考研考博-英语-厦门南洋职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门南洋职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ifyoupushhardontheworld,theworldwillpushbackonyou;ifyoutouchtheworldgently,theworldwilltouchyou（）.

问题1选项

A.inreturn

B.inthelongrun

C.inturn

D.inplace

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组。A:inreturn“反过来”；B:inthelongrun“从长远来看”;C:inturn“依次；轮流”；D:inplace“在对的位置；适当的”。句意：如果你在这个世界上努力的话，世界会对你施加压力；如果你对世界温柔，那么世界也会同样待你。句子前后结构一致，可知A符合语境，为正确答案。

2.翻译题

中国有许多不同的宗教，如外来的佛教、基督教和伊斯兰教，以及本土的道教。寺庙是中国人为尊重佛教，对佛教建筑的新称呼。它是我国悠久历史文化的象征，也是宝贵的艺术珍品。寺庙文化完整地保存了我国各个朝代的历史文物，也渗透到国民生活的各个方面。各地一年一度的庙会不仅丰富了文化氛围，也同时促进了地方旅游业的发展。

【答案】TherearemanydifferentreligionsinChina,suchasforeignBuddhism,Christianity,IslamandnativeTaoism.“Temple”，anewnameforBuddhistarchitecture,embodiesChinesepeople’srespectforBuddhism.ItisasymboloflonghistoryandcultureinChinaandalsopreciousarttreasures.ThetempleculturehascompletelypreservedthehistoricalrelicsofvariousdynastiesinChina,andhaspenetratedintoallaspectsofnationallife.TheannualtemplefairsinallpartsofChinanotonlyenrichtheculturalatmosphere,butalsopromotethedevelopmentoflocaltourism.

3.单选题

Thecompany（

）ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.

问题1选项

A.ispromised

B.hasbeenpromised

C.ispromising

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。forages时间状语，常与现在完成时连用，表示现在以前的这一段时间里一直在做的事情。选项B符合题意。

4.填空题

Peoplewithdepressionmayhavelowself-esteem,asenseofhopelessnessaboutthefuture,andalackofinterestinpeopleandactivitiesoncefound________.(pleasure)

【答案】pleasurable

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】oncefound________是修饰peopleandactivities的后置定语，指的是曾经让抑郁症患者感到愉快的人和活动，横线所在内容修饰peopleandactivities，应为形容词，pleasurable的意思为“愉快的”，符合语境。

【句意】抑郁症患者可能自尊心较低，对未来感到绝望，对曾经令其愉快的人和活动缺乏兴趣。

5.单选题

Men'sandwomen'sbrainsarenotonlydifferent,butthewayweusethemdifferstoo.Womenhavelargerconnectionsandmorefrequentinteractionbetweentheirbrain'sleftandrighthemispheres.Thisaccountsforwomen'sabilitytohavebetterverbalskillsandintuition.Men,ontheotherhand,havegreaterbrainhemisphereseparation,whichexplainstheirskillsforabstractreasoningandvisual-spatialintelligence.

Bothmenandwomentendtofollowtheirbiologicalprograms.Mentendtoretainafirmsenseofdirection:theyneedtotracethegame,catchit,andfindthewayhome,whilewomenhaveabetterperipheralvisionthathelpsthemtoseewhat'shappeningaroundthehouse,tospotallapproachingdanger,tonoticechangesinthechildren'sbehaviorandappearance.Men'sbrainsareprogrammedtohunting,whichexplainstheirnarrowrangeofvision,whilewomen'sbrainsareabletodecipherawiderrangeofinformation.

Whenenteringaroom,menlookforexits,estimatingapossiblethreat,andwaysofescape,whilewomenpayattentiontotheguests9facestofindoutwhotheyareandhowtheyfeel.Menareabletosortoutinformationandarchiveitintheirhead.Womentendto“rewind”theinformationoverandoveragain.Theonlywaytostopthinkingoftheproblemsistotalkitover.

Whenawomansharesherproblemswithaman,sheisnotlookingforsolutions:sheneedssomeonetolistentoher.

Menpreferstridentnoises,hardhandshakes,andredcolor.Theyarebetteratsolvingtechnicalproblems.Womenhaveasharperear;theyusemorewordswhiletalking,andarebetteratcompletingtasksindependently.

Basedonthesebiologicallyexplaineddifferences,somepsychologicaldistinctionsbetweenmenandwomencanbeestablished;Mengraspasituationasawholeandthinkglobally,whilewomenthinklocally,relyingondetailsandnuances;menaremoreindependentintheirthoughtsandactions,whilewomenaremorewillingtofollowtheideassuggestedbyothers.Womentendtocriticizethemselves,whilemenaremoresatisfiedwiththeirownperformance.Men'ssatisfactioncomefromcareerandprosperity,whilewomenvaluefamilyandkids;menhaveapronouncedneedtofulfilltheirgoals,andwomenrankrelationshipswithothersfirst.Womenenduepainandmonotonousworkbetterthanmen.

Alltheabovegetsevenmoreconfusing,ifwetakeintoaccountthat15to20%ofmenhappentohaveafemaletypeofbrains,andabout10%ofwomenhaveamaletypeofbrains,whichmeansthatsomepercentageofmenandwomennomatterhowsmallitseems,arepartiallyprogrammedtothebehaviorandwayofthinkingoftheoppositegender.

“Okay,Iunderstandtheproblem”youaresayingtoyourself,but“what'sthesolution”？Thatdependsonwhetheryouareawomanoraman.

1.Thispassagemainlydescribesthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenin（）

.

2.Whenawomannarratesherproblemstoaman,shewants（）

.

3.WhichofthefollowingmayreflecttheChinesesaying“女人心,海底针”？

4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）

.

5.Whenamanhasasharpernaturalabilityofintuitionthanothermen,wewouldsaythathe（）

.

6.Whenwesay“womenthinklocally”itmeansthat（）

.

问题1选项

A.physiology

B.sociology

C.psychology

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.ahelper

B.alistener

C.allanalyzer

D.problem-solver

问题3选项

A.Women'sbrainsareabletodecipherawiderrangeofinformation.

B.Womenhavelargerconnectionsandmorefrequentinteractionbetweentheirbrain'sleftandrighthemispheres.

C.womenarebetteratcompletingtasksindependently.

D.womanattachgreaterimportancetorelationships.

问题4选项

A.menaremoredependentemotionally

B.womenarelessdependentemotionally

C.menarelessdependentinmakingdecisions

D.womenarelessconfidentthanmen

问题5选项

A.isawomanasamatteroffact

B.isborntobeawoman

C.hasafemaletypeofbrains

D.hasamaletypeofbrains

问题6选项

A.womenareattractedmorebylocalaffairs

B.womennoticeonlythelocalaffairs

C.womenpaymoreattentiontodetails

D.womendon'tcareabouttheinternationalaffairs

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:C

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,第一二段主要是生理学的角度讲述讲述男女差异,第三四五段是社会学的角度,第六段是心理学的角度,所以选项D正确。

2.根据第四段“Whenawomansharesherproblemswithaman,sheisnotlookingforsolutions:sheneedssomeonetolistentoher.”可知,当女人在倾诉的时候,她需要的不是解决方案,而是一个倾听者,所以选项B正确。

3.“女人心,海底针”指女人想得比较多,心思难以琢磨。选项A“女性的大脑能够解读更广泛的信息”说明女性心思细腻,想法多。所以选项A符合题意。其他选项都不是讲女性心思细腻,想法多,所以排除。

4.根据原文可知,选项A和B在文中没有提及,根据第六段“menaremoreindependentintheirthoughtsandactions,whilewomenaremorewillingtofollowtheideassuggestedbyothers.”男人在思想和行动上更独立,而女人更愿意听从别人的建议。说明男性在做决定时更独立,选项C正确；第六段提及女人喜欢批评自己,而男人对自己的表现更满意,并不能说明女人不如男人自信,所以排除。

5.根据倒数第二段的内容可知,15-20%的男性有着女性思维方式的大脑,而10%的女性有着男性思维方式的大脑,他们的思维方式和行为与异性一致。根据题意,当一个男人比其他男人有更敏锐的直觉能力,我们说她有着女性思维方式的大脑,因为一般女性比男性的直觉要更加敏锐,所以选项C正确。

6.根据第六段“Mengraspasituationasawholeandthinkglobally,whilewomenthinklocally,relyingondetailsandnuance...”男性从整体上把握形势,放眼全球；而女性则从局部出发,依靠细节和细微差别进行思考。选项C符合原文。

6.单选题

Iftheworldistoremainpeacefultheutmosteffortmustbemadebynationstolimitlocal（）.

问题1选项

A.collisions

B.combats

C.contradictions

D.conflicts

【答案】D

【解析】collision碰撞,抵触,冲突;combat格斗,战斗;contradiction矛盾,否认;conflict冲突(指处于战争状态或激烈的争吵)。句意：如果想要维持世界和平,各国需要尽最大努力来限制地区冲突。

7.单选题

()thatshouldbegivenpriorityto.

问题1选项

A.Itisthecommitteehasdecided

B.Itisonlythecommitteehasdecided

C.Itiswhatthecommitteehasdecided

D.Itiswhathasthecommitteedecided

【答案】C

【解析】考查强调句型。该句强调部分是被动句的主语whatthecommitteehasdecided。句意：委员会的决定应该优先执行。因此C选项符合题意。

8.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

20世纪80年代以来，中国陆续推出一系列科学技术研究发展的整体计划，旨在战略性地全面提高国家在21世纪的综合科技竞争力。1982年开始实施的国家科技攻关计划，是20世纪中国最大的科技计划。它面向国民经济建设主战场，解决国民经济和社会发展中带有方向性、关键性和综合性的问题，涉及农业、电子信息、能源、交通、材料、资源勘探、环境保护、医疗卫生等领域。

【答案】Sincethe1980s,Chinahaslaunchedaseriesofoverallplansforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentforthepurposeofenhancingthecountry’scomprehensivescientificandtechnologicalcompetitivenessstrategicallyandroundlyin21stcentury.NationalKeyTechnologyR&DProgram,whichiscarriedoutin1982,isChina'’slargestscienceandtechnologyprograminthe20thcentury.Facingthemainbattlefieldofnationaleconomicconstruction,itsolvesdirectional,keyandcomprehensiveproblemsinnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,involvingagriculture,electronicinformation,energy,transportation,materials,resourceexploration,environmentalprotection,medicalandhealthcareandotherfields.

9.单选题

Duringthelecture,thespeakeroccasionally______hispointbyrelatinghisownexperiences.

问题1选项

A.illustrated

B.hinted

C.tied

D.displayed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.illustrated说明，阐明B.hinted暗示；透露

C.tied（用线、绳等）系，拴D.displayed陈列；展出

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词thespeaker（演讲者）和hispoint（他的观点）可推知，空格处表示“阐明观点”，illustrate指用例子、故事或图表阐明，符合句意，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在讲座中，演讲者偶尔会通过讲述自己的经历来阐述他的观点。

10.单选题

—Youforgotyourkeyswhenyoulefthomeinthemorning.

—Goodheavens,（）.

问题1选项

A.sodidI.

B.soIdid.

C.soyoudid.

D.sodidyou.

【答案】B

【解析】句意:早上，你离开家的时候，忘记拿钥匙了。天啦，是的！

语法题。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一个人。根据句意关系，后句是表示同意上文陈述的内容，而第一句主句的动词是forgot（过去时），因此“soldid”表示“确实”，符合句意和结构，助动词需与前文保持时态一致。因此B项正确。

11.单选题

Whenfacedwithdoubtsfromsomeadvisersontheattemptedinvasion,thepresidentignoredthem.

问题1选项

A.failedtonotice

B.putupwith

C.stoodupfor

D.refusedtoconsider

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。根据句意：当面对一些顾问对入侵企图的质疑时，总统……了他们。ignore意为“忽略，忽视”。A选项failtonotice“没有注意到”；B选项putupwith“容忍，忍受”；C选项standupfor“支持，拥护”；D选项refusetoconsider“拒绝考虑”。选项A与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。

12.单选题

Thetoneofthearticles（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reproduce“繁殖，复制”;reflect“反映，表现”，reflectone'smood“反映某人的心情”，符合句意；imagine“想象，设想”；imitate“模仿，仿效”。选项B符合题意。句意：文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。

13.单选题

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom-awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"she'sthetalkerinourfamily.Theroomburstintolaughterthemanlookedpuzzledandhurt,"it'strue"heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewoftheme—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingandsocialarrangements.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication.“Hedoesn'tlistentome”:“Hedoesn'ttalktome.”IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingat:thebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.

1.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

2.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase"wreakinghavoc"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

5.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson（

）.

问题1选项

A.Talkingtothem.

B.Trustingthem.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Sharinghousework.

问题2选项

A.generatingmotivation

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

D.creatingpressure

问题3选项

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse

问题4选项

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

问题5选项

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S

D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中womenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem（女人经常抱怨他们的丈夫不和她们交谈）可推测大多数妻子对丈夫的主要期望是与他们交谈，因此选A。

第2题:词义题。generatingmotivation意为“产生动机”；exertinginfluence意为“发挥影响”；causingdamage意为“造成伤害”；creatingpressure意为“创造压力”。由文章第二段中althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome,andpatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.（尽管美国男人在公共场合比女人说话更多，但他们在家里经常少说话，这种模式正在wreakinghavoc婚姻）以及第三段中gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces（没有沟通是他们离婚的原因）可知C选项最符合句意。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome可知A、D选项正确，由第四段中Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication可知C选项正确，因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中mostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives（大多数妻子希望丈夫成为最重要的谈话伙伴，但很少有丈夫对妻子抱有同样的期望）可推测妻子与丈夫对谈话有不同的认知，因此选D。

第5题:推理判断题。文章主要讲述了家庭生活中妻子与丈夫对谈话认知的差异，那么接下来作者将继续围绕这一主题进行展述，最有可能对thestereotypicalcartoon进行详细描述，因此选B。

14.单选题

Itisunfairto______fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungpeoplearebaddrivers.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.deduce推论；推断B.generalize概括；归纳

C.minimize使减少到最低限度D.transfer转移；搬迁

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“从这两件事中得出______并说所有的年轻人都是糟糕的司机是不公平的”可知，空格处是指从事件中得出的定论或者概论，而这个定论是不太准确的，generalize指一些在大多数情况下或对大多数人来说似乎是正确的事情，但在所有情况下可能不是完全正确的，故该题选择B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

A项是指根据现有的真实信息或证据推断出正确的结论，不符合句意；

C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】从这两件事中得出结论说所有的年轻人都是糟糕的司机是不公平的。

15.不定项选择题

Broccoli(西兰花)ishighinvitaminsandmineralsExtractsofbroccoliandbananamayhelpinfightingstomachproblem,researchsuggests,Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.

TrialsareunderwaytoseeiftheycouldbeusedasamedicalfoodforpatientswithCrohn’sdisease.Crohn’sdiseaseisaninflammatoryboweldiseasethatcausessymptomssuchasabdominal(腹部)pain.Itaffectsaboutonein1,000people,andisthoughttobecausedbyamixtureofenvironmentalandgeneticfactors.

Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood,ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpoollookedathowroughagefromvegetablesinfluencedthepassageofharmfulbacteriathroughcellsinsidethegut.Theyfoundthatfibresfromtheplantain,atypeoflargebanana,andbroccoliwereparticularlybeneficial.Butacommonstabilizeraddedtoprocessedfoodsduringthemanufacturingprocesshadtheoppositeeffect.

Dr.BarryCampbell,fromtheUniversityofLiverpool,said:“Thisresearchshowsthatdifferentdietarycomponentscanhavepowerfuleffectsonthemovementofbacteriatroughthebowel.Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.Ourworksuggeststhatitmightbeimportantforpatientswiththisconditiontoeathealthilyandlimittheirintakeofprocessedfoods.”

TheresearchpublishedinthejournalGutandcarriedoutincollaborationwithexpertsinSwedenandScotland,investigatedspecialcells,calledM-cells,whichlinethegutandwardoffinvadingbacteria.Workwascarriedoutinlaboratory-growncellsandtissuesamplesfrompatientsundergoingsurgeryforstomachproblems.Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.“ItmaybethatitmakessenseforsufferersofCrohn’stotakesupplementsofthesefibrestohelppervertdeterioration,”saidProfessorJonRhodesoftheUniversityofLiverpool.

Commentingonthestudy,aspokespersonforCrohn’sandColitis,whichrepresentspatientswithinflammatoryboweldisorders,welcomedfurtherinsightintohowthegutcombatsbacterialikeE.Coll.“KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike,”shesaid.

26.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

27.WhydopeopleindevelopedcountriessuffermostfromCrohn’sdisease?

28.AccordingtoDr.BarryCampbellwhatisstillNOTunderstoodabouteatingplantain?

29.WhatistheaimoftrialsonCrohn’ssufferers?

30.WhatdidexpertssayonthediscoveryofM-cells?

问题1选项

A.Fibresinbroccoliandplantainhelpreducestomachinfections.

B.Broccoliextractsdecreasenaturaldefenses.

C.Howprocessedfoodsdoharmtobodyhealth.

D.Howexpertscommentonbroccolinutrition.

问题2选项

A.Becausetheintakeofvegetablesislessthandailyrecommendation.

B.Becausetheprocessedfoodreducesthefibreneededindigestion.

C.Becausetheydonotlikefoodlowinfibre.

D.Becausetheyprefertoeathighcaloriesfood.

问题3选项

A.Howtoimprovebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfection.

B.Howtolimitpeople’sintakeofprocessedfood.

C.Howtogainvitamins,mineralsandfibreforhealth.

D.Howtoreconfirmgeneralhealthbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Theaimistoencouragepeopletoeathighfibrefood.

B.Theaimistoproducehighfibresupplements.

C.Theaimistoprovetheeffectofplantainfibrefood.

D.Theaimistoimproverecipeofhighfibremedicine.

问题5选项

A.Itgivesfurtherinsightforstomachinfection.

B.IthelpsproveM-cellroletohealthydiet.

C.ItleadsinvestigationforCrohn’sdisease.

D.Itsupportstheinventionofhighfibremedialfood.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】26.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干：文章的主题思想是？文章开头第一句话就表明了文章主旨Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.（实验室研究表明，蔬菜中的纤维可以增强人体对胃部感染的自然防御能力。），因此A选项“西兰花和大蕉中的纤维有助于减少胃部感染”，符合题意；B选项“西兰花提取物会降低自然防御能力”，和文章表达的意思相反，故排除；文章第三段提到发达国家的人患克罗恩氏病的概率高是因为日常饮食含纤维少，而加工食品含量高，但也没有详细说明加工食品如何损害身体健康，故C选项“加工食品如何损害身体健康”，属于无中生有选项，排除；D选项“专家如何评价西兰花的营养”，全文是在讲蔬菜中的纤维，以及专家对其研究，D选项不够全面，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

27.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：为什么发达国家的人最容易患克罗恩病？由题干定位到文章第三段第一句话Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood.（这种情况在发达国家很常见，那里的饮食通常纤维含量低，加工食品含量高。），因此B选项“因为加工食品减少了消化所需的纤维”，符合题意；A选项“因为蔬菜的摄入量低于每日推荐量”，文章并没有提及每日推荐的蔬菜摄入量是多少，属于无中生有选项，故排除；C选项“因为他们不喜欢低纤维的食物”和D选项“因为他们喜欢吃高热量的食物”，在文中均未提及，属于无中生有选项。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

28.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：据巴里•坎贝尔博士所说，关于吃大蕉我们还有什么不理解的呢？由题干定位到文章第四段第二句话Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.（我们早就知道吃大蕉和花椰菜对健康有好处，这两种食物都富含维生素和矿物质，但直到现在我们还不知道它们是如何增强人体对克罗恩病患者常见感染的自然防御能力的。），因此A选项“如何提高身体对胃部感染的自然抵抗力”，符合题意；B选项“如何限制人们对加工食品的摄入量”，C选项“如何获得对健康有益的维生素，矿物质和纤维”和D选项“如何再次确认一般健康福利的益处”，和吃大蕉并没有直接联系，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

29.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：对克罗恩病患者进行试验的目的是什么？由题干定位到文章第五段第三句话Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.（目前正在76名克罗恩病患者身上进行临床试验，以确定含有大蕉纤维的医疗食品是否有助于预防克罗恩病。），因此C选项“目的是为了证明大蕉纤维食品的功效”，符合题意；A选项“目的是鼓励人们吃高纤维食物”，B选项“目的是生产高纤维补品”和D选项“目的是改进高纤维药物的配方”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

30.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：专家们对M细胞的发现有什么看法?由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句话KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike.（对M细胞角色的知识提供了更详细的解释，为什么健康饮食可以改善克罗恩病患者和健康人类的身体状态和幸福。），因此B选项“它有助于证明M细胞对健康饮食的作用”，符合题意；A选项“它对胃感染有进一步的了解”，C选项“它导致了对克罗恩病的调查”，和D选项“它支持高纤维医疗食品的发明”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

16.单选题

Wehaveinvested（）80,000inthisprojectbuttillnowthereisnohopeforustogetapennyback.

问题1选项

A.subsequently

B.unexpectedly

C.approximately

D.reluctantly

【答案】C

【解析】词义辨析题。subsequently随后；unexpectedly想不到的；approximately大约,

近乎；reluctantly不情愿地。句意：我们在这个项目上投资了大约8万美元,

但到目前为止,

我们还没有希望收回一分钱。选项C符合句意。

17.翻译题

(1)Someauthoritiesdeclarethatpeoplemayactuallygoinsaneinordertofindinthedreamland(梦境)ofinsanity,thefeelingofimportancethathasbeendeniedthemintheharshworldofreality.TherearemorepatientssufferingfrommentaldiseasesintheUnitedStatesthanfromallotherdiseasescombined.

Whatisthecauseofinsanity?Nobodycananswersuchasweepingquestion,butweknowthatcertaindiseases,suchassyphilis(梅毒),breakdownanddestroythebraincellsandresultininsanity.Infact,aboutone-halfofallmentaldiseasescanbeattributedtosuchphysicalcausesasbrainlesions(脑病变),alcohol,toxinsandinjuries.Buttheotherhalf—andthisistheappallingpartofthestory—theotherhalfofthepeoplewhogoinsaneapparentlyhavenothingorganicallywrongwiththeirbraincells.Inpost-mortemexaminations(尸检),whentheirbraintissuesarestudiedunderthehighest-poweredmicroscopes,thesetissuesarefoundtobeapparentlyjustashealthyasyoursandmine.

Whydothesepeoplegoinsane?Iputthatquestiontotheheadphysicianofoneofourmostimportantpsychiatrichospitals.Thisdoctor,whohasreceivedthehighesthonoursandthemostcovetedawardsforhisknowledgeofthissubject,toldmefranklythathedidn’tknowwhypeoplewentinsane.Nobodyknowsforsure.Buthedidsaythatmanypeoplewhogoinsanefindininsanityafeelingofimportancethattheywereunabletoachieveintheworldofreality.(2)Ifsomepeoplearesohungryforafeelingofimportancethattheyactuallygoinsanetogetit,imaginewhatmiracleyouandIcanachievebygivingpeoplehonestappreciationthissideofinsanity.

OneofthefirstpeopleinAmericanbusinesstobepaidasalaryofoveramilliondollarsayearwasCharlesSchwab.HehadbeenpickedbyAndrewCarnegietobecomethefirstpresidentofthenewlyformedUnitedStatesSteelCompanyin1921,whenSchwabwasonlythirty-eightyearsold.WhydidAndrewCarnegiepayamilliondollarsayear,ormorethanthreethousanddollarsaday,toCharlesSchwab?Why?BecauseSchwabwasagenius?No.Becauseheknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanotherpeople?Nonsense.

CharlesSchwabtoldmehimselfthathehadmanymenworkingforhimwhoknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanhedid.Schwabsaidthathewaspaidthissalarylargelybecauseofhisabilitytodealwithpeople.Iaskedhimhowhedidit.Hereishissecretsetdowninhisownwords—wordsthatoughttobecastineternalbronzeandhungineveryhomeandschool,everyshopandofficeintheland—wordsthatchildrenoughttomemorizeinsteadofwastingtheirtimememorizingtheconjugationofLatinverbsortheamountoftheannualrainfallinBrazil—wordsthatwillallbuttransformyourlifeandmineifwewillonlylivethem:

“Iconsidermyabilitytoarouseenthusiasmamongmypeople,”saidSchwab,“thegreatestassetIpossess,andthewaytodevelopthebestofapersonisbyappreciationandencouragement.“Thereisnothingelsethatsokillstheambitionsofapersonascriticismsfromsuperiors.Inevercriticizeanyone.Ibelieveingivingapersonincentivetowork.SoIamanxioustopraisebutloathtofindfault.IfIlikeanything,Iamheartyinmyapprobationandlavishinmypraise.”ThatiswhatSchwabdid.

Butwhatdoaveragepeopledo?Theexactopposite.(3)Iftheydon’tlikeathing,theybawlouttheirsubordinates;iftheydolikeit,theysaynothing.Astheoldcoupletsays:“OnceIdidbadandthatIheardever/TwiceIdidgood,butthatIheardnever.”

“Inmywideassociationinlife,meetingwithmanyandgreatpeopleinvariouspartsoftheworld,”Schwabdeclared,(4)“Ihaveyettofindtheperson,howevergreatorexalted(尊贵的)hisstation,whodidnotdobetterworkandputforthgreatereffortunderaspiritofapprovalthanhewouldeverdounderaspiritofcriticism.”

【答案】【参考译文】

（1）有些权威人士宣称，人们会发疯的原因是为了在精神错乱的梦境中寻找在残酷的现实世界中得不到的那种被重视的感觉。

（2）如果有人极度渴望一种“被重视”的感觉，那么试想一下如果我们能及时给予他们这疯狂的一面以真诚的赞美，又会产生怎样的奇迹呢。

（3）如果他们不喜欢一件事，就会向下属大喊大叫；如果他们喜欢，就什么也不说。就像那句老话说的那样：“坏事传千里，好事不出门。”

（4）“我还没有找到一个人，无论他如何伟大，地位如何崇高，不是在被赞许的情形下，比在被批评的情形下，更能够成就伟大的事业。”

18.单选题

Therewassnoweverywhere,sothattheshapeofthingswasdifficultto（）.

问题1选项

A.identify

B.authorize

C.justify

D.rationalize

【答案】A

【解析】identify识别，认同；authorize授权给，许可，批准；justify替……辩护，证明合法；nationalize使合理化。句意：到处都是雪，所以东西的形状很难辨认。选项A符合句意。

19.单选题

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（）sightonTV.

问题1选项

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了，当在电视上看到这个悲惨的场景时，人们是难过的。

考查形容词辨析。panic恐慌的，惊慌失措的；patriotic爱国的;pathetic可怜的，令人同情的，悲惨的；periodic周期的，定期的。根据前半句句意“一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了”可知C正确。

20.单选题

Ourmanagerhad（）onthematterforalongtimebeforehemadethefinaldecision.

问题1选项

A.hushed

B.thrashed

C.pondered

D.suspended

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hushed“安静；（使）安静”；B选项thrashed“打，使逆行”；C选项pondered“仔细考虑，衡量”；D选项suspended“延缓，推迟”。句意：我们经理（）很长时间才做出最后决定。本句表示“仔细考虑了很久才决定”，因此C选项符合题意。

21.翻译题

对于多数人来讲，引起焦虑的主要原因是高昂的房价、教育的支出和医疗费用。人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。

【答案】Formostpeople,themaincausesofanxietyarethehighcostofhousing,educationandhealthcare.Peopleare