考研考博-英语-厦门华天涉外职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门华天涉外职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingChinesesentencesintoEnglish.

由于消费支出占国家总产出的大约三分之二，所以恢复消费者信心是格林斯潘和国会的当务之急。

许多美国企业，尤其是飞机和其他髙价值工业的机械和设备制造商坚持认为，这些法规对抵制欧盟实施的经WT0批准的出口增值税退税来说是必要的。

当一个WT0成员国政府就某一争端提出投诉而且该投诉政府认为其利益正受到另一成员政府行为的损害吋，争端解决机构(DSB)才了解到该事件。

在过去五年里，欧洲的商业及企业环境也发生了可观的变化；私募股权投资公司已经成为新的投资来源，它的出现提高了就业率，同吋也创造了新的价值。

韦尔奇并非出身富贵之门，也决非一夜成名，他是靠自己的奋斗脱颖而出。

【答案】Becausetheconsumptionexpensetakesupabouttwothirdsofthewholenation’sgrossoutput,it’surgentforGreenspanandtheparliamentarytorecovertheconsumptionconfidence.

ManyAmericanindustries,especiallythemanufacturersoftheairindustryandotherhigh-interestmachineryandequipmentindustries,insistthattheserulesbeessentialtoresistthedrawbackofexportvalue-addedtaxissuedbytheEUandsanctifiedbyWTO.

OnlywhenamembergovernmentofWTOappealstocertaindisputeandcomplainsthatitsinterestisbeingunderminedbyanothermembergovernment,willtheDSBgettoknowtheissue.

Inthepastfiveyears,considerablechangeshavetakenplaceintheEuropeanbusinessandindustryenvironment;theprivatestockequitycorporations,whoseappearanceincreasedtheemploymentrateandcreatednewwealth,havebecomethenewsourceofinvestment.

Welchwasnotbornrich,nordidhebecomefamousovernight.Heoutstoodbyhisownstriving.

2.单选题

Thismedicineisveryeffective.Itcan

dangerousdiseases.

问题1选项

A.dealwith

B.cure

C.improve

D.treat

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。dealwith“处理；涉及”；cure“治疗”；improve“提高”；treat“治疗，对待”。cure通常强调结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病；而treat则通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思。此处并没有明确这种药能治愈危险的疾病，因此选项A符合题意。句意：这种药很有效果，能够处理很多危险疾病。

3.翻译题

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.

叫我最难忘的是燕园的小路。

无论从哪个校门走进来，大大小小笔直或者蜿蜒的路，都会把你引到湛蓝清澈的未名湖畔。碧绿的垂柳和橙黄的小路镶嵌的一池湖水，就像一只盛满了佳酿的酒杯，送到你面前，尽你领略它的慷慨与盛情。只要你在湖边小路上眺望—会儿，一种宁静的美就会流进心中。

常常是黄昏或者夜晚。丢了一天的疲倦和纷扰，我漫步在未名湖边的小路上。明灭闪烁的路灯撒下朦朦胧胧的光晕，如雾似雨。摇曳的树影和轻轻的晚风，送来花的清香。间或有数点草虫的鸣叫，一缕缕年轻人的笑语和歌声，飘到小路上来，与湖面上倒映的灯火，暗蓝的树影，天上的星光，一抹晚霞或一钩淡淡的新月，辉映成有声有色的图景。真像是一首诗，一首写不尽读不完的诗。

【答案】【参考译文】

Oftenatduskornight,IrambledalongthepathsofWeiMingLake,forgettingthewholeday’stroubleandweariness.Theflickeringlampscastahazyshadow,likethemistortherain.Theswayingshadowsoftreesandthesoftnightwindaccompaniedthefloweraroma.Occasionally,thetweetingofinsects,thelaughterandsingingofteenagerswaftedtothepaths.Thentheyformedanimpressivepicturewiththelamplightreflectedinthelake,darkbluetreeshadows,starsinthesky,andtheaftergloworthecrescentmoon.Itisreallylikeapoem,anendlesspoem.

4.单选题

Famedfortheirhigh-elevationforests,theAppalachianMountainssweepsouthfromQuebectoAlabama.HighestinNewEnglandandNorthCarolina,thisbroadsystemcoversmorethan1,200milestoformtherockybackboneoftheeasternUnitedStates.

TheBlueRidgeMountainsformasubstantialpart,615miles,ofthefar-reachingAppalachians.Theybeginasanarrow,lowridgeinPennsylvania,thenslowlyspreadandriseuntiltheyreachtheheightof5,938feetatmajesticGrandfatherMountaininNorthCarolina.TheBlueRidgetechnicallyincludesamongitsmajorspurstheGreatSmokyMountainsandtheBlackMountains;MountMitchell,inthelatterrange,isat6,684feetthehighestpeakeastoftheMississippiRiver.LiketherestoftheAppalachians,thesemountainswereoncesubstantiallyhigherandbolder.Theirupliftwascompletedsome289millionyearsago,andtheyhavebeendrasticallyerodedeversince.Atonetime,immensecontinentalglacierscoveredthelandasfarsouthasPennsylvania.AlthoughtheydidnotspreadovertheBlueRidge,plantsandanimalsfarbeyondtheirreachbecameadaptedtothecold.Whentheclimatewarmedandtheicemelted,thecold-adaptedspeciesretreatednorthward,survivinginthesouthonlyathigher,coolerelevations.

RedSprucesandFraserfirsareremnantsoftheIceAge,thrivinginthehigherelevationsoftheBlueRidge;andlocalbelches,birches,andredoaksaretypicalofforestsfarthertothenorth.Sharingthehighpeaksisanotherdistinctiveplantcommunity.Thisisthe"bald"一atreelessareacoveredwithgrass,ormorecommonly,withbroad-leavedshrubs.Oftenlargeandvigorous,thelatterincludehuckleberries,mountainlaurel,andmostespecially,rhododendron,anevergreenshrubthatblossomsinJuneandcreatessomeofthemostspectacularwildgardensonEarth.

1.ThesouthernmostpointoftheAppalachianMountainsisin（）

2.Theexpression"thelatterrange"inparagraphtworefersto（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,themeltingofglacierscausedsomeplantspeciesto（）

4.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasplantsthatcanbefoundina"bald"EXCEPT（）

5.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionwhathashappenedtothedevelopmentofthemountainssincetheyreachedtheirhighestpoint?

6.Accordingtothepassage,a615-mileexpanseoftheAppalachiansisknownas（）

问题1选项

A.Quebec

B.NewEngland

C.Alabama

D.NorthCarolina

问题2选项

A.Appalachians

B.theBlackMountains-

C.theGreatSmokyMountains

D.GrandfatherMountain

问题3选项

A.adapttotheheat

B.dieout

C.growbiggerandstronger

D.movenorthward

问题4选项

A.mountainlaurel

B.huckleberries

C.redoaks

D.rhododendron

问题5选项

A.ThesecondsentenceofParagraphOne.

B.Thelatterhalfofthesecondparagraph.

C.ThefirsttwosentencesofParagraphTwo.

D.ThewholeParagraphTwo.

问题6选项

A.theBlueRidgeMountains

B.GrandfatherMountain

C.theBlackMountains

D.theGreatSmokyMountains

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词“theAppalachianMountains”定位到第一段首句“Famedfortheirhigh-elevationforests,theAppalachianMountainssweepsouthfromQuebectoAlabama.”阿巴拉契亚山脉以其高海拔森林而闻名，从魁北克省一直向南延伸到阿拉巴马州。所以阿巴拉契亚山脉的最南端为Alabama。

第2题:语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第二段的第三句，thelatterrange指后一范围内的。前面提到了theGreatSmokyMountainsandtheBlackMountains，所以这里指后者theBlackMountains。选项B正确。

第3题:细节判断题。根据第二段的最后一句：当气候变暖，冰融化时，适应寒冷的物种向北撤退，只在海拔更高、更冷的南方生存。适应寒冷的物种即上一句提到的植物和动物，所以本题选D。

第4题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词"bald"定位到原文最后一段的最后两句“...thelatterincludehuckleberries,mountainlaurel,andmostespecially,rhododendron”，只有选项C没有提及。

第5题:细节事实题。题干问的是自从山脉达到最顶峰之后，有一些什么发展。文中在第二段的后半部分提到，山脉的隆起大约是在2.89亿年前完成的，从那以后就遭到了严重的侵蚀。所以选项B正确。

第6题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词615-mile定位到原文第二段的第一句“TheBlueRidgeMountainsformasubstantialpart,615miles,ofthefar-reachingAppalachians.”蓝岭山脉是阿巴拉契亚山脉的重要组成部分，绵延615英里。选项A正确。

5.单选题

AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries____theapprovaloftheSenate.

问题1选项

A.issubjectedto

B.issubjectto

C.subjected

D.subject

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.issubjectedto遭到；受到B.issubjectto受支配于

C.subjected使遭受（过去分词）D.subject受……支配的；取决于，adj.

【答案】B

【考查点】短语辨析

【解题思路】空格处为原句缺少的谓语，前后语义为“总统与其他国家达成的协议____经参议院批准。”由此可知，该句表达的是总统签订的协议需要经过参议员的审批，issubjecttotheapprovaloftheSenate“需要经过参议员的审批”，B选项issubjectto“受支配于”符合语义。

【干扰项排除】

A选项issubjectedto“遭到；受到”，指使（某人/某事物）经历、遭受不愉快的事情或受不愉快的事物的影响；

C选项subjected“使遭受（过去分词）”，不符合语境；

D选项subject“受……支配的；取决于，adj.”，不能单独做谓语。

【句意】总统与其他国家达成的协议需经参议院批准。

6.单选题

Heneverdoesanydisinterestedaction;he'salwaysonthe（）

.

问题1选项

A.make

B.move

C.rise

D.go

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。onthemake“急于求成，唯利是图”；onthemove“四处奔波”；ontherise“在增加”；onthego“忙个不停”。句意：他从来不会做任何无利可图的事情，他一直都是唯利是图。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.“Ananimalthatcan’tdetectdangercan’tstayalive,”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons(神经元)deepinthebrainknownastheamygdale(扁桃核).

LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.Theamygdalareceivesinputfrommanypartsofthebrain,includingregionsresponsibleforretrievingmemories.Usingthisinformation,theamygdalaappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.Thesesignalsproducethefamiliarsignsofdistress:trembling,perspirationandfast-movingfeet,justtonamethree.

Thisfearmechanismiscriticaltothesurvivalofallanimals,butnoonecansayforsurewhetherbeastsotherthanhumansknowthey’reafraid.Thatis,asLeDouxsays,“Ifyouputthatsystemintoabrainthathasconsciousness,thenyougetthefeelingoffear.”

Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.Combinethesehigherthoughtprocesseswithourhardwireddanger-detectionsystems,andyougetanear-universalhumanphenomenon:worry.

That’snotnecessarilyabadthing,saysHallowell.“Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice,”hesays.Afterall,alittlehealthyworryingisokayifitleadstoconstructiveaction—likehavingadoctorlookatthatweirdspotonyourback.

Hallowellinsists,though,thatthere’sarightwaytoworry.“Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan,”hesays.Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.

Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworrieslastfallbyaskingdoctorsforCipro(抗炭疽菌的药物)andbuyinggasmasks.

1.The“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”refersto______.

2.FromthestudiesconductedbyLeDouxwelearnthat______.

3.Fromthepassageweknowthat______.

4.WhichofthefollowingisthebestwaytodealwithyourworriesaccordingtoHallowell?

5.InHallowell’sview,people’sreactiontotheterroristthreatlastfallwas______.

问题1选项

A.thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defenseevolves

B.theinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialdanger

C.theactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquickdecision

D.theelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrievinginformation

问题2选项

A.reactionsofhumansandanimalstodangeroussituationsareoftenunpredictable

B.memoriesofsignificanteventsenablepeopletocontrolfearanddistress

C.people’sunpleasantmemoriesarederivedfromtheirfeelingsoffear

D.theamygdalaplaysavitalpartinhumanandanimalresponsestopotentialdanger

问题3选项

A.alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledproperly

B.alittleworrywillenableustosurvivearecession

C.fearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivedanger

D.fearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfutureevents

问题4选项

A.Askforhelpfromthepeoplearoundyou.

B.Usethebelt-tighteningstrategiesforsurvival.

C.Seekprofessionaladviceandtakeaction.

D.Understandthesituationandbefullyprepared.

问题5选项

A.ridiculous

B.understandable

C.over-cautious

D.sensible

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.（从纯粹的生物学意义上讲，恐惧始于身体系统对可能伤害我们的事物做出的反应——即所谓的“战斗或逃跑反应”。），说明“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”在文中是指“身体系统对可能伤害我们的事情做出战斗或逃跑的反应”。因此C选项“评估危险情况并做出快速抉择行为”正确。A选项“人类自我防卫感演化的生理过程”，B选项“人类面临潜在的危险时本能的恐惧”，D选项“大脑提取信息的精细机制”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.（勒杜研究动物和人类对威胁的反应方式，以了解我们是如何形成对生活中重大事件的记忆的。），说明了勒杜研究的内容和目的，接着文章介绍了扁桃核的工作机制。因此D选项“扁桃核在人类和动物对潜在危险的反应中起着重要作用”正确。A选项“人类和动物对危险情况的反应往往是不可预测的”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“记忆使人能控制恐惧”不是勒杜的研究内容，所以B错误。C选项“不愉快的记忆来自恐惧”，由原文可知，是恐惧来自于记忆，所以C错误。

3.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“worry”可以定位到文章第五段第二句Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice（应用得当的话焦虑是一种极好的手段），说明在应用得当的情况下，焦虑也是有好处的。因此A选项“如果处理得当，一点焦虑对我们有好处”正确。B选项“一点焦虑会使我们在经济衰退中生存下来”，由原文Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.（我们大多数人都经历过经济衰退，所以我们都熟悉在经济衰退中需要的勒紧裤腰带的策略。）可知，是“勒紧裤腰带”策略有助于帮助我们度过经济衰退，而不是焦虑，所以B错误。C选项“恐惧加强了人类在危险中生存的欲望”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。D选项“恐惧有助于人们预知未来的某些事件”，由原文可知，人类能回忆起过去坏事的形象、预测未来事件，但这与恐惧无关，所以D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段第二句Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan（不要光是焦虑，要了解事实，然后制定计划），说明哈洛韦尔认为处理焦虑的最好方式是千万别光是焦虑，要寻求有关事实然后做出计划。因此D选项“了解情况，做好充分准备”正确。A选项“向你周围的人寻求帮助”，B选项“使用勒紧裤腰带的生存策略”，C选项“寻求专业建议并采取行动”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworries（不幸的是，我们中很少有人有应对恐怖主义威胁的经验，所以很难知道我们应该如何应对。这就是为什么哈洛韦尔认为，人们可以放纵一些极端的焦虑），说明哈洛韦尔认为大多数人未曾经历过恐怖威胁，所以感受到这种威胁时人们产生一些过度的焦虑是正常的。所以B选项“可以理解的”正确。A选项“荒谬的”，C选项“过于谨慎的”带有贬义色彩，不符合哈洛韦尔的意思，所以A,C错误。D选项“理智的”，哈洛韦尔把人们的反应称为“极端”反应，自然不是理智的，所以D错误。

8.单选题

Thelocalresidentswereunhappyaboutthecurfewinthisregionanddecidedto（）it.

问题1选项

A.defy

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.distress

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。defy“藐视；公然反抗”；disguise“伪装”；disgrace“给……丢脸”；distress“使背痛；使贫困”。根据residentswereunhappyaboutthecurfew“居民对宵禁不满”，可知他们决定“反抗”，选项A符合题意。

9.翻译题

(1)StanBelin(斯坦•贝林)wasborninthe1930stoanurbanfamilylockedinthegripoftheGreatDepression.Hiswasafracturedfamily,oneinwhichhisparentsfoughtconstantly.Ilivedwithafeelingofimpendingdoom,hesays.Thisfeardrovehimtobeamodelchild.

Stanhasavividmemoryofonceleaningagainstabridgerailingasaboyandgazingatahandsomepartyboatpassingbelow.Hecouldseepeopleondeckenjoyingtheirouting.(2)Itwasasceneofcomfortandluxuryhecouldhardlyhaveimagined.Thatmentalpictureinfluencedtheboy’sideaofsuccess.Hisgoalsbecamemoney,power,andprestige.

Standidwellinschool.Hefoundhisgreatestacademicsuccessinhissciencecourses.Buthelackedtheconfidencetopursueamedicalcareerandturnedtodentistryasaquickerroutetohislife’sgoals.

(3)Hemarriedayoungwomanhehadknownsincehighschool,andforover20yearsStanandJanelivedalifethatmanypeoplewouldenvy.Hisreputationspread,themoneystartedrollinginandhewasappointedtoaprestigiouspositionbyhisstategovernment.Twohealthychildrenwereborn.

(4)Thefamilyhadamagnificenthouse,expensiveautomobilesandtookexoticvacations.

ThecrowningtouchforStancamewhenheboughtaluxuryyachtandsailedtothebridgewhere,asachild,hehadfirstglimpsedwhathehopedwouldbehisfuture.“ItoldJanethestory,”hesays.(5)“AsIspoke,Irealizedthatsomethingwasallwrong.IpossessedeverythingIhadeverdreamedof,butIfeltverysadandhopeless.Whatwasworse,Iknewitwouldneverchange.”

Thenintheearly1980s,adoctorfriendinvitedStantodinner.Thefriendsaidhehadbeenusingcocaineasanantidepressant.Hedescribeditasamarvelousnoaddictivedrug.Standecidedthedrugmightbejustrightforhisowndepression.

【答案】1.斯坦•贝林出生于20世纪30年代一个陷入经济大萧条困境之中的城市家庭。

2.这种舒适与奢侈的情景是他无法想象的。这一情景铭刻在他的脑海里，影响着他对成功的看法。

3.他娶了一位中学时代就认识的女子为妻，20多年来，他和妻子简过着令人称羡的生活。

4.他们有华丽的住宅和昂贵的汽车，还常常出国度假。

5.说话时，我忽然意识到情况很不对劲。我已拥有曾经梦寐以求的一切，但却感到悲伤无望。更糟糕的是，我知道这种状况将永远不会改变。

10.翻译题

正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希冀。

【答案】Itisbecauseofthecontinuouspursuitofprogressthatwefeelhappyinourlife.Onethingalwaysleadstoanotherinanendlessseries.Forthosewholookahead,thereisalwaysanewworldinfront.Thoughwedwellonasmallplanet,engagedinchoresandashortlife,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.Whilethereislife,thereishope.Truehappinessliesinhowwebegin,nothowweend,inwhatwewantandnotwhatwehave.

11.翻译题

学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人。环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友指导启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素，还是个人自己的努力。求学是一件艰苦的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

12.翻译题

OnthefirstdayoftheUSfederalgovernmentshutdown,aCalifornianresidentmaynotyetfeeltheimpact,butmanyChinesetouristsareunhappyandtheirtourguidesnervous.TonyLuhasrunatravelagencyinLosAngelesfor20years.FourtouristgroupsfromChina’smainlandorganizedbyhisagencyarecurrentlytravellingaroundtheUnitedStates.Theyaresufferingdifferentkindsofimpactfromthefederalgovernmentshutdown,whichledtothecloseof401nationalparks,Smithsonian’s19museumsandgalleriesandtheNationalZoo.“Comparedtothe1995-1996shutdown,thistimeismoreserioustous.WerunmostlyChinesemarketbusinessandtherearemanymoreChinesetouristsgroupsnowthan17yearsago,”hesaid.

“Ourclientsarecomplaining.ThetourguidesexplainedtothemthateventheUSPresidentBarackObamacannotsolvetheproblemimmediately,”hesaid.Someofthegroupshavetochangetheiritineraries(行程)astheycannotenterYellowstoneNationalParkortheLincolnMemorial,norcantheyhaveacloselookoftheStatueofLiberty,allofwhichareamongthemostpopulartourismsites.

AccordingtoNationalParkServices,thenationalparkshaveabout715,000visitorsperdayonaverageinOctober.Butnow,visitorsarebeingturnedaway.

Althoughthere’snofigureyetofhowmanyChinesetouristsareaffectedbytheshutdown,someareexpressingtheirsadnessonline.“Iwanttocry,”wroteMsHetoherWeChat(微信)friends.ShehadbeenlookingforwardtohersightseeingtriptotheUSforalongtime.

Butsoonaftershelanded,shelearnedthattheStatueofLiberty,LincolnMemorialandmanyothertouristattractionsonherlistwouldbeclosed.

“NobodywillgiveanycompensationtotheseChinesetourists.TheSenateandtheCongresswilldefinitelynot,”saidLu,“Andwehavetodomoretomakethemfeelbetter,suchasexplainingthesituationtothemandhelpingsomeofthemmodifytheirtravelplans.Hopefullythefederalgovernmentshutdownendssoon.”

Nearly1.5millionChinesetraveledtotheUSlastyear,accordingtotheOfficeofTravelandTourismIndustriesoftheUSDepartmentofCommerce.

ChinesecompaniesdoingbusinessintheUSmayalsobeaffectedifthefederalregulatoryagenciesandotherservicesdonotresumeworksoon.

【答案】美国联邦政府关门第一天，一个加利福尼亚的居民可能觉得没有影响，但许多中国游客却不开心，他们的导游也很紧张。托尼•鲁在洛杉矶经营一家旅行社20年。由他的旅行社接待的来自中国大陆的四个旅游团目前正在周游美国。他们正因联邦政府关门而遭受着不同程度的影响，联邦政府关门导致了401个国家公园、史密森尼的19家博物馆和画廊以及国家动物园的关闭。“相比1995-1996年的关门，这次对我们来说更严重。我们主要经营中国市场业务，和17年前相比，现在有更多的中国游客群，”他说。

“我们的客户在抱怨。导游解释说就连美国总统奥巴马也不能立即解决问题，”他说。

因为他们不能进入黄石国家公园或林肯纪念堂，也不能近距离观察自由女神像，一些旅行团不得不改变行程。而所有景点这些都列在最受欢迎的旅游网站上。

据国家公园的服务中心，在10月国家公园平均每天有715000名游客。但是现在，游客却遭到拒绝。

虽然还没有数据显示有多少中国游客受关闭影响，但一些人在线表达了他们的伤心。“我想哭，”何女士在微信上写给她朋友。她期待着她的美国观光之旅很长时间了。

但她下飞机不久后，她了解到她清单上的自由女神像、林肯纪念堂和许多其他旅游景点将被关闭。

“没人会给这些中国游客任何补偿。参议院和国会绝对不会，”托尼•鲁说，“我们必须做更多的工作来让他们觉得好一点，比如向他们解释情况，帮助他们中的一些人修改他们的旅行计划。希望联邦政府关门这件事很快结束。”

根据旅游局和美国商务部的旅游机构，去年有大约150万中国人前往美国。

如果联邦监管机构和其他服务没有很快恢复工作的话，在美国经商的中国公司也可能受到影响。

13.单选题

Jamesisquite（）withthecustomsandlanguagesofthepeopleinthatpartofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.knowledgeable

B.common

C.aware

D.familiar

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。knowledgeable“博学的”;common“普遍的”;aware“意识到的”;familiar“熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯对这个国家的这个地区人们的习俗和语言都相当熟悉。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.

1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun（

）.

3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.

B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.

C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.

D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.

问题2选项

A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf

B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears

C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness

D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears

问题3选项

A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.

B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.

C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.

问题4选项

A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.

B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.

C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.

D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.

问题5选项

A.Alarmed

B.Pessimistic

C.Comic

D.Objective

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句话是文章的中心句，提到“通过研究其他恒星，天文学家可以预测太阳系其他部分的样子”（Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike），由此可知选项D符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章可推断出太阳……”。文章第一段提到太阳以现在的状态（一个黄色的矮星球）存在了46亿年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通过研究其他恒星，天文学家发现，再过50亿年太阳将缩小并且变得更热，太阳将变成一个巨大的红色星球（aredgiantstar），当能量用尽时，太阳会继续缩小，变成一个白色的矮星球，接着变成黑色的矮星球。由此可知，现存状态的时间差不多是太阳生命的一半，选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“当太阳变成红色星球，地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的温度会很热，生命无法生存”（Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist），选项C符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，关于太阳发展的各个阶段，下列哪个是正确的”。文章第一段提到太阳以现在的状态（一个黄色的矮星球）存在了46亿年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通过研究其他恒星，天文学家发现，再过50亿年太阳将缩小并且变得更热，太阳将变成一个巨大的红色星球（aredgiantstar），当能量用尽时，太阳会继续缩小，变成一个白色的矮星球，接着变成黑色的矮星球，由此可知正确的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf，选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章的基调是什么”。文章从头到尾都是以非常客观的态度来描述天文学家对太阳发展的预测，选项D符合题意。Alarmed“担忧的”；pessimistic“悲观的”；comic“滑稽的”；objective“客观的”。

15.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.Shewillgetsomeadvicefromthedesk.

B.Shewillundergosomelabtests.

C.Shewillarrangeanappointment.

D.Shewillgetthetextresults.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Takethesliptothefrontdeskandthenarrangeanappointmentforthetests.

W:Thankyou,doctor!Haveaniceday!

Q:Whatwillthewomando?

【解析】细节题。男士对女士说：Takethesliptothefrontdeskandthenarrangeanappointmentforthetests（把小条拿到前台去做检查预约）。

16.单选题

Withourmagnificentnewcollegesoffurthereducation,thesuper-polytechnicsspringinguplikemushrooms,andourmuchvauntedincreaseofstudentsinfull-timeeducation,onevitalpointisbeinglefttousofeducationalthinking.Whatwillitearn?Because—sadasitmayseemtothosewhobelieveinits-mind-broadening,horizon-wideningandstaminatestingqualities—youcan'teateducation.Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillallreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?

OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwiththeaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolscanonlyfindplacesforhalforthosewhoapply.

ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandProductivityandtheDepartmentofEducationandSciencetogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.Theymightmakeastartbyreintroducingagenuine“General”CertificateofEducation.Inthedayswhenitmeantsomething,thiswascalledtheSchoolCertificate.Employerslikedit,becauseitindicatedproficiencyinEnglish,Arithmetic,ScienceandHumanities—inotherwords,thatyouhadanall-roundeducation.Youcoulduseitasaspringboardtohighereducation,butitactuallymeantsomethinginitself,ineveryindustryforchemicaltoclothing.

1.TheusefulnessofGeographycoursesisrestrictedmainlybecause（

）.

2.Incontrastwiththeaircraftindustry,hospitals

（

）.

3.“Industry”(Line4,Para....3)means