考研考博-英语-南京师范大学中北学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京师范大学中北学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Afteryearsof______war,theGreatWallwasconstructedto______theChinesepeople.

问题1选项

A.internecine...instigate

B.destructive...resurrect

C.tect

D.amicable...unite

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.internecine...instigate（团体、国家、组织）内部发生的……使（正式）开始B.destructive...resurrect引起破坏（或毁灭）的……重新应用

C.tect持续不断的……保护D.amicable...unite心平气和的……联合

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词和动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据theGreatWall（长城）和Chinesepeople（中国人）可知，建造长城是用来保护人民的，所以第二个空格要填入protect；而根据历史常识可知，那个时候中国经历了不断的战争，所以第一个空格填入unceasing恰当。故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】经过多年不断的战争，长城被建造来保护中国人民。

2.单选题

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

问题2选项

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

问题3选项

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

问题4选项

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

问题5选项

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.150年来，科学家们一直试图确定太阳常数，即到达地球的太阳能总量。然而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。”可知本文的主题是solarconstant太阳常数，主要讨论太阳常数的测量问题。故C项正确。

2.判断推理题。Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。大气中的气体分子和尘埃颗粒吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面。所以作者提到气体分子和尘埃颗粒是想说明这两者阻碍了对太阳常数的精确测量。故D项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段“ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.科学家们认为，这些波动与太阳黑子上大群太阳黑子的出现和消失相吻合。太阳黑子是太阳表面上相对黑暗的区域，具有很强的磁场，温度比太阳表面的其他部分低2000华氏度。可知太阳常数的波动与太阳黑子的活动有关，故A项正确。

4.判断推理题。由最后一段“AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.尽管太阳活动极大期的数据显示太阳活动缓慢而稳定地减少。一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，该卫星的老化探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。可知由于卫星的老化有可能使得探测不敏感，所以科学家认为太阳活动极大期的信息可能不准确。故C项正确，

5.文章最后一段讲了对于太阳常数的研究已经展开，这是项复杂而艰巨的工程，需要持续不断的研究和努力。故A项正确。

3.单选题

Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty______tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.

问题1选项

A.thatispossible

B.thatitispossible

C.whetheritispossible

D.aboutwhatispossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。uncertainty后面的句子正是作为同位语用来修饰这个先行词，而只有whether可以表示“不确定性”，因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Althoughthecolonists（

）tosomeextentwiththenativeAmericans,theIndiansinfluenceonAmericancultureandlanguagewasnotextensive.

问题1选项

A.migrated

B.matched

C.mingled

D.melted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。migrate“移居，使移植”；match“匹配”；mingle“混合，交往”；melt“融化”。句意：尽管殖民地居民在很大程度上与当地美国人混杂而居，但是印第安人对美国文化和语言的影响比较少。选项C符合题意。

5.填空题

THEIRONBRIDGE

TheIronBridgewasthefirstofaskindinEuropeandisuniversallyrecognizedasasymboloftheIndustrialRevolution.

A:TheIronBridgecrossestheRiverSeverninCoalbrookdale,inthewestofEngland.Itwasthefirstcast-ironbridgetobesuccessfullyerected,andthefirstlargecast-ironstructureoftheindustrialageinEurope,althoughtheChinesewereexpertiron-castersmanycenturiesearlier.

B:Riversusedtotheequivalentoftoday’smotorways,inthattheywereextensivelyusedfortransportation.TheRiverSevern,whichstartsitslifeontheWelshmountainsandeventuallyenterstheseabetweenCardiffandBristol,isthelongestnavigableriverinBritain.Itwasidealfortransportationpurpose,andspecialboatswerebuilttonavigatethewaters.Bythemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury,theSevernwasoneofthebusiestriversinEurope.Localgoods,includingcoal,ironproducts,wool,grainandcider,weresentbyriver.Amongthegoodscomingupstreamwereluxuriessuchassugar,tea,coffeeandwine.Inplaces,theriverbankswerelinedwithwharvesandtheriverwasoftencrowdedwithboatsloadingorunloading.

C:In1638,BasilBrookepatentedasteel-makingprocessandbuiltafurnaceatCoalbrookdale.ThislaterbecamethepropertyofAbrahamDarby(referredtoasAbrahamDarbyItodistinguishhimfromhissonandgrandsonofthesamename.)AfterservinganapprenticeshipinBirmingham,DarbyhadstartedabusinessinBristol,buthemovedtoCoalbrookdalein1710withanideathatcokederivedfromcoalcouldprovideamoreeconomicalalternativetocharcoalasafuelforironmaking.Thisledtocheaper,moreefficientironmakingfromtheabundantsuppliesofcoal,ironandlimestoneinthearea.

D:Hisson,AbrahamDarbyII,pioneeredthemanufactureofcastiron,andhadtheideaofbuildingabridgeovertheSevern,asferryingstoresofallkindsacrosstheriver,particularlythelargequantitiesoffuelforthefurnacesatCoalbrookdaleandothersurroundingironworks,involvedconsiderableexpenseanddelay.However,itwashissonAbrahamDarbyIII(bornin1750)who,in1775,organizedameetingtoplanthebuildingofabridge.Thiswasdesignedbyalocalarchitect,ThomasPritchard,whohadtheideaofconstructingitofiron.

E:Sectionswerecastduringthewinterof1778-9fora7-metre-widebridgewithaspanof31metres,12metresabovetheriver.Constructiontookthreemonthsduringthesummerof1779,andremarkably,nobodywasinjuredduringtheconstructionprocess-afeatalmostunheardofeveninmodernmajorcivilengineeringprojects.Workontheapproachroadscontinuedforanothertwoyears,andthebridgewasopenedtotrafficin1781AbrahamDarbyⅢfundedthebridgebycommissioningpaintingsandengravings,buthelostalotontheproject,whichhadcostnearlydoubletheestimate,andhediedleavingmassivelargerdebtsin1789,agedonly39.Thedistrictdidnotflourishformuch1onger,andduringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesfactoriescloseddown.Since1934thebridgehasbeenopenonlytopedestrians.UniversallyrecognizedasthesymboloftheIndustrialRevolution,theIronBridgenowstandsattheheartoftheIronBridgeGorgeWorldHeritageSite.

F:Ithasalwaysbeenamysteryhowthebridgewasbuilt.Despiteitspioneeringtechnologynoeye-witnessaccountsareknownwhichdescribetheironbridgebeingerected—andcertainlynoplanshavesurvived.However,recentdiscoveries,researchandexperimentshaveshednewlightonexactlyhowitwasbuilt,challengingtheassumptionsofrecentdecades.In1997asmallwatercoloursketchbyEliasMartincametolightintheSwedishcapital,Stockholm.Althoughthereisawealthofearlyviewsofthebridgebynumerousartists,thisistheonlyonewhichactuallyshowsitunderconstruction.

G:Upuntilrecentlyithadbeenassumedthatthebridgehadbeenbuiltfrombothbanks,withtheinnersupportstiltedacrosstheriver.Thiswouldhaveallowedrivertraffictocontinueunimpededduringconstruction.Butthepictureclearlyshowssectionsofthebridgebeingraisedfromabargeintheriver.Itcontradictedeverythinghistorianshadassumedaboutthebridge,anditwasevenconsideredthatthepicturecouldhavebeenafakeasnootherhadcometolight.Soin2001ahalf-scalemodelofthebridgewasbuilt,inordertoseeifitcouldhavebeenconstructedinthewaydepictedinthewatercolour.Meanwhile,adetailedarchaeological,historicalandphotographicsurveywasdonebytheIronbridgeGorgeMuseumTrust,alongwitha3DCAD(computer–aideddesign)modelbyEnglishHeritage.

H:Theresultstellusalotmoreabouthowthebridgewasbuilt.Wenowknowthatallthelargecastingsweremadeindividuallyastheyareallslightlydifferent.Thebridgewasn’tweldedorboltedtogetherasmetalbridgesarethesedays.Insteaditwasfittedtogetherusingacomplexsystemofjointsnormallyusedforwood—butthiswasthetraditionalwayinwhichironstructureswerejoinedatthetime.Theconstructionofthemodelprovedthatthepaintingshowsaveryrealisticmethodofconstructingthebridgethatcouldworkandwasinallprobabilitythemethodused.

I:NowonlyonemysteryremainsintheIronBridgestory.TheSwedishwatercoloursketchhadapparentlybeentornfromabookwhichwouldhavecontainedsimilarsketches,ithadbeendrawnbyaSwedishartistwholivedinLondonfor12yearsandtravelledBritaindrawingwhathesaw.Nobodyknowswhathashappenedtotherestofthebook,butperhapstheothersketchesstillexistsomewhere.IftheyareeverfoundtheycouldprovidefurthervaluableevidenceofhowtheIronBridgewasconstructed.

Thetexthasnineparagraphs.A-I.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?Writethecorrectletter.A-Ionyouranswersheet.（

）

1.whyabridgewasrequiredacrosstheRiverSevern

2.amethodusedtoraisemoneyforthebridge

3.whyCoalbrookdalebecameattractivetoironmakers

4.howthesectionsofthebridgewereconnectedtoeachother

【答案】1.D

2.E

3.C

4.H

【解析】1.根据文章D段，“hadtheideaofbuildingabridgeovertheSevern,asferryingstoresofallkindsacrosstheriver,particularlythelargequantitiesoffuelforthefurnacesatCoalbrookdaleandothersurroundingironworks,involvedconsiderableexpenseanddelay.”，AbrahamDarby有在塞文河上建一座桥的想法，因为需要运送各种各样的物资过河，尤其是科尔布鲁克代尔和周围其他炼铁厂的大量燃料，这要花费相当大的费用，而且耗费很长的时间。可判断出D段的主要内容是解释了在塞文河上建桥的原因。

2.根据文章E段，“AbrahamDarbyⅢfundedthebridgebycommissioningpaintingsandengravings,buthelostalotontheproject,whichhadcostnearlydoubletheestimate,andhediedleavingmassivelargerdebtsin1789,agedonly39.”，达比三世在这座桥的绘画和雕刻上赞助了资金，但他在这个项目上损失惨重，花费几乎是预期的两倍。1789年，年仅39岁的他死后留下了巨额债务。可判断出E段主要提到了桥的花费和资助问题，为这座桥筹集资金。选项E符合题意。

3.根据文章C段，“DarbyhadstartedabusinessinBristol,buthemovedtoCoalbrookdalein1710withanideathatcokederivedfromcoalcouldprovideamoreeconomicalalternativetocharcoalasafuelforironmaking.”，达比在布里斯托尔开了一家公司，但他在1710年搬到了科尔布鲁克代尔，他的想法是，从煤炭中提取的焦炭可替代木炭，是一种更经济的炼铁燃料。可判断出搬到科尔布鲁克代尔的目的在于可以利用熔炉从焦炭中提取更经济的炼铁材料，所以对炼铁工人更有吸引力。选项C符合题意。

4.根据文章H段，“Thebridgewasn’tweldedorboltedtogetherasmetalbridgesarethesedays.Insteaditwasfittedtogetherusingacomplexsystemofjointsnormallyusedforwood—butthiswasthetraditionalwayinwhichironstructureswerejoinedatthetime.”，这座桥不像现在的金属桥，焊接或用螺栓连接在一起的。相反，它是用一套常用于木材的复杂的接头系统连接在一起的——但这是当时铸铁连接的传统方式。可判断出H段主要介绍了桥的各个部分是通过什么样的方式相互连接的。选项H符合题意。

6.翻译题

Employersneedtobetterunderstandpeoplewhoaredisabled.MostofustakeoffenceattheassumptionthatcollectingSocialSecurityIncomecanprovideuseverythingweneed.Unemploymentishumiliatingandawfullyboring,andthere’snomeaningthere.Excludingsomeonebecauseheorshehasadisabilitythatdoesnotaffectperformanceisequivalenttowrongssuchashiringbasedonrace.Everyonedeservestohavetheopportunitytodoagoodjob,andasaresulthaveasenseofprideinbeingapartofsociety.

【答案】【参考译文】雇主需要更好地了解身体有障碍的人。一想到领取社会保障收入就能提供我们所需要的一切，我们大多数人都感到很生气。失业是耻辱的，而且非常无聊，没有任何意义。一个人的残疾并不影响他或她的工作表现，但是却因为这个而将他或她排除在外，这是错误的做法，这种错误无异于种族歧视。每个人都应该有机会做好工作，并因此对成为社会的一份子而感到自豪。

7.单选题

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

问题1选项

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

问题2选项

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

问题3选项

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentsshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestinthetechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段中提到“WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.”可知美国政府对全球变暖问题没有积极主动地采取相应措施。第三段中提到“Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.”虽然美国各州和国会的行动正朝着正确的方向推进，但政府在政策上的模糊性却产生了相反的效果。”可知美国政府在全球变暖这个问题上什么也没做，因此选B。

2.细节事实题。文章第三段中提到“UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.”到目前为止，美国公司还没有捕捉获碳排放的动力。可知B选项“公司在采用新技术方面没有很强的积极性。”因此B选项符合题意。A选项“现有的技术只能处理大规模的碳排放”；C选项“政府对使用煤炭和石油的政策是产生相反的效果”；D选项“公司不愿意卷入政治问题”。

3.推理判断题。文章最后一段的大意为：现在是美国政府为碳排放定价的时候了，使投资于技术使碳排放减少的公用事业将看到他们的努力得到回报。这一举措不仅会降低全球变暖带来的风险，而且对恢复美国的环保信誉也有很大帮助。因此A选项“政府应该征收碳排放，以鼓励公司采用新技术。”符合题意。

8.单选题

Don’tcarewhathesaid.Youknow,itwassaidina（）ofanger.

问题1选项

A.fit

B.ray

C.grain

D.layer

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项afitof“突发一阵，阵发”；B选项arayof“一线”；C选项agrainof“一点点；一些”D选项alayerof“一层”。句意：不用管他说什么。你知道，这是在愤怒中说的。这里指“阵发的愤怒”，因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

问题1选项

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：侦探看着嫌疑犯下了出租车，走进了街角的一家旅馆。本句谓语动词是watchedandsaw，横线处是非谓语动词，在这里指“看见他下出租车和进旅馆”的整个过程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做（瞬间）”，watch/seesb.dosth.“看见某人做了某事（全过程）”，C选项getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Apersonwhois_______typicallyhasanxiousthoughtsanddifficultyconcentrationorremembering.

问题1选项

A.stressed

B.exploited

C.prevented

D.conquered

【答案】A

【解析】stressed紧张的,有压力的;exploited利用,剥削;prevented阻止,避免;conquered战胜,征服。句意：压力大的人通常有焦虑的想法,难以集中注意力或记忆。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Theyusedtoquarrelalot,butnowtheyarecompletely（

）witheachother.

问题1选项

A.reconciled

B.negotiated

C.associated

D.accommodated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reconcile“使一致；使和解；调停”；B选项negotiate“谈判；转让；越过”；C选项associate“联系；使关联”；D选项accommodate“使适应；容纳；调节”。句意：他们以前常常吵架，但现在完全……了。由usedto“以前常常”可知现在与过去完全不一样，以前常“quarrel”，则现在应该是reconciledwith“和好了”，A选项正确的。

12.单选题

Packingallthegoodswilltake____days.

问题1选项

A.anotherten

B.otherten

C.thetenmore

D.theotherten

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.anotherten另十天B.otherten另十天

C.thetenmore另十天D.theotherten另十天

【答案】A

【考查点】语法结构。

【解题思路】句意：包装所有货物需要……天。根据选项可知，这里指包装货物还需要另外十天。anothertendays表示另外十天，another用作形容词的基本意思是“另一个的”符合语法结构。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

other用在the或形容词性物主代词之后时，与单数名词连用表示“(两个中的)另一个”这里指另一个十天，因此不能用other，所以排除B、D选项；在本句中tendays为一个整体，不能将其拆开，因此不能选C。

【句意】把所有货物装箱还要花10天时间。

13.不定项选择题

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarⅡ,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeserving,rich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican”,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

问题1选项

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

问题2选项

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

问题3选项

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

问题5选项

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?1.约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯在他的《富裕社会》一书中提出了什么问题？

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.A.为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相。

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.B.为什么富裕并不能保证幸福。

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.C.如何在今天提升幸福。

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.D.经济繁荣背后的原因。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二、三句“为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福呢？这个问题至少可以追溯到1958年约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯所著的《富裕社会》一书。”理解可知，约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯在他的《富裕社会》一书中提出了为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福这个问题，B项“为什么富裕并不能保证幸福”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相”、C项“如何在今天提升幸福”和D项“经济繁荣背后的原因”都不是在《富裕社会》一书中提出的问题，这三项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.2.加尔布雷斯认为，人们感到不满是因为______。

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedA.公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilB.政府已经被证明是必定邪恶

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionC.他们担心另一场大萧条

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsocietyD.现代社会物质主义泛滥成风

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“在加尔布雷斯看来，物质主义已经变得非常疯狂（materialismhadgonemad），并且会滋生不满情绪”理解可知，人们感到不满是因为物质主义泛滥，该题选择D项“现代社会物质主义泛滥成风”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减”根据第三段最后一句“与此同时，本可以让每个人生活更好的政府开支却被削减了，因为人们本能地且错误地将政府贴上了‘必定邪恶’的标签”可知，公共支出被削减了，该项属于反向干扰；

B项“政府已经被证明是一个必要的邪恶”，这只是人们为政府贴的标签，与人们不满无关，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“他们担心另一场大萧条”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?3.为什么当平均收入大幅增长时，人们会感到压力？

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.A.他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入。

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.B.他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降。

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.C.财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均。

D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.D.医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段最后一句“人们感到‘被挤压’，因为他们不断增长的收入往往无法满足他们不断增长的需求——更大的房子，更多的医疗保健，更多的教育，更快的互联网连接”理解可知，人们会感到压力是因为不断增长的收入无法满足不断增长的物质需求，A项“他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降”，人们的物质需求不断增长，也就是说购买力会增加，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均”和D项“医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?

4.路易斯•乌奇特利在第5段所说的“被抛弃的美国人”是什么意思？

A.Thosewhoseejobstability