考研考博-英语-吉林建筑科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林建筑科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Allenwillsoonfindoutthatreallifeisseldomassimpleasitis（

）incommercials.

问题1选项

A.drafted

B.depicted

C.alleged

D.permeated

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。drafted“设计；挑选”;depicted“描述;描画”;alleged“宣称”；permeated“弥漫”。句意：艾伦将很快发现实际生活很少像广告中描绘的那样简单。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Itisnecessarythatthemembershipapplicationsshouldbedispatchedimmediately.

问题1选项

A.disposedof

B.sentin

C.sentoff

D.filledout

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项disposedof“处理”；B选项sentin“递送”；C选项sentoff“寄出”；D选项filledout“填写”。句意：有必要立即发出会员申请。划线部分dispatched是发出的意思。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Thegovernment'spoliciesinthepastfiveyearshaveshowna(n)（）inemphasizingthenecessityofimprovingthepeasants’livelihood.

问题1选项

A.behavior

B.agony

C.coherence

D.exaltation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。behavior“行为；举止”；agony“苦恼”；coherence“一致；连贯性”；exaltation“欣喜；提拔”。根据时间状语inthepastfiveyears(在过去五年)可知政府对提高农民生活水平的持续关注，因此选项C符合题意。

4.翻译题

PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible，asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains”.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.

Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytheroles.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryroles,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.

【答案】努力是关键。只有当我们坦然面对人生中的困苦，才有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除去某些不可能的情形，我们于人生中所获取的满足取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。罗伯特•弗罗斯特谈到“以苦为乐”时，应该也是这种想法。广告中宣传的幸福观的致命缺点便是它试图宣传幸福唾手可得。

我们即使玩游戏也会有困难。我们之所以需要它，是因为没有困难便没有游戏可言。游戏便是让其中的乐趣没有那么容易得到。游戏的规则便是将苦难武断地强加于人。当有人破坏了这些乐趣，也意味着他总是会拒绝遵守游戏规则。下棋时，如果你随心所欲地去更改规则，这样很容易赢。但是游戏的乐趣就在于能够在遵守规则的前提下赢。如果没有困难，也就没有乐趣可言。

5.单选题

Thepost-WorldWarIIbaby___resultedina43%increaseinthenumberofteenagersinthe1960sand1970s.

问题1选项

A.boost

B.boom

C.production

D.prosperity

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项boost“推动；帮助；宣扬”；B选项boom“繁荣；（某种体育运动、音乐等）突然风靡的时期；吊杆；隆隆声；水栅；帆桁”；C选项production“成果；产品；生产；作品”；D选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”。结合空格前baby，组成固定搭配babyboom“婴儿潮；生育高峰”。句意：二战后的婴儿潮导致60年代和70年代的青少年人数增加了43%。B选项正确。

6.单选题

Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheorybutthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniform,originoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks,onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatform,thetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness—inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thegreatesttroublewiththeUSsocietymayliein（

）.

2.TheasocialpersonalityofAmericansmaystemfrom（

）.

3.Homer'sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto（

）.

4.Theword"consensus"isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theword"our"inSentence1,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.thenon-existenceofconsensusontheformsofthesocietyshouldtake

B.thelackofdivergenceoverthecommonorganizationsofsociallife.

C.thenon-acceptanceofasocietybasedonindividualdiversity

D.thepervasivedistresscausedbynationalmoraledecline.

问题2选项

A.theabsenceofacommonreligion

B.themultiracialconstituentsoftheUSsociety

C.thewantofsharedmythstheypossessinlife

D.thecounterbalancetonarcissisticpersonality

问题3选项

A.exemplifythecontributionsmadebyancientpoets

B.illustratetheroleofsharedfantasiesaboutsociety.

C.showanidealstageofeternalsocialprogress

D.makeknownmythsofwhatasocietyoughttobe

问题4选项

A.control

B.concern

C.agreement

D.consideration

问题5选项

A.Trojan

B.totalitarian

C.Greek

D.American

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目所问的是“美国社会最大的麻烦可能在于什么？”文章第一段第一句话提到“我们社会最痛心的是缺乏对‘社会是什么’以及‘社会生活应该是什么’这类问题的一致意见”（Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe）。选项A“对社会应该采取什么样的形态缺乏一致性”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目所问的是“美国人的社会人格来源于什么？”文章第二段第三句话提到“美国是一个来自各个国家的移民组成的国家”（ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations）。选项B“美国社会由多种族组成”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目所问的是“第一段提到荷马史诗的目的是什么？”文章第一段最后一句话提到“因此现在的一致性只有通过对过去共同的理解才能获得，就像荷马史诗告知后来的人一致性对于希腊来说意味着什么，他们是依靠什么样的想象和理想来生活以及构造社会的。”（Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties）。选项B“说明共同的幻想对社会的重要性”符合题意。

4.词义题。题目所问的是“consensus与哪个词的意思最接近？”consensus在文章中出现多次，文章第二段第一句话mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry，根据句子中的common这个词可以猜测consensus的意思是一个与之相近的名词。四个选项中的单词意思分别为：control“控制”；concern“担心，忧虑”；agreement“同意，一致”；consideration“考虑，原因”，选项C符合题意。

5.词义题。题目所问的是“‘our’指的是什么？”从文章第三段第二句话可以看出，本段主要讲述的是美国社会的问题，因此，our指的是“美国”。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Thenewscommentatorsaysthattheargumentthespeakerhaspresenteddoesnot（）water.

问题1选项

A.have

B.contain

C.include

D.hold

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。holdwater意为“站得住脚，合情合理，说得通”。这里指演讲者提出的论点说不通。选项D正确。

8.单选题

Inthiscountryitisagainstthe（）nottowearseatbeltsinacar.

问题1选项

A.rule

B.regulation

C.law

D.order

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项rule“规则”；B选项regulation“管理，校准”；C选项law“法律”；D选项order“指示，命令”。句意：在这个国家，在汽车里不系安全带是_____的。这里考查固定搭配againstthelaw“违反法律”，句子表达的意思是，不系安全带在这个国家是违法的，因此C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Aninternationaltreatysignedseveralyearsago（

）tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies.

问题1选项

A.bans

B.eliminates

C.promotes

D.protects

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。ban意为“明令禁止，取缔”；eliminate意为“排除，取消”；promote意为“促进，推进”；protect意为“保护，保卫”。由主语aninternationaltreaty（国际条约）和宾语tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies（濒危动植物的贸易）可知谓语动词用ban符合逻辑。

句意：几年前签署的一项国际条约禁止濒危动植物贸易。

10.单选题

Let'stestthetemperatureofabasinofwaterwithbothhands（）togetherinthewater.

问题1选项

A.placing

B.place

C.beingplaced

D.placed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:让我们把两只手一起放水中，以测试水温。

语法题。考查时态语态。此处hands和place之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词。故D正确。

11.单选题

Canyougivemeanotherhintwithout______theanswer?

问题1选项

A.givingoff

B.givingaway

C.givingup

D.givingin

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项givingoff“发出”；B选项givingaway“泄露”；C选项givingup“放弃”；D选项givingin“屈服”。句意：你能在不告诉我答案的情况下再给我一个提示吗？本句表示泄露答案。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Myboneshavebeenachingagain,astheyoftendoinhumidweather.Theyachelikehistory:thingslongdonewith,thatstillremainaspain.Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.Therearesleepingpills,ofcourse,butthedoctorhaswarnedmeagainstthem.

Lastnight,afterwhatseemedhoursofdampturmoil,Igotupandcreptslipperlessdownthestairs,feelingmywayinthefaintstreetlightthatcamethroughthewindow.Oncesafelyarrivedatthebottom,Iwalkedintothekitchenandlookedaroundintherefrigerator.TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.I'vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.Furtivesnacks,furtivetreatsandpicnics.Imadedowithsomepeanutbutter,scoopeddirectlyfromthejarwithaforefinger:whydirtyaspoon?

Standingtherewiththejarinonehandandmyfingerinmymouth,Ihadthefeelingthatsomeonewasabouttowalkintotheroom~someotherwoman,theunseen,validowner~andaskmewhatinhellIwasdoinginherkitchen.I’vehaditbefore,thesensethateveninthecourseofmymostlegitimateanddailyactions—peelingabanana,brushingmyteeth―Iamtrespassing.

Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger's.Iwanderedthroughthefrontroom,thediningroom,theparlour,handonthewallforbalance.Myvariouspossessionswerefloatingintheirownpoolsofshadow,denyingmyownershipofthem.Ilookedthemoverwithaburglar’seye,decidingwhatmightbeworththeriskofstealing,whatontheotherhandIwouldleavebehind.Robberswouldtaketheobviousthings~thesilverteapotthatwasmygrandmother’s,perhapsthehand-paintedchina.Thetelevisionset.NothingIreallywant.

1.Theauthorcouldnotfallasleepbecause（

）.

2.TheauthordidnotlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT（

）.

问题1选项

A.itwastoodampinthebedroom

B.shehadrunoutofsleepingpills

C.shewasinverypoorhealth

D.shefeltveryhungry

问题2选项

A.fresh

B.sufficient

C.nutritious

D.delicious

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问作者不能入睡的原因。由第一段中第三句“Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.当疼痛非常严重时，它让我无法入睡。每晚我都渴望睡觉，我努力去睡着，但是睡觉如同一个窗帘样在我的面前飘动”确定C选项“她身体非常不好”正确。

2.推理判断题。题干询问作者不喜欢吃冰箱的食物的原因。由第二段第三句“TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.这里没有太多我想吃的东西：剩下的东西有一把芹菜、一块染了蓝色的面包尾部和一个正变软的柠檬”确定A选项“新鲜”正确；B选项“充足的”、C选项“营养的”和D选项“可口的”不正确。

13.单选题

InRomantimes,defeatedenemiesweregenerallyputtodeathascriminalsforhavingoffendedtheemperorofRome.Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.Thoughsomesawthiscustomasasteptowardsamorehumanesociety,theprimaryreasonsbehinditwereeconomicratherthanhumanitarian.

Inthosetimes,rulershadonlyalimitedabilitytoraisetaxes.Theycouldneitherforcetheirsubjectstofightnorpaythemtodoso.Thepromiseofmaterialcompensationintheformofgoodsandransomwasthereforetheonlywayofinducingcombatantstoparticipateinawar.Inthemiddleages,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.Althoughcollectingransomclearlybroughtfinancialgain,keepingaprisonerandarrangingforhisexchangehaditscosts.Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.

Onesuchdevicewasaruleassertingthattheprisonerhadtoassesshisownvalue.Thiscompelledtheprisonertoestablishavaluewithoutmuchdistortion;indicatingtoolowavaluewouldincreasethecaptive’schancesofbeingkilled,whileindicatingtoohighavaluewouldeitherrushhimfinanciallyorcreateaprohibitivelyexpensiveransomthatwouldalsoresultindeath.

Asecondmeansofreducingcostswasthepracticeofreleasingaprisoneronhiswordofhonor.Thisprocedurewasadvantageoustobothpartiessincethecaptorwasrelievedoftheexpenseofkeepingtheprisonerwhilethecaptivehadfreedomofmovement.Thecaptoralsobenefitedfinanciallybyhavinghiscaptiveraisetheransomhimself.This“parole”wasaviablepracticesincethereleasedprisonerriskedrecaptureorretaliationagainsthisfamily.Moreover,inmedievalsociety,breakingone’swordhadseriousconsequences.When,forexample,KingFrancoisIbrokehiswordtotheEmperorCharlesVin1525,hisreputationsufferedimmensely.

Afindmethodofreducingcostswastheuseofspecializedinstitutionstoestablishcontactbetweenthetwoparties.Twotypesofinstitutionsemerged:professionaldealerswhoactedasbrokers,andmembersofreligiousorderswhoactedasneutralintermediaries.Dealersadvancedmoneyfortheransomandchargedinterestontheloan.TwoofthereligiousordersthatbecameintermediariesweretheMercedariansandtheTrinitarians,whobetweenthemarrangedtheransomofnearlyonemillionprisoners.

61.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamedievalsoldier______.

63.Intheauthor’sopinion,asoldier’sdecisiontospareanadversary’slifebelinkedhistoricallyto______.

64.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprocessofarrangingransomsduringmedievaltimeswas______.

65.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.discusstheeconomicbasisofthemedievalpracticeofexchangingprisonersforransom

B.examinethehistoryofthetreatmentofprisonersofwar

C.emphasizetheimportanceofawarrior’swordofhonorduringtheMiddleAges

D.explorethreewaysofreducingthecostsofransom

问题2选项

A.hadfeweconomicoptionsandchosetofightbecauseitwastheonlywayto

B.wassimilartoa20th-centuryterroristinthatheoperatedonabasicallyindependentlevelandwasmotivatedsolelybyeconomicincentives

C.waslesslikelytokillcapturedmembersofopposingarmiesthanwasasoldieroftheRomanEmpire

D.wasmotivatedtospareprisonerslivesbyhumanitarianratherthaneconomicideals

问题3选项

A.theeconomicrelationshipofthewarringstates

B.theeconomicgainfromtakinganenemyprisonerratherthankillinghimincombat

C.thecasewithwhichasoldiercouldcaptureandsubsequentlyimprisonhisenemy

D.technologicaladvancesinweaponry

问题4选项

A.morelucrativeformedievalsoldiersandkingsthanthewinningofspoils

B.aproceduresocostlythatitwasnoteconomicallyworthwhileforthecaptors

C.futileforthecaptivesincelieriskedrecaptureevenafterhisransomwaspaid

D.apotentialsourceofincomeforothersasidefromthecaptorsoftheprisoners

问题5选项

A.Anassertionismade,brieflyexplained,andthenseveralexamplesthatrefutetheassertionaregiven.

B.Ahistoricalanalysisismadeofaphenomenonandsupportingdetailsareoffered.

C.Ahypothesisisoffered,carefullyqualified,andthensupportingdataisanalyzed.

D.Agenerallyacceptedhistoricalviewpointispresentedinordertointroducediscussionofitsstrengthsandlimitations.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段提到InRomantimes,defeatedenemiesweregenerallyputtodeathascriminalsforhavingoffendedtheemperorofRome.Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.Thoughsomesawthiscustomasasteptowardsamorehumanesociety,theprimaryreasonsbehinditwereeconomicratherthanhumanitarian.（在罗马时代，被打败的敌人通常会因为冒犯了罗马皇帝而被当作罪犯处死。然而，在中世纪，赎回或遣返囚犯以换取金钱的做法变得普遍起来。尽管有些人认为这一习俗是迈向更人道社会的一步，但其背后的主要原因是经济而非人道主义。），接着全篇都是在描述中世纪拿战俘换取金钱这一行为，可知文章的主要目的是讨论中世纪统治者拿战俘换取金钱这一行为的经济基础，故A项“讨论中世纪交换囚犯换取赎金的经济基础”符合题意。B项“研究战俘待遇的历史”和C项“在中世纪强调战士的荣誉承诺的重要性”，都只是在文章中有稍微提到，比较片面；D项“探索三种降低赎金成本的方法”，根据第二段倒数两句Althoughcollectingransomclearlybroughtfinancialgain,keepingaprisonerandarrangingforhisexchangehaditscosts.Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.（虽然收集赎金显然带来了经济利益，但关押和安排交换囚犯是有代价的。因此，制定了若干程序以减少交易成本。），由此可知，降低交易成本只是统治者为了能够获得最大的经济利益，是讨论统治者拿战俘换取金钱这一行为的一部分内容，D项概括不够全面。故该题选A。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章可以推断中世纪的士兵……”。根据第二段第四句Inthemiddleages,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.（在中世纪，每个士兵参加战争的主要动机是对战利品的期望）可知中世纪士兵是为了获得战利品而去战斗，因为中世纪战俘可以换赎金，所以一般不会像罗马时期一样杀死战俘，故C项“他比罗马帝国的士兵更不可能杀死被敌军俘虏的士兵”符合题意；A项“没有什么经济选择，所以选择战斗，因为这是唯一的办法”，第二段第三句提到Thepromiseofmaterialcompensationintheformofgoodsandransomwasthereforetheonlywayofinducingcombatantstoparticipateinawar.（以货物和赎金形式提供物质补偿的承诺是诱使战斗人员参加战争的唯一办法）可知，让士兵参加战斗的唯一办法是承诺以货物和赎金形式提供物质补偿，所以A项错误；B项“类似于20世纪的恐怖分子，他基本上是独立运作的，只受经济动机的驱使”，全文作者没有将中世纪的士兵与现代的恐怖主义作比较，故不选B；D项“是出于人道主义而不是经济理想来拯救囚犯的生命”，释放战俘是为了获得赎金，而不是人道主义，所以D项也不选。故该题选C。

63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“在作者看来，一名士兵决定宽恕敌人的生命历史上是与……有关”。根据第一段的第二句话Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.（然而，在中世纪，赎回或遣返囚犯以换取金钱的做法变得普遍起来），我们可以知道战士不杀死战俘的原因是为了赎金；这是个人经济动力驱使，所以B项“在战斗中俘虏敌人而不是杀死他所获得的经济收益”符合题意。A项“战国的经济关系”，文章没有提到罗马帝国和战国的经济关系；C项“一名士兵可以捕获并监禁他的敌人的情况”这不是士兵会宽恕敌人的生命的原因，最终是为了获得赎金；D项“武器装备技术进步”文章也未提到；故该题选B。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断出中世纪安排赎金的过程是……”。根据第二段第四句IntheMiddleAges,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.（在中世纪，每个士兵参加战争的主要动机是对战利品的期望）可知，士兵的最大动力是战利品，而俘虏战俘换取赎金只是另外一种收入，因为关押战俘需要成本，所以A项“对中世纪的士兵和国王来说，比赢得战利品更有利可图”不选；B项“这个程序太昂贵以至于对绑架者来说在经济上不划算”，第二段最后一句有提到Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.（因此，制定了若干程序以减少交易成本），由此可知，他们采取了降低成本的方法，所以B项错误；C项“对俘虏来说是徒劳无功的，因为即使在他支付了赎金之后，他仍然冒着被抓回的危险”，题干说的是俘虏者而不是被俘虏者，与题干无关，故C项不选；D项“除了俘虏者之外，其他人的潜在收入来源”，文中提到因为关押和安排交换囚犯是有代价，所以制定了若干程序减少成本，其中就提到了“假释”囚犯和利用专门机构在双方之间建立联系，这是除了俘虏者外，其他人的潜在经济收入，所以D项符合。故该题选D。

65.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】文章主旨题。题干意思是“下列哪个选项最好地描述了这篇文章的组织结构？”。全文就是针对中世纪的拿战俘换取赎金的现象进行分析，并给出了细致的流程说明来支持这个分析，B项“对一种现象进行历史分析，并提供支持细节”符合。A项“给出一个断言，简要解释，然后给出几个反驳该断言的例子”文中不是用实例来驳斥论点，A项不选；C项“提出一个假设，仔细确认，然后分析支持数据”，战俘换取赎金的现象是历史存在过的，不是一种推论，所以不选C项；D项“一个被普遍接受的历史观点是为了引入对其优势和局限性的讨论”，文章也没有谈论这个历史事实的优缺点，D项错误；故该题选B。

14.单选题

Galileoabstainedfromdiscussingtheforcethatcausesaccelerationwhenanobjectfallstowardstheearth.

问题1选项

A.evolvedfrom

B.protectedfrom

C.refrainedfrom

D.derivedfrom

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项evolvedfrom“进化”；B选项protectedfrom“保护”；C选项refrainedfrom“避免”；D选项derivedfrom“衍生”。句意：伽利略没有讨论物体落向地球时引起加速度的力。划线部分abstainedfrom是回避的意思。因此C选项正确。

15.不定项选择题

Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanaturalhumancondition.Wefeellessthreatenedwhenwestickwiththefamiliar.Aslongaswearereceivingapaycheck,wetoleratethedissatisfaction.Bettertojustplayitsafe.

Butthesafetynetwepreserverequiresabigtrade-off.Itoftendeniesustheopportunitytoexperienceworkthatmakesushappy,thatisconsistentwithourdesireswhilestillmeetingourmonetaryneeds.Yetmanyofusstrapourselvesintojobsinwhichtheonlyrewardismoney.

Webreedcynicismwhenwetreatourworkasnothingmorethanafinancialequation,anecessitywetolerateinordertoacquirefundstolive,withthehopeofsomehowachievingsuccessandhappinessalongtheway.That’sreallymostofuswanttobehappy.Wespend80,000hoursofourlivesatwork.Yet,weviewhappinessassomethingtobeachieved“outside”ofwork.WehireourselvesoutonMondaythroughFridayand“live”fortheweekends.

Mostofusdidn’tchooseourcareerstofulfillapurposeormission.Onthecontrary,wejustlookedfor“agoodjobwithagoodcompany,”reflectingsuchcriteriaaspay,titleandsecurity.Wereasonedthatifwecould“getafootinthedoor”andworkhard,ourcareerswouldgrowovertime,actually,thatourcareersandworkliveswouldjusthappen“byaccident.”Becauseofthis,manyofushavecareerstodaythatarejust“accidentswaitingtohappen.”Everydaybusinessdecisions,areorganizationplan,anacquisitionbyanothercomply,arelocationoutofthecountryofthecompany,canthrowourworklivesintodanger.Butdespitethisuncertainty,someofusstillclingtoourjobs,dissatisfyingastheymaybe.Can’ttakethatrisk!

“Hangingon”involvesrisktoo.Forwhenwesacrificepleasureforpay,ourworklacksdignity,usesourenergyand,ultimately,breaksourspirit.Anunhappy,unfulfilledworklifecontributestoanunhappy,unfulfilledpersonallife.Happinessinwork,ashappinessinlove,demandsameasureofrisk.

AuthorMarshaSimetarsuggeststhatifyou“dowhatyoulove,themoneywillfollow.”Certainlythismayseemabitrisky,perhapsidealistic,butitisundoubtedlytruethatpeoplewholovewhattheydofindwaystomakethemostmoney.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwelearnthat（）

2.Bysayingthat“thesafetynetwepreserverequiresabigtrade-off”(paragraph2,line1)the（）

3.Welearnfromthetextthat（）

4.Accordingtothetext,whenthechangesthrowourworklivesintodanger,wewillusually（）

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextisto（）

问题1选项

A.fearisoneofthefundamentaldefectsinhumancharacter.

B.peopletendtokeepstableworktoavoidthefearofchanges.

C.thepaycheckmakespeoplefeelsafeabouttheirwork.

D.peoplefeellessfearfulunderanaturalhumancondition.

问题2选项

A.peopleneedtodobusinesswhenmanagingworkandlife.

B.mencanfeelsafewhenreceivingmoney,themajorrewardofjob.

C.safetymeanssacrificingthebalancebetweenmonetaryneedsandhappinessofwork.

D.safetycanbeachievedbymeetingbothourdesireandmonetaryneeds.

问题3选项

A.peoplestrugglebetweentheidealofworkandmonetaryneeds.

B.peopledonothaveasenseofmissionnowadaysbutfancyaboutmoney.

C.happinessandmoneycanbebothachievedduringworkinmostcases.

D.thedevelopmentofourcareerisdoomedtohappen.

问题4选项

A.expressgreatdissatisfactionatthejob.

B.takeanotherworkopportunity.

C.feeluncertainabouttherisk.

D.remainatthepreviousworkposition.

问题5选项

A.persuadepeopletochoosecareerstofulfillapurpose.

B.criticizethephenomenonofworkingformoney.

C.elaboratepeople’sattitudestowardswork.

D.illustratehowtoachievesafetyofworklife.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:段落大意题。“Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanaturalhumancondition.Wefeellessthreatenedwhenwestickwiththefamiliar.”从这句话我们可以得出正确答案为B，说的是人们为了逃避那些改变，会倾向于坚持与我们熟悉的事物相处，因此B正确当选。

第2题:句意理解题。我们可以定位到原文的第二段第二句，“Itoftendeniesustheopportunitytoexperienceworkthatmakesushappy,thatisconsistentwithourdesireswhilestillmeetingourmonetaryneeds.”意思就是“它经常剥夺我们体验能使我们快乐的工作的机会，这样的工作既符合我们的欲望，又能满足我们的金钱需求”，也就是说我们认为的安全网就是用快乐来换钱（工作），也就是C项的意思，牺牲金钱和快乐之间的平衡，C当选。

第3题:细节推断题。“当我们把工作仅仅看作是经济上的平衡时，我们就会滋生犬儒主义，这是我们为了获得生活所需而忍受的必要条件”，这一句就暗示了A选项，说的是人们一直挣扎在理想的工作和金钱的需求中，第三段也给出了这一观点的详细阐述，A正确。

第4题:细节推断题。根据题干定位到第四段，倒数第二句“Butdespitethisuncertainty,someofusstillclingtoourjobs,dissatisfyingastheymaybe.Can’ttakethatrisk!”，意为：但尽管存在这种不确定性，我们中的一些人仍然坚持工作，尽管工作可能并不令人满意。我不能冒这个险！告诉了我们就算是有这种不确定性，我们也不愿意改变自己的工作，答案为D。

第5题:作者意图题。题干问作者写这篇文章的意图何在，我们需要纵观全文回答，其实问的也就是文章的主旨大意，A项不对，文章只是建议人们可以去做自己热爱的事业，而不是一定要达到一个目标；B项也不对，作者是同意人们为了钱而工作的，只是希望人们能有工作又快乐；C项是全文的主要论述对象，全文就是在讲人们对于工作的态度如何，当选；D项无关项。答案为C。

16.翻译题

1.Althoughmanypeopleclaimthat,alongwiththerapidlyeconomicdevelopment,thenumberofpeoplewhousebicyclearedecreasingandbicycleisboundtodieout.TheinformationI’vecollectedovertherecentyearsleadsmetobelievethatbicyclewillcontinuetoplayextremelyimportantrolesinmodernsociety.

2.Thereisageneraldiscussionthesedaysovereducationinmanycollegesandinstitutes.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethereducationisalifetimestudy.

3.Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninthepast.Manyexpertspointoutthat,alongwiththedevelopmentofmodernsociety,itisaninevitableresultandthereisnowaytoavoidit.

4.Manypeoplebelievethatinternationaltourismproducepositiveeffectsoneconomicgrowthandlocalgovernmentshouldbeencouragedtopromoteinternationaltourism.

5.Anyparentsshouldplaceconsiderableemphasisontheirchildrentokeepthebalancebetweenplayandstudy.Asanoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

【答案】1.尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡。然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

2.当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

3.现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

4.许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

5.任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍之间的平衡。正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

17.单选题

Fertilizer,naturalsubstanceormixtureisusedto（）soilsoastopromoteplantgrowth.

问题1选项

A.enact

B.enlarge

C.enclose

D.enrich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:肥料、自然物质或混合物被用来使土地肥沃,以促进植物生长。

考查动词辨析。Enact通过(法律),扮演,担任…角色;enlarge扩大,扩充,扩展;enclose围绕,放入封套;enrich使充实,使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。