同义句转换十二类型解析及练习

同义句转换十二类型解析及练习同义句转换十二类型解析及练习同义句转换十二类型解析及练习同义句转换十二类型解析及练习编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:同义句转换十二类型解析及练习类型一:运用同义词或同义词组替换原句的有关部分。【解题要领】将原句中的某些词或词组，用其同义词或同义词组进行替换改变，这是同义句转换使用最多的类型。在英语新教材中，同义词或词组的运用非常广泛，学习过程中要尽可能多地去归纳总结，以达到熟能生巧，举一反三的程度。Heisgoodatdrawing．／Hedoeswellindrawing．Thereisastrongwindtoday．／It'sverywindytoday．TomorrowwewillgotoTokyobyair．／TomorrowwewillflytoTokyo．MrWangreached／gotto／arrivedattherailwaystationatsix．Ispenttenyuanonthebook．／Ipaidtenyuanforthebook．／Thebookcostmetenyuan．Shegotaletterfromherpenfriendlastweek．（2002甘肃省）She_________________

herpenfriendlastweek．Lindalikesmusicbetterthanart．（2002呼和浩特市）Linda________

music________art．Theyenjoyedthemselvesatthegardenparty．（2002广州市）They________

________

________

________

atthegardenparty．TheSmithsteachthemselvesChineseafterwork．（2002聊城市）TheSmiths________Chinese________themselvesafterwork．【类型二】运用反义词或词组改写原句有关部分。【解题要领】此类转换主要是通过改换主语和运用其相关词或词组的反义，进行同义转换。Iborrowedacomputerfromhim．／Helentacomputertome．IthinkmathsisharderthanEnglish．/IthinkEnglishiseasierthanmaths．ChineseismorepopularthanJapanese．（2001宁夏）Japaneseis________popularthanChinese．Therunnerfellbehindtheothersthoughhedidwhathecould．Therunner________

to________withtheothersthoughhe________

his________．【类型三】运用相同涵义的不同句式来表达。【解题要领】不同的句式表达同一涵义是英语表达的显著特点。在英语新教材中，这样的句式应用得也比较广泛。如：CanIhelpyou／MayIhelpyou／WhatcanIdoforyou（我能帮你吗）应要求学生充分掌握。Theartistspenttwohoursdrawingahorse．／Ittooktheartisttwohourstodrawahorse．Shallwegotothezoo／Let'sgotothezoo，shallweWhat'stheweatherliketoday／How'stheweathertodayDon'topenthedoor，willyou（2002盐城市）Willyouplease________thedoor________HowmanypeopleliveinFrance（2002厦门市）________________thepopulationofFranceWespenttwentyminutescleaningtheroomyesterday．It________________twentyminutes________________theroomyesterday．【类型四】运用感叹句的两种句式进行转换。【解题要领】感叹句的两种句式可进行相互转换，但必须把握其句型。How＋adj．／adv．＋主语＋谓语！What＋a（an）＋adj．＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！What＋adj．＋复数名词／不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！Howkindtheboyis！／Whatakindboyheis！Howbeautifulthemusicis！／Whatbeautifulmusicitis！Howbeautifultheparkis！（2000广州市）_________________________parkitis！【类型五】运用两种时态进行改写。【解题要领】这两种时态是针对一般过去时与现在完成时而言的。一般过去时应表述发生在过去某一时间的动作，惟此，才可能转为现在完成时，并后跟一段时间，但应特别注意动词是否属于延续性动词，如果为非延续性动词，则需将其改为延续性动词或延续性状态。这样的动词主要有：begin／start—beon；come—behere；leave—beaway（from）；buy—have；borrow—keep；die—bedead；return—beback；marry—bemarried；fallasleep／gotosleep—beasleep；open—beopen；close—beclosed；catchacold—haveacold；jointheLeague／Party—beintheLeague／Party（beaLeague／Partymember）；jointhearmy—beinthearmy／beasoldier；arrivein／at—bein／at；getup—beup，等等。Heboughtanewbikelastweek．/Hehashadanewbikesincelastweek．WangTaojoinedthearmysixyearsago．/WangTaohasbeenasoldierforsixyears/WangTaohasbeeninthearmyforsixyears．Thefilmbegan20minutesago．（2002盐城市）Thefilmhasbeen______________20minutes．Sam'sgrandfatherdied10yearsago．（2002上海市）Sam'sgrandfatherhasbeen______________10years．MygrandpajoinedthePartythirtyyearsago．（2002福州市）MygrandpathePartyforthirtyyears．Igotuphalfanhourago．（2002哈尔滨市）I______________upforhalfanhour．【类型六】运用复合句和不定式进行相互改写【解题要领】此类复合句主要是宾语从句和结果状语从句，宾语从句改为不定式的句式有：1）hope／wish，besure，tell等后跟that引导的从句，可转换为不定式；2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，也可转换为“特殊疑问词＋todo”结构，构成不定式短语。so．．．that．．．引导的结果状语从句有两种情况：1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enoughto”结构互换；2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“too．．．to”结构互换，也可以改为“not＋adj．／adv．＋enoughto”。（注：此时的形容词或副词应为上句的反义词。）注意：“so．．that．．”结构前后主语不一致时，应在enough或too＋adj．后面加forsb．IhopethatIwillvisitthemoonsomeday．/Ihopetovisitthemoonsomeday．Heshowedmehowheusedacomputer．/Heshowedmehowtouseacomputer．Theroomissolargethatitcanhold1，000people．/Theroomislargeenoughtohold1，000people．Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool．/Heistooyoungtogotoschool．/Heisn'toldenoughtogotoschool．Theycanhardlydecidewhattheywilldonext．______________forthemtodecidewhat______________next．TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChineseKongfuwell．Theforeignerswanttoknow______________learnChineseKongfuwell．Heistooyoungtogotoschool．Heisn't______________togotoschool．Shewassoweakthatshecouldn'ttakecareofherbaby．Shewas_______

weak_______takecareofherbaby．［类型七］运用介词短语改写。［解题要领］英语中的介词短语，诸如attheageof，without，insteadof，withthehelpof，thanksto，bein，besatisfiedwith等，可与一些复合结构进行转换，这类结构主要是并列句或两个句子，由连词and、but、when等连接。ShebegantolearnEnglishwhenshewaseight．/Attheageofeight，shebegantolearnEnglish．Wewillgoforapicnictomorrow．Wewon'tseeafilm．/Wewillgoforapicnicinsteadofseeingafilmtomorrow．Hebegantolearnhowtouseacomputerwhenhewasfiveyearsold．（2000广州市）Hebegantolearnhowtouseacomputer________________________________________．Theheavytrafficstoppedthemfromgettingtoschoolintime．（2000成都市）________________theheavytrafficthey________________forschool．［类型八］运用被动语态进行改写。［解题要领］通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，在转换过程中，掌握被动语态的构成是最为关键的。学习被动语态应与时间紧密结合，根据时态，来确定被动语态的谓语部分。另外，还需充分把握含有情态动词的被动语态的结构，即“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”。ManypeoplespeakEnglish．／Englishisspokenbymanypeople．Weshouldregularlywaterflowers．/Flowersshouldbewateredregularly．Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday．（2002辽宁省）Computers________widely________intheworldtoday．Wemustkeepthenoiselevelunder50dbs（分贝）．（2002上海市）Thenoiselevelmust________________under50dbs．［类型九］运用并列连词（组）改写。［解题要领］运用并列连词（组）both．．．and，neither．．．nor，either．．．or，notonly．．．butalso，aswellas等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，而且要把握neither．．．nor，either．．．or，notonly．．．butalso采取就近原则。YoucanspeakFrench．IcanspeakFrench，too．/BothyouandIcanspeakFrench．Shehasn'tbeentoJapan．Ihaven'tbeentoJapan，either．/NeithershenorIhavebeentoJapan．WeiHuamaybeontheteam，orAnnmay．（2000辽宁省）________WeiHua________Annmaybeontheteam．Aliceisafilmstar．Sarahisafilmstar，too．（2001新疆）________Alice________

Saraharefilmstars．Lucycan'tsingtheEnglishsongYesterdayOnceMore．AndLilycan'tsingit，either．（2002北京东城区）LucyLilycansingtheEnglishsongYesterdayOnceMore．［类型十］运用“so＋动词＋主语”和“neither／nor＋动词＋主语”结构进行改写。［解题要领］“so＋动词＋主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人（物）也如此”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况，同样也适合另一个人或物。显然，上下句主语不同。转换时应注意四点：1）动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；2）动词在时态上与前句呼应；3）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4）表示否定时，neither本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。Jimfinishedtheworkontime．Johnfinisheditontime，too．/Jimfinishedtheworkontime，sodidJohn．Shedidn'teatanythingthismorning．Ididn'teatanything，either．/Shedidn'teatanythingthismorning，neitherdidI．Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating，too．Jimwantstogoboating，and________________hisparents．Ilikeplayingtennis．Helikesplayingtennis，too．（2002厦门市）Ilikeplayingtennis，________________he．【类型十一】变为含有宾语从句的复合句【解题要领】两个句子合并为宾语从句时，一是找引导词。宾语从句的引导词有三种情况：1当宾语从句表示陈述意义的时候（即为陈述句结构），引导词为that；2．当宾语从句表示一般疑问意义的时候（即为一般疑问结构），引导词为if／whether；3．当宾语从句表示特殊疑问意义的时候（即为特殊疑问结构），引导词为原来的特殊疑问词；二是变陈述句。无论是由哪一种引导词引导的宾语从句，宾语从句都应使用陈述语序；三是主从一致。它是针对主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应用相应的某种过去时态而言的，即一般现在时与一般过去时；现在进行时与过去进行时；一般将来时与过去将来时；现在完成时与过去成时一一对应。但是如果从句表示客观真理，从句时态不受主句时态的影响，用一般现在时即可。Iwanttoknow．Willitraintomorrow/Iwanttoknowif／whetheritwillraintomorrow．Hesaid．Hehashadacoldforthreedays．/Hesaidthathehadhadacoldforthreedays．WheredoesheliveIdon'tknow．（2002哈尔滨市）Idon'tknow_________________________．DoestheshopcloseatsixeverydayDoyouknowDoyouknow________theshop________atsixeverydayIstheearthroundThelittleboyasked．（2002福州市）Thelittleboyasked________theearth________round．【类型十二】变为含有状语从句的复合句【解题要领】一些并列句或两个句子或简单句，根据其内涵，可运用某些连词变为含有状语从句的复合句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、目的、结果和让步等类，与此相对应的连词有：1）引导时间状语从句的有：after，assoonas，before，since，not．．．until，when，whenever，while等；2）引导原因状语从句的有：because，as，since等；3）引导条件状语从句的有：if，unless等；4）引导比较状语从句的有：as．．．as，notas（so）．．．as等；5）引导目的状语从句的有：sothat，inorderthat等；6）引导结果状语从句的有：so．．．that等；7）引导让步状