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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大理农林职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Thenewcomersfounditimpossibleto(
)themselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.
问题1选项
A.suit
B.adapt
C.regulate
D.coordinate
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配adaptoneselfto“使自己适应于……”,suitto“合适于,相称”;没有搭配regulateto和coordinateto,可排除C和D选项。句意:新来的人发现他们不可能使自己充分适应新国家的气候,而永久定居。因此选项B符合题意。
2.单选题
Afterfailinghismid-termexams,Jeremywas()facehisparents.
问题1选项
A.tooashamedto
B.tooembarrassingto
C.veryashamedof
D.veryembarrassingto
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意可知,这里是考查too...to...的句型,首先排除选项C和D;beashamedto为做某事感到羞耻;ashamed的主语是人;embarrassing的主语是物。所以选项A正确。
3.单选题
Thereare______approachestoEnglishteachingHutnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.
问题1选项
A.originate
B.diverse
C.double
D.joint
【答案】B
【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项originate“起源;创建”;B选项diverse“多种多样的”;C选项double“两倍的;成双的;双人的”;D选项joint“联合的”。句意:英语教学的方法______,但并不是所有的方法对我们的中国学生都同样有效。根据不是所有的方法都有效,可知有很多种方法,B选项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。
4.单选题
EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis(
)andhorizontallyspreadout.
问题1选项
A.prudent
B.reversible
C.diffuse
D.mandatory
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prudent“谨慎的;精明的;节俭的”;B选项reversible“可逆的;可撤销的;可反转的”;C选项diffuse“弥漫的,散开的”;D选项mandatory“强制的;托管的”。句意:甚至总统也不是真正的CEO。没有人是。公司的权力集中在垂直结构上。华盛顿的权力是……并且横向分散的。由前后句意对比可知,此处应表示华盛顿权力的结构是分散的,水平的。因此C选项符合题意。
5.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.
Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.
【答案】人的青春美妙绝伦,虽满是痛楚,但魅力无限。年少时不了解青春为何物,当其永逝,方才幡然大悟。
青春的逝去令人百般不舍,目睹其渐行渐远,难免触目伤怀,悔不当初。但青春不再却又着实让人悲喜交加。可即便奇迹出现,时光倒流,却也无人情愿重度那段青春岁月。
6.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish
1.凡事预则立,不预则废。
2.我们可以让内燃机使用另一种污染程度较低的燃料,如天然气、燃料电池,液态氢等,这些我们都可以考虑。
3.我们必须考虑到这一点:我们的星球是从子孙后代那里借来的,而不是我们祖先馈赠的。
4.可持续发展是指:为了将来后代的利益,我们必须保留足够的生存空间,以满足他们的需要和施展他们的抱负。
5.这门学科的重要性与其被了解的程度不成正比。
【答案】1.Preparednessensuressuccessandunpreparednessspellsfailure.
2.Whenchoosingadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine,wecantakenaturalgas,fuelcells,liquidhydrogen,oconsideration.
3.Itmustbetakenintoconsiderationthatwehavenotinheritedthisearthfromourancestorsbuthaveborroweditfromouroffspring
4.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansthatforthebenefitoffuturegenerations,wemustreserveenoughlivinsspaceforsatisfyingtheirneedsandrealizingtheirambitious.
5.Theimportanceofthisdisciplineisnotindirectproportiontothedegreetowhichitisunderstood.
7.单选题
Bythelatenineteenthcentury,thefocusfortheengineersandbuildersoftunnelswasbeginningtoshiftfromEuropetotheUnitedStatesandespeciallyNewYork,wheretheriversencirclingManhattancapturedtheimaginationoftunnelersandchallengedtheiringenuity.ThefirsttoacceptthechallengewasasomewhatmysteriousCaliforniannamedDeWittClintonHaskin,whoturnedupinNewYorkinthe1870’swithaproposaltotunnelthroughthesitundertheHudsonRiverbetweenManhattanandJerseyCity.
Haskineventuallyabandonedtheriskyproject.ButacompanyorganizedbyWilliamMcAdooresumedtheattackin1902,workingfrombothdirections.McAdoo’smenwereforcedtoblastwhentheyranintoanunexpectedledgeofrock,butwiththisobstaclesurmountedthetwoheadingsmetin1904andMcAdoodonnedoilskinstobecometheHudson’sfirstunderwaterbank-to-bankpedestrian.World’sWorkmagazineproudlyreportedin1906thatNewYorkcouldnowbedescribedasabodyoflandsurroundedbytunnels.Threeone-wayshaftsbeneaththeHudsonandtwoundertheHarlemRiverwerealreadyholedthrough;threemoreHudsontubeswerebeingbuilt.EightseparatetunnelswereunderconstructionbeneaththeEastRiver.
1.Accordingtothepassage,DeWittClintonHaskincamefrom________.
2.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutDeWittClintonHaskin’sbackground?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whendidWilliamMcAdoobegintoworkontheHudsonRivertunnel?
4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkerstunnelingforWilliamMcAdooweresurprisedtofindwhichofthefollowingwheretheywereworking?
5.ThequotationfromWorld’sWorkmagazineintroducesfactsabout________.
问题1选项
A.JerseyCity
B.Europe
C.California
D.NewYork
问题2选项
A.Itdidnotqualifyhimtohandleexplosives.
B.Itwasnotsomethingpeopleknewmuchabout.
C.Itincludeddiverseworkexperiences.
D.Itincludedmanyinferiorprojects.
问题3选项
A.1870
B.1902
C.1904
D.1906
问题4选项
A.Oil
B.Silt
C.Rock
D.Shafts
问题5选项
A.citiesthatwerebuildingnewtunnelstoManhattan
B.people’sconcernevetheweakeningofthecity’sfoundation
C.theroleofNewYorkCityinpromotingengineering
D.thenumberoftunnelsbeingbuiltatthetime
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句somewhatmysteriousCaliforniannamedDeWittClintonHaskin(有点神秘的加利福尼亚人德威特•克林顿•哈斯金),可知C选项“加利福尼亚”正确,A选项“泽西城”,B选项“欧洲”和D选项“纽约”错误。因此C选项正确。
2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句somewhatmysteriousCaliforniannamedDeWittClintonHaskin(有点神秘的加利福尼亚人德威特•克林顿•哈斯金),可知B选项“人们对他了解不多”正确,A选项“他没有资格操作炸药”,C选项“有不同的工作经历”和D选项“有许多劣质的工程”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。
3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句ButacompanyorganizedbyWilliamMcAdooresumedtheattackin1902,workingfrombothdirections.(但在1902年,威廉•麦卡杜的公司恢复了工程,并且从两个方向开展修建工作。),可知B选项“1902年”正确,A选项“1870年”,C选项“1904年”和D选项“1906年”错误。因此B选项正确。
4.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句McAdoo’smenwereforcedtoblastwhentheyranintoanunexpectedledgeofrock(麦卡杜的工人出乎意料地撞到一块岩石时被迫爆破),可知C选项“岩石”正确,A选项“油”,B选项“淤泥”和D选项“竖井”错误。因此C选项正确。
5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一、二句Threeone-wayshaftsbeneaththeHudsonandtwoundertheHarlemRiverwerealreadyholedthrough;threemoreHudsontubeswerebeingbuilt.EightseparatetunnelswereunderconstructionbeneaththeEastRiver.(在哈德逊河下面有三个单向井,哈勒姆河下面有两个竖井已经打通;另外三条哈德逊隧道正在建造中。在东河下方,八个独立的隧道正在建设中。),可知这里介绍的是D选项“当时正在修建的隧道数量”。A选项“正在修建通往曼哈顿的新隧道的城市”,B选项“人们担心城市基础的削弱”和C选项“纽约市在促进工程方面的作用”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。
8.单选题
Thekitchenwassmalland()sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.
问题1选项
A.complex
B.complete
C.compact
D.composite
【答案】C
【解析】形容词辨析题。complex"复合的,复杂的";complete"完整的,彻底的";compact"紧凑的,简洁的";composite"混合的,综合的"。句意:厨房小而紧凑,残疾妇女可以毫不费力地够到任何东西。选项C符合句意。
9.单选题
Everyyear,asthepriceofgoodsrises,theinflationrefusesto(1)evenfromthehigheducationalinstitutions.
IntheUS,accordingtoa2005surveybytheCollegeBoard,(2)atstateuniversitiesrosebyanaverageof7.1percentannually,afterayearwheninflationgrewmuchless.Atprivateschoolsitwasup5.9percent.Thesurveywhich(3)morethan3,000collegesanduniversitiesdidnotprovideclearreasonsforthecontinuedincreases.Itdidsaythatthepriceofgoodsandservicesatuniversitieshaverisenrapidly.Someofthefastestgrowthhasbeeninemployeehealth(4),andprofessionalsalaries.
Livingexpensesoncampushavealso(5).AttheuniversityofSouthernCaliforniastudentdininghall,abuffetmealcost$5.50in2004.Butnowit’s$9.TheUSgovernmentoftenprovides(6)assistancetostudents’lunchinprimaryandhighschools,butthesefavorablepoliciesusuallydon’t(7)universities.
Somestudentssaidthefoodoncampusissometimesevenmoreexpensivethanthatatrestaurants(8)campus.Tocompensatetheriseintuitionandlivingexpenses,thefederalandstategovernments(9)universitiesandprivatesourceshaveprovided(10)forstudents.Ofallthefulltimeundergraduatesabout62percenthaveagrantcovering30-50percentoftheirtuition,accordingtotheCollegeBoard.
问题1选项
A.stayaway
B.standout
C.stepdown
D.setoff
问题2选项
A.fares
B.payment
C.charges
D.tuition
问题3选项
A.attended
B.covered
C.included
D.composed
问题4选项
A.welfares
B.advantages
C.benefits
D.goods
问题5选项
A.rolledup
B.goneup
C.satup
D.takenup
问题6选项
A.management
B.economic
C.policy
D.financial
问题7选项
A.applyto
B.suitfor
C.adjustto
D.gearfor
问题8选项
A.in
B.to
C.off
D.over
问题9选项
A.aswellas
B.thesameas
C.asfaras
D.suchas
问题10选项
A.grasps
B.grains
C.grounds
D.grants
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:B
第6题:D
第7题:A
第8题:C
第9题:A
第10题:D
【解析】第1题:考查词组辨析。A项stayaway“远离”,B项standout“站出来,坚持到底”,C项stepdown“走下,逐步减低”,D项setoff“出发,动身”。根据句子Everyyear,asthepriceofgoodsrises,theinflationrefusesto()evenfromthehigheducationalinstitutions中的from可知,stayawayfrom固定用法,表示“远离”。句意:每年,随着商品价格的上涨,通货膨胀甚至对高等教育机构也产生了影响。故该题选A。
第2题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A项fares“票价,车费”,B项payment“支付,付款”,C项charges“费用”,D项tuition“学费”。根据空格后的atstateuniversitiesrosebyanaverageof7.1percentannually(在州立大学,平均每年增长7.1%)可知,空格处表示“学费”。句意:根据美国大学理事会(CollegeBoard)2005年的一项调查,美国州立大学的学费平均每年上涨7.1%,而过去一年的通货膨胀幅度要小得多。故该题选D。
第3题:考查动词辨析。A项attend“参加”,B项cover“覆盖,包括,涉及”,C项include“包括”,D项compose“构成,写作”。根据句子Thesurveywhich()morethan3,000collegesanduniversitiesdidnotprovideclearreasonsforthecontinuedincreases可知,空格处填入“包括,覆盖”,所以A、D项排除;而include指把某事物包括进另一些大的事物,很明显这里表示的不是包括进来,所以只有B项符合。句意:这项涵盖了3000多所高校的调查并没有给出持续增长的明确原因。故该题选B。
第4题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A项welfare“福利”,B项advantage“优点”,C项benefit“利益,好处”,D项good“好处,善行”。根据句子Someofthefastestgrowthhasbeeninemployeehealth(),andprofessionalsalaries可知,professionalsalaries和employeehealth()都是in的宾语,所以推测空格部分表示为“员工健康福利”。句意:增长最快的是员工健康福利和岗位薪水。故该题选C。
第5题:考查词组辨析和上下文语义。A项rollup“卷起,出现”,B项goup“增长,上升”,C项situp“熬夜,端坐”,D项takeup“拿起,开始从事”。上文提到因为通货膨胀的影响,学校的各种费用都有所上涨,根据句子Livingexpensesoncampushavealso()可知,空格也是表示“上升,上涨”。句意:学校的生活费用也增长了。故该题选B。
第6题:考查词义辨析。A项management“管理”,B项economic“经济的,经济上的”,C项policy“政策,方针”,D项financial“金融的,财政的”。根据句子TheUSgovernmentoftenprovides()assistancetostudents’lunchinprimaryandhighschools可知,空格部分应该表示“学生的午餐资助”。句意:美国政府经常为中小学生提供午餐资助。故该题选D。
第7题:考查词组辨析。A项applyto“适用于”,B项suitfor“适合做”,C项adjustto“调节,调整以适应”,D项gearfor“装备……”。上文提到“美国政府经常为中小学生提供午餐资助”,下文接着说到butthesefavorablepoliciesusuallydon’t()universities可知,这一句表达的是“但是这些优惠政策通常没有提供给大学”。所以该题选A符合句意。
第8题:考查句子逻辑。A项in“在……里面”,B项to“对于”,C项off“不在,偏离”,D项over“在……上面,从……上方”。根据句子Somestudentssaidthefoodoncampusissometimesevenmoreexpensivethanthatatrestaurants()campus可知,than表示比较,前面提到foodoncampus(校园里的食物),后面提到restaurants()campus可知,空格处表示“校外”。句意:一些学生说,学校的食物有时甚至比校外餐馆的更贵。故该题选C。
第9题:考查词组辨析。A项aswellas“和……一样,也”,B项thesameas“与……一致”,C项asfaras“至于,直到”,D项suchas“比如,诸如”。根据thefederalandstategovernments()universitiesandprivatesources可知,federalandstategovernments(联邦政府和州政府)与universitiesandprivatesources(大学和私立院校)是并列成分,所以空格处应该是一个连词性短语表并列,只有A项符合;故该题选A正确。
第10题:考查名词辨析。A项grasp“理解,领会”,B项grain“粮食,颗粒”,C项ground“地面,战场,根据”,D项grant“拨款,补助金”。前面提到Tocompensatetheriseintuitionandlivingexpenses(为了补偿学费和生活费的上涨),可知,thefederalandstategovernmentsaswellasuniversitiesandprivatesourceshaveprovided()forstudents一句中的空格部分表达的是“提供补助金”。句意:为了弥补学费和生活费的上涨,联邦政府、州政府、大学和私立院校都为学生提供了助学金。故该题选D正确。
10.单选题
Inspiteofthetaxingbusinessschedule,hemanagedtotakesometimeoffforexercise.
问题1选项
A.imposing
B.demanding
C.compulsory
D.temporary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。taxing表示“费力的”;A项imposing“壮观的”,B项demanding“苛求的,吃力的”,C项compulsory“义务的”,D项temporary“暂时的”。句意:尽管业务繁忙,他还是抽出时间锻炼身体。根据句意可知B项正确。
11.单选题
Therecent()surroundinganewlawconcernedwithgaysinArizonarevealshowdeeplydividedthestatecanbe.
问题1选项
A.construction
B.concentration
C.constraint
D.controversy
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。construction建造;concentration专注;constraint约束,局促;controversy争论,论战。由deeplydivided深深地分裂可推知空格处应填D项“争议”。句意:最近在亚利桑那州围绕着一项关于同性恋的新法律的争议,揭示了这个州是多么的分裂。
12.写作题
PeopleallovertheworldspendtimesurfingtheInternet.Sometimes,surfingtheInternethasreplacedmoreactivepastimessuchassportsorvisitingwithfriends.
Writeacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddiscuss,whetherlifeonInternethashadagoodorbadeffectonpeople'sdailylife.
Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:.
Goodeffect.
Badeffect.
Conclusion.
【答案】TheInternetandItsEffectsonPeoplesDailyLife
Throughoutthe20th
century,asoneofthemostadvancedinnovationsilltheareaofinformationtechnology,Internethasexertedanextremelyimportantinfluenceonpeople’sproductionandsocialactivities.Inrecentyears,we’rewitnessedarapidgrowthinthepopularityofInternetandwemaysay,wehavealreadyenteredtheInternetera.Whether,however,lifeonInternethasagoodorbadeffectonpeople’sdailylife?Admittedly,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.
Definitely,itsconvenienceandpracticalityareofgreatsignificanceforus.Firstly,itisInternetthatmakesitpossibleforpeopletoadapttotherapiddevelopmentofhigh-techsocietyandtobeprovidedwiththeavailabilityofknowledgeandinformationfromallovertheworld.Withitsrichnessofinformation,theInternetprovideduswithchancestoknowabouttheworldandtoexpandourhorizonwithoutleavinghome.Inaddition,theinternetconnectsthecomputersaroundtheworld,andpeoplecantalkwithandseeeachothereasilyandcheaply,evenacrosstheocean.Moreover,manyhospitalsandtrainstationshaveopenedtheirownticketbookingsystemstoreducethelengthofthequeuebeforetheirown’storeduce.
However,Internetisalsolikeadouble-edgedsword.Atfirst,inthesparetime,PeopleprefertosurftheInternetallthedayratherthandosomeoutdooractivitieswiththeirfriends,suchashavingapicnicorplayingfootball.Itmaybeadangeroussignalthatlesscommunicationinactuallifeisbringingaboutcoldnessofinterpersonalrelationships.Besides,therearesomebadguyswhomaytakeadvantageoftheinternettodosomethingbad,suchasspreadingpornmaterialstothechildren,abductingnaivegirlsthroughonlinechattingrooms,andmakingschoolageboys’addicttotheonlinegames.
Inconclusion,Internetisthetrendinourdailylife.WecanbenefitmostfromitonlyifwetakegoodadvantagesofInternetandtrytobecarefulenoughtokeepthepotentialbadeffectsaway.
13.单选题
Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsisbasedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronicinstruments.First,ahuman“guineapig”istestedusingaregulartool.Measurementsaretakenoftheamountofworkdone,andthebuildupofheatinthebody.Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperformaswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheirnormalpositions.Thesamepersonisthentestedagain,usingatooldesignedaccordingtothesuggestionsmadebyDr.Tichauer.Allthesetestshaveshownthegreatimprovementofthenewdesignsovertheold.
OneoftheelectronicinstrumentsusedbyDr.Tichauer,themyograph,makesvisiblethroughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhumanmuscle.
Anothermachinemeasuresanydangerousfeaturesoftools,thusprovinginformationuponwhichtobaseanewdesign.Oneconclusionoftestsmadewiththismachineisthatatripodstepladderismorestableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs.
Thisworkhasattractedtheattentionofefficiencyexpertsandtime-and-motion-studyengineer,butitsvaluegoesfarbeyondthat.Dr.Tichauer’sfirstthoughtisforthehealthofthetooluser.Withtherepeateduseofthesametoolalldaylongonproductionlinesandinotherjobs,evenlightmanualworkcanputaheavystressononesmallareaofthebody.Intime,suchstresscancauseadisablingdisease.Furthermore,musclefatigueisaserioussafetyhazard.
Efficiencyistheby-productofcomfort,Dr.Tichauerbelieves,andhisnewdesignsfor
traditionaltoolshaveprovedhispoint.
1.Whatareinvolvedinthedesignofanewtoolaccordingtothepassage?
2.Fromthepassageweknowthatjointsandmusclesperformbestwhen.
3.A“myograph”(Para.A.2,Line1)isanelectronicinstrumentthat.
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
5.Dr.Tichauerstartedhisexperimentsinitiallyto.
问题1选项
A.Electronicinstrumentsandaregulartool
B.Ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartool
C.Electronicinstrumentsandahuman“guineapig”
D.Electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartool
问题2选项
A.theyaretwistedandstretched
B.theyareintheirnormalpositions
C.theyaretestedwithahuman“guineapig”
D.theyaretestedwithelectronicinstruments
问题3选项
A.isabletodesignnewtools
B.measurestheamountofenergyused
C.enablepeopletoseethemuscularmovements
D.visualizeselectricalsignals
问题4选项
A.astepladderusedtohavefourlegs
B.itisdangeroustousetools
C.atripodissaferinatooldesign
D.workersaresaferonproductionlines
问题5选项
A.improveefficiency
B.increaseproduction
C.reduceworkload
D.improvecomfort
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段前面两句Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsisbasedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronicinstruments.First,ahuman“guineapig”istestedusingaregulartool可知做该实验涉及到了electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”和aregulartool,选项D符合题意。
2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第四句话Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperformaswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheirnormalpositions可知选项B符合题意。
3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容themyograph,makesvisiblethroughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhumanmuscle可知选项C符合题意。
4.推理判断题。文章第三段第二句提到用新机器做实验的一个结论是,三脚架的活梯比四脚活梯用起来更稳定、更安全(Oneconclusionoftestsmadewiththismachineisthatatripodstepladderismorestableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs),由此可知以前的梯子都是四脚的,因此选项A符合题意。
5.推理判断题。文章倒数第二段第二句提到Dr.Tichauer最初的想法是为了工具使用者的健康(Dr.Tichauer’sfirstthoughtisforthehealthofthetooluser),随后提到使用新机器可以减少人的压力,由此可知选项D符合题意。
14.单选题
Mostofitisfugitive,buthereandthereinhigh-leveljournalism,intelevision,inthecinema,incommercialfiction,inwesternsanddetectivestories,andinplain,expositoryprose—somewriting,almostbyaccident,achievesanaestheticsatisfaction,adepthandrelevancethatentitleittostandwithotherexamplesoftheartofliterature.
问题1选项
A.plausible
B.consequential
C.prudential
D.temporary
【答案】D
【解析】划线词fugitive说明主语状态,后面以一长串buthereandthereinhigh-leveljournalism,intelevision,inthecinema,incommercialfiction,inwesternsanddetectivestories,andinplain,expositoryprose补充说明主语出现在各种文学形式中,说明主语是“无常的”。A选项plausible“看似可信的;巧言令色的”;B选项consequential“间接的;结果的;自傲的”;C选项prudential“谨慎的;明辨的”;D选项temporary“临时的;暂时的”,D选项符合题意。
15.单选题
Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.
Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.
“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.
Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute(
).
2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree
(
).
3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows
(
).
4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat
(
).
5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?
问题1选项
A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept
B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice
C.istherootofallmentaldistress
D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment
问题2选项
A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems
B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments
C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak
D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent
问题3选项
A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths
B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife
C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile
D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise
问题4选项
A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife
B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife
C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances
D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence
问题5选项
A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.
B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.
C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.
D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“在传统概念中,智力是根据人的读、写和计算能力来衡量的,作者对此的看法是什么?”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能让一些流行的错误观念结束”(Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth),接着作者又提到位于这些错误观念之首的便是智力的诠释。因此,在作者看来,认为“智力是根据人的读写和计算能力来衡量”是错误的,选项A符合题意。
第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“文章中暗示拥有大学学位意味着什么?”文章第一段提到“我们开始相信一个拥有教育荣誉徽章并且擅长某一学科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人拥有所有形式的证书”(Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates),由此可知,学历并不代表智力。选项D符合题意。
第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为拥有智力的人知道什么?”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快乐,如果你每时每刻都为值得的一切生活,那么你就是一个有智力的人”(Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson),所以在作者看来,有智力的人知道怎样让自己的人生有价值,选项C符合题意。
第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在最后一段告诉了我们什么?”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我们每个人都要为生存而斗争,这都是一样的。每个人都与他相关联的人有着相似的困难”(Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties),说明每个人在生活中都会遇上困难,但这只是生活的一部分,选项A符合题意。
第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“由文章可知哪种人很少见?”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“坦诚问题是生活状况的一部分,并且不以‘没有问题’作为衡量快乐的标准的人是有智力的人,但是这种人很稀少”(Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare),因此选项B“意识到生活中的困难,但是知道如何避免不快乐的人”符合题意。
16.单选题
Shesuggestedthattheexpeditionbe()withthelatestscientificequipment.
问题1选项
A.afflicted
B.permeated
C.paddled
D.outfitted
【答案】D
【解析】动词辨析题。afflicted折磨、使痛苦;permeate渗透、弥漫;paddled划桨;outfitted配备、机构。句意:她建议探险队配备最新的科学设备。选项D符合句意。
17.单选题
Neitherofthetwoparties(
)abletosolvetheproblemsofthepoor.
问题1选项
A.are
B.is
C.havebeen
D.willhavebeen
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。neitherof+复数名词,谓语动词通常用单数形式。此处表示两个政党中没有哪一个能解决穷人的问题,此处是对客观事实的表述,故用一般现在时,因此选B。句意:这两个政党都不能解决穷人的问题。
18.单选题
Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.
问题1选项
A.itseemsthat
B.hereseem
C.thereseemtobe
D.itseemstobe
【答案】C
【解析】【试题解析】考查固定句型。句意:根据元素周期表,似乎仍有一些元素未被发现。A选项itseemsthat放进来that引导的主语从句缺主语,语法错误;B选项hereseem放进来句子缺主语,here不能充当主语成分;C选项thereseemtobe是therebe句型,当seem用于therebe结构时,其通常的表现形式为Thereseemstobe…,tobe可以省略,也可以保留,但以保留为多见;D选项itseemstobe中it指代不明确,用法错误。C选项thereseemtobe符合题意。因此C选项正确。
19.单选题
Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals,seemtobe_______,andtherefore____externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.
问题1选项
A.learned...immuneto
B.innate...unaffectedby
C.intricate...belongto
D.specific...confusedwith
【答案】B
【解析】形容词词义和动词词组解析。learned“有学问的”;innate“与生俱来的”;intricate“复杂的,错综的”;specific“明确的,详细的”。immuneto“不受……影响的”;unaffectedby“不受影响的”;belongto“属于”;confusedwith“对……困惑”。句意:一些动物的行为,比如交配行为,似乎是与生俱来的,不受外来因素影响的,比如气候变化,食物供给或者同一物种其他动物的存在。选项B符合题意。
20.不定项选择题
Ourignoranceabouttheunderlyingtruthofhumannaturehasnotbeenforwantoftrying.Philosopherstookupthequestionasoneoftheveryfirstthathumansystematicallyaskedaboutthemselves.ButphilosophersproducedanswersasvariousasAristotle’sandRousseau’s.Sincethelate1900s,behavioralandsocialscientiststoohavetriedtounderstandhumannature.Butwhiletheyhaveilluminatedmanyusefulbitsandpieces,theyhavefailedassystem-builders.WhatisleftofFreud’stheories,outofthebeliefsthatweresointellectuallypervasiveinmid-century?Psychotherapyremains,inabundantvariety,butonlyremnantsofFreudianism.WhatisleftofB.F.Skinner?Behaviorismisstillaproductivebranchofpsychology,buttheSkinnerianVisionofhumannaturethatonceseemedsocompellingisdead.
Howcanwehaveexpendedsomuchofourcollectivegeniusonunderstandinghumannatureandstillknowsolittleforcertain?Becauseupuntilnow,wehavebeenabletoobserveonlybehavior.Peoplecanholdverydifferentviewsofhumannaturebecauseweobserveinthehumanbeing,inabundance,everysortofbe
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