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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theplaneisaformoftransportationwhose(

)wetakeforgranted.

问题1选项

A.convenience

B.construction

C.satisfaction

D.insurance

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项convenience“便利”;B选项construction“建设”;C选项satisfaction“满足”;D选项insurance“保险”。句意:飞机是一种我们认为理所当然便利的交通工具。选项A符合句意。

2.翻译题

Asholidaysgo,Thanksgivingisinsomewaysthemostphilosophical.Todaywetrynottotakeforgrantedthethingswealmostalwaystakeforgranted.Wetry,ifonlyinthatbriefpausebeforetheeatingbegins,toseethroughthewell-wornpatternsofourlivestowhatliesbehindthem.Inotherwords,wetrytounderstandhowveryrichweare,whetherwefeelveryrichornot.TodayisoneofthefewtimesmostAmericansconsciouslysetdesireaside,ifonlybecausedesireisincompatiblewiththegratitude—nottomentiontheabundance—thatThanksgivingsummons.

ItistemptingtothinkthatoneThanksgivingisprettymuchlikeanother,exceptfordifferencesintheguestlistandtherecipes.Butitisn’ttrue.Thisisalwaysafeastaboutwherewearenow.Thanksgivingreflectsthecomplexionoftheyearwe’rein.Someyearsitfeelsbuoyant,almostjubilantinnature.OtheryearsitseemsmarkedbyaconspicuoushumilityuncommoninthecalendarofAmericanemotions.

Andthisyear?WewillprobablyrememberthisThanksgivingasabanquetofmixedemotions.Thisis,afterall,aprofoundlyAmericanholiday.Theundertowofbusinessasusualseemsespeciallystrongthisyear.Theshadowofawarandmisgivingsoverthefutureloomsinthemindsofmanyofus.MostyearsweenjoytheprivacyofThanksgiving,butthisyeartheholidayfeelslikeareminderforourselvesofwhatitmeanstobeAmerican.

Thatmeansgivingthanksforsomefundamentalprinciplesthatshouldbehonoredeverydayoftheyearinthelifeofthisnation—principlesofgenerosity,toleranceandinclusion.Thisisfeastthatnooneshouldbeturnedawayfrom.Thewelcomewefeelmakessenseonlyifwealsoextendittoothers.

【答案】【参考译文】在众多的假日中,感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会把平时习以为常的东面看得很珍贵。我们试着,哪怕只是在吃饭前的片刻,去看透那一成不变的生活,悟出背后的道理。换句话说,无论我们觉得自己是贫是富,我们总是尽力把自己看得十分富有。今天是大多数美国人有意识地把欲望放在一边的为数不多的时刻之一,这至少是因为今天我们有一颗感恩的心,更不用说还有一桌丰盛的菜肴,欲望此时光临便显得格格不入。

人们不禁会觉得,除了宾客不同,菜式翻新,感恩节还是年年依旧。其实不然,感恩节这一餐总是关乎到我们的处境,反映出一年的年景。有些年的感恩节我们心情愉悦,几乎是喜气洋洋,但有些年头我们却把感恩节过得相当低调,不敢骄傲,这并不是美国人惯有的情绪。

那么今年呢?日后若想起今年这个感恩节,我们也许会记得,这一餐吃得五味杂陈,这毕竟是一个深具美国特色的节庆之日。但一切如旧的现状对美国人造成的影响在今年似乎特别大,战争的阴影,对未来的担忧,一直盘踞在我们许多人的脑海中。感恩节我们一般与至亲好友在一起,感受那种其乐融融的气氛,可是今年,我们似乎要借感恩节与国人一起重温身为美国人的意义。

这就意味着,我们要为能有一些基本的原则而感恩,一些这个国家的生活中每日应该尊崇的原则,也就是慷慨、容忍、包容的原则。所以这一餐应该是来者不拒。我们感受的节日温馨,只有与他人分享才有意义。

3.单选题

Hequicklymovedasidebehindthetreestoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

问题1选项

A.ducked

B.evaded

C.escaped

D.dodged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项ducked“躲避”,强调快速闪躲,后面一般接宾语;B选项evaded“逃避;规避;逃脱”;C选项escaped“逃离,逃脱;避开;泄出”;D选项dodged“搪塞”,表示躲避时,目的是免受伤害,可作及物动词,也可以加副词或介词。句意:他迅速躲到树后,以免被朝他这个方向扔来的石头弄伤。结合此处关键词behind(到……后面),得知D选项正确。

4.单选题

Aspeople’slivingstandardsimprove,thehealthandbeautybusinessis()withmoresophisticatedproductsthaneverbefore.

问题1选项

A.astonishing

B.flourishing

C.exaggerating

D.diminishing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项astonishing“令人惊讶的”;B选项flourishing“繁荣的,繁茂的”;C选项exaggerating“夸张的,夸大的”;D选项diminishing“逐渐缩小的,递减的”。句意:随着人们生活水平的提高,健康和美容行业正(),产品比以往任何时候都更加精致。这里表达的意思是“美容行业正在繁荣发展”,因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Governmentatmanylevelsshouldestablishcertainrulesinthe()ofthecitizens.

问题1选项

A.rest

B.form

C.interest

D.perception

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Rest“休息”;form“形式”;interest“兴趣,爱好”;perception“知觉,感觉”。句意:不同层次的政府应该在人民利益的基础上设定规则。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球,最后男士说:Seeyouinthecourt(球场上见)。

7.单选题

Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothefewtimesayearwhenweseeeachother.

Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.

ItriedtoconvinceherthatshewasrunningherfutureandheadingforbigtroubleIfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.

Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’vebeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.

Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.

1.WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?

2.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?

3.HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?

4.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldhershehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?

5.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Aloser.

B.Adruguser

C.Atroublemaker

D.criminal

问题2选项

A.Theywereratertolerant.

B.Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.

C.Theywereindifferenttoit.

D.Theythoughttheirdaughterdeservedabetterfriend.

问题3选项

A.ShewasveryangrywithJennieforchoosingsuchafriend.

B.ShethreatenedtobreakupwithJennieifheradvicewasignored.

C.ShewasovercomewithpridethatJennietoldheraboutherboyfriend.

D.ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuing.

问题4选项

A.Shefeltrelieved.

B.Shefeltexhausted.

C.Shefeltfrustratedandangry.

D.Shefelthappyandproud.

问题5选项

A.Drugscandestroyinnocentyoungpeople.

B.Youngpeopleshouldbecarefulinchoosingtheirfriends.

C.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.

D.Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干问:哪个单词完美总结了Jennie的男朋友?A选项“一个失败者”,定位到第二段Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior(她的男友不仅吸毒而且有其他自残的行为)。第三段作者还说Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.(我只是不敢相信她真的认为和一群废柴在一起是可以接受的,尤其是她的男朋友。)也就是说珍妮的男友是位失败者,A选项最佳总结了她的男朋友。B选项“一个吸毒者”,C选项“一个惹是生非的人”,D选项“一个罪犯”。

2.判断推理题。题干问:Jennie的父母是如何看待她和男友这段感情的?B选项“他们不允许她继续和他在一起”,定位到第二段Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.(她一直在向父母撒谎她要去哪里,甚至偷偷溜出去见那个男人,因为他们不希望她在他身边)因此我们可以得出她的父母是不同意她和他在一起的,答案为B。A选项“他们非常宽容”,C选项“他们对这个并不关心”,D选项“他们认为他们的女儿值得更好的”。

3.事实细节题。题干问:作者对于Jennie和她男朋友的这段感情是怎么看的?D选项“她尽自己的最大努力去劝Jennie分手”,作者在第二段抱怨说NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.(不管我怎么努力告诉她她值得更好的,她都不相信我)。在第三段又说Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble(我试图让她相信,她正在毁掉自己的未来,惹上大麻烦),也就是说作者一直想办法劝阻珍妮不要继续和她的男友来往了,答案为D。A选项“她对于Jennie选择了一个这样的男朋友感到很生气”,B选项“她威胁说,如果珍妮不听她的劝告,她就要同珍妮绝交”,C选项“她对于Jennie告诉她自己有男朋友而感到很骄傲”。

4.事实细节题。题干问:作者对于Jennie和她男朋友分手是怎么看待的?D选项“她感到高兴并骄傲”;定位到最后一段Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.(我只是在电话的另一端听着,喜极而泣。)证明作者得知这个消息之后又开心又激动,答案为D。A选项“她感到松了一口气”,B选项“她感到精疲力竭”,C选项“她感到沮丧并且生气”。

5.归纳概括题。题干问:作者写这篇文章是为了传递什么信息呢?D选项“真挚的友谊可以战胜一切”;从全文来看,珍妮和作者有着十分深厚的友谊,她们彼此都十分信任。而珍妮最近交上一位男友,这位男友不仅吸毒而且还有其他的自残行为——这让作者十分不安,希望珍妮立刻断绝她和这位男友的来往。但一开始珍妮并没有接受她的规劝,所以作者感到十分沮丧。作者只能以她们的深厚友谊为赌注,希望珍妮能相信作者是在尽力拯救她,希望她们的友谊能帮助她们克服一切困难。最终珍妮经过长时间的痛苦的思考,终于醒悟过来,和那位男友断绝了关系,摆脱了困境,因此答案为D。A选项“毒品可以摧毁无辜的年轻人”,B选项“年轻人在挑选伴侣时应该小心”,C选项“家长应该照顾关心他们的孩子”都不能完全概括整篇文章的意义。

8.填空题

Ihadalreadyputin10yearsofworkonmybookwhenIranintoacompletedeadend.Writingaboutmyfirstancestor,KuntaKinte,forhisvoyagetoAmericaaboardaslaveship,hadbecomeimpossibleforme.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cfor改为on

【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】onone’svoyageto意思为“某人去……的航行”,为固定搭配。

【句意】当我陷入一个完全的死胡同时,我已经为我的书花费了10年的时间。对我来说,要写我的祖先昆塔•肯特坐贩奴船去美国的故事,是不可能做到的事。

9.单选题

Forthefirsttime,wefound____thatallowustoconnectthefirstphaseofhumanevolutionandthesecondphase.

问题1选项

A.theories

B.morasses

C.frescos

D.fossils

【答案】D

【解析】theory理论,学说;morass沼泽;fresco壁画;fossil化石。句意:我们第一次发现了化石,它使我们能够把人类进化的第一阶段和第二阶段联系起来。选项D符合句意。

10.写作题

Directions:Writeacompositiononthetopic"TheSocialFunctionofHealth".Youshouldwriteatleast250wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow:

1.健康在个人行使社会功能中的作用。

2.健康对于整个社会的作用。

3.健康不仅是医学问题,更是社会问题。

【答案】略

11.单选题

Shebecamethefirstwomantoentertheschoolbutwithdrawafterafewdays()stress.

问题1选项

A.inhonorof

B.becauseof

C.inspiteof

D.insteadof

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inhonorof“向...致敬”,B选项becauseof“因为,由于”,C选项inspiteof“尽管,即使”,D选项insteadof“代替,而不是”。句意:她成为第一个进入这所学校但几天后因压力而退出的女性。因此,B选项符合句意。

12.单选题

WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.

Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinfections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords,afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.

1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto_____.

2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinparagraph2.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an)_____.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage

B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns

C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory

D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage

问题2选项

A.changesintheformsofwords.

B.changesinsentencestructures.

C.changesinspellingrules.

D.wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.

问题3选项

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.

B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.

C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.

D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.

问题4选项

A.historian

B.philosopher

C.anthropologist

D.linguist

问题5选项

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.

C.Ourchanginglanguage.

D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据第二段的最后一句“...,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.”直到现在,人们才有一种强烈的趋势,那就是重新研究和评价语言实践中人们说话和写作的方式。由此可知,现代语言学家根据人们说话和写作的方式而不是标准或者模式来评估语言实践。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段的倒数第三句“Andwhensomewordinflections...suchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.”可知“inflection”其意为“单词变形”,选项A正确。

3.根据第一段的一二三四句“Wroupbutofmany.”可知选项A,C,D正确。选项B其他语言对英语的重大影响在本文中并未提及。

4.本文主要是讲英语语言的变化与发展,由此推断作者应该为语言学家。

5.本文主要是讲英语语言的变化与发展,并不是讲述英语历史,所以A项错误;选项B和D只是文章的片段,不够全面,所以本题选项C正确。

13.单选题

Idon’tliketheridesinamusementparkbecausetheyhavea______effectonme.

问题1选项

A.viable

B.amiable

C.vertiginous

D.monotonous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项viable表示“可行的,能养活的”,B项amiable表示“和蔼可亲的,亲切的”,C项vertiginous表示“令人眩晕的,眼花的,高而陡峭的”,D项monotonous表示“单调的,无抑扬顿挫的,无变化的”。根据ridesinamusementpark(游乐园里的游乐设施)可知,“令人眩晕的”符合语境。句意:我不喜欢游乐园里的游乐设施,因为它们会让我头晕目眩。因此,该题选择C项正确。

14.单选题

Atthissinglepointintheinterior,therehasbeeninsomefardistantage,agreatsuddenvolcanic().

问题1选项

A.uprising

B.uplifting

C.upheaval

D.upbringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。uprising“升起的”;uplifting“令人振奋的”;upheaval“剧变”;upbringing“教养,抚育”。本句意为“内陆的这个地方,在遥远的年代曾发生过巨大的火山剧变”,upheaval符合题意。因此C正确。

15.单选题

Theconceptofthepatient[A]asfirstandforemostanindividualwillbereplacedbyageneric“patient”[B]whoevenmoregeneric“qualityoflife”isdeterminednotbyindividualqualitiesandrelationships[C]butbyaflowchart.Insteadofdying[D]surroundedbyfriendsandfamily,wewillbesurroundedbypaper—andlawyers.

问题1选项

A.asfirstandforemost

B.who

C.butby

D.surrounded

【答案】B

【解析】考查关系词用法。B选项处who引导定语从句修饰先行词patient,但关系词后又有名词“qualityoflife”,因此关系词应该在从句中充当定语的成分,应把who改为whose。

16.单选题

Politicians,environmentalistsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworldassembledtodiscussthewaysof()atmosphericpollution.

问题1选项

A.cuttingat

B.cuttingdown

C.cuttingoff

D.cuttingout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cutat“对准猛打;向……砍去”;B选项cutdown“削减;砍倒;杀死”;C选项cutoff“切断;使死亡”;D选项cutout“切断;删去;停止;关掉”。句意:来自世界各地的政治家、环保主义者和商人聚集在一起,讨论减少大气污染的方法。由题干中的“atmosphericpollution大气污染”可推测出“削减”符合语境,因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使缓解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto(

).

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

).

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem(

).

问题1选项

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

问题2选项

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

问题3选项

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

问题4选项

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

问题5选项

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪种情况最危险。根据原文前两段可知,青少年驾车载着超过3名乘客出行发生致命事故的概率是那些独自开车青少年的3倍,而青少年司机的死亡率在晚上10点,特别是午夜之后急剧上升。因此,B选项正确。A选项“成年人在晚上10点钟后搭载青少年”与C选项“成年人在晚上很晚时搭载3名以上青少年乘客”均不正确。D选项“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的车”在原文没有提及,可排除。

2.细节事实题。题干询问RobertFoss认为青少年死亡率高的原因。根据题干定位至原文第三段第一句可知,青少年司机的死亡率高与其真正愚蠢的行为关系不大,而是因为他们缺乏驾驶经验,故本题正确答案为C。A选项“频繁在晚上驾驶”:B选项“他们不恰当的驾驶方式”;D选项“他们载乘客驾驶”均与原文不符,故排除。

3.细节事实题。A选项“青少年应该花更多的时间学习驾驶”在原文并未提及,可排除;B选项“驾驶对青少年来说太复杂了所以学不会”,属于无中生有,可排除;C选项“青少年申请参加驾驶课程应当有一些限制”由第三段内容不能得出,可排除。根据原文第三段最后一句可知,根本问题是,负责发放驾照的成年人没有意识到驾驶是一项多么复杂和需要熟练度的任务。也就是说驾照发行机构应该对此事负有一定的责任。因此,只有D项与原文内容相符,故本题正确答案为D选项。

4.事实细节题。根据原文倒数第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知,缓解青少年驾驶事故的方法是建立所谓的驾照分级许可制度,因此D选项“改善驾照许可制度”正确。A选项为“规定青少年要在成人陪同下驾驶”;B选项为“应该不准他们载客”:C选项为“应该禁止他们晚上10点后开车”。A、B、C三项均不符合题意,因此本题正确答案为D项。

5.事实细节题。根据题干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知,美国现在大约有一半的州已经有了分级许可制度,但只有10个州对乘客有限制。说明这种制度已经建立了,只是还不够完善。A选项“在讨论中”、B选项“即将建立”和C选项“已经被实施”都不符合,因此本题正确答案为C项。

18.单选题

Asweareonthepointof()someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

问题1选项

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我们正准备和他们进行一些交易,所以我们想确切地了解他们的信用状况。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。transmit传播;传送:transfer使转移;调任;transact办理;执行;进行(贸易、谈判等);transport运输。空格处的宾语是business(商业,交易),因此C项符合句意。

19.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarII,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.

Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorthinksthatpeopleare().

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementseemtolinkfashionto().

3.Accordingtotheauthor,causesoffashionsare().

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes().

5.Thelastparagraphmostprobablydenotesthat().

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearancet

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldaget

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashiont

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashiont

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlifet

B.personaldresst

C.individualhairstylet

D.personalfuturet

问题3选项

A.uniformt

B.variedt

C.unknownt

D.inexplicablet

问题4选项

A.uniformityt

B.formalityt

C.informalityt

D.diversityt

问题5选项

A.careaboutappearanceinformalsituationst

B.fashioninformalandinformalsituationst

C.ignoringappearanceininformalsituationst

D.ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“在第一段中,作者认为人是……”。根据题干定位到第一段,Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare(我们中很少有人能满足于接受自己本来的样子)可知A项“对自己的外表感到满意”错误;Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.(在我们十几岁或二十出头的时候,我们比生命中的任何时候都更担心我们的外表以及我们在别人眼中的形象)可知,人们在年轻的时候最关注外表,故B项“老年时关心外表”表述不准确;fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion(也很少有人有足够的勇气忽视流行趋势)可知,C项“远远没有忽视什么是时尚”正确,而D项“不愿跟随时尚潮流”正好与原文相反。因此,该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“时尚杂志和电视广告似乎把时尚和……联系了起来”。根据文章第二段第二句Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.(他们告诉我们,如果我们这样做,我们就能自信地认识新朋友,从容自信地应对各种情况)可知,时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚和自信联系在了一起,故A项“生活中的自信”正确。B项“个人服装”和C项“个人发型”是属于时尚的具体方面,不符合题意;D项“个人的未来”属于无中生有。因此,该题选择A项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者的观点,时尚的原因是……”。根据文章第三段第一句Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.(是什么导致了时尚的变化?有时,便利、实际需要或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就可以建立一种时尚),由此可知导致时尚的原因有很多种,所以B项“多种多样”符合题意。A项“统一”、C项“未知”和D项“令人费解”均不符合。因此,该题选择B项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。题干意思是“当今社会更加自由和容易,因为它强调……”。根据第五段第二句Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.(在合理的范围内,你可以穿你喜欢的衣服或做你喜欢的发型,而不是你应该的方式,因为这是时尚)可知,时尚就是自己可以穿自己喜欢的服装和发型,按照自己喜欢的方式来,由此可推断当今社会更加自由和容易是因为它强调非拘谨性,故C项“不拘礼节”正确。B项“拘谨性”与原文相反;A项“均匀性”未提及;D项“多样性”,这是导致时尚的原因。因此,该题选择C项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。题干意思是“最后一段很可能表示……”。最后一段第一句提到Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.(同时,外表在某些情况下仍然很重要,然后我们必须仔细选择我们的衣服),接着举了两个例子加以说明在一些正式的场合中应该选择合适的衣服,所以A项“在正式场合要注重仪表”符合题意。B项“正式和非正式场合的时尚”,最后一段没有做出正式和非正式场合的对比;C项“在非正式场合忽视外表”,这是断章取义;D项“在任何情况下都忽视外表”与原文不符。因此,该题选择A项正确。

20.单选题

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Aw

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