考研考博-英语-北京石油化工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京石油化工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thesuspect（）thathehadnotbeenintheneighborhoodatthetimeofthecrime.

问题1选项

A.advocated

B.alleged

C.addressed

D.announced

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项advocate“提倡，拥护”，B项allege“宣称，断言”，C项address“设法解决，致辞”，D项announce“宣布”。根据句子意思“嫌疑犯（）说案发时他不在附近”可知，空格部分填入allege最符合句意。句意：嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在附近。因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题

Thesenaturalresourceswillbedepletedsoonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationgoeson.

问题1选项

A.minimized

B.deployed

C.inclined

D.mingled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项minimized“使减到最少；小看，极度轻视；最小化”；B选项deployed“配置；展开；使疏开；部署”；C选项inclined“使……倾向”；D选项mingled“（使）相混，融合；掺和；（在社交场合）相交往，应酬”。句意：如果按目前的开采速度继续下去，这些自然资源迟早会枯竭。本句关键词bedepleted表示“被耗尽”，beminimized可以做同义替换，表示被最小化，被减到最少；因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderobjectivelyselectedfacts;Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovideinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.

However,theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshouldconfinethemselves（1）the"facts":Thisinsistence

（2）twoquestions:Whatarethefacts?Arethebarefactsenough?

Astothefirstquestion,considerhowaso-called"factual"storycomesabout.Thereportercollects

（3）

fiftyfacts;outofthesefiftyhisspace（4）

beingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsten

（5）

heconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshall

（6）

theleadofthepiece.(Thisisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonot

（7）

eyondthefirstparagraph.)ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeimpact,

（8）

onpagetwenty-four,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.

Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called"factual"or"objective"story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlike

（9）

involvedininterpretation,inwhichreporterandeditor,calling

（10）

theirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir"newsneutralism"arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

问题1选项

A.with

B.by

C.through

D.to

问题2选项

A.raises

B.rises

C.arises

D.rouses

问题3选项

A.speak

B.state

C.remark

D.say

问题4选项

A.agreement

B.assignment

C.allotment

D.arrangement

问题5选项

A.what

B.which

C.how

D.whether

问题6选项

A.determine

B.involve

C.constitute

D.organize

问题7选项

A.progress

B.prolong

C.prospect

D.proceed

问题8选项

A.rather

B.than

C.or

D.instead

问题9选项

A.that

B.this

C.these

D.those

问题10选项

A.up

B.off

C.upon

D.for

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:C

【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。confinesb.to“将某人限定在…内”，答案D

第2题:考查固定搭配。此空意为提出问题raisequestions，答案A

第3题:考查动词辨析。say做副词用，前后用逗号隔开，表示“大约、例如”，答案D

第4题:考查名词辨析。agreement协议；arrangement安排；assignment分派指定的任务；allotment分配、配发。由上下文可知此空意为“分配”，答案C

第5题:考查连词辨析。此处由which引导定语从句，答案B

第6题:考查动词辨析。determine决定、下决心；involve包含、牵涉；constitute组成，构成；organize组织。句意：编辑要从这十个事实选一个构成总领。答案C

第7题:考查动词辨析。progress进步；prolong延长；prospect勘探；proceed继续进行。句意：读者不会继续再读下一段。答案D

第8题:考查固定搭配。whether…or…“不管…还是…”

第9题:考查代词辨析。those指代judgments

第10题:考查词组辨析。callup征召…入伍；calloff取消；callupon号召，要求，拜访；callfor要求、需要。句意：记者和编辑会结合调查资源、大环境背景和新闻中立性原则……答案C

4.单选题

13.

问题1选项

A.Youmayfindmanyofthemonthebookseller’shelves.

B.Youcanbuyitfromalmosteverybookstore.

C.It’saverypopularmagazine.

D.Itdoesn’tsellverywell.

【答案】C

【解析】M:HaveyouheardofthemagazineTheWorldofEnglish?

W:Ofcourse.ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutTheWorldofEnglish?

【解析】固定词组。女士说：ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves，即WorldofEnglish是热销英语杂志之一。

5.写作题

Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsethespaceprovidedonyourAnswerSheetII.

TOPICManypeoplejudgethevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulness.Whatisyouropiniononthistopic?Supportyourargumentwithreasonsorexamples.

【答案】【参考范文】

Peopletendtojudgethevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulness.AlthoughIunderstandwhypeopledoso,Istillholdthatthevalueofthingsshouldnotbejudgedonlybytheirpracticalityorusefulness.

Tostartwith,thevalueofthingscannotbejudgedbyanyone-dimensionalstandard.Athingmayhavedifferentvaluesintheeyesofdifferentpeople.Judgingthevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulnessisjustonedimensionbutnotnecessarilythebestdimension.Fromamundaneoutlook,practicalthingsmaybringpeoplemorebenefitsandrewards.Lookingfromahistoricalperspective,wecouldfindtheoriginofsuchautilitarianoutlookinsomehardtimes.Duringthosehistoricalperiodswhenascarcityoffoodwasaubiquitousphenomenon,survivalwasoftheutmostpriority,andjudgingthevalueofthingsfromtheirusefulnesscouldensurehumanbeing’ssurvivaltoamaximumextent.Afterall,therewaslittlechanceforpeopletowastetheirpreciousresourcesonuselessthings.

However,asthelivingstandardisrisinghigherandhigherinmodernsociety,nowadayspeoplearemuchlessworriedabouttheadequacyoflivingsubstancesthantheywereinthebygoneages.Atthistime,howtojudgethevalueofthingshasbecomeamultidimensionalchoice.Someindividualsbegintocherishspiritualoraestheticvalueofthings.Newgenerationsareoftenpursuingdifferentkindsofvalueinapostmodernsociety,andthepracticalityisnolongerthesinglestandardtomeasurethevalueofthings.

Furthermore,theaestheticvalueofthingsisalsoadimensionwhichdeservesourattention.Fewofuscouldresistthetemptationofabeautifulfreshflower,aswellasthehealingpowerofanunforgettablemelody,andthecolorfulglamourofanexquisitepainting.Theremaybelittlepracticaluseinartorartisticobjects,buttheydohaveavalueintheeyesofanappreciatingadmirer.Althoughthespiritualvalueofathinglooksintangible,itcouldreallyexertaprofoundinfluenceonpeople.Forinstance,gazingattheworldfamouspainting“Sunflower”onthewall,wecouldfeelVincentvanGogh’sburningvitalityandgetinspiredwhenweareinagloomymood.ListeningtoMozart’smusicdohelpusrelaxinapleasantmood.

Therefore,therearemanywayswecanemploytomeasurethevalueofthings.Itisone-sidedtojudgethevalueofthingsonlybytheirpracticalityorusefulness.

6.单选题

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.（

）,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.

问题1选项

A.Nevertheless

B.Then

C.Besides

D.Asaresult

【答案】A

【解析】连词词义辨析。分析四个选项可知，所提供的四个选项均为从句的连接词，因此要先分析两句之间的关系。根据句意‘在科学上专业人员与业余科研人员之间并没有明确的分界线。然而，“业余”这个词的确有这样一个含义，即相关人员无法完全融入这一科学领域。’可知前后两句之间是转折的关系，B选项then表示承接关系；D选项asaresult表示因果关系，与此不符，排除；C选项besides表示“除此之外还有”，是意思上的一种递进，不符，排除，A选项nevertheless“然而，不过，虽然如此”正确。

7.单选题

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

问题1选项

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aspiration“渴望；抱负”；B选项inspiration“灵感；鼓舞”；C选项attraction“吸引力；引力”；D选项tenacity“韧性；固执”。句意：买房买车已经成为新一代白领的······，当然还有去国外度假。句中的“买房买车”、“去国外度假”符合“渴望”的内容。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

ItoldhimthatIwould（

）himtoactformewhileIwasawayfromoffice.

问题1选项

A.identify

B.authorize

C.rationalize

D.justify

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。identify“确定；鉴定”；authorize“批准，认可；授权给”；rationalize“使……合理化”；justify“证明...是正当的；替”。句意：我告诉他在我不在办公室期间，我会授权他代表我。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Thevirusattackstheplant,theflowerdoesnotopen,and（）noseedsareproduced.

问题1选项

A.consequently

B.subsequently

C.simultaneously

D.spontaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副词辨析题。consequently因此，结果；subsequently随后，后来；simultaneously同时地；spontaneously自发地，不由自主地。句意：病毒攻击植物，花不能开放，因此种子也没有发芽。这里强调的是因果联系，所以选项A正确。

10.单选题

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项impart“给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露”；B选项ponder“考虑；沉思”；C选项meddle“干预；干涉”；D选项abound“富于；充满”。句意：去干涉与你无关的事情是不明智的。根据句意判断出C选项正确。

11.单选题

The（）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项origin“起源、来源”，往往与过去的活动、风俗、事件等有关；B选项generation“产生、发生”，通常经过生产、操作等过程；C选项descent“遗传，派生，世系”；D选项cause“原因，因由”，一般指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：那个词的起源虽不为人所知，但肯定不是来自希腊语。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Nobodylikestaxes.

Nowthat’safairlysafestatementtomake.IknowIdon’t.OneofthereasonsImovedbacktotheUSfromCanada,isthatAmericanspayfarfewertaxesthanCanadiansdo.Infact,itseemstobepartoftheAmericandreamtoavoidpayinganytaxes.Wedon’twanttopaythemontheInternet.Manystatesdon’twanttheircitizenstopaystatetaxes.Andahugefederalincometaxcutwasjustpushedthrough.

Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.Braintreehasaproblem.NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5—thelawthatsaysthetowngovernmentcannotraiseeachyear’staxlevymorethan2.5percentabovethepreviousyear’scharges.Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.WhichmeanthatresidenttaxrateswereamongthelowestintheBostonarea.

Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.Especiallyitsschools.Whileeverybodywaspattinghimselforherselfonthebackforkeepingtaxesdown,school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.Theschooldepartmentwants$100milliontofixtheschools.Millionsmorewillbeneededforroadrepairsandfixingthetown’sworseningwaterandsewerlines.

Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear.Andprobablyforthenextfewyearsaswell.Anddon’tforget,thissituationaffectsmorethanjustthetown’sinfrastructure.Realestatepriceswillsufferaswell.Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?

Thereisalessoninallthis—notpayingenoughtaxisjustasbadaspayingtoomuchtax.TherearesomepeopleintheUSwhopointoutthatalltaxmoneyshouldbegivenbacktoindividuals,notthevariousbranchesofgovernment.It’sourmoney,theycry.Inoneway,agreewiththem,itisourmoney.Butthefacttheyconvenientlyforget—orignore—isthatthemoneythegovernmentkeepsis“our”moneyaswell.That’sbecauseitpaysforOURschools,OURroads,OURmilitary,OURcommunitiesinneedofhelpaftereventslikefloodsorotherdisasters.

1.InwhatwaymightpeopleofBraintreethinkdifferentaboutpayingtaxes?

2.WhatmakestheauthorcometotheconclusionthatpeopleinBraintreepaythelowesttaxratesintheBostonareaisthefactthat________.

3.WhatistheallegedproblemthatfacesBraintreeatpresent?

4.Whentheauthorquotesfromhismotherthat“onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong”(thefourthparagraph),hemeansthat________.

5.Withregardtopayingtaxes,theauthorisactuallysayingthat________.

问题1选项

A.Theythinkthegovernment’staxcutplanisimpracticable.

B.Theythinktheyhavebeenpayingtoomanytaxes.

C.Theythinkthetowngovernmentmisusethetaxestheyhavepaid.

D.Theythinkpayingenoughtaxesisnecessarytokeepingthingsgoing.

问题2选项

A.thetownhasneverchangeditstaxationlawinthelast20years

B.thetownhasbeenafast-developingone

C.thetownhasneverfloatedbondstopayitsdebtinthelast20years

D.manymoreschools,roadsandthelikehavebeenbuiltrecently

问题3选项

A.Nooneiswillingtopayanytaxes.

B.Notenoughattentionispaidtoeducations.

C.Thetownnothaveenoughmoneytoexpanditsinfrastructure.

D.Thetowndoesnotcollectenoughtaxestokeepitselfingoodshape.

问题4选项

A.onehastotastethebitterresultifheisblindtoaproblem

B.keepingeverythingingoodorderistooheavyaburdenforasmalltown

C.oneshouldneverkeepanelephantinhislivingroomforlong

D.smalltownshouldnotlevytooheavyataxagainstpeople’swill

问题5选项

A.payingenoughtaxesisthecitizen’sobligation

B.hedoesnotliketaxesandwouldavoidthemifhecould

C.thegovernmentshouldnotabusethetaxes

D.thegovernmentshouldnotlevytooheavyatax

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.（毫无疑问，仍然有人认为我们纳税太多。但是马萨诸塞州布伦特里人可能想法不同。）和第四段第一、二句Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.（但有一个问题。布伦特里正在分崩离析。），可知布伦特里人不认为他们纳税过多，相反因为纳税过少导致问题出现，D选项“他们认为付足够的税是维持生活的必要条件”正确；B选项“他们认为他们已经纳税太多”不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。A选项“他们认为政府的减税计划行不通”和C选项“他们认为市政府滥用他们缴纳的税款”：文中没有提到政府减税和政府滥用税款，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第三句Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.（他们也没有发行任何债券来偿还债务。），可知C选项“在过去的20年里，这个城镇从未发行过债券来偿还债务”正确。A选项“在过去的20年里，这个城镇从未改变过税法”：根据第三段第四句NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5（在过去的20年里，该镇从未通过无视2.5号提案的决议），没有提到关于纳税的所有法规都没有通过，只是关于其中一项没有改变，属于曲解原文。B选项“这个城镇发展很快”：根据第三段倒数第二句Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.（布伦特里还是一个相当繁华的商业小镇。），但这不等同于小镇发展速度很快，属于曲解原文。D选项“最近修建了更多的学校、道路和类似的东西”：根据第四段第四句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded（学校、道路、桥梁等设施的年久失修，并没有得到应有的关注），可知不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第四、五句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.（学校、道路、桥梁等设施的年久失修，并没有得到应有的关注。但即使人们注意到了，也做不了什么，因为镇上没有足够的钱来支付必要的维修费用。），可知问题的根源在于没有钱，而这是因为征税不足，D选项“这个城镇没有征收足够的税来保持良好发展”正确；不修缮学校不是因为不重视教育，而是缺少资金，B选项“对教育不够重视”属于曲解原文；这里提到的不是扩大基础设施，只是对其进行维修，C选项“这个城镇没有足够的钱来扩大它的基础设施”属于曲解原文。A选项“没有人愿意交税”：根据第五段Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear…Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?（天啊，天啊，今年在布伦特里的人们要交某种税了……谁愿意搬到一个学校破败、道路糟糕、水源问题丛生的小镇？），这里暗指人们愿意交税，不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。

因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第六、七句Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.（就像我妈妈常说的，人们只能忽视客厅里的大象这么久了。现在是时候付钱了。），客厅里的大象是非常明显的现象，指的是纳税不足导致的各种问题，而这个问题如果不解决，迟早有一天会严重到不得不解决的独步，A选项“如果一个人对问题视而不见，就会尝到苦果”正确；C选项“一个人不应该把大象长时间放在客厅里”仅仅解释了字面意思，没有解释内涵，属于偷换概念；这里表达的意思是需要增税，D选项“小镇不应该征收违背人们意愿的重税”属于反向干扰。B选项“对于一个小镇来说，保持一切井井有条负担太沉重”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。作者在第一、二段阐述不想纳税的观点，随后举出布伦特因为纳税不够而导致问题的例子，在最后一段总结征税过多和过少都会导致问题，并且强调政府的钱最后用于公民的生活，A选项“缴纳足够的税款是公民的义务”正确；D选项“不应征税过重”文中有提到，但是不是重点，属于曲解原文。B选项“他不喜欢税收，如果可能，他会尽量避免”：作者在开头提出不喜欢征税的观点是为了吸引读者注意和欲扬先抑，这不是作者想要表达的核心观点，属于反向干扰。C选项“不应滥用税收”：文中没有提到政府滥用税收，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。

13.写作题

Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingthefactthatstudentsofhumanityandartcanbenefitthemselvesalotbyattendingtoscienceorengineeringcourse,andthestudentsofscienceandengineeringcanprofitbyreferringtohumanitydisciplinessuchasliterature,linguistics,history,andartsetcTheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenartandscienceisknowntoallofus,thoughsomemanyvoicedifferentopinions.Buthowtorelatesciencetoartisabigquestionforstudents.Nowpleasegiveyourstanceorposeasaresearcherinyourareainlightofrelatingarttoscienceifyouareacceptedasapostgraduatestudent.

Youshouldsupplyatitleforyourarticlewhichshouldbeabout300wordsinlength.Inthefirstpartofyourarticleyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】ScienceandArt14.单选题

Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

问题1选项

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect“完美的”；total“全部的”；sheer“绝对的；纯粹的”；integral“完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

问题1选项

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。A选项surround“围绕，包围”；B选项circle“盘旋，环绕……移动”；C选项observe“观察，遵守”；D选项view“观察，考虑”。句意：为了熟悉飞机的操纵，这个人不得不环绕着机场飞行了好几次。选项B符合语境。

16.单选题

Informerrevolutionarybaseareas,thepoverty-strickenpeoplecannotaffordtolivein______conditions.

问题1选项

A.gracious

B.decent

C.honorable

D.positive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gracious“宽厚的；仁慈的”；B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”；C选项honorable“可敬的；保护声誉的；体面的”；D选项positive“积极的”。句意：在旧的革命根据地，贫困群众不能拥有______的生活条件。根据语境，B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”搭配conditions“条件”比较合理，意思指生活条件优越。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

问题1选项

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

问题2选项

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

问题3选项

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

问题4选项

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

问题5选项

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。

18.单选题

Ournewfirm（）foracredible,aggressiveindividualwithgreatskillstofillthisposition.

问题1选项

A.havelooked

B.arelooking

C.islooking

D.look

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我们的新公司正在寻找一个可靠的、有进取心的、有很强技能的人来填补这个职位。填空处应填入单数谓语动词，选项C符合语境。

19.单选题

Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.

问题1选项

A.short-term

B.acute

C.bitter

D.long-lasting 

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项short-term“短期的”；B选项acute“严重的，[医]急性的；敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；C选项bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的”；D选项long-lasting“持久的；长期的，持续时间长的”。句意：我们知道，慢性疼痛会扰乱一个人的生活，导致从旷工到抑郁等一系列问题。结合此处关键词chronic“慢性的；长期的；习惯性的”，得知D选项正确。

20.单选题

TheplottoassassinateMartinLutherKinghadstarted___hewasactuallykilled.

问题1选项

A.beforelong

B.longbefore

C.solong

D.goalong

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.beforelong没过多久B.longbefore很早以前

C.solong这么长时间D.goalong进行；支持；赞同

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】“刺杀计划”（Theplottoassassinate）和空白处后“他真的被杀了”的逻辑可知：刺杀计划在他真正死后之前就开始了。同时，空白处之前的时态为过去完成时，空白处后的时态为过去时。这也说明了两者之间的先后关系。综上所述，B选项longbefore“很早以前”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“之前”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】

A选项beforelong意为“不久以后”；longbefore是“很久以前”。Beforelong用作时间状语，常与将来时、过去时态连用；longbefore体现过去时态，常用于过去时或过去完成时；

C、D选项不符合句子结构，无法与句子结合。

【句意】刺杀马丁•路德•金的计划在实施前酝酿已久。

21.单选题

Animportantnewindustry,oilrefining,grewaftertheCivilWar.Crudeoil,orpetroleum——adark,thickooze(渗出物)fromtheearthhadbeenknownforhundredsofyears.Butlittleusehadeverbeenmadeofit.Inthe1850'sSamuelM.Kier,amanufactureinwesternPennsylvania,begancollectingtheoilfromlocalseepageandrefiningitintokerosene.Refining,likesmelting,isaprocessofremovingimpuritiesfromarawmaterial.

Kerosenewasusedtolightlamps.Itwasacheapsubstituteforwhaleoil,whichwasbecominghardertoget.Soontherewasalargedemandforkerosene.Peoplebegantosearchfornewsuppliesofpetroleum.

ThefirstoilwellwasdrilledbyE.L.Drake,aretiredrailroadconductor.In1859hebegandrillinginTitusville,Pennsylvania,Thewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalledit’’Drake’sFolly”.Butwhenhehaddrilleddownabout70feet(21meters)Drakestruckoil.Hiswellbegantoyield20barrelsofcrudeoiladay.

NewsofDrake'ssuccessbroughtoilprospectorstothescene.Bytheearly1860'sthesewildcattersweredrillingfor"blackgold”alloverwesternPennsylvania.TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush.

Crudeoilcouldberefinedintomanyproducts.Forsomeyearskerosenecontinuedtobetheprincipalone.Itwassoldingrocerystoresanddoor-to-door.Inthe1880'sand189(Tsrefinerslearnedhowtomakeotherproductssuchaswaxesandlubricatingoils.Petroleumwasnotthenusedtomakegasolineorheatingoil.

1.Accordingtothepassage,manypeopleinitiallythoughtthatE.L.Drakehadmadeamistake（

）

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatis"blackgold"?

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheCaliforniagoldrush?

4.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingaspossibleproductsofcrudeoilEXCEPT（

）.

5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.movingtoPennsylvania

B.retiringfromhisjob

C.searchingforoil

D.goingonawhalingexpedition

问题2选项

A.goldore

B.stolenmoney

C.whaleoil

D.crudeoil

问题3选项

A.ToindicatetheextentofUnitedStatesmineralwealth.

B.Toarguethatgoldwasmorevaluablethanoil

C.Todescribethemoodwhenoilwasfirstdiscovered

D.Toexplaintheneedforanincreasedsupplyofgold

问题4选项

A.gasoline

B.kerosene

C.wax

D.plastic

问题5选项

A.OilRefining:AHistoricalPerspective.

B.KeroseneLamps:AlightintheTunnel.

C.TheCaliforniaGoldRush:GetRichQuickly.

D.PrivateProperty:TrespasserswillBeProsecuted.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第三段In1859hebegandrillinginTitusville,Pennsylvania,Thewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalledit”Drake’sFolly'1859年，他开始在宾西法尼亚州的提特斯维尔钻探石油，整个计划看起来既不切实际又愚蠢，旁观者称之为“德雷克的愚蠢”。说明了人们对找油田的时表示怀疑和嘲讽。C选项符合题意。

2.文章第三段第二行很明显指出黑金指的就是石油，D选项正确。

3.根据文章倒数第二段最后一行TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush.这场繁荣在其兴奋和狂野的西部氛围上堪比1848年的加利福尼亚淘金热。它给勘探者带来的财富远远超过淘金热。确定C选项‘描述石油首次被发现时的心情’正确。

4.A,B,C选项文章都有描述，D选项‘塑料’在文中没有涉及，所以答案为D。

5.全文主要论述了石油冶炼的相关事情，包括在加利福尼亚西部钻油等历史。所以A选项符合题意。

22.单选题

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoumoregoodthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodformemory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.Theparticularstageofsleepinwhic