考研考博-英语-吉林工程职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林工程职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Amost（

）argumentaboutwhoshouldgoandfetchthebreadfromthekitchenwas

goingonwhenIcamein.

问题1选项

A.trivial

B.delicate

C.minor

D.miniature

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。trivial“不重要的，琐碎的”；delicate“微妙的，精美的”；minor“次要的，较小的”；miniature“微型的，小规模的”。句意：当我进来的时候，一场极琐碎的就谁应该去鸡的面前捡回面包的争吵正在进行。选项A符合题意。

2.翻译题

41.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(15’)

USbusinessesrespondedwithalarmtoPresidentDonaldTrump’sannouncementofwide-rangingtariffsonimportsfromChina,warningthattheywouldraisecostsforAmericanconsumersandriskedprovokingadamagingtradewar.Businessgroupsfromarangeofindustriesexpressedacommonview:theysharedMr.Trump’sconcernsaboutintellectualpropertyviolationsandunfairtradingpracticesbyChinabutthoughthisdecisiontousetariffstoaddresstheproblemwouldbecounter-productive.OneofthestrongestresponsestotheplanscamefromtheNationalRetailFederation,whichsaidthetariffswould“punishordinaryAmericansforChina’sviolations”.

【答案】【参考译文】

美国总统唐纳德.特朗普(DonaldTrump)宣布对中国进口产品广泛征收关税后，美国企业纷纷表示震惊，他们警告，关税将提高美国消费者成本，并有引发破坏性的贸易战的风险。来自不同行业的商界组织表达了共同的看法：他们认同特朗普对中国侵犯知识产权和不公平交易行为的担忧，但认为使用关税解决问题的决定可能适得其反。美国零售联合会(NationalRetailFederation)是对关税计划作出最强烈回应的机构之一。该机构指出，征收关税将“让普通美国人因中国的违规行为而受到惩罚”。

3.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhatcouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.dilemma

B.paradox

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dilemma“困境；进退两难”；paradox“悖论”；junction“连接”；premise“前提，假定”。根据betweendoingwhattheyfelt…andwhatcouldstand…可知家长是在这两种做法为难，因此选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Lastnighthesawtwodark______enterthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

问题1选项

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.features特征B.figures（代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字；人物；（隐约可见的）人影

C.sketches素描；速写D.images形象；印象

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句“然后就发生了爆炸”可推知，大楼爆炸是人为的，所以dark______表示“黑色的人影”，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】昨晚他看到两个黑影进入大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。

5.单选题

1.Flattery,RichardStengelwritesbywayofdefininghisterms,“isstrategicpraise,praisewithapurpose.Itmaybeinflatedorexaggeratedoritmaybeaccurateandtruthful,butitispraisethatseekssomeresult,whetheritbeincreasedlikingoranofficewithawindowFlatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.ItisabribewewanttopocketFlatteryatitscoreislanguagethatadvancesself-interestwhileconcealingitatthesametime.”

2.Allofwhichisperfectlytrue,butitneedstobequalified(asintimeStengeldoes)inoneimportantway:Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis.Ifitistrue,asprobablyitis,thatmostofusaresusceptibletoflatteryandwillingtoemployitinourowninterests,itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.Inmylineofwork,forexample,whenIseeinapublisher’scataloguethatawriterwithwhomIamacquaintedhasanewbookforthcoming,Icanpredictalmosttothedaytheletterorcallfromsaidauthorinwhich,inonefashionoranother,myownperspicacityandstylisticelegancewillbepraisedfulsomely,accompanied,perhaps,byaninvitationtolunch.Similarly,aletterore-mailfromsomeonewhollyunknowntomewillbeginwithpraiseformylatestbookrevieworcolumn,followed,apace,withthenewsthatthewriteroftheletter―orarelative,orafriend,oracolleague―isabouttocomeforthwith...abook.

3.Itisthewayoftheworld.Thoughinmycaseflatteryinfrequentlyproducesthedesiredresults——quitetothecontrary,ifthetruthbeknown——Icannotclaimthatthesilkenwordswhisperedinmyeargounheeded.StengelquotesLordChesterfield:“Thisprincipleofvanityandprideissostronginhumannature,thatisdescendseventothelowestobjects;andoneoftenseespeopleanglingforpraise.”Thoughwewouldpreferpraisethatisofferedwithoutulteriormotives,thatisheartfeltandgenerous,wereadilysettleformereflattery;wemaynotdeliverthequidproquosotransparentlysoughtbeneaththeoleaginouswords—wemayevenholdtheflattererincontempt—yetwearenotimpervioustothestrokingheorsheadministers;indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.

4.“Todescribesomeoneasasocialclimberoraself-promoterisgenerallynotconsideredacompliment.Thosetwolabelsseemlikeparticularlymodernputdowns(andinthecultureofcelebritytheyhavebecomefull-timeoccupations).ButIwouldmakethecasethattheyaresimplyneutraltermsforfundamentalhumanbehavior,Infact,I’dcontendthatbasedontheprinciplesofevolutionarybiology,social-climbingandself-promotion.Theyareinourgenes.”

5.Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays,“isaformofcooperation,andcooperationisthesuccessfulevolutionaryprincipleofreciprocalaltruism.”AsSamRayburnusedtosay,duringhislongandproductivetenureasspeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,“Ifyouwanttogetalong,goalong.”Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera,”yetitisthegreasethatoilsthewheelsofpoliticsandoftenenablesthegovernmentanditssatellitestoaccomplishworthwhilethings.ThespectaclethatmembersoftheSenatepresentwhentheyfawnovereachotheras“honorable”and“distinguished”ishardlyaprettyone,yetitisnotwithoutpurpose.

6.InAmericanlife,flatteringinfluentialindividualsisanessentialpartofthemachineryofsocietyandbusiness.InaperceptivechaptercalledHowDaleCarnegieWonFriendsandInfluencedPeople,Stengelshowshow“thesimplestdevicesofpayingattention,offeringappreciationandthegivingofsmallflatteries”havebecomesoengrainedthatitishardtoimaginefunctioningwithoutthem.Therulesofflattery—oritshandmaiden,ingratiation—areclear:“avoidcomplimentingthetarget...inawaythatmakesitclearyouwantareward;makesurethecomplimentisplausible;praiseanattributeaboutwhichthetargetisuncertain;anddon’tleavetheimpressionthatyouareapromiscuouspraise.”Doallofthatandyoutoocansucceedinbusiness—oranythingelse—withoutreallytrying?

7.Allofwhichshould,makeclear—especiallytoyou,gentleandquick-wittedreader—thatStengelhaswrittennotmerelyapopularhistoryofflatterybutalsoaguidetoitsemployment.Hedoesthelatterwithtongueslightlyincheek—attimestothepointthathisprosebecomesexcessivelychattyandbreezy—yetthetruthisthathiscounsel,andthatofthemanyotherswhomhequotes,probablycanbeusedtogoodpurpose.Ifyoumustflatter-andtherearetimeswhenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

1.whenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

2.AccordingtoRichardStengel,allofthefollowingaretrueofflatteryEXCEPT（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermakesthepointthat

（

）.

4.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat

（

）.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecourtsofRenaissanceEurope(Para.5)?Thewriter'sattitudetowardRichardStengel'sviewsregardingflatterycanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.itcanstretchthetruth

B.ithasapurpose

C.itisanunsuccessfulbribe

D.itcanbeexpressedsubtly

问题2选项

A.flatterersoftenachievetheirobjectives

B.flatteryisoftenblatant

C.thewriterisoftenflattered

D.weareoftentemptedbyflattery

问题3选项

A.flatteryseldomproducesthedesiredresults

B.humansarevainandproud

C.it'sonlyhumantoenjoyflattery

D.wefindflatteryobjectionable

问题4选项

A.Theywereverysimilartoourmodernera.

B.Theybannedflattery.

C.Theyencouragedflattery.

D.Theywerenotpopularwiththegeneralrepublic.

问题5选项

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.doubtful

D.critical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.（阿谀奉承也是一种贿赂，一种我们可以接受的情感馈赠，常常会用回报给赠予者他想要的东西）可知阿谀奉承是一种成功的贿赂，因此选C。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis...itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.（阿谀奉承几乎总是可以确切地认出它是什么……同样的事实是，奉承不那么微妙，常常是明目张胆的）可知选B。A选项为第一段的内容；C选项只是作者用自己的经历举例说明，阿谀奉承很显而易见；D选项在第二段中没有出现，因此选B。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Itisthewayoftheworld...indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.（阿谀奉承是人之常情……事实上，即使我们假装嘲笑它，我们也可以尽情享受它）可知C选项“喜欢听阿谀奉承的话是人类的天性”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera”（阿谀奉承在这座城市里到处都有，正如Stengel正确的指出“在某些方面更接近文艺复兴时期的欧洲，而不是我们的现代时代”）可推测阿谀奉承在文艺复兴时期的欧洲宫廷也十分流行，因此选C。

5.观点态度题。由文章第二段中的Allofwhichisperfectlytrue（所有这些都是完全正确的）和第五段中的Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays（阿谀奉承，他说得很对）与whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout（正如Stengel正确的指出）可知作者对RichardStengel的观点都是用的正面肯定的词，故可知作者是赞成RichardStengel的观点的，因此选B。

6.翻译题

1.经济活动对环境有着潜在的影响，人们对此已经有了一定的认识。

2.要让我们的国产品牌为世界更多的消费者认可，广告创作就必须使用国际通用的语言。

3.有一种理论，把对目的语的敏感性视作语言学习中最重要的因素之一。

4.为了帮助学生学习语言，图书馆已经决定将英语原版电影出租给他们。

5.心理学家们已经做了无数次试验表明，在改进人的行为方面，表扬比批评有效得多。

【答案】1.Thepotentialimpactofeconomicactivityontheenvironmenthasbeenwellunderstood.

2.Inorderforourdomesticbrandstoberecognizedbymoreconsumersintheworld,thecreationofadvertisementsmustusetheinternationallyusedlanguage.

3.Onetheoryholdsthatsensitivitytothetargetlanguageisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinlanguagelearning.

4.Tohelpstudentslearnlanguage,thelibraryhasdecidedtorentoutoriginalEnglishmoviestothem.

5.Psychologistshaveconductednumerousexperiments,showingthatpraiseisfarmoreeffectivethancriticismatimprovingpeople’sbehavior.

7.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主谓一致。通过分析句子，可知句子缺少的是谓语动词，主语是thegrowth，谓语动词应该用单数，选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

The（

）ofmedicalknowledgeisbeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson

问题1选项

A.potential

B.multitude

C.frontier

D.leap

【答案】C

【解析】句意:随着时间的推移,医学知识的前沿正在向前推进。只有选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

Unlikethehyena,（

）related,theaardwolfhasweakteethandjaws.

问题1选项

A.whichisit

B.whichitisto

C.whichisit

D.towhichitis

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格为非限制性定语从句，先行词为hyena，因为固定搭配relateto，所以which为关系代词，代替hyena在定语从句中充当to的宾语，介词to可以放到定语从句的末尾，也可以提到which的前面。句意：与自己有血缘联系的鬣狗不一样，土狼的牙齿和咽喉都比较虚弱。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Lastyear,whenPresidentGeorgeW.Bushannouncedthatfederalfundscouldbeusedtosupportresearchonhumanembryonicstemcells,hemandatedthatonlythosecelllinesthatexistedatthetimewouldqualifyforsuchsupport.Morethanayearlater,it’sbecomingincreasinglyclearthattheseexistingcelllinesareinadequate.Unlessmorearecreated,theresearchslowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering.

Sincethisannouncement,theUSNationalInstitutesofHealthhastriedtostimulateresearchontheexistingcelllineswithnewfundingandeffortstostreamlinetheinitiallycumbersomeprocessofobtainingapprovedcells.However,whetherthereare60celllines,asoriginallystated,ornine,asnowappeartobeavailabletoNIH-fundedinvestigators,thenumberisnotadequate.Giventhegeneticdiversitywithinthepopulation,scientistsneedaccesstonewcelllinesiftheyaretocomeupwiththemosteffectivecelltherapies.

Theissueispartlyoneofsafety.Inconductingresearchwithhumanparticipants,wemustminimizerisks.Themosteffectivecelllinemightnotbethesafest.Whendevelopinganewmedicine,alargenumberofmoleculesmustbescreenedtofindabalancebetweeneffectivenessandsafety.Thesameistruewithcells.Inthecontextofcelltherapy,itwillbeimportanttominimizeunwantedimmunereactionsandinflammationthisrequiresselectionfromalargenumberofcelllinestoobtainthebestmatch.

It’sclearfromexperimentswithanimalsthatstem-celltherapiescanreducehumansufferingasParkinsonianmicehavebeencuredwithembryonicstemcellsthatwereprogrammedtobecomedopamine-secreting,replacementnervecells.Soon,cellsinducedtomakeinsulinintissuecultureswillbeusedinattemptstotreatdiabeticmice.Similarsuccesseshavebeenachievedinanimalmodelsofspinal-cordinjury,heartfailureandotherdegenerativedisorders.Weareatafrontierinmedicinewheretissueswillberestoredinwaysthatwerenotimaginablejustafewyearsago.Theethicalissuesraisedbyhuman-embryoresearchareprofound.Thehumancostsofrestrictingthisresearchmustbetakenintoaccountaswell.Thecostindollarsofdelayingnewstem-cellresearchisdifficulttoestimate.Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsofdollars,especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividualswhomustleaveworktocareforvictimsofdegenerativedisorders.

Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopmentinbiomedicalscience.Ouruniversitiesandteachinghospitalsareunparalleled.Weattracttheverybeststudents,scientistsandphysiciansfromaroundtheworld.Buttheseinstitutionsarefragile.Researchandeducationplaykeyrolesinattractingthebestphysicians.Acrippledresearchenterprisemightaddanunbearablestresswithlong-lastingeffectsontheentiresystem.Ifrevolutionarynewtherapiesaredelayedoroutlawed,wecouldbesetbackforyears,ifnotdecades.

Tosteerclearofcontroversy,someinvestigatorswillredirecttheirresearch.Otherswillemigratetocountrieswheresuchresearchisallowedandencouraged.Somewilldropoutentirely.Thepallcastoverthesciencecommunitycouldextendfarbeyondstem-cellresearch.Manytherapieshaveemergedfromcollaborationbetweengovernment-sponsoredresearchersandprivateenterprise.Fewofthesediscoverieswouldhaveemergedif,forinstance,recombinantDNAresearchhadbeenoutlawed30yearsago.Wefacethesametypeofdecisiontodaywithlimitsplacedonhumanembryonicstemcells.Safeguardswillbenecessary.Butifwedonotproceedembracingthevaluesofobjective,open,inquirywithcompletesharingofmethodsandresults,thefieldwillbelefttolessrigorousfringegroupshereandabroad.Patientsandsocietywillsuffer.

1.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thattheauthor（）.

2.Theword“streamline”inParagraph2probablymeans（）.

3.AllofthefollowingaretheconsequencesoftheresearchslowdownEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchisTRUE?

5.Themostsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.isinfavorofstem-cellresearch

B.welcomestheresearchslowdown

C.takesaneutralstandontheresearch

D.thinksitessentialtospeeduptheresearch

问题2选项

A.strengthen

B.simplify

C.ascertain

D.subvert

问题3选项

A.thenegativeimpactontechnicaladvancement

B.thedetrimenttothecultureofinquiry

C.thelossofone’sproductivity

D.thecollapseofAmericandreams

问题4选项

A.Someresearchersaredubiousofthefeasibilityoftheresearch.

B.Privateenterprisedoesn’tshowtheinterestintheresearch.

C.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweencautionandaudacity.

D.Manyresearchershavegivenuptheirresearch.

问题5选项

A.TheCellLines

B.TheStem-cellResearch

C.TheDangersofDelay

D.CostsonAmericanPatients

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.作者意图题。定位到文章第一段，“Unlessmorearecreated,theresearchslowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering”，除非有更多的发明，否则研究速度的放缓可能会导致人类痛苦的惊人代价。由此说明作者认为加速研究是十分必要的，选项D正确。

2.语义推测题。A选项strengthen“加强、巩固”；B选项simplify“简化”；C选项ascertain“查明”；D选项subvert“颠覆、推翻”，定位到文章第二段，句意为：美国国立卫生研究院一直试图通过新的资助和简化最初繁琐的获得批准细胞的流程。选项B符合题意。

3.推理判断题。定位到文章第四段，Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsofdollars,especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividualswhomustleaveworktocareforvictimsofdegenerativedisorders.这可能会造成数千亿美元的损失，尤其是如果再加上那些必须离开工作岗位去照顾退化性疾病受害者的人的生产力损失的话；第五段Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopmentinbiomedicalscience，一个不那么明显但真实的代价是，美国在生物医学领域的探索和技术发展方面的非凡文化结构遭到破坏。thecollapseofAmericandreams“美国梦的破灭”不符合研究放缓带来的后果，因此选D。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第六段，Tosteerclearofcontroversy,someinvestigatorswillredirecttheirresearch.Otherswillemigratetocountrieswheresuchresearchisallowedandencouraged.Somewilldropoutentirely.“为了避免争议，一些研究人员将改变他们的研究方向。其他人将移民到允许和鼓励此类研究的国家。有些人会完全退出”，由此说明一些研究者是放弃了他们的研究的，选项D正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要谈论放缓细胞研究的危害，选项C正确。

11.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Sheisanoddcharacter.

B.Sheisverypick.

C.Sheisveryeasy-going.

D.Sheliesfashion.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Thereisonegirlatmyschoolwhomeverybodypickson.

W:Why?

M:Becauseshedoesn’twearwhateverybodyelsewears.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthegirlinquestion?

【解析】推断题。男士说：Becauseshedoesn’twearwhateverybodyelsewears（她的穿着从来都是与众不同），由此推断她的个性与常人迥异。

12.单选题

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery（

）ofhismoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:虽然他已经很富有了，但是他仍十分节俭。

economic经济的；thrifty节俭的，通常与with连用，例如bethriftywithmoney节约用钱；frugal节俭，通常与of连用，例如befrugalofone’smoney节约用钱;careful小心的。故选C。

13.单选题

Thehighunemploymentratesoftheearly1960soccasionedaspiriteddebatewithintheeconomicsprofession.Onegroupfoundtheprimarycauseofunemploymentinslowgrowthandthesolutionineconomicexpansion.Theotherfoundthemajorexplanationinchangesthathadoccurredinthesupplyanddemandforlaborandstressedmeasuresformatchingdemandwithsupply.

Theexpansionistschoolofthought,withtheCouncilofEconomicAdvisersasitsleadingadvocates,attributedthepersistentlyhighunemploymentleveltoaslowrateofeconomicgrowthresultingfromadeficiencyofaggregatedemandforgoodsandservices.ThemajorityofthisschoolendorsedthepositionoftheCouncilthattaxreductionwouldeventuallyreducetheunemploymentlevelto4%ofthelaborforcewithnootherassistance.At4%,bottlenecksinskilledlabor,middle-levelmanpower,andprofessionalpersonnelwereexpectedtoretardgrowthandgeneratewage-pricepressures.Togobeyond4%,theinterimgoaloftheCouncil,itwasrecognizedthatimprovededucation,training,andretraining,andotherstructuralmeasureswouldberequired.Someexpansionistsinsistedthatthedemandforgoodsandserviceswasnearlysatiatedandthatitwasimpossiblefortheprivatesectortoabsorbasignificantincreaseinoutput.Intheirestimate,onlythelower-incomefifthofthepopulationandthepublicsectorofferedsufficientoutletsfortheproductiveeffortsofthepotentiallaborforce.Thefactthattheneedsofthepoorandthemanyunmetdemandsforpublicservicesheldhigherprioritythanthedemandsofthemarketplaceinthevaluestructureofthisgroupnodoubtinfluencedtheireconomicjudgments.

Thosewhofoundthemajorcauseofunemploymentinstructuralfeatureswereprimarilylaboreconomists,concernedprofessionallywithefficientfunctioningoflabormarketsthroughprogramstodevelopskillsandplaceindividualworkers.TheymaintainedthatincreasedaggregatedemandwasanecessarybutnotsufficientconditionforreachingeithertheCEA's4%targetortheirownpreferred3%.Thispessimismwasbased,inpart,ontheconclusionthatunemploymentamongtheyoung,theunskilled,minoritygroups,anddepressedgeographicalareasisnoteasilyattackedbyincreasinggeneraldemand.Further,theirestimateofthenumbersofpotentialmembersofthelaborforcewhohadwithdrawnornorenteredbecauseoflackofemploymentopportunitywassubstantiallyhigherthanthatoftheCEA.Theyalsoprojectedthatincreaseddemandwouldputaddedpressureonskillsalreadyinshortsupplyratherthanemploytheunemployed,andthatbecauseoftechnologicalchange,whichwasreplacingmanpower,muchhigherlevelsofdemandwouldbenecessarytocreatethesamenumberofjobs.

Thestructuralschool,too,haditshyperenthusiasts:Fiscalconservativeswho,asanalternativetoexpansionarypolicies,arguedthenotveryplausiblepositionthatajobwasavailableforeveryperson,providedonlythatheorshehadtherequisiteskillsorwouldrelocate.Suchextremistpositionsaside,therewasactuallyconsiderableagreementbetweentwomaingroups,thoughthiswasnotrecognizedatthelime.Bothrealizedtheadvisabilityofataxcuttoincreasedemand,andbothneededtoreduceunemploymentbelowapointaround4%.Ineithercase,thepolicyimplicationsdifferedinemphasisandnotincontent.

1.Theauthor'streatmentofthe"hyperenthusiasts"canbestbedescribedasoneof().

2.Accordingtothepassage,therewasagooddealofagreementbetweentheexpansionistandstructuralisttheorieson().

3.Althoughtheyagreedthatanincreaseindemandwasnecessarytoreduceunemployment,theexpansionistsarguedthat().

4.Theauthordiscountsthevalueoftheexpansionists'judgmentbypointingoutthatit().

5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehyperenthusiastscontendedthat().

问题1选项

A.tolerance

B.appreciation

C.dismissal

D.sarcasm

问题2选项

A.howtoreduceunemploymentinthe1960s

B.howtoreduceunemploymentto4percent

C.whatrolethegovernmentplayedinreducingunemployment

D.howtoeliminatestructuraldeficiencies

问题3选项

A.importanceshouldbeattachedtostructuralmeasuressuchaseducationandtraining

B.politicallyconservativepoliciesshouldbemadeintheefforttoreduceunemployment

C.ataxcutwouldnotbesufficienttohelptocreateincreaseddemand

D.governmentspendingtoincreasedemandshouldfundprogramsforlowerincomegroupsandpublicservices

问题4选项

A.wasnotborneoutwithsufficientinformation

B.wascoloredbytheirpoliticalviewpoint

C.wasnotmadefromaprofessionalpointofview

D.wasdeemedtobeimpracticalandthusincorrect

问题5选项

A.theproblemofunemploymentcouldbesolvedwithgovernmentretrainingandeducationprograms

B.thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasgreatlyoverestimatedbytheCouncilofEconomicAdvisers

C.thepoorhadagreaterneedforexpandedgovernmentservicesthanthemoreaffluentportionofthepopulation

D.fiscalpoliciesalonewerepowerfulenoughtoreducethejoblessrateto4percentoftheworkforce

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据关键词定位到最后一自然段。作者对财政保守派一方面可以增加就业机会但落实不到实处的态度有点讽剌意味。tolerance容忍;appreciation欣赏;dismissal不予理会;sarcasm讽刺,嘲笑。所以选D。

2.根据最后一段的倒数二三句"Suchextremistpositionsaside,...bothneededtoreduceunemploymentbelowapointaround4%."他们都意识到减税以增加需求是明智的,都需要将失业率降低到4%以下。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第二段前部分内容可知,扩张主义思想体系中,大多数人都赞同委员会的立场,即在没有其他援助的情况下,仅通过减税就能将失业率降至4%。为了达到这一目标,需要改善教育培训以及其他结构性措施。所以选项A符合原文。

4.根据第二段的最后一句"Thefactthat...theireconomicjudgments."在这个群体的价值结构中,穷人的需要和许多未得到满足的对公共服务的要求比市场的要求具有更高的优先地位,这无疑影响了他们的经济判断。所以选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知,这些潜在热心者认为：每个人可获得的工作机会并不是很合理,工作只会提供给那些有相应技能的求职者,否则会被调剂。也就是说,求职者想要解决就业问题需要经过再就业培训。选项A符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

14.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingbland.Ifyouaddaword,putoninsertionmark(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.(10%)

Example:

When∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit,

(1)an

itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs

(2)∕never

themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum

wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.

(3)exhibit

Thetwinsoccuraboutonceineighty-sevenhumanbirths.

Alittlemorethanonequarteroftheseisidenticaltwins,

36.______

whichdevelopsfromtheequaldivisionofafertilizedegg.

37.______

Identicaltwinsarealwaysthesamesexandhavethesame

bloodgroupandeyecolor.Ifonehasagiftofmusic,itis

38.______

notsurprisingifotherdoestoo.However,ifoneisleft-handed,

39.______

theothermayberight-handed.Ifthehairofonegrows

clockwisefromthecrown,theother’shairmaygrow

counterclockwise.Fraternaltwinsdevelopfromtwoseparate

eggsthatwerefertilizedatthesametime.Theycanbeof

40.______

differentsexesandoftenlooknomuchalikethanother

41.______

membersofthesamefamily.Themorebabiesperbirth,

thelessfrequentlysuchbirthsoccur.Tripletsoccurabout

onein7569births,butsextuplets—multiplebirthsoffive—

42.______

occuroneinaboutfivemillionbirths.Multiplebirths

arecommonamonglowanimals,butidenticaloffspring

43.______

israre,exceptforonespeciesofarmadillo.Thefemale

44.______

armadilloalwaysgivesbirthuptoquadruplets.

45.______

【答案】36.is→are

37.develops→develop

38.of→for

39.∧other→the

40.were→are

41.much→more

42.five→six

43.low→lower

44.is→are

45.up→∕

【解析】36.由主语onequarterofthese（四分之一的双胞胎）可知，此处是分数引导的短语做主语，其谓语动词的数需要根据分数后面的名词来决定，此处的these是复数，因此be动词要用复数are，故改is为are正确。

37.定语从句中的关系代词which指的是identicaltwins（同卵双胞胎），所以从句中的动词要用复数形式，故改develops为develop正确。

38.gift表示“天赋”，一般与for搭配，故把of改为for正确。

39.这一句是说“如果双胞胎的其中一个有音乐天赋，那么另外一个有音乐天赋并不奇怪”，表示两者中的其中一个要用theother，表示特指；other单独使用表示“其他的”，为形容词。故在other前面添加定冠词the正确。

40.这一句的意思是“异卵双胞胎是由两个受精卵同时发育而成的”，为客观陈述，应该用一般现在时，所以that定语从句中的were要改为are。

41.由than可知，nomorethan为固定用法，表示“不比……更”，故改much为more正确。

42.破折号的内容是解释sextuplets（六胞胎）一词，而破折号说的是multiplebirthsoffive（5个胎儿的多胞胎），这明显与sextuplets不符，故改five为six正确。

43.这一句是说“多胞胎在低等生物中很常见”，而low表示“低的”，低级生物要用loweranimal表示，所以改low为lower正确。

44.offspring是复数名词，be动词应该用are，故改is为are正确。