考研考博-英语-南开大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南开大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

SometimesindrawinganddesigningthesignX（）theunknownnumber.

问题1选项

A.facilitates

B.fascinates

C.denotes

D.jots

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。facilitate使容易，推动；fascinate使着迷，使神魂颠倒；denote指示，表

示；jot略记，摘要记录下来。句意:有时候,在绘制和设计中,X（）未知的数字。因此,C选项符合句意。

2.单选题

VisitBritainisgivingtheUK’smostlovedattractionsaMandarinmakeoverto（）morehigh-spendingChinesevisitors.

问题1选项

A.lure

B.achieve

C.reclaim

D.exclaim

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项lure表示“诱惑，引诱”，B选项achieve表示“取得，获得，实现，成功”，C选项reclaim表示“开拓，回收利用，改造，抗议”，D选项exclaim表示“呼喊，惊叫，大声说出”。由句意可知，VisitBritain（英国旅游局官网）正在给网站做普通话版本的改版，为的是（）更多出手阔绰的中国游客。因此，只有A选项最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为A选项。

3.单选题

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately（

）fromMarathontoAthens.

问题1选项

A.thedistance

B.distance

C.thedistanceis

D.isthedistance

【答案】A

【解析】句意:奥林匹克马拉松赛长26英里385码，该段距离大致是从马拉松到雅典的距离。

语法题。考查同位语。分析句子结构知“approximatelyfromMarathontoAthens.”是对前一句的“26milesand385yards”距离进行补充说明;故这里填写的词应该是这个距离的同位语,因此A项“thedistance”正确。

4.单选题

He（

）hisversionoftheAmericandream,thatifyouworkhardyoucansucceed,nomatterwhoyouare.

问题1选项

A.hitonrepeating

B.hitrepeatedlyon

C.hitagainstrepetitively

D.hitrepeatedlyagainst

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。hiton“突然想到”；hitagainst“撞击……”。句意：他突然想到了他对美国梦的描述，也就是不管你是谁，只要你努力，你就能成功。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Anidealcollegeshouldbeacommunity,aplaceofclose,natural,intimateassociation,notonlyoftheyoungmenwhoareitspupilsandnovicesinvariouslinesofstudy,butalsoofyoungmenwitholdermen,withmaturemen,withveteransandprofessionalinthegreatundertakingoflearning,ofteacherswithpupils,outsidetheclassroomaswellasinsideit.Nooneissuccessfullyeducatedwithinthewallsofanyparticularclassroomorlaboratoryormuseum;andnoamountofassociation,howevercloseandfamiliaranddelightful,betweenmerebeginnerscaneverproducethesortofenlightenmentwhichtheyoungladgetswhenhefirst-beginstocatchtheinfectionoflearning.Thetroublewithmostofourcollegesnowadaysisthatthefacultyofthecollegeliveonelifeandtheundergraduatesquiteadifferentone.Theyconstitutetwocommunities.Thelifeoftheundergraduatesisnottouchedwiththepersonalinfluenceoftheteachers:lifeamongtheteachersisnottouchedbythepersonalimpressionswhichshouldcomefromfrequentandintimatecontactwithundergraduates.Thisseparationneednotexist,and,inthecollegeoftheidealuniversity,wouldnotexist.

Itisperfectlypossibletoorganizethelifeofourcollegesinsuchawaythatstudentsandteachersalikewilltakepartinit;insuchawaythataperfectlynaturaldailyintercoursewillbe

establishedbetweenthem;anditisonlybysuchanorganizationthattheycanbegivenrealvitalityasplacesofserioustraining,bemadecommunitiesinwhichyoungsterswillcomefullytorealizehowinterestingintellectualworkis,howvital,howimportant,howcloselyassociatedwithallmodernachievement—onlybysuchanorganizationthatstudycanbemadetoseempartoflifeitself.Lecturesoftenseemveryformalandemptythings;recitationsgenerallyproveverydullandunrewarding.Itisinconversationandnaturalintercoursewithscholarschieflythatyoufindhowlivelyknowledgeis,howittiesintoeverythingthatisinterestingandimportant,howintimateapartitisofeverythingthatispracticalandconnectedwiththeworld.Menarenotalwaysmadethoughtfulbybooks,buttheyaregenerallymadethoughtfulbyassociationwithmenwhothink.

Thepresentandmostpressingproblemofouruniversityauthoritiesistobringaboutthisvitalassociationforthebenefitofthenovicesoftheuniversityworld,theundergraduates.Classroommethodsarethoroughenough;competentscholarsalreadylectureandsettasksandsuperintendtheirperformance;butthelifeoftheaverageundergraduateoutsidetheclassroomandotherstatedappointmentswithhisinstructorsisnotverymuchaffectedbyhisstudies:isalmostentirelydissociatedfromintellectualinterests.

1.Successfuleducationistheacquiringofknowledgefrom（

）.

2.Theteacherandthestudentdonotunderstandeachothermuchbecause（

）.

3.Theteacherandthestudent（

）.

4.Mantendstothinkbecause（

）.

5.Itisfoundthatastudentdoesnotoftenmakethemostuseof（

）tomakelifemoreworthliving.

问题1选项

A.classrooms,laboratoriesandmuseums

B.allsourcesavailable

C.intimateassociationbetweenbeginners

D.experiencedscholars

问题2选项

A.theydonotlivetogether

B.theydonotoftentrytoexchangeideas,emotionsandexperiences

C.theydonotrespecteachother

D.theyhavedifferentstandards’ofeducation

问题3选项

A.canactuallyliveineachother’slife

B.canlivetogetherinthesameplace

C.canplayequallywell

D.candiscussfreelyeveryday

问题4选项

A.hehasreadalot

B.heisinterestedinthesubject

C.heknowshowothersmayfeel

D.hewantstolearn

问题5选项

A.classroommethods

B.tasks

C.hisschoolknowledge

D.hisperformance

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段提出观点：理想校园应该是多样的，而且没有人在任何特定的教室、实验室或博物馆内接受过成功的教育。校园里的分离是不需要存在的，并且在理想大学的学院中也不存在。因此判断只有B项“成功的教育是从知识中获取的”符合文意。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thetroublewithmostofourcollegesnowadaysisthatthefacultyofthecollegeliveonelifeandtheundergraduatesquiteadifferentone.Theyconstitutetwocommunities.Thelifeoftheundergraduatesisnottouchedwiththepersonalinfluenceoftheteachers:lifeamongtheteachersisnottouchedbythepersonalimpressionswhichshouldcomefromfrequentandintimatecontactwithundergraduates.”，中文大意为：现在我们大多数大学的问题在于，学院的教职员工过着一种生活，而本科生则完全不同。他们构成了两个社区。大学生的生活不受教师的个人影响，教师之间的生活不受来自与大学生频繁、亲密接触的个人印象的影响。由此可知B选项“他们通常不会交换想法、情感和经验”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第二段中“Itisperfectlypossibletoorganizethelifeofourcollegesinsuchawaythatstudentsandteachersalikewilltakepartinit”，中文翻译为：我们完全有可能把大学的生活组织起来，使学生和教师都能参与其中。以及下文“Itisonlybysuchanorganizationthattheycanbegivenrealvitalityasplacesofserioustraining,bemadecommunitiesinwhichyoungsterswillcomefullytorealizehowinterestingintellectualworkis”，中文翻译为：只有通过这样的组织，才能使大学这种严格地培养人的地方真正充满朝气，才能使他们成为共同生活的团体，年轻人在其中会充分认识到脑力劳动是多么有趣。综合而知，A项“能真正活在彼此的生活中”正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Itisinconversationandnaturalintercoursewithscholarschieflythatyoufindhowlivelyknowledgeis,howittiesintoeverythingthatisinterestingandimportant,howintimateapartitisofeverythingthatispracticalandconnectedwiththeworld.Menarenotalwaysmadethoughtfulbybooks,buttheyaregenerallymadethoughtfulbyassociationwithmenwhothink.”，中文翻译为：正是与学者的交谈和自然交流，你会发现知识是多么生动、知识与一切有趣和重要的事物是多么紧密相连，它是这些事物的不可分割的一部分，是一切实用的以及与当今世界有关的事物密切联系的一部分。人们并不总是通过书本来思考，但是通常与善于思考的人交往能使人善于思考。可以得知D选项“他想了解”正确。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章尾段“Classroommethodsarethoroughenough;competentscholarsalreadylectureandsettasksandsuperintendtheirperformance;butthelifeoftheaverageundergraduateoutsidetheclassroomandotherstatedappointmentswithhisinstructorsisnotverymuchaffectedbyhisstudies:isalmostentirelydissociatedfromintellectualinterests.”，中文翻译为：课堂教学方法足够彻底；有能力的学者已经讲课，设定任务并监督他们的表现；但是，普通本科生的课外生活以及与导师的其他约定并没有受到他学习的太大影响：几乎完全脱离了他的智力兴趣。因此C选项最符合。

6.单选题

Peoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（长寿）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthan—thegapisgrowing.

Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen（andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents）.

Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.

Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.

Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.（Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.）Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.

Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流产）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

3.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?

6.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“（）”.

7.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Womendidnotlivelongerthanmenuntil17thcentury.

B.Thelongevitygapbetweenwomenandmenhasbeengrowingsince17thcentury.

C.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canlivetobeabout73.

D.Allwomenlivelongerthanmen.

问题2选项

A.Men’slifespanremainsalmostunchanged.

B.Researchershavefoundthecauseoftheagegap.

C.Themoreadvancedasociety,thegreatertheagegap.

D.Theagegapwasnoticedonlyrecently.

问题3选项

A.diseasesandroadaccidents

B.industrializationandworkstrains

C.theirimmunitytoheartdiseaseandrefusalofalcohol

D.theirenduranceofworkstrainsandreluctanceforadventure

问题4选项

A.Thegreatnumberofmalesmokerscontributestotheagegap.

B.Thegrowingnumberofsmokingwomenwillnarrowtheagegap.

C.Femaleworkersaremorelikelytosmokethanmaleworkers.

D.Smokingdoesnotseemtoaffectwomen’slongevity.

问题5选项

A.Men’shealthismorecloselyrelatedtotheiremotions.

B.Thoughmoreliabletoillnesses,womenstilllivelonger.

C.Menshowworsesymptomsthanwomenwhentheyfallill.

D.Quiteanumberofmendiesoonaftertheirretirement.

问题6选项

A.margin

B.side

C.advantage

D.quality

问题7选项

A.Onlyforhumanbeings,femaleslivelongerthanmales.

B.Womenlivelongerthanmenbecauseofgenes.

C.Femalesaredifferentfrommalessincethebeginningoflife.

D.BothBandC

问题8选项

A.Thegreaterlongevityofwomenremainsamystery.

B.Thatwomenarehealthierthanmenwellexplainstheirlongevity.

C.Peoplearelivinglongerasaresultofindustrialization.

D.Womenarelessemotionallyaffectedbydifficultiesinlife.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。A：直到17世纪，女性才比男性长寿。B：女性和男性的寿命差距自17世纪以来一直在扩大。由“Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthen—thegapisgrowing.（例如，这在17世纪就有描述。然而，当时的差异比现在小，现在的差距在增长）”可知A项以及B项错误。C：一个2003年出生在美国的男婴能够活到73岁。由“AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73（一个于2003年出生在美国的男婴预期能够活到73岁）”可知C项正确。D：所有女性都比男性活得长。此项并未被提及。因此本题选C。

2.【试题解析】判断推理题。文章第一段讲女性更长寿，男女寿命存在差异，而且差距正在增加。第二段讲了一些造成差距大的可能因素。A：男性的寿命几乎保持不变。此项并未被前两段提及。B：研究者已经找到年龄差距的原因。此项不符合前两段所述，前两段只是提出了可能因素。C：社会越先进，寿命差距越大。此项可由前两段推断而出。D：寿命差距只是在最近才被注意。此项错误。因为第一段指出：Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.（17世纪就有所描述了）。因此C项正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段中提到的影响男女寿命差异的两个因素是：女性工作压力比男性小，也没有男性那么爱冒险。因此，D项“她们承受的工作压力和不愿意冒险”正确。

4.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.（曾经有人指出，职业女性吸烟的可能性更大，随着越来越多的妇女进入职场，年龄差距将开始缩小，因为吸烟与较早死亡有关。然而现在，我们看到越来越多的女性吸烟，她们的寿命也越来越长，尽管她们的肺癌发病率在急剧攀升）。由此推测，D项“吸烟似乎不会影响妇女的寿命”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.（男女寿命差这个问题令人费解的一点是：女性似乎并没有男性健康。也就是，她们更容易得病。但是当一位男士生病了，往往更严重）。因此让研究人员费解的一点是B项“尽管女性更容易得病，但她们仍然活得更长”。

6.【试题解析】词义题。“edge”所在句为：Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（几乎所有雌性的哺乳动物都拥有这个……，因为她们普遍活得更长）。由此推测，“edge”表示“优势”的意思。

7.【试题解析】判断推理题。A：只有人类的女性比男性命长。由“Afterall，thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（毕竟，这种现象并不是人类所独有的。几乎所有雌性哺乳动物都拥有这个优势，因为她们普遍活得更久）”可知A项错误。B：女性比男性活得久，是由于基因方面的原因。由“Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.（也许我们正在寻找的答案只是问题的表面。也许答案在于更深层次生物遗传的原因）”可知B项错误。C：从生命一开始，男性和女性就存在差别。由“Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.（就人类而言，出生后死亡的男婴比女婴多）”可知C项正确。

8.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章提出：人们的寿命普遍比以前长；但女性比男性活得久一些。并且分析了造成这种差异的可能因素。最后指出，也许男女寿命差异可能在于更深层次的生物遗传原因。因此A项“女性更长寿仍然是个迷”比较符合文章主旨大意。

7.单选题

Socialtensionsamongadultfactionscanbeadjustedbypolitics,butadolescentsandchildrenhavenosuch（）forresolvingtheirconflictwiththeexclusiveworldofadults.

问题1选项

A.attitude

B.mechanism

C.justification

D.opportunity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。attitude态度，看法；mechanism机制，原理，途径；justification理由，辩护。；opportunity机会。nosuch与前半句的politics对应，politics在句中属于解决问题的方法，故后半句用mechanism。答案B。句意：成人派系之间的社会紧张关系可以通过政治来调整，但是青少年和儿童没有这样的（）来解决他们与成人世界的冲突。、

8.单选题

The（）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项origin“起源、来源”，往往与过去的活动、风俗、事件等有关；B选项generation“产生、发生”，通常经过生产、操作等过程；C选项descent“遗传，派生，世系”；D选项cause“原因，因由”，一般指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：那个词的起源虽不为人所知，但肯定不是来自希腊语。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Languageproblemsare（）byculturalmisunderstandings.

问题1选项

A.decreased

B.solved

C.increased

D.ignored

【答案】C

【解析】词义辨析题。decreased减少；solved解决；increased

増加；ignored忽视。句意：文化误解导致语言问题的増加。选项C符合句意。

10.翻译题

Toourview,thefuturebelongstothosewhowillknowhowtoperceivethemysteriousborderlinewhichseparatestheuglyfromthebeautiful.Thisphilosophyhasdominatedmostofthegreatcivilizationsofthepastandisfundamentallyourownwesternwayoflookingattheworld.

Iamconfidentthatwithabetterunderstandingofeachother,therewillbealsoacorrespondingmodificationofourattitudestowardtheachievementsoftheJapanesepeople.

Itisonlythroughstrongertiesamongallofus,throughtherealizationofatrulytriangularworldofcooperativeeffortinwhichtheUnitedStates,Europe,andJapanwillbeabletoreinforcetheirrespectiveties,thatonewillbecapableofplanningthegeneralscenarioofthe21stcentury,andthiswithinabroaderpictureofinternationalcooperationamongallcivilizedpeopleofthisplanet.

【答案】我们认为，未来属于那些知道如何感知美和丑之间的神秘界线的人。在过去的大部分时间里，这种观点一直是主流，而且也是我们西方看待世界的主要方式。

我相信，如果我们能更好地彼此理解，我们对待日本人民取得的成就的态度就会发生相应的改变。

只有通过我们之间的密切合作，在美国、日本和欧洲之间建立真正的三角合作关系，加强彼此的联系，我们才能规划21世纪的宏伟蓝图，要做到这一点，需要这个星球上所有文明民族的共同合作。

11.单选题

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itisnoteasilybreakable.

B.Itrepresentsthelateststyle.

C.Itcamefroma3Dprinter.

D.Itwasmadebyafashiondesigner.

问题2选项

A.Whensheattendedafashionshowninemonthsago.

B.Whenshewasstudyingatafashiondesignschool.

C.Whenshehadjustgraduatedfromhercollege.

D.WhensheattendedaconferenceinNewYork.

问题3选项

A.Itwashardandbreakable.

B.Itwasextremelyexpensive.

C.Itwasdifficulttoprint.

D.Itwashardtocomeby.

问题4选项

A.Itisthelatestmodelofa3Dprinter.

B.Itisaplasticwidelyusedin3Dprinting.

C.Itmarksabreakthroughinprintingmaterial.

D.Itgivesfashiondesignersroomforimagination.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inthepastfewmonths,I’vebeentravellingforweeksatatimewithonlyonesuitcaseofclothes.Oneday,Iwasinvitedtoanimportantevent,andIwantedtowearsomethingspecialforit.Ilookedthroughmysuitcasebutcouldn’tfindanythingtowear.Iwasluckytobeatthetechnologyconferencethen,andIhadaccessto3Dprinters.SoIquicklydesignedaskirtonmycomputer,andIloadedthefileontheprinter.Itjustprintedthepiecesovernight.[19]Thenextmorning,Ijusttookallthepieces,assembledthemtogetherinmyhotelroom,andthisisactuallytheskirtthatI’mwearingrightnow.

[20]Soitwasn’tthefirsttimethatIprintedclothes.Formyseniorcollectionatfashiondesignschool,Idecidedtotryand3Dprintanentirefashioncollectionfrommyhome.TheproblemwasthatIbarelyknewanythingabout3Dprinting,andIhadonlyninemonthstofigureouthowtoprintfivefashionablelooks.

IalwaysfeltmostcreativewhenIworkedfromhome.Iloveexperimentingwithnewmaterials,andIalwaystriedtodevelopnewtechniquestomakethemostuniquetextilesformyfashionprojects.

Onesummerbreak,IcameheretoNewYorkforaninternshipatafashionhouseinChinatown.Weworkedontwoincredibledressesthatwere3Dprinted.Theywereamazing—likeyoucanseehere.ButIhadafewproblemswiththem.[21]Theyweremadefromhardplasticsandthat’swhytheywereverybreakable.Themodelscouldn’tsitinthem,andtheyevengotscratchedfromtheplasticsundertheirarms.

Sonow,themainchallengewastofindtherightmaterialforprintingclotheswith,Imeanthematerialyoufeedtheprinterwith.[22]ThebreakthroughcamewhenIwasintroducedtoFilaflex,whichisanewkindofprintingmaterial.It’sstrong,yetveryflexible.Andwithit,Iwasabletoprintthefirstgarment,aredjacketthathadtheword“freedom”embeddedintoit.Andactually,youcaneasilydownloadthisjacket,andchangethewordtosomethingelse.Forexample,yournameoryoursweetheart’sname.

SoIthinkinthefuture,materialswillevolve,andtheywilllookandfeellikefabricsweknowtoday,likecottonorsilk.

19.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheskirtsheiswearingnow?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于她现在穿的裙子，说话者说了什么?录音开头部分，说话者说到她在电脑上设计了一条裙子，并在打印机上加载了这个文件。第二天，她把所有的碎片组装在一起，就成了她现在穿的那条裙子。因此，C选项“它来自3D打印机”正确。A选项“它不容易破碎”，录音中虽然有提到breakable这个单词，但不是指说话者现在穿的裙子，而是她以前设计的裙子，因此A选项排除；B选项“它代表现在最新的款式”在录音中没有提及；D选项“这条裙子是由某位时尚设计师制造的”，实际上这条裙子是说话者自己设计制造的，因此D项不正确。

20.Whendidthespeakerstartexperimentingwith3Dprinting?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者什么时候开始尝试3D打印？说话者在介绍完她现在所穿裙子的来历之后，接着说到这并不是她第一次使用3D打印机打印衣服。为了完成在时尚设计学校的时装设计毕业作品，她曾尝试把家里全部的时装作品系列用3D打印机打印出来。因此B选项“在她就读时尚设计学校的时候”正确。A选项“九个月前她参加时装秀时”和D选项“她在纽约参加会议的时候”，均是利用录音个别字词拼凑而成，不是录音表达的内容，因此均排除；C选项“在她刚从大学毕业时”在录音中未提及。

21.WhatwastheproblemwiththematerialthespeakerworkedonataNewYorkfashionhouse?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问说话者在纽约时装公司设计的材料有什么问题？说话者提到自己曾经在暑假来到纽约唐人街的一家时装店里实习，设计了两件很棒的礼服。不过她发现有一些问题：这些由硬塑料构造的礼服非常易碎且穿着起来十分不舒服、不方便。因此，A选项“它坚硬而且易碎”符合原文表述。B选项“它非常昂贵”；C选项“它很难打印出来”和D选项“它很难得到”录音中均没有提及，因此可排除。

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutFilaflex?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于Filaflex，说话者说了什么？说话者认为现在主要的挑战是如何找到打印衣服的合适材料。她认为这个问题的突破点是有人向她介绍了一种新型打印材料Filaflex。C选项“它标志着打印材料的突破”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它是3D打印机的最新型号”和D选项“它留给时装设计师想象的空间”在录音中均没有信息没有提及，因此可排除；B选项“它是一种广泛应用于3D打印的塑料”，虽然Filaflex是一种用于3D打印的新材料，但录音中并未提及它是否也属于塑料、是否已广为应用，因此B选项也可以排除。

12.单选题

Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.Unfortunately,thegeologicalevolutionoftheEarth’ssurfacehashadanobliteratingeffectontheoriginalcompositionandstructureofthecontinentstosuchanextentthatfurtherterrestrialinvestigationshavesmallchanceofarrivingatanunambiguousanswertothequestionofcontinentalorigin.Paradoxically,cluestotheoriginandearlyhistoryofthesurfacefeaturesoftheEarthmaybefoundontheMoonandplanets,ratherthanontheEarth,becausesomeofthesebodiesappeartohavehadamuchlessactivegeologicalhistory.Asaresult,relativelyprimitivesurfacefeaturesarepreservedforstudyandanalysis.InthecaseofboththeMoonandMars,itisgenerallyconcludedfromtheappearanceoftheirheavilycrateredsurfacesthattheyhavebeensubjectedtobombardmentbylargemeteoroidsduringtheirgeologicalhistory.Likewise,itwouldappearareasonablehypothesisthattheBarthhasalsobeensubjectedtometeoroidbombardmentinpast,andthatverylargebodiesstrucktheEarthearlyinitsgeologicalhistory.

ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.Basedonalunaranalogy,onemightexpectseveralimpactcratersofatleast500kmdiametertohavebeenformedonEarth.ByapplyingBaldwin’sequation,thedepthofsuchacratershouldbeabout20km.Baldwinadmitsthathisequationgivesexcessivedepthsforlargecraterssothattheactualdepthshouldbesomewhatsmaller.Basedonthemeasureddepthofsmallerlunarcrater,Baldwin’sequationgivesthedepthofthezoneofbrecciationforsuchacraterasabout75km.TheplasticityoftheEarth’smantleatthedepthmakesitimpossibletospeakof“bracciation”intheusualsense.However,localstressesmaybetemporarilysustainedatthatdepth,asshownbytheexistenceofdeep-focusearthquakes.Thus,short-termeffectsmightbeexpectedtoadepthofmorethan50kminthemantle.

Evenwithoutknowingthepreciseeffects,thereislittledoubtthattheformationofa500-kmcraterwouldbeamajorgeologicalevent.Numerousauthorshaveconsideredthegeologicalimplicationsofsuchanevent.Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.Twomajordifficultiesinherentinthisconceptarethelackofanyknownsialicmeteorites,andthehighprobabilitythattheenergyofimpactwouldresultinawidedisseminationofsialicmaterial,ratherthanitsconcentrationatthepointofimpact.

Gilvarry,ontheotherhand,calledonmeteoroidimpacttoexplaintheproductionofoceanbasins.Themajordifficultieswiththismodelarethatmorphologyofmostoftheoceanbasinsisnotconsistentwithimpact,andthattheoriginandgrowthofcontinentsisnotadequatelyexplained.

WeagreewithDonnatal.thattheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsmayhavecausedcontinentformation,butwouldratherthinkintermsofthelocalizedadditionofenergytothesystem,ratherthanintermsoftheadditionofactualsialicmaterial.

Amarebasinis（

）.

Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat

（

）.

Thearticleisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

Sialicmaterialrefersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.aformulafordeterminingtherelationshipbetweenthedepthandwidthofcraters

B.avalleythatisfilledinwhenaspatialbodyhasimpactwiththemoonortheearth

C.aplanetoid(smallplanet)createdwhenameteorite,uponstrikingthemoon,breaksoffapartofthemoon

D.adarkspotonthemoon,oncesupposedtobeasea,nowaplain

问题2选项

A.anasteroidislargerthanameteorite.

B.materialfromspace,uponhittingtheearth,waseventuallydistributed

C.theearth,atonetime,hadcraters

D.oceanwereformerlycraters

问题3选项

A.theoriginofcontinents

B.therelationshipbetweenastralphenomenaandthemoon

C.differencesofopinionamongauthoritativegeologists

D.therelationshipbetweenasteroidsandmeteorites

问题4选项

A.thebrokenrockresultingfromtheimpactofameteoriteagainsttheearth

B.materialthatexistsonplanetsotherthantheearth

C.acompositeofrocktypicalofcontinentalareasoftheearth

D.materialthatisman-madetosimulatematerialsthatexistedfarbackingeologicalhistory

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】细节事实题。A选项“是测定陨石坑深度和宽度的公式”，B选项“某一天体与月球或地球撞击时填入的深谷”，C选项“当陨星撞击月亮时，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星体”和D选项“月球上的一个黑点，一度认识是海，现在知道是平原。根据文章第二段的前两句“ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.”“鲍德温所列出的月球上最大的隅#坑直径为285公里。可是，如果我们接受了某些由于撞击而形成海盆地的结构假设，那么月球上最大陨石坑的直径可能有650公里。”由此可以推断出marebasin为月球上的陨石坑，所以D选项正确。

细节事实题。文章第四段讲到了Gilvarry用陨星撞击来解释海洋盆地的形成，这一模式的最大困难在于大多数海洋盆地结构和撞击情况不符，由此可以推断出D选项‘作者不相信海洋是以前的陨石坑’正确。

细节事实题。根据文章在第一段前三句“Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.”“大陆核起源长期以来一直是个谜。进展到现在的理论一般都不能说明大陆生长的第一步情况，或者遭到严厉的反对。这篇文章的目的就是要研究大陨星或小行星的撞击在地球核生成中可能起的作用”推断出A选项‘大陆的起源’正确。

细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.”“例如，Donnatal.提出大陆区域大小的，硅铝结构的天体撞击形成最初的大陆块的设想”可以推断C选项“地球大陆地区特有的岩石构成”符合题意；A选项“由于陨星撞击地球形成破碎的岩石”、B选项“存在于地球之外其它星球的材料”和D选项“人造材料模拟存在于遥远地质史上的材料”均没有在文中提及。

13.单选题

Hequicklymovedasidebehindthetreestoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

问题1选项

A.ducked

B.ev