考研考博-英语-厦门东海职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门东海职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

（1）如果从狭义上去理解“进步”和“人类的状况”，则人们可以甚为合理地说，人类在过去的一个世纪中几乎没有取得任何的进步。（2）全球数以百万计的人仍生活在贫困之中，艾滋病正在夺走无数人的生命，而治愈方法遥遥无期。（3）战争和暴力在中东、非洲以及阿富汗持续不断。（4）然而，持此狭隘的观点，则有可能使人无视人类在过去一百年中已取得的显而易见的巨大进步。（5）随着人类继续迈进21世纪，较为可取的做法应该是全面认识人类在过去100年中已经取得的成就，并展望人类在下一个世纪中可能取得的进步，而不是对人类今日显著改善的生存状况视而不见。

【答案】1.Ifweunderstand“progress”and“thehumancondition”inanarrowsense,itisquitereasonabletosaythatmankindhasmadealmostnoprogressinthepastcentury.

2.MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldstillliveinpovertyandAIDSiskillingmillionswithnocureinsight.

3.WarandviolencecontinueintheMiddleEast,AfricaandAfghanistan.

4.However,withsuchanarrowview,onewouldignoretheremarkableandhugeprogressthathumanityhasmadeinthepasthundredyears.

5.Ashumanitycontinuestomoveintothe21stcentury,itwouldbepreferabletotakeacomprehensiveviewofwhathasbeenachievedinthepast100yearsandlookforwardtotheprogressthatislikelytobemadeinthenextcentury,ratherthanturningablindeyetotheremarkableimprovementinhumanconditionstoday.

2.单选题

Havinga(n)（

）attitudetowardspeoplewithdifferentideasisanindicationthatonehasbeenwelleducated.

问题1选项

A.tolerant

B.analytical

C.bearable

D.elastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。tolerant“宽容的，容忍的”；analytical“分析的，解析的”；bearable“可忍受的，支持得住的”；elastic“有弹性的，灵活的，易伸缩的”。根据句意“____对待持有不同观点人是一种受过良好教育的表现”，C选项的bearable是被迫容忍，tolerant是主动容忍，显然，选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Icouldthenrealizethathewasafeverspecialistofworld_______.

问题1选项

A.renown

B.domain

C.prominence

D.authority

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项renown“声誉，名望”；B选项domain“领域；产业”；C选项prominence“显著；卓越”；D选项authority“权威；权力”。句意：那时我才意识到他是一位世界_______的治疗发烧的专家。根据语境，这里指这位专家很出名，所以renown“声誉，名望”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Mr.Smithcannottellalieskillfully;anyonecan（

）.

问题1选项

A.seehimthrough

B.seehimthroughout

C.seethroughhim

D.seethroughouthim

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定短语。由关键信息cannottellalieskillfully“不善于说谎”可知短语动词seethrough“看穿，识破”符合题意，句意为：史密斯先生不善于说谎；任何人都可以看穿他。故答案选C。

5.单选题

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner.

B.Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.

C.Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.

D.Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.

问题2选项

A.Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.

B.Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.

C.Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.

D.Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.15.

问题3选项

A.Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.

B.Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.

C.Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.

D.Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】PassageTwo

MostAmericansdon’teatenoughfruits,vegetablesorwholegrains.[13]Researchernowsaysaddingfibertotheteendietmayhelplowertheriskofbreastcancer.

Conversationsaboutthebenefitsoffiberareprobablymorecommoninnursinghomesthanhighschools.Butalongcomesanewstudythatcouldchangethat.KristiKing,adietspecialistatTexasChildren’sHospital,findsithardtogetteenagepatients’attentionabouthealthyeating.Buttellingthemthateatinglotsofhigh-fiberfoodscouldreducetheriskofbreastcancerbeforemiddleage.That’sapowerfulmessage.

Thenewfindingisbasedonastudyof44,000women.Theyweresurveyedabouttheirdietsduringhighschool,[14]andtheireatinghabitsweretrackedfortwodecades.Itturnsoutthatthosewhoconsumedthehighestlevelsoffiberduringadolescencehadalowerriskofdevelopingbreastcancer,comparedtothewomenwhoatetheleastfiber.Thisimportantstudydemonstratesthatthemorefiberyoueatduringyourhighschoolyears,theloweryourriskisindevelopingbreastcancerinlaterlife.

[15]Thefindingpointstolongstandingevidencethatfibermayreducecirculatingfemalehormonelevels,whichcouldexplainthereducedrisk.Thebottomlinehereisthemorefiberyoueat,perhaps,alowerlevelofhormoneinyourbody,andtherefore,alowerlifetimeriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.High-fiberdietsarealsolinkedtoareducedriskofheartdiseaseanddiabetes.That’swhywomenaretoldtoeat25gramsoffiberaday—menevenmore.

13.Whatdoesthenewstudytellaboutaddingfibertotheteendiet?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于在青少年饮食中添加纤维，这项新研究告诉了我们什么？录音开头提及，研究人员表示在青少年的膳食中添加纤维食物可能有助于降低患乳腺癌的风险。D选项“它能帮助人们避免患上乳腺癌”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“它使糖尿病患者早日康复”利用diabetes设置干扰，录音中并没有提及相关的信息；B选项“它的健康效益被高估了”和C选项“其长期的影响尚待证明”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

14.Whatdowelearnaboutthesurveyofthe44,000women?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问我们从对44000名女性的调查中了解到什么?录音中提到这项新发现是基于一项对44,000位女性进行的调查。这些女性在中学时期就接受了该调查，而且她们的饮食习惯被持续追踪了20年。因此，A选项“它从青少年时期就开始追踪她们的饮食习惯”正确。B选项“它着重研究她们在纤维摄入量方面与男性的差别”，录音中并没有将男性与女性进行对比，因此不正确；C项“跟踪她们20年来对食品偏好的变化”，录音只是提及追踪她们的饮食习惯，并不是饮食偏好的变化，因此不正确；D选项“它专注于研究她们年轻时的生活方式”在录音中没有信息提及，因此可排除。

15.Whatexplanationdoesthespeakerofferfortheresearchfinding?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者对这项研究发现提供了什么解释？录音提到，这一研究发现指向长期存在的证据，即纤维食物可能会降低女性体内的荷尔蒙循环水平，这就可以解释为什么高纤维膳食能让患乳腺癌的风险降低。D选项“纤维可能会帮助降低人体的荷尔蒙水平”与原文内容表述一致，因此正确。A选项“纤维给女性带来的好处比男性要多”；B选项“纤维可改善心肌功能”和C选项“纤维可以使血液循环更加顺畅”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

6.案例题

"Useitorloseit"isthenewapproachtobackpain.Inthelastfewyears,therehasbeena（1）changeinthewaydoctorstreatthismostcommondisease.Weeksormonthsofrestinbed一the（2）methodoftreatmentforsolong—arenowthoughttobesurelyharmful.Musclesbecomesoft,jointsbecome（3）andwhatstartedoutasa（4）acuteconditionquicklyturnsintoacontinuingdisability.Farbetter,accordingtocurrentthinking,istoputupwithalittlepainandgetmoving.

Thechangehasnothappenedovernight.Foryears,somespecialistshavehadan（5）feelingthatbedrestwasnottheanswer.Butwhatfinallyputanendto（6）bedrestwasastudyofmorethan200patientswhoweretreatedforbackpaininaclinicinTaxes.Notonlydidpatientswhohadtwodays'bedrestdototallyaswellasthosegivensevendays,they（7）onlyhalfasmuchtimealtogether（8）work.

Asaresultofthestudy,expertsnowrecommendthat（9）anyonewithacutebackpainshouldspendmorethanafewdays（10）down.Afterthatshouldcomeaprogramofgradually（11）exercise,probablyaccompaniedbysome（12）treatmentssuchasmassage,heatorultrasound.

Becauseofhospitalwaitinglists,mostpeoplehavetowaitseveralweeksbeforereceivingthetreatmenttheyneeD.Unfortunatelythiswaitisoftenspentinbedorinactivefor（13）ofdoingfurtherdamagetotheback.Ithasbeenestimatedthatforeverydayaninjuredmuscleisresteditlosesatleastonepercentofits（14）.Stayinbedfortwoorthreeweeksanditwillbefar（15）torebuildadamagedmuscle.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

temporary

fear

extend

passiver

equire

substantial

count

instinctive

increase

lie

permanent

hardly

stiff

stick

adopt

hard

current

strength

off

standard

【答案】1.substantial。

2.passive

3.stiff

4.temporary

5.instinctive

6.lie

7.require

8.hard

9.current

10.adopting

11.strength

12.standard

13.fear

14.count

15.permanent

【解析】1.结合上下文及句意可知,既然是新方法,那么治疗这种疾病的方式自然是有了很大的变化。故答案为substantial。

2.根据前面的Weeksormonthsofrestinbed可推断,这种治疗方法是"被动的"。故答案为passive。

3.结合上文可知填空处应填入与soft相对的形容词,stiff呆板的;坚硬的,符合原文句意。故答案为stiff。

4.根据下文的"continuing"可知,填空处应指"暂时的急性症状",故答案为temporary。

5.instinctive与feeling搭配意为"直觉",符合语义。故为答案为instinctive。

6.根据原文句意可知,这里指结束卧床休息的研究。liebedrest指"卧床休息"。故答案为lie。

7.根据原文句意：两天卧床休息的病人不仅和七天卧床休息的病人完全一样,而且他们总共只需要努力工作时间的一半。故答案为require。

8.hard与work构成固定搭配,意为"努力工作"。

9.分析句子的结构和语义,填空处应填入与now意思相近的形容词,故current（目前）符合要求。

10.根据原文可知,这里指"花时间适应背疼的情况",spend后接doing形式。故答案为adopting。

11.此处指"力量运动"。故答案为strength。

12.根据下文的suchasmassage,heatorultrasound可知,这里是对治疗的具体举例,standardtreatments表述合理。故答案为standard。

13.forfearof为固定短语,意为"生怕,以免。"

14.根据上下文及句意可知,这里指"总数的百分之一"。故答案为count.

15.根据关键词"far"推断,填空处应填入的形容词表示需要很长的时间,permanent符合原文。故答案为permanent。

7.单选题

The（）fortravellingwithoutaticketis£200.

问题1选项

A.penal

B.panel

C.panelize

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词及词义辨析。A项形容词penal“刑事的、刑罚的”，B项名词panel“仪表盘、陪审团”，C项动词panelize“处罚、处刑”，D项名词penalty“罚款、罚金”；句意：长途旅行不买票罚款200镑。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Theelectricfandoesnotworkbecauseofthe（

）ofservice.

问题1选项

A.pause

B.break

C.interruption

D.breakdown

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于服务中止，所以电风扇不转了。

名词辨析。Pause暂停，间歇;break停顿，间歇;interruption中止，中断;breakdown损坏，故障。根据题目前半部分的信息可知theofservice这个部分应该表示“服务中止/中断”的意思，故答案选项为C。

9.单选题

Therecent（）surroundinganewlawconcernedwithgaysinArizonarevealshowdeeplydividedthestatecanbe.

问题1选项

A.construction

B.concentration

C.constraint

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。construction建造；concentration专注；constraint约束，局促；controversy争论，论战。由deeplydivided深深地分裂可推知空格处应填D项“争议”。句意：最近在亚利桑那州围绕着一项关于同性恋的新法律的争议，揭示了这个州是多么的分裂。

10.单选题

Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesarcathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren;“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread,sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseeksgrasp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（

）.

3.TheviewsofRavitcliandEmersononschoolingare

（

）.

4.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

问题2选项

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

问题3选项

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

问题4选项

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“美国家长期望他们的孩子在学校学到什么”。文章第一段第二句提到“甚至我们送孩子去学习知识的学校也不是为了求知”（Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge），可知美国家长送孩子去学校的目的是培养实践能力，选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中我们可以知美国有过一段怎样的历史”。文章第二段第一句话提到“教育作家提出，学校一直处于一个重视实际而轻视才智的社会中”（“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli），选项A“轻视才智”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“Ravitch和Emerson关于学校的观点……”。文章第五段第一句话提到爱默生和其他一些超经验主义者认为学校和严格的书本学习禁锢了学生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可见爱默生是不认可所谓的才智主义；文章第二段提到了Ravitcli关于教育的观点，他认为学校应该平衡“实践能力与才智教育”，不能一味重视实践能力，由此可以看书Ravitcli是重视才智的。由此可以看出，这两位的观点是相反的，选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章可以得知，爱默生可能……”。文章第五段第一句话提到爱默生和其他一些超经验主义者认为学校和严格的书本学习禁锢了学生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可知爱默生是反对才智主义的，选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Ifapersonfailstoconformtoconventionalbehavior,heislikelytobebyothers.

问题1选项

A.preserved

B.instructed

C.avoided

D.selected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据关键信息failstoconformtoconventionalbehavior可知，这种行为不合常规。那么别人有可能会因此生厌，敬而远之。词组beavoidedbyothers表示“被他人远离（或排挤）”，最符合句意，A选项preserved表示“保护，保存”；B选项instructed表示“指示，教育，指导”；C选项表示“”；D选项selected表示“选择，挑选”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。【句意】如果一个人行为不合常规，那么别人很可能对他敬而远之。

12.单选题

Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcastordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilesWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thephenomenonofsleepiscommontowhichofthefollowinggroupsoflivingbeings?

2.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohidingplacesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins

（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat,iftheydidnotsleep,babiesofhuntinganimalsmight（

）.

问题1选项

A.All-ancientanimals.

B.Primatesonly.

C.Four-fooledbeastsonly.

D.Mostmammalsandbirds

问题2选项

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

问题3选项

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordtosleepverymuch

C.usuallydreamwhileawake

D.taketurnssleeping

问题4选项

A.bemoreawareofdanger

B.makenoiseatthewrongtimes

C.failtogrowproperly

D.beabletocatchmorefood

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.脑电图显示，我们和所有的灵长类动物以及几乎所有其他的哺乳动物和鸟类都会睡觉。由此可知，选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.在睡梦中，动物被强有力地固定住，对外界刺激毫无反应。”所以选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“whalesanddolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.或许关于睡眠原始功能的一个有力暗示发现了“海豚、鲸鱼和水生哺乳动物似乎总是睡得很少”这一事实。选项B符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数二三句“Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.”那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安静的动物，在危险的时刻，会被睡眠这一无法缓和的武器固定住。这一点对于幼小的食肉动物来说似乎特别明显。也就是说，幼小的食肉动物在危险时刻无法保持安静，即在不恰当的时机发出声音，所以选项B符合原文。

13.单选题

BorisYeltsin,Russia’spresident,died.HisfuneralinMoscowwasattendedbyabevyofworldleaderspastandpresent.

问题1选项

A.prior

B.past

C.former

D.late

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。prior“优先的”；past“过去的”；former“从前的”；late“迟的；已故的”。本句说的是俄罗斯前总统去世，表示“前任”一般用former，因此C现象符合题意。

14.单选题

Thegreatestcontributiontocivilizationinthecenturymaywellbetheair-conditioning—andAmericanleadsjustasamazingisthespeedwithwhichthissituationcametobe.Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.

ButnoteverybodyisawarethathighcostandeasycomfortaremerelytwooftheeffectsofthevastcoolingofAmerican.Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.

Manyofthebyproductsaresoconspicuousthattheyarescarcelynoticed.Tobeginwith,air-conditioningtransformedthefaceofAmericabymakingpossiblethoseglassy,boxy,sealed-inskyscrapers.Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.

Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.Itisreallysurprisingthatthepublic’softennotedwithdrawalintoself-pursuitandprivacyhascoincidedwiththehistoricspreadofair-conditioning.Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.Ifso,air-conditioningisonlylikemanyothergreatlyusefultechnicaldevelopmentsthatliberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.

1.Accordingtothisselection,whichofthefollowingconstitutestheuniquecharacterofU.S.?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefconsequencebroughtaboutbythewideapplicationofair-conditioningis________.

3.Thetoneofthisselectionrevealsthatair-conditioning________.

4.Whobenefitstheleastfromair-conditioningaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardsair-conditioning?

问题1选项

A.Itsexcessiveuseofair-conditioning.

B.Itsadvancedcomputerizedcivilization.

C.Itspublic’sretreatingintoself-pursuit.

D.Itsgreatestcontributiontohumancivilization.

问题2选项

A.thelossofhumancapacitytoadapttochangesinclimate

B.thereductionofsocialcommunicationsofneighborhoodlife

C.theactivelifestyleofallitsusers

D.thedecreasedhumanproductionandpower

问题3选项

A.haslittleeffectonitsusers

B.hasmoreeffectonbodythanonmind

C.bringsmorebenefitsthandamagetoitsusers

D.doesharmaswellasgoodtoitsusers

问题4选项

A.Factorylaborers.

B.Consumers.

C.Medicalexperts.

D.Manufacturers.

问题5选项

A.Critical.

B.Compromising.

C.Neutral.

D.Objective.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.（事实上，空调已经极大地改变了这个国家的性格和习俗。），可知空调在很大程度上影响着美国，A选项“空调的过多使用”正确。B选项“先进的计算机文明”：根据第三段最后一句Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.（对于灵敏的高级计算机来说，它是必不可少的，因为它们的高工作温度需要不断地冷却。），可知这里指的是计算机需要空调，而不是计算机影响美国。C选项“公众的自我追求”和D选项“它对人类文明的最大贡献”：文中没有提到公众的自我追求对美国的影响，也没有提到美国对人类的贡献。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.（它随意地迫使家庭退回到门窗紧闭的家庭中，减少了社区生活的互动。），可知空调减少了人们在社区间的交流，B选项“社区生活中社会交流的减少”符合文章内容。A选项“人类适应气候变化能力的丧失”：根据第四段第三句air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress（空调可能会降低人类适应压力的能力），可知空调会降低人的适应力，但不至于到丧失的地步。C选项“所有用户积极的生活方式”：文中没有具体提到空调让人的生活方式变得更积极还是消极，这不是文章表达的重点。D选项“减少人类生产和力量”：根据文章最后一句air-conditioning…liberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway（空调……通过在某些方面提高人的生产力和力量，把人从自然中解放出来），可知空调提高人的生产力和力量。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Ifso,air-conditioning…liberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.（如果是这样的话，空调……通过在某些方面提高人的生产力和力量，把人从自然中解放出来，而在其他方面间接地削弱了人的能力。），可知空调有利有弊，D选项“对用户来说有利有弊”正确；没有分别点出利弊的程度有多深，C选项“对用户来说利大于弊”错误。根据文章倒数第二句Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat…air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.（尽管科学上很少研究习惯性的空调是如何影响身心的，但一些医学专家认为……空调可能会降低人类适应压力的能力。），前文也提到空调减少社区生活的互动，可知空调对人的身心都有影响，但没有点出对哪方面的影响更大，A选项“对其用户没有什么影响”错误和B选项“对身体的影响比对精神的影响大”错误。因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.（在第二次世界大战期间，空调作为一种生产援助开始在工业中传播），制造商可以从中赚钱，D选项“制造商”错误。根据第一段最后一句TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.（如今，大多数美国人在家庭、办公室、工厂、剧院、商店、工作室、学校、酒店和餐馆都需要空调。），工厂工人可以在夏天仍然享受舒服的室温，A选项“工厂工人”错误。根据第四段第三句somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.（但有的医学专家认为，就像其他躲避气候自然变化的技术一样，空调可能会损害人类适应压力的能力。），医学专家可以以空调带给人的影响做研究，C选项“医学专家”错误。纵观全文，作者点出空调带给用空调的人的各种坏处，比如减少社区互动、降低适应压力的能力等，所以消费者受益最小，B选项“消费者”符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】观点态度题。文章提到空调成本高昂、带来的舒适性小，减少了人们的交流，降低了人们适应压力的能力，罗列出很多缺点，却没有提到空调给人们带来的具有建设性的优点，A选项“批评”正确，B选项“折衷”和C选项“中立”错误。D选项“客观”：带有批判性就不是客观的态度。因此A选项正确。

15.翻译题

WehavenoideaifonlineadsworkInthesummerof2003,ViacomexecutiveMelKarmazinmanagedtosumupoldmedia’shorroroftheInternetwithoneofbusinesslore’sgreatestvulgaron-liners.Karmazin,aswaggeringformeradsalesmanandonetimeCBSCorporationpresident,hadmadeanexpeditiontocheckoutSiliconValley'shottestyoungupstart:Google.Sittinginthefuturesearchgiant’soffices,helistenedindismayasitsfounders,LarryPageandSergeyBrin,anditsCEO,EricSchmidt,detailedthemanywaystheircompanycouldtrackandanalyzetheeffectivenessofonlineadvertising.Thiscouldnotpossiblybegoodforbusiness,Karmazinthought,1.Ithadalwaysbeennearlyimpossibleformarketerstotellwhichoftheiradsworkedandwhichdidn’tandthelesstheyknew,themoreanetworklikeCBScouldchargefora30-secondspot.Artwasfarmoreprofitablethanscience.

Adecadelater,someonefinallyseemstobe,well,messingwithGoogle'sownbagoftricks.Lastyear,agroupofeconomistsworkingwitheBay’sinternalresearchlabissuedamassiveexperimentalstudywithasimplestartlingconclusion:Foralarge,well-knownbrand,searchadsareprobablyworthless.2.Thismonth,theirfindingswerere-releasedasaworkingpaperbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchandgreetedwitharoundofcoverageaskingwhetherInternetadvertisingofanykindworksatall.

“Weknowalotlessthantheadvertisingindustrywouldlikeustothinkweknow,"StevenTadelis,oneoftheeBaystudy’sco-authors,toldme.

AskGoogle.FacebookorTwitter,ofcourse,andthey’llreliablybustoutthird-partyresearchexplainingthattheiradsworkjustfine,evenifconsumersdon’talwaysclickonthem.Anentireecosystemofanalyticscompanies,includingbignameslikeComScoreandNielsen,hasevolvedtotellclientswhichonlineadvertisementsgivethemthebiggestbangfortheirbucks,Especiallycutting-edgefirms,suchasDialogic.Haveevenfoundwaystodrawcorrelationsbetweentheadsconsumersseeonlineandwhattheybuyinstores.Weareswimmingindata.3.AndthereareplentyofprofessionalsouttherehappytotellcorporateAmericawhatallthatdatameans,withthehelpofsomefancymathematicalmodels.

Theproblem,accordingtoTadelisandothers,isthatmuchofthedatawebsitesgenerateismoreorlessuseless.Someoftheproblemsarepracticallyasoleasmarkingitself.Forinstance,companiesliketorunlargeadcampaignsduringmajorshoppingseasons,likeChristmas.ButifsalesdoublecomeDecember,it’shardtosaywhethertheadortheholidaywasresponsible.Compan