考研考博-英语-厦门理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientifichierarchy”wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.

Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparent.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother.

Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeither（a）theexactsciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtainsverifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.

Ifyouaskanyscientist,orindeedalmostanyeducatedperson,“Whatisscience?”Youarelikelytogetananswerapproximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,whenpeoplesay“science”theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:test-tubesbalances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthosewhotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,thattheyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheirownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.

Thisconfusionofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger,Impliedinthedemandformorescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedonesapproachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.Ascientistspoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,onmorals,onphilosophyperhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofalayman.Buta“scientist”,aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneoftheexactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymoreintelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewhodobelievethis.

Butisitreallytruethata“scientist”,inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelierthanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnotmuchreasonforthinkingso.Takeonesimpletest—theabilitytowithstandnationalism.Itisoftenlooselysaidthat“Scienceisinternational,”butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,madenoresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchonsuchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.

Ontheotherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieveexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimaginethatthenumberofGermanscientists—Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbytheregimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthanthis,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosity（巨大而丑陋的东西）of“racialscience”.

Butdoesthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthecontrary.Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,andprobablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,morebiology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.

Clearly,scientificeducationoughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itoughttomeanacquiringamethod—amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatonemeets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistofscientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,andsomehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexactsciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingattheworld,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheerprofessional,jealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1.Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinitionoftheword“science”（）.

2.Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferto（）.

3.Theauthor,contrastsGermansciencewithClurmanliteraturetosupportviewpointthat（）.

4.Anaveragepersonignorantofhistory,beingcomparedwithanilliteratefarmer,withhistoricalmemoriesistoshowthat（）.

5.Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas（）.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.ambivalent

C.questionable

D.inappropriate

问题2选项

A.physics

B.physiology

C.philosophy

D.psychology

问题3选项

A.Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B.writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C.scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D.Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

问题4选项

A.inscientificeducation,theteachingofhistoryshouldn’tbeneglected

B.historyisimportantforapersonwhowantstobeoutstanding

C.historyisthemostimportantsubjectinscientificeducation

D.inscientificeducation,morehistorycoursesshouldbeprovided

问题5选项

A.contrastingsciencewithliterature

B.explainingwhatscienceis

C.givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D.pointingoutpeoplesmisunderstandingofscience

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题目问的是“从第二段中可知，作者认为当下对‘科学’这个词的定义是怎样的？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“因为在当下‘科学’的含义至少有两种，但目前人们倾向于从一种含义转向另一种含义，整个科学教育问题模糊不清”(Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother)，因此选项A“模糊不清的，模棱两可的”符合题意。ambivalent“矛盾的”；questionable“可疑的，有问题的”；inappropriate“不适当的”。

第2题:2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当人们谈论科学时，他们没有涉及下列哪项？”文章第四段提到生物学家、天文学家，可能是心理学家或数学家，被描述为科学家，而没有人会想到用这个词来形容政治家、诗人、记者甚至哲学家（Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher），由此可知人们在谈论科学时，他们不是指哲学，因此选项C符合题意。Physics“物理学”；physiology“生理学”；psychology“心理学”。

第3题:3.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者将德国科学与克鲁曼文学进行对比，来支持下列哪个观点？”文章第六段第四句提到人们常泛泛地说“科学是国际性的”，但实际上所有国家的科学工作者都站在自己政府一边，比作家和艺术家们所感到的顾虑要少得多(Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational,"butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists)。然后将德国科学家与文学家对待纳粹党的态度进行对比，指出前者接受纳粹党，而后者则由于反对而受到迫害的居多，因此选项C“科学家比作家更倾向于支持他们的政府”符合题意。

第4题:4.推理判断题。题目问的是“一个对历史一无所知的普通人，与一个目不识丁的农民相比，用历史的记忆来说明什么？”文章倒数第二段提到对大众的科学教育如果只是注重在物理、化学、生物等方面的教育并没有好处，可能还会有危害。然后提到接受科学教育的一般人的政治反应可能比一个目不识丁的农民的反应要迟钝，因为后者还保留着一些历史记忆和相当健全的审美意识（It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense），由此可知作者是为了说明在科学教育中，历史教学不应该被忽略，选项A符合题意。

第5题:5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章可以最好地概括为……”。文章开篇由一封信引出科学这个概念，提到科学至少有两种定义，而当下用得比较多的定义是第一种，即精确的科学，比如化学、物理学等；接着提到科学家与文学家的区别，并且举了德国科学与文学之间的区别的例子，这些都是在围绕“科学是什么”这个主题进行的。因此选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

1.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat（）

2.Theword“bummer”(Line4.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething（）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

问题1选项

A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.

B.artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.

C.artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.

D.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.

问题2选项

A.unpleasant

B.religious

C.entertaining

D.commercial

问题3选项

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happypart

B.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

C.replacethechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

问题4选项

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyrefreshing.

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms.

问题5选项

A.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.

D.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是：作者以诗人华兹华斯和波德莱尔为例，意在说明什么？根据关键词“WordsworthandBaudelaire”定位到第二段最后一句Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.（但是在19世纪的某个时候，越来越多的艺术家开始认为幸福是平淡的、虚假的，或者更糟糕的是，令人厌烦的，这点可以从威廉•华兹华斯的《水仙花》到波德莱尔把鲜花描述为邪恶的转变之中看出。）本段前面的内容还提及“最早的艺术形式，如绘画和音乐，是最适合表达快乐的”，前后形成对比构成了转折关系，作者是想表达艺术家们改变了他们的关注点，过去的艺术形式是表达幸福和快乐，现在是虚假的幸福。所以选项C正确。

2.词义推断题。题目问的是：下面哪一个词与“bummer”意思相近？根据题干信息定位到第五段最后两句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（在西方的大众传媒和教育普及之前，最强大的传播媒介就是教堂，它提醒信徒，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们总有一天会成为蠕虫的食物。考虑到这一切，他们并不需要自己的艺术也成为一个失败者。）关键词在于“too”，由此可推测“bummer”的意思与上一句有关联，表示的是消极负面的意义，所以选项A与之意思最为接近。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者认为广告是怎样的？根据第六段的倒数第二句Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.（而且，由于这些信息都有一个目的——引诱我们打开钱包——它们使幸福的概念看起来并不可靠。）由此可知，B选项“制造幸福的幻觉，而不是幸福本身”正确。

4.判断推理题。题目问的是：我们可以从最后一段了解到，作者相信什么？根据本段的最后一句It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（这——指的是反幸福的艺术——是一个比丁香香烟更苦涩的信息，但不知怎的，却是一股新鲜空气。）由此可知，B选项与原文表述一致，所以正确。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是：下列哪一个选项是正确的？A选项：大众媒体倾向于报道灾难和死亡；B选项：艺术提供了期望和现实之间的平衡；C选项：人们对道德的现实感到失望；D选项：宗教曾起到提醒痛苦的作用。选项A、B、C在原文均没有信息提及，只有D选项在原文最后一段提及，所以选项D正确。

3.单选题

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

问题1选项

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“attention”，意为注意力，关心；B选项“heed”，意为“注意，听从”；C选项“grief”，意为“悲痛，忧伤”；D选项“tribute”意为“致敬，悼念”，句意：总统向灭火的消防队员致敬，称赞他们的勇敢拯救了无数生命。因此，D选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Usuallynewspapers（）forpeoplewithintellectualinterests.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.furnish

C.regard

D.cater

【答案】D

【解析】cater for为固定搭配,指迎合...,其他三个选择项都是及物动词,不能直接跟介词for。句意：人口稠密的地区是传染病的滋生地。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Thelong-termfortunesofthemoderneconomydependinpartonthestrengthandsustainabilityofthefamily,bothinrelationtofertilitytrendsandtomarriagetrends.Thisbasic,butoftenover-looked,principleisnowatworkinthecurrentglobaleconomiccrisis.

Thedeclineofmarriageandfertilityisonefactorintheglobaleconomiccrisis.Thatis,onereasonthatsomeoftheworld’sleadingeconomies—fromJapantoItalytoSpaintotheeurozoneasawhole——arefacingfiscalchallengesisthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades.Persistentsub-replacementfertilityeventuallytranslatesintofewerworkersrelativetoretirees,whichputstremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole.Indeed,onerecentstudyfindsthatalmosthalfoftherecentrun-upinpublicdebtintheWestcanbeattributedtorapidagingoverthelasttwodecades.

EvenChinamayseeitssky-highgrowthcomedowntoearthinthenextfewdecadesasitsworkforceshrinks”becauseofitsone-childpolicy,asCarlosGavalleandIarguedinarecentreport,TheSustainableDemographicDividend.Bycontrast,arecentRandstudysuggeststhatIndiawillhavemorefavorabledemographicsthanChina”overthenextfewdecades,insofarasitsworkforceispoisedtogrow.Infact,theRandstudysuggeststhatIndiamaybeabletousethisdemographicad-vantagetooutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratesbytheendofthecentury.

Finally,it’snotjustfertilitythatmatters;it’salsomarriage.AtleastintheWest,childrenaremorelikelytoacquirethehumanandsocialcapitaltheyneedtothriveinthemoderneconomywhentheyareraisedinanintact,marriedfamilyintheU.S.,forinstance,childrenaremorelikelytograduatefromhighschool,completecollegeandbegainfullyemployedasyoungadultsiftheywereraisedinanintact,marriedfamily.

Andaroundtheglobe,menaremorelikelytogivetheirworktheirfullesteffortandattentionwhentheyaremarried；thisisonereasonmenworldwideenjoy“marriagepremiums”intheirin-come,rangingfromabout14percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Rus-sia).So,atleastwhenitcomestomen，researchsuggeststhatmarriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity.

Thebottom-linemessageisthatwhathappensinthehomedoesnotstayathome;rather,thesizeoffamilies，andtheirstabilityandquality，hasimportantimplicationsforthehealthoftheglobale-conomy.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

2.Onereasonthattheworld’sleadingeconomiesarefacingfiscalchallengesisthat（）.

3.“...itsworkforceispoisedtogrow”(Para.3)probablymeans（）

4.Fromthepassageweknowthat（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingcanaffecteconomyEXCEPT（）

问题1选项

A.womenshouldbearmorechildreninordertoboosttheeconomy

B.bothmarriageandfertilityaffectacountry’seconomy

C.marriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity

D.IndiawilloutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratebytheendofthecentury

问题2选项

A.thereisaglobaleconomiccrisisinrecentyears

B.therearefewerbabies,andconsequently,peoplespendlessonmanycommodities

C.peopleinthesecountrieshavefewerchildrenthanneededtoreplacethepopulationformanyyears

D.therearetremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole

问题3选项

A.itsworkforcepausestogrow

B.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowfast

C.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowsteadily

D.itsworkforcegrowsslowly

问题4选项

A.childrenfromanintact,marriedfamilyaremorelikelytohaveabetterlife

B.themorepeopleacountryhas,thestrongereconomyitwillhave

C.thehealthoftheglobaleconomydependsentirelyonindividualfamilies

D.menarelikelytoworkharderwhentheyaregoingtohavechildren

问题5选项

A.thesizeoffamilies

B.thestabilityoffamilies

C.thequalityoffamilies

D.menandwomenratiowithinthefamilies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。本文开篇指出：现代经济发展取决于家庭力量和承受力，也与生育和婚姻趋势密切相关。因此，B项（婚姻和生育都会影响一个国家的经济）正确。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词“fiscalchallenges”定位至第二段：onereason...isthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades（一个重要原因在于生育率低于替代水平）。因此，C项（这些国家的人民多年来没有足够的子女来取代人口）正确。

3.语义题。根据题干定位至第三段。第三段指出：中国独生子女政策使人口增长放缓，而印度人口还在快速增长，因此，C项（劳动力持续稳定增长）正确。

4.细节题。第四段指出：当孩子们在一个完好无损的已婚家庭长大时，更有可能从高中毕业，完成大学学业，并作为年轻人获得丰厚的就业机会。因此推断,选项A（来自完好无损的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能过上更好的生活）正确。

5.细节题。最后一段指出，影响全球经济的其他因素还有家庭大小、稳定性和家庭关系和谐度，分别对应A、B、C选项，因此D项除外。

6.单选题

G.Barela,afamousfootballplay,was（

）toManchesterUnitedin2013byamillionpounds.

问题1选项

A.transmitted

B.transferred

C.transacted

D.transported

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transmit“传输，传播”；B选项transfer“转移（地方）；调动（工作）；使（运动员）转会或转队”；C选项transact“交易，谈判”；D选项transport“运输”。句意为：著名的足球运动员巴雷拉，2013年以一百万转会至曼切斯特联队旗下。故答案选B。

7.单选题

Asrecentlyaslatelastyear,（）reportscirculatingamongUSandotherinternationalofficialscitednumerousGreeksecurityflawsduringcounter-terrorismexercisesconductedlastAugust.

问题1选项

A.conspicuous

B.confidential

C.complimentary

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。conspicuous“显著的”；confidential“秘密的，机密的”；complimentary“称赞的，赠送的”；confident“自信的，确信的”。句意：在去年年底，在美国和其他国家官员传播的机密报告引用了希腊在去年8月份的反恐演习中出现了许多安全漏洞。选项B符合题意。

8.不定项选择题

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

问题1选项

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

问题2选项

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

问题3选项

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

问题4选项

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

问题5选项

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开，由此可知B选项“爵士音乐与其他形式的音乐最大的区别是什么”符合文章大意，A选项“哪位早期的爵士乐手对节奏和蓝调音乐影响最大”，并没有谈论很多乐手；C选项“为什么美国的舞蹈和音乐的联系那么密切”，文章没有谈及美国的舞蹈，只开始一句带过；D选项“什么乐器组成了19世纪20年代最典型的爵士乐队”，乐器方面也并未过多说明。因此B选项正确。

第2题:事实细节题。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的艺术家一样，爵士音乐家追求自己独特的风格，即兴创作或意译是爵士音乐家展示自己个性的主要机会。A选项“在表演时创造音乐的变化”与原文意思相同；B选项“准备音乐改编”，不是准备好的音乐，而是即兴的；C选项“有技巧的阅读音乐”并未提及；选项D“能够演奏所有类型的流行音乐”也不对。因此A选项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。结合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世纪初，一些爵士乐队也有独唱的特色。类似地，表演乐团和嘉年华乐队通常也会有一两个这样的“get-off”音乐家。”可知，“get-off”音乐家的功能是独唱。A选项“演出结束后，协助其他乐队成员收拾行装”并未涉及；B选项“教新音乐的舞蹈动作”，文中只提到独唱并没有说舞蹈动作；C选项“领导乐队”与原文不符；D选项“在乐队或管弦乐队中提供独奏表演”与原文提到的独唱特色相对应。因此D选项正确。

第4题:词义推测题。由unadorned这个词定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士乐都是热门的，许多早期的乐队演奏的是未经修饰的已出版的流行歌曲。”由此可知，unadorned的意思为“未经修饰的，朴素的”。A选项“可爱的”意思不同；B选项“平的，普通的，朴素的”与之意思一致；C选项“紊乱的”错误；D选项“便宜的”可排除。因此B选项符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。结合51题内容，文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开叙述，所以这篇文章的主题主要是通过分开表述爵士乐区分其他音乐的两个特点展开的。A选项“把讨论分成两个主要部分”符合题意；B选项“提出相反的观点”，原文没有提出其他相反观点，B错误；C选项“提供著名音乐家的传记”，文中没有涉及音乐人物传记；D选项“按顺序描述历史事件”文章并未叙述历史事件，可以排除。因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Notallpersonsarrestedand（）withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

问题1选项

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】sentenced判决，审判；accused指控，控告；persecuted迫害；charged指控，控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要职能是根据法律确定谁是有罪的。accused和charged都有指控的意思，但是accused不能与介词with搭配，而应与of搭配，所以选项D正确。

10.单选题

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex（

）periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

问题1选项

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。transition"过渡”；transaction“交易；事务”；transmission“传动装置，传送；transformation“转换；改革；变形”。句意：退休很明显是一个复杂的过渡期，你越早计划，越好。选项A符合题意。

11.填空题

A:Howlonghaveyouandyourteambeen（1）onthatfinalreport?

B:（2）aweekandahalfnow.Thedeadlineforsubmissionistomorrowat5o’clock.Ifwedon’tgetitdone（3）then,we’llreallybeinhotwater!Ihaven’tsleptawink（4）thedaybeforeyesterday.

A:No（5）youlooksotiredthen!IstherethatIcandotohelp?

B:Idon’tthinkso,butthanksforoffering.

A:Well,I（6）youluck!

【答案】working;For;by;since;wonder;anything;wish

【解析】句意:

——你和你的团队在完成最后那一篇报告上花了多久时间？

——到现在有一个半星期了。上交的截止日期是明天五点。如果我们在那时间

点还没完成的话，我们就会有麻烦了。从前天开始我就没合过眼了。

——难怪你看起来很疲惫。我可以帮你做点什么吗？

——我认为不用。但是谢谢你的好意。

——好，祝你好运！

1.固定搭配。workon致力于，继续工作，因为后面是finalreport，说明之前还做了其它工作，因此这里应该是取“继续工作”之意。

2.语义题。此处的aweekandahalf是一个时间段,因此用for。

3.语义题。此处表示“截至”那个时间点会有什么样的后果,因此填by。

4.固定搭配。nowonder难怪。

5.常用语。”IsthereanythingIcandotohelp?(有什么可以帮到你吗)”是常用的交际用语。

6.常用语。Iwishyouluck祝你好运。

12.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主谓一致。通过