考研考博-英语-吉林医药学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林医药学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

JosephWeizenbaum,professorofcomputerscienceatMIT,thinksthatthesenseofpoweroverthemachineultimatelycorruptsthecomputerhackerandmakeshimintoanotverydesirablesortofprogrammer.34.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon’tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.Theyrarelykeeprecordsoftheirprogramsforthebenefitofothers,andtheyrarelytaketimetounderstandwhyaproblemoccurred.

Computerscienceteacherssaytheycanusuallypickouttheprospectivehackersintheircoursesbecausethesestudentsmaketheirhomeworkassignmentsmorecomplexthantheyneedtobe.Ratherthanusingthesimplestandmostdirectmethod,theytakejoyinaddingextrastepsjusttoprovetheiringenuity.

Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.”

Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.If,asmanypsychiatristssay,playisreallythebasisforallhumanactivity,thenthehackergamesarereallythepreparationforfuturedevelopments.SherryTurkle,aprofessorofsociologyatMIT,hasforyearsbeenstudyingthewaycomputersfitintopeople’slives.Shepointsoutthatthecomputer,becauseitseemstoustobeso“intelligent”，so“capable”，so“human”，affectsthewaywethinkaboutourselvesandourideasaboutwhatweare.Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.

“Theyoungsterscanformasmanysubtlenuances（细微差距）andtexturedrelationshipswiththecomputersastheycanwithpeople.”Turklepointsout.

1.Thepassagetellsabout（）.

2.AccordingtoProf.Weizenbaum,whatledtothehackers’strangebehavioris（）.

3.InProf.Dertouzos’opinion,weknowthat（）.

4.Thephrase“todevelopanidentity”（Para.4）means（）.

5.Thepassagetriestoconveytoitsreaderstheideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.thestrangebehaviorofthecomputerhackers

B.theultimateimportanceofbringinglipcomputerhackers

C.differentopinionsconcerningthehackerphenomenon

D.theemergenceofcomputerhackers

问题2选项

A.theirstrongdesiretocontrolthecomputer

B.theirignoranceoftheresponsibilityofaprogrammer

C.theirincompetenceinmakingnewcomputerprograms

D.theirdeliberateattemptstomaketheirprogramscomplexandimpracticable

问题3选项

A.computerindustrywillcertainlymakemultimillionairesofthehackers

B.thehackersarelikelytobeverysuccessfulbusinessmen

C.thehackersprobablyhavebetterinsightintothefuturethanotherpeople

D.onlyafewhackerswillbesuccessfulintheirlaterlife

问题4选项

A.tobecomedistinguished

B.toseekananswer

C.tobuildupacreativeability

D.toformahabit

问题5选项

A.perhapsthehackerphenomenonisnotbadatall

B.thoughthehackersareinfactplayingwiththecomputer,theremaybesomebenefits

C.thecomputerhackersarethehopeofthecomputerindustryoftomorrow

D.thecomputerhackerscouldbeusefulifunderproperguidance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了不同人士（Joseph，电脑老师等）对黑客的看法，故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。由“Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.从这个角度来看，黑客现象也许并没有那么奇怪。可知该题答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。麻省理工学院教授迈克尔•德图佐斯表示:“在麻省理工学院，那个曾经不得不被人从椅子上拽下来的黑客，如今已成为计算机行业的千万富翁。”两位前黑客成为了非常成功的苹果家用电脑公司的创始人。”可知这些黑客都成为了计算机行业的顶级成功人士，他们都是想控制电脑。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome.但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。”可知C项“这些黑客可能对于未来比其他人有更好的洞察力”正确。

4.词义题。由第四段“Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.她说，电脑和电脑玩具已经在孩子们努力发展特性的过程中发挥了重要作用，因为它们可以让孩子们测试关于什么是有生命的想法。故todevelopanidentity是指孩子通过寻找答案来发展自己的特性。故B项正确。

5.推理判断题。作者在本文提到了黑客有着与普通人不一样的洞察力，他们会把程序编得很复杂，目的只是为了控制电脑。并且文中提到了不少黑客已经成为计算机行业的顶级成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客与大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描绘的黑客形象并没有那么恶劣。故A项正确。

2.单选题

Thecourtconsidersa,financial（）tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

问题1选项

A.option

B.duty

C.obligation

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】option选择;duty责任,任务,值日；obligation义务;penalty责罚。句意：法院认为对他最适合的惩罚方式是经济惩处。因此,本题选D。

3.不定项选择题

Desertificationisthedegradationofonce-productivelandintounproductiveorpoorlyproductiveland.Sincethefirstgreaturban-agriculturalcentersinMesopotamianearly6,000yearsago,humanactivityhashadadestructiveimpactonsoilquality,leadingtogradualdesertificationinvirtuallyeveryareaoftheworld.

Itisacommonmisconceptionthatdesertificationiscausedbydroughts.Althoughdroughtdoesmakelandmorevulnerable,well-managedlandcansurvivedroughtsandrecover,eveninaridregions.Anothermistakenbeliefisthattheprocessoccursonlyalongtheedgesofdeserts.Infact,itmaytakeplaceinanyaridorsemiaridregion,especiallywherepoorlandmanagementispracticed.Mostvulnerable,however,arethetransitionalzonesbetweendesertsandarableland;whereverhumanactivityleadstolandabuseinfragilemarginalareas,soildestructionisinevitable.

[A]Agricultureandovergrazingarethetwomajorsourcesofdesertification.[B]Large-scalefarmingrequiresextensiveirrigation,whichultimatelydestroyslandbydepletingitsnutrientsandleachingmineralsintothetopsoil.[C]Grazingisespeciallydestructivetolandbecause,inadditiontodepletingcovervegetation,herdsofgrazingmammalsalsotramplethefineorganicparticlesofthetopsoil,leadingtosoilcompactionanderosion.[D]Ittakesabout500yearsfortheearthtobuildup3centimetersoftopsoil.However,cattleranchingandagriculturecandepleteasmuchas2to3centimetersoftopsoilevery25years—60to80timesfasterthanitcanbereplacedbynature.

Salinationisatypeoflanddegradationthatinvolvesanincreaseinthesaltcontentofthesoil.Thisusuallyoccursasaresultofimproperirrigationpractices.ThegreatMesopotamianempires—Sumer,AkkadandBabylon—werebuiltonthesurplusoftheenormouslyproductivesoiloftheancientTigris-Euphratesalluvialplain.Afternearlyathousandyearsofintensivecultivation,landqualitywasinevidentdecline.Inresponse,around2800BCtheSumeriansbegandiggingthehugeTigris-Euphratescanalsystemtoirrigatetheexhaustedsoil.Atemporarygainincropyieldwasachievedinthisway,butover-irrigationwastohaveseriousandunforeseenconsequences.Fromasearlyas2400BCwefindSumeriandocumentsreferringtosalinizationasasoilproblemisbelievedthatthefalloftheAkkadianEmpirearound2150BCmayhavebeenduetoacatastrophicfailureinlandproductivity;thesoilwasliterallyturnedintosalt.Eventoday,fourthousandyearslater,vasttractsofsalinizedlandbetweentheTigrisandEuphratesriversstillresemblerock-hardfieldsofsnow.

Soilerosionisanotherformofdesertification.Itisaself-reinforcingprocess;oncethecycleofdegradationbegins,conditionsaresetforcontinualdeterioration.Asthevegetativecoverbeginstodisappear,soilbecomesmorevulnerabletoraindropimpact.Waterrunsoffinsteadofsoakingintoprovidemoistureforplants.Thisfurtherdiminishesplantcoverbyleachingawaynutrientsfromthesoil.Assoilqualitydeclinesandrunoffisincreased,floodsbecomemorefrequentandmoresevere.Floodingwashesawaytopsoil,thethin,rich,uppermostlayeroftheearth’ssoil,andleavesfinerunderlyingparticlesmorevulnerabletowinderosion.Topsoilcontainstheearth'sgreatestconcentrationoforganicmatterandmicroorganisms,andiswheremostoftheearth'sland-basedbiologicalactivityoccurs.Withoutthisfragilecoatofnutrient-ladenmaterial,plantlifecannotexist.AnextremecaseofitserosionisfoundintheSahel,atransitionalzonebetweentheSaharaDesertandthetropicalAfricanrainforests;hometosome56millionpeople.Overpopulationandovergrazinghaveopenedthehyper-aridlandtowinderosion,whichisstrippingawaytheprotectivemarginoftheSahel,andcausingthedeserttogrowatanalarmingrate.Between1950and1975,theSaharaDesertspread100kilometerssouthwardthroughtheSahel.

One-thirdoftheearth’slandareaof150millionsquarekilometersisalreadyclassifiedassemiarid,aridorhyper-arid.Itisestimatedthatisincreasingby215,000squarekilometersoflandrenderedunproductivebydesertificationeveryyear.InAmerica,salinizationaffectsover160,000squarekilometersoflandinwesternandmid-westernstates,andisworseningannually.Africaloses300to400milliontonsoftopsoilayearwiththespreadingofthedesert.Asabillionpeopleareaddedtotheworld’spopulationeverydecade,thereislessandlessarablelandtoprovidefoodforthem.Atthepresentrateofsoildeterioration,ecologistwarn,anotherquarteroftheearth’sproductivesoilwilldisappearwithinthenextcentury.

14.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutdesertification?

15.Theworddegradationinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

16.Accordingtothepassage,manypeople’sunderstandingofdesertificationisincorrectbecause（）.

17.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

18.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturefurthersdesertificationthroughwhichofthefollowingactivities?

19.Paragraph4ofthepassageservesmainlytodowhichofthefollowing?

20.Thewordleachinginthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

21.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph6ofthepassagethat（）.

22.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Eachfurtherstheprocessdramatically,buttheyactinquitedifferentways.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

问题1选项

A.Itisafairlyrecentproblem.

B.Ancientsocietiesmanagedtheproblemwell.

C.Ithasahistoryaslongasthatofcivilization.

D.Itwasjustasseriousinthepastasitistoday.

问题2选项

A.rejuvenation

B.deterioration

C.consumption

D.contribution

问题3选项

A.theydonotthinkofitasaseriousproblem

B.theydonotseeitasbeingcausedbyhumanactivity

C.theythinkofitasaveryslowprocess

D.theyseeitasbeingreversible

问题4选项

A.Itistheareasthatexistbetweenthedesertsandthelandthatisusableforagriculturethataremostatriskbecausetheyaresusceptibletopoorlandmanagementmethodsfromhumanactivitywhichwillalwaysresultinthelossofsoil.

B.Mostofthevulnerableareasareintransitionfromdeserttoarableland;aprocessthatbecauseofhumanactivityandthedelicatenatureoftheseareas,alwaysleadstosoilloss.

C.Soillossinthetransitionalzonesisespeciallyseverewherehumanactivityisdamagingtheenvironmentthroughagriculturewhichiscausingthelossofsoil.

D.Humanactivityinthetransitionareasisvulnerablebecauseofthefragilenatureoftheseareasthatareneitherdesertnotarablelandbecausetheyhavesuffereddamagetothesoil.

问题5选项

A.Overfertilization.

B.Thestrippingawayofnativevegetation.

C.Irrigation.

D.Therepetitiveplantingofthesamecrops.

问题6选项

A.Proposeamethodfordealingwiththedesertificationproblem.

B.Showtheprogressofdesertificationdownthroughhistory.

C.Describethemaincauseofdesertificationinoneparticulararea.

D.Describeoneprocessthatleadstodesertification.

问题7选项

A.washing

B.depositing

C.concentrating

D.dispersing

问题8选项

A.newtechnologywillsolvetheproblemofdesertification

B.findingawaytostopdesertificationwillbecomeincreasinglyurgent

C.desertificationismoreofaproblemindevelopedcountries

D.desertificationiscausingstarvationinAfrica.

问题9选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:B

【解析】14.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Sincethefirstgreaturban-agriculturalcentersinMesopotamianearly6,000yearsago,humanactivityhashadadestructiveimpactonsoilquality,leadingtogradualdesertificationinvirtuallyeveryareaoftheworld.（自从近6000年前美索不达米亚出现了第一个伟大的城市——农业中心以来，人类活动对土壤质量产生了破坏性的影响，导致世界上几乎所有地区逐渐沙漠化。），说明沙漠化现象早在数千年前就已经存在。因此C选项“它的历史与文明的历史一样长”正确。A选项“它是一个相当新的问题”，由原文可知，沙漠化是一个很古老的问题，所以A错误。B选项“古代社会对这个问题处理得很好”，原文没有提到古代社会对沙漠化的处理情况，所以B错误。D选项“它在过去和今天一样严重”，原文没有将当时问题的严重性和今天的状况相比较，所以D错误。

15.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“degradation”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Salinationisatypeoflanddegradationthatinvolvesanincreaseinthesaltcontentofthesoil.（盐碱化是土地退化的一种类型，涉及到土壤盐分含量的增加。），说明“degradation”在文中指的是“退化，下降”的意思。因此B选项“恶化”正确。A选项“恢复活力”，C选项“消耗”，D选项“贡献”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。

16.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Itisacommonmisconceptionthatdesertificationiscausedbydroughts.（认为沙漠化是干旱造成的是一种普遍的误解。），说明沙漠化现象是因为干旱造成的是一种错误观念，其实是和人类的活动有关的。因此B选项“他们不认为它是由人类活动引起的”正确。A选项“他们不认为它是一个严重的问题”。C选项“他们认为它是一个非常缓慢的过程”，D选项“他们认为它是可逆的”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Mostvulnerable,however,arethetransitionalzonesbetweendesertsandarableland;whereverhumanactivityleadstolandabuseinfragilemarginalareas,soildestructionisinevitable.（然而，最脆弱的是沙漠和耕地之间的过渡地带；凡人类活动导致脆弱边缘地区土地滥用的地方，土壤破坏是不可避免的。），说明最容易受害的就是位于沙漠和已开垦耕地之间的过渡地区，只要人类活动在这些脆弱的边缘区域，过度滥用土地，那么土壤的破坏在所难免。因此A选项“存在于沙漠和可用于农业的土地之间的地区才是风险最大的，因为它们很容易受到人类活动的不良土地管理方法的影响，而这种影响总是会导致土壤的流失。”正确。B选项“大多数脆弱地区正从沙漠向耕地过渡；由于人类活动和这些地区的脆弱性，这一过程总是导致土壤流失。”，原文说的不是沙漠向耕地过渡的过程，所以B错误。C选项“过渡区的土壤流失尤为严重，人类活动正在通过农业破坏环境，导致土壤流失。”，原文没有提到农业活动，所以C错误。D选项“由于这些地区的脆弱性，它们既不是沙漠也不是耕地，因为它们已经破坏了土壤，因此人类在过渡地区的活动是脆弱的。”，原文说的不是人类活动很脆弱，所以D错误。

18.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Large-scalefarmingrequiresextensiveirrigation,whichultimatelydestroyslandbydepletingitsnutrientsandleachingmineralsintothetopsoil.（大规模的农业需要大量的灌溉，这最终会耗尽土地的养分，并使矿物质渗入表层土壤，从而破坏土地。），说明灌溉会对土地造成不好的影响，加剧沙漠化。因此C选项“灌溉”正确。A选项“过度施肥”，B选项“剥去本地植被”，D选项“重复种植相同的农作物”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。

19.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段，第四段主要说明土壤盐碱化现象，但是并非针对某一特定区域。而盐碱化现象也是造成沙漠化的原因。因此D选项“描述导致沙漠化的一个过程”正确。A选项“提出处理沙漠化问题的方法”，B选项“展示历史上沙漠化的进展”，C选项“描述一个特定地区的沙漠化的主要原因”均不符合原文内容，所以A，B，C错误。

20.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“leaching”可以定位到文章第五段第五句Thisfurtherdiminishesplantcoverbyleachingawaynutrientsfromthesoil.（这进一步减少了植物覆盖，因为土壤中的养分流失了。），说明“leaching”在文中指的是“养分流失”的意思。因此A选项“洗涤”正确。B选项“沉积”，C选项“浓缩”，D选项“分散”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

21.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段，第六段强凋了沙漠化现象已经发展到何种程度，以及目前继续恶化的速度，还预言了如果按照这样的情况发展下去将会带来的结果。说明必须尽快找出解决问题的方法，否则后果将不堪设想。因此B选项“找到阻止沙漠化的方法将变得越来越紧迫”正确。A选项“新技术将解决沙漠化的问题”，C选项“沙漠化在发达国家是一个更大的问题”，D选项“沙漠化在非洲造成了饥荒”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

22.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子Eachfurtherstheprocessdramatically,buttheyactinquitedifferentways.（每个都极大地促进了这一进程，但它们的影响方式却截然不同。）是对造成沙漠化现象的两种过程做出进一步的诠释，B处前文说农业和过度放牧是沙漠化的两个主要来源，后文分别介绍了这两种方式对沙漠化的影响。因此该句放在B处最合适。

4.单选题

“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers”,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii’slastreigningmonarch,in1897.Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersof

Hawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity’sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMaunaKea,dormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepikothatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland’sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindtowhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii’sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeituseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

1.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates,（

）.

2.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto（

）.

3.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof（

）.

问题1选项

A.theconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

B.theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

C.theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

D.herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.

问题2选项

A.itsgeographicalfeatures

B.itsprotectivesurroundings

C.itsreligiousimplications

D.itsexistinginfrastructure

问题3选项

A.itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife

B.itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

C.theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival

D.theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea

问题4选项

A.isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

B.helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld

C.mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture

D.willeventuallysoftenHawaiian’shostility.

问题5选项

A.severecriticism

B.passiveacceptance

C.slighthesitancy

D.fullapproval

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersof

Hawaiiansociety提到观星人曾是夏威夷社会中最受人尊敬的群体，由此可以推测出当时天文学在夏威夷的重要性，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段提到了莫纳克亚山的优越位置使得它成为理想的天文观测点（RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity）。选项A符合题意。

3.文章第三段AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation提到少数夏威夷人和环保主义者把那些天文望远镜看作是对那边神圣土地的亵渎，并且会让他们想到这个曾经的主权国家被占领的惨痛经历，所以选项B“让人想起一段羞辱的历史”符合题意。

4.文章第五段therealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing提到天文学和夏威夷文化都在试图回答我们是谁，我们从何处来，去往何处这些重大的问题，由此可以推断现在的天文学和夏威夷文化一样都揭示了相关的起源问题。选项C符合题意。

5.文章最后一段TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact提到TMT的选址将最大程度缩小天文望远镜在岛上的可见度，来避免对考古及环境产生的影响，由此可推测作者对此是全力支持的，选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Imusttakethiswatchtoberepaired:it（）overtwentyminutesaday.

问题1选项

A.increases

B.progresses

C.accelerates

D.gains

【答案】D

【解析】increases增加,增大；progresses进展,进步；accelerates加速,促进；gains获得,增加,在这里指钟表走得太快,相当于movetoofast。句意：我必须把这块表拿去修理,它每天要多走二十多分钟。

6.案例题

Apowerfulpersonalgrowthtoolisthe30-daytrial.ThisisaconceptIborrowedfromthesharewareindustry,whereyoucan（1）atrialversionofapieceofsoftwareandtryitoutrisk-freefor30daysbeforeyou'rerequiredtobuythe（2）version.It'salsoagreatwaytodevelopnew（3）,andbestofall,it'sbrain-deadsimple.Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabitlikeanexerciseprogramor（4）abadhabitlikesuckingoncancersticks.Weallknowthatgetting（5）andstickingwiththenewhabitforafewweeksisthehardpart.Onceyou'veovercomeinertia,it'smucheasiertokeepgoing.Yetweoftenpsycheourselvesoutofgettingstartedby（6）thinkingaboutthechangeassomething（7）beforewe'veevenbegun.Itseemstoooverwhelmingtothinkaboutmakingabigchangeand（8）withiteverydayfortherestofyourlifewhenyou'restillhabituatedtodoingthe（9）.Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,themoreyou（10）whereyouare.Butwhatifyouthoughtaboutmakingthechangeonly（11）sayfor30days—andthenyou'refreetogobacktoyouroldhabits?Thatdoesn'tseemsohardanymore.Exercisedailyforjust30days,thenquit,maintaina（12）organizeddeskfor30days,thenslackoff.Readforanhouradayfor30days,thengobacktowatchingTV.

Couldyoudoit?Itstill（13）abitofdisciplineandcommitment,butnotnearlysomuchasmakingapermanentchange.Any（14）deprivationisonlytemporary.Youcan（15）downthedaystofreedom.Andforatleast30days,you'llgainsomebenefit.It,'snotsobaD.Youcanhandleit.It'sonlyonemonthoutofyourlife.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

Temporary

download

commitment

neatly

require

mentally

count

opposite

stay

discipline

permanent

habit

overcome

stick

adopt

full

free

perceive

quit

start

【答案】1.download

2.full

3.habits

4.quit

5.started

6.mentally

7.permanent

8.sticking

9.opposite

10.stay

11.commitment

12.neatly

13.requires

14.perceived

15.count

【解析】1.根据句意,下载某种软件,用downloadsoftware。

2.fullversion指完整版。句意：下载某个软件的免费试用版使用30天后,你会被要求购买完整版。

3.从下文的"Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabit."可推测,填空处也应该填入habit,且为复数。

4.quitabadhabit指改正某个坏习惯。

5.根据句意：我们都知道,开始并坚持几个星期的新习惯是困难的。先开始才能坚持。

6.根据句子结构可知这里应该用副词修饰thinking,根据上文的psych推断mentally正确。

7.根据下文"Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,..."可知此处也应填入permanent。

8.stickwith坚持,文中多次出现。

9.dotheopposite为固定用法,意为背道而驰。

10.根据句意：你越认为这种改变是永久性的,你就会在原地待得越久。这里指保持现状。

11.make…commitment为固定搭配,意为"做出……的承诺"。

12.maintainaneatlyorganizeddesk保持课桌的干净整洁。

13.根据句意：尽管它依然完成了一些纪律和承诺,但远没有达到永久改变的程度。

14.句意：任何感知到的剥夺都只是暂时的。

15.countdown为固定搭配,意为"倒数"。

7.单选题

Peoplearefascinatedtoseethatthemagicianmadeabigandtalldeer（）inaflash.

问题1选项

A.fade

B.shout

C.yield

D.vanish

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。A选项fade“消失”，侧重逐渐消失。例句：Somesaidthat,oncethisnoveltyhadwornoff,cinemawouldfadeaway.（有人说，一旦这种新鲜感消失，电影院就会消失。）；B选项shout“呼喊；大声说”；C选项yield“屈服，放弃”；D选项vanish“使不见，使消失”，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。例句：Hevanishedwithouttrace.（他消失得无影无踪。）。句意：看到魔术师使一只又大又高的鹿瞬间消失，人们都被迷住了。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

8.单选题

Whenthemembersofthecommitteeareatodds,（）ofofferingtheirresignations,problemsbecomeindissoluble.

问题1选项

A.andalsowhentheyareintheprocess

B.whentheyareintheprocess

C.theyareintheprocess

D.andwhenthemembersofthecommitteeareintheprocess

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词以及从句。由题干我们可以判断出，Whenthemembersofthecommitteeareatodds是时间状语从句，problemsbecomeindissoluble之前没有连词，也没有引导词，并且是个完整的句子，则为整个题干的主句。在没有连词的情况下一个句子只能有一个主语，所以排除C选项；并列两个相同成分的从句最好用and连接，排除B选项；themembersofthecommittee前文出现过，为了避免重复，会使用代词，排除D，因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Somemineralsarequitecommon,othersareregionally（

）,andstillothersarerareontheearth.

问题1选项

A.attributed

B.distributed

C.contributed

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attribute“认为······是；把······归于”；distribute“分配，散发”；contribute“贡献”；scatter“分散，散开”。句意：有些矿藏很常见，有些则是区域性分布，还有些是地球上罕见的。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Theresidents,（）hadbeendamagedbytheflood,gothelpfromtheRedCross.

问题1选项

A.allofwhosehomesC.alltheirhomes

B.C.alltheirhomesB.

C.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehomes

D.alloftheirhomes

【答案】A

【解析】从句中表示物的所有格时用ofwhich,并且可与whose

互换。所以首先排除选项C和D。选项B表错误，所以本题选A。句意：所有房屋都被洪水毁坏的居民都得到了红十字会的帮助。

11.单选题

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

问题1选项

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词和形容词辨析。A选项revenge“报复；替……报仇”；B选项reserve“储备；自然保护区；预备队；储备金”；C选项reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D选项remedial“治疗的；补救的；矫正的”。句意：据说他是被敌对帮派射杀，为上周的枪击案复仇。由关键词“shooting枪击”可推知“报复”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

TomandRachelLeihbachei’sfriendshavealwaysbeeninstrumentalintheirlives.

问题1选项

A.approachable

B.thoughtful

C.functional

D.helpful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。instrumental表示“乐器的，有帮助的，仪器的”；A项approachable“亲切友善的，易理解的，可接近的”，B项thoughtful“深思的，体贴的，关切的”，C项functional“功能的”，D项helpful“有帮助的，有益的”。句意：汤姆和雷切尔雷巴赫的朋友在他们的生活中一直很有帮助。根据句意可知，instrumental在句中表示“有帮助的”，D项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择D项正确。

13.不定项选择题

Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonal