四个单词构成的语言。“Firstcomes,firstserved（先到先供应）”便是典型的英语，因为它一目了然、朴实无华、短小精悍。

20.单选题

Heacknowledgedthatthe_______offinancialsupportintheelectiontooklonghoursofpersuasion.

问题1选项

A.gestation

B.enlistment

C.establishment

D.temperance

【答案】B

【解析】gestation怀孕,酝酿；enlistment征募,获得;establishment确立,制定;temperance节欲,戒酒。句意：他承认在选举中获得财政支持需要长时间的劝说。选项B符合句意。

21.单选题

It’sinyourbest（）toquitsmoking,foryouhavesomebreathingproblems.

问题1选项

A.sake

B.benefit

C.advantage

D.interest

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：戒烟对你最有利，因为你有一些呼吸问题。beinsb’s(best)interest(s)(todosth)=bethebestthingforsomeone，因此D选项正确。

22.单选题

I’msurethatIcansoon（

）himintoacceptingourplan.

问题1选项

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。talksbinto...表示“说服某人做某事”。句意：我确信我很快就能说服他接受我们的计划。选项C符合句意。

23.单选题

Reachingadealontaxreformwouldbeahugeundertaking,（）withpotentialpoliticalpitfallsthatcoulddoomit.

问题1选项

A.trite

B.rife

C.reveling

D.trifling

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。trite“陈腐的，平庸的”；rife“普遍的，流行的”；reveling“陶醉的”；trifling“微不足道的”。句意：就税收改革达成协议是一项艰巨的任务，通常会充满潜在的政治风险，可能会使其失败。又根据固定搭配rifewith“充满，充斥着”。选项B符合题意。

24.案例题

Mostofustellonetwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausethelieswetellareusuallylittleones:"Igotstuckintraffic.""Thatcolorlooksgoodonyou.""Iwasjustabouttocall."

Buteventhesmallestfibmaysoonbesystematicallyexposed,atleastinthevirtualWorld.Researchersatseveraluniversitiesaredevelopingsoftwarethatcandetectliesinonlinecommunicationssuchasinstantmessagese-mailsandchatrooms.Theabilitytospot"digitaldeception",asresearcherscallit,hasneverbeenmorecrucial.Today,muchofourbusinessandsociallifeisconductedonline,makingusincreasinglyvulnerable.Whitecollarcriminals,sexualpredators,scammers,identitythievesandeventerroristssurfthesameWebastherestofus.

Conventionalliedetectorslookforphysiologicalsignsofanxiety—abeadofsweatoraracingpulse—butonlinesystemsexamineonlytheliar'swords."Whenwe'relookingatlanguage,we'relookingatthetoolofthelie,"saysJeffHancock,anassistantprofessorofcommunicationandamemberofthefacultyofcomputingandinformationscienceatCornellUniversity.

Hancock,whorecentlyreceiveda$680,000grantfromtheNationalScienceFoundationtostudydigitaldeception,saysthereisagrowingbodyofevidencethatthelanguageofdishonestmessagesisdifferentthanthatofhonestones.Forexample,onestudyledbyHancockandduetobepublishedthisspringinDiscourseProcessesfoundthatdeceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.Liarsalsotendtousefewerfirst-personreferences(suchasthepronoun"I")andmorethird-personreferences(suchas"he"and"they").Thismaybetheliar'ssubconsciouswayofdistancinghimselffromhislie.

Moresurprising,Hancockandhiscolleagueshaveobservedthatthetargetsofliarsalsoexhibitdistinctivelanguagepatterns.Forinstance,peoplewhoarebeingdeceivedoftenuseshortersentencesandaskmorequestions.Eventhoughtheymaynotbeawarethattheyarebeingliedto,peopleseemtoexhibitsubconscioussuspicions.

Toidentifythepatternsofdeceit,Hancockhasdevelopedaninstant-messagingsystematCornellthatasksuserstoratethedeceptivenessofeachmessagetheysend.Thesystemhasalreadycollected10,000messages,ofwhichabout6percentqualifyaspatentlydeceptive.Eventuallytheresultswillbeincorporatedintosoftwarethatanalyzesincomingmessages.

Fornow,theCornellresearchersareworkingonlywiththekindsofliestoldbystudentsandfaculty.Itremainstobeseenwhethersuchasystemcanbescaleduptohandle"big"lies,suchasmessagessentbyconartistsandterrorists.

Fortunately,theresearchsofarsuggeststhatpeoplelielessoftenine-mailthanface-to-faceoronthephone.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting.Hancockspeculates."Ane-mailgeneratesmultiplecopies,"hesays."Itwilllastlongerthansomethingcarvedinrock."Sochooseyourwordscarefully.Theinternetmaysoonberidnotonlydeceitbutalsooflameexcuses.

1.Thedigitalpolygraphconductstestingbasedon（）.

2.Listoneofthedifferencesbetweenfalsepretencesandunfeignedmessages,accordingtoHancock'sstudy.

3.Thelanguagepatternsofthoseharboringsuspiciousperspectiveswouldbecharacteristicsof.

4.WhydoesHancockneedtheratingresultsofthemessagedeceptiveness?

5.Whydopeoplelielessine-mailmessagesthanconfrontingwitheachotheraccordingtoHancock's

speculation?

【答案】1.theliar'swords.

2.AccordingtoHancock'sstudy,deceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.

3.thetargetsofliars.

4.Toidentifythepatternsofdeceit.

5.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting.

【解析】1.根据第三段的第一句“Conventionalliedetectorslookforphysiologicalsignsofanxiety—abeadofsweatoraracingpulse—butonlinesystemsexamineonlytheliar'swords.”传统的测谎仪寻找焦虑的生理信号,而电子测谎仪只检测说谎者的话语。所以这里应填入“theliar'swords.”

2.根据第四段的第二句“Processesfoundthatdeceptivee-mailmessa