考研考博-英语-吉林电子信息职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林电子信息职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Psychologistshaveknownforalongtimethateconomistsarewrong.Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.Theyknowbecauseoftheultimatumgame,theoutcomeofwhichisoftentherejectionoffreemoney.

Inthisgame,oneplayerdividesapotofmoneybetweenhimselfandanother.Theotherthenchooseswhethertoaccepttheoffer.Ifherejectsit,neitherplayerbenefits.Anddespitetheinstinctsofclassicaleconomics,astingy(小气的)offer(onethatislessthanaboutaquarterofthetotal)is,indeed,usuallyrejected.Thequestionis,why?

Oneexplanationoftherejectioniststrategyisthathumanpsychologyisadaptedforrepeatedinteractionsratherthanone-offtrades.Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.Andindeed,whenone-offultimatumgamesareplayedbytrainedeconomists,whoknowallthis,theydotendtoacceptstingyoffersmoreoftenthanotherpeoplewould.Buteventheyhavetheirlimits.Tothrowsomelightonwhythoselimitsexist,TerenceBurnhamofHarvardUniversityrecentlygatheredagroupofstudentsofmicroeconomicsandaskedthemtoplaytheultimatumgame.Allofthestudentsherecruitedweremen.

Dr.Burnham’sresearchbudgetrantoabunchof$40games.Whentherearemanyroundsintheultimatumgame,playerslearntosplitthemoneymoreorlessequally.ButDr.Burnhamwasinterestedinagameofonlyoneround.Inthisgame,whichtheplayersknewinadvancewasfinalandcouldthusnotaffectfutureoutcomes,proposerscouldchooseonlybetweenofferingtheotherplayer$25(i.e.morethanhalfthetotal)or$5.Responderscouldacceptorrejecttheofferasusual.Thoseresultsrecorded,Dr.Burnhamtooksaliva(唾液)samplesfromallthestudentsandcomparedthetestosteronelevelsassessedfromthosesampleswithdecisionsmadeintheone-roundgame.

AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.Fiveofthesevenmenwiththehighesttestosteronelevelsinthestudyrejecteda$5ultimateofferbutonlyoneofthe19othersmadethesamedecision.

WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.Theywouldratheracceptlessthemselvesthanseearivalgetahead.Thatislikelytobeparticularlytrueinindividualswithhightestosteronelevels,sincethathormoneiscorrelatedwithsocialdominanceinmanyspecies.

Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.

1.Accordingtothepassage,psychologistsaredifferentfromeconomistsinthat______.

2.Inthethirdparagraph,thesentence“Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.”meansthat______.

3.TheresultofDr.Burnham’sstudyintheone-roundgameplayersshowsthat______.

4.ThepointDr.Burnhamhasconcludedfromhisstudyisthat______.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthebehaviorofrejectingalowoffermentionedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theythinkanyfinancialgainisworthlessifitcouldnotguaranteetheultimatumgame

B.theyunderstandhoweconomistsarewrongbyprovingtrivialfinancialgaincouldbeignored

C.theybelievethatitisnecessarytorejectsometrivialgainstogetbiggerones

D.theyhaveknownforalongtimethatfromtheperspectiveofpsychology,financialgainsarenotworthpursuing

问题2选项

A.takinganuncompromisingattitudeatthebeginningwilllosemoreinthefutureroundsofthegame

B.peoplewhoarenotsocalculatingatthebeginningwillgetgoodreturnsintheend

C.peoplewhoareselflesswillgetmoreintheend

D.takingatoughlineatthebeginningwillpaymorecostinthefuturegame

问题3选项

A.menwithhightestosteronelevelsareusuallymoremotivatedtorejectbythelowoffer

B.thefacttestosteroneiscloselyconnectedwithsocialdominanceprovespeoplecouldhardlyseearivalgoahead

C.menwithhightestosteronearemorelikelytorejectthetenetsofclassicaleconomics

D.menwithhightestosteronepaymoreattentiontotherelativegains

问题4选项

A.moneyisirrelevantwhenpeopleseekforreproductiveopportunities

B.peopleprefernon-financialwaystofulfilltheirpurposeofgainingsocialstatus

C.whatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity

D.thedefinitionofrationalityisdifferentbetweenthefieldsofeconomicsandpsychology

问题5选项

A.Thiskindofbehaviorisirrationalasmatteroffact.

B.Thiskindofbehaviorpaysmoreattentiontothesocialstatusratherthanmoney.

C.Thiskindofbehaviorcouldbringdesirablereproductiveopportunities.

D.Thiskindofbehaviorisrationalfromalongview.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.（大多数经济学家——至少是那些持传统观点的经济学家——相信任何经济收益，无论多么小，都值得拥有。但心理学家知道这不是真的。），说明心理学家和经济学家的分歧在于心理学家看到的是最终的结果，而经济学家注重的是切实的利润，心理学家认为并不是所有的小利益都要去追求，可以舍小取大。因此C选项“他们认为有必要拒绝一些小收益以获得更大的收益”正确。A选项“他们认为任何经济利润如果不能保证最后获胜就是没有用的”，原文没有说不能保证最后获胜的经济利润是没用的，所以A错误。B选项“通过证明小的经济利润可以被忽略，他们认为经济学家们是错误的”，小的经济利润可以被忽略这一点没有被证明，所以B错误。D选项“他们知道长久以来，从心理学的角度来看，经济利润是不值得去追求的”，由原文可知，不值得追求的是小收益，而不是经济利润，所以D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二、三句Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.（在这种情况下，在一开始采取如果是自我牺牲的强硬的路线会在未来的游戏中获得好处。因此，在一次性游戏中，拒绝吝啬的报价只是大战略中的一步棋。），说明如果拒绝吝啬的出价会是更大策略中的一步，也就是说一开始不要贪得所有的大小利益，而是要有长远的眼光，这样才能取得更大的收益。因此D选项“一开始就采取强硬态度的人在未来的游戏中会付出更多的代价”正确。A选项“从一开始就采取强硬的态度会在未来几轮的游戏中失去得更多”，B选项“那些从一开始就不是很计较的人最后可以获得好的收益”，C选项“无私的人最终会得到更多”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.（正如他在《英国皇家学会学报》上所描述的那样，拒绝较低最终报价的应答者的睾丸激素水平比接受报价的应答者的平均水平高出50%以上。），说明睾丸激素水平较高的人更注重相对利润而不是眼前的利益。因此D选项“睾丸激素水平高的人更关注相对收益”正确。A选项“睾丸激素高的人更加有拒绝低报酬的动机”，B选项“睾丸激素和社会优势有着密切的联系，这一事实证明了人们很难看到对手领先”，C选项“有较高睾丸激素的人更趋向于拒绝传统经济法则”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段第一、二句WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.（伯纳姆博士的结果所支持的，是对古典经济学原理的更深程度的拒绝，而不是基于谈判技巧的轻微错误进化。它支持了人们真正追求的是相对繁荣而不是绝对繁荣的观点。），说明伯纳姆博士最终支持的结论是更深的对传统经济原则的拒绝，人们真正追求的是相对的财富而不是绝对的财富。因此C选项“人们真正追求的是相对繁荣而不是绝对繁荣”正确。A选项“当人们寻求再生机会时，金钱就是无关紧要的了”，B选项“人们更倾向于用非金钱的方式来实现他们取得社会地位的目标”，原文说的是如果另外一条路可以更为直接地导致这种情形，金钱就是不相关的，所以A,B错误。D选项“经济学和心理学对于理性的定义是不一样的”，原文没有明确指出理性的定义在两个学科中是完全不同的，所以D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.（经济学家经常认为这种行动是不理智的。实际上这是理智的，只是不同的理智而已。金钱可以买到的只是达到某个目的的方法而已，如社会地位，达到目的便给人们带来他们想要的不断再生的机会。如果有另外一条路可以更为直接地达到目的，金钱就是不相关的。），说明经济学家认为这种行为是不理智的，而实际上是一种理智的行为，心理学家从更高更深的层面来看，金钱只是达到目的的一种手段，而为了达到一定的目的拒绝眼前小的利益是理智的行为。因此D选项“从长远来看，这种行为是理性的”正确。A选项“这种行为在事实上是不理性的”，B选项“这种行为更注重社会地位而不是金钱”，C选项“这种行为可以带来期望的再产出机会”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

2.单选题

Tattoosdidn’tspringupwiththedawnofbikergangsandrock“n”rollbands.They’vebeenaroundforalongtimeandhadmanydifferentmeaningsoverthecourseofhistory.

Foryears,scientistsbelievedthatEgyptiansandNubianswerethefirstpeopletotattootheirbodies.Then,in1991,amummywasdiscovered,datingbacktotheBronzeAgeofabout3,300B.C.“TheIceman”,asthespecimenwasdubbed,hadseveralmarkingsonhisbody,includingacrossontheinsideofhiskneeandlinesonhisankleandback.Itisbelievedthesetattoosweremadeinacurativeeffort.

Beingsoadvance,theEgyptiansreportedlyspreadthepracticeoftattooingthroughouttheworld.Thepyramid-buildingthirdandfourthdynastiesofEgyptdevelopedinternationalnationswithCreteGreece,PersiaandArabia.ThearttattooingstretchedoutallthewaytoSoutheastAsiaby2,000B.C.Aroundthesametime,theJapanesebecameinterestedintheartbutonlyforitsdecorativeattributes,asopposedtomagicalones.TheJapanesetattooartistsweretheundisputedmasters.Theiruseofcolors,perspective,andimaginativedesignsgavethepracticeawholenewangle.DuringthefirstmillenniumA.D.,JapanadoptedChinesecultureinmanyaspectsandconfinedtattooingtobrandingwrongdoers.

IntheBalkans,theThracianshadadifferentuseforthecraft.Aristocrats,accordingtoHerodotus,usedittoshowtheworldtheirsocialstatus.AlthoughearlyEuropeansdabbledwithtattooing,theytrulyrediscoveredtheartfromwhentheworldexplorationofthepost-Renaissancemadethemseekoutnewcultures.ItwastheirmeetingwithPolynesianthatintroducedthemtotattooing.Theword,infactisderivedfromthePolynesianwordtattau,whichmeans“tomark”.

Mostoftheearlyusesoftattooswereornamental.However,anumberofcivilizationshadpracticalapplicationsforthiscraft.TheGoths,atribeofGermanicbarbariansfamousforpillagingRomansettlements,usedtattoostomarktheirslaves.Romansdidthesamewithslavesandcriminals.

InTahiti,tattooswereariteofpassageandtoldthehistoryoftheperson’slife.Reachingadulthood,boysgotonetattootocommemoratetheevent.Menweremarkedwithanotherstylewhentheygotmarried.

Later,tattoosbecamethesouvenirofchoiceforglobetrottingsailors.Whenevertheywouldreachanexoticlocale,theywouldgetanewtattootomarktheoccasion.Adragonwasafamousstylethatmeantthesailorhadreacheda“Chinastation”.Atfirst,sailorswouldspendtheirfreetimeontheshiptattooingthemselvesandtheirmates.Soonafter,tattooparlorsweresetupinthearea,surroundingportsworldwide.

Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,policeofficialsbelievedthathalfofthecriminalunderworldinNewYorkCityhadtattoos.Portareaswererenownedforbeingroughplacesfullofsailorsthatwereguiltyofsomecrimeoranother.Thisismostlikelyhowtattoosgotsuchabadreputationandbecameassociatedwithrebelsanddelinquents.

1.Accordingtothepassage,tattooswereadoptedforallofthefollowingpurposesEXCEPT（）.

2.Tattoowasbelievedtobecreated（）.

3.InJapan,tattooswereacceptedas（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhydidtattoosbecomeassociatedwithrebelsanddelinquentsinNewYork?

问题1选项

A.totreatthedisease

B.tochallengesocialmores

C.torecordthefootprintsofone'slife

D.toadornoneself

问题2选项

A.togetherwithbikergangsandrock"n"rollbands

B.in1991whenamummywasdiscovered

C.firstlyinSoutheastAsiaby2,000B.C.

D.byEgyptiansandNubians

问题3选项

A.ameansofornament

B.asymbolofmagicalpower

C.awayofcommunication

D.asignofsuccess

问题4选项

A.BothChinaandJapanconfinedtattooingtomarkingcriminals.

B.Romansusedtattoosfordecoration.

C.Sailorstooktattoosasthegiftfortheirfriendsandrelatives.

D.Tattooparlorswereusuallyfoundindowntownareas.

问题5选项

A.Becauseinthemiddleofthe19thcentury,criminalswereusuallytattooedbythegovernment.

B.Becausesailorshadtattoosandsomeofthesailorswereguiltyofsomecrimeoranother.

C.Becausetattooswerethemarksforthemembersofcertainorganizations.

D.BecausePortauthoritiesrequiredthesailorstoweartattoos.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第二段的最后一句“Itisbelievedthesetattoosweremadeinacurativeeffort.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的第二句“...usedittoshowtheworldtheirsocialstatus.”可知选项B表达有误；根据第六段的第一句“InTahiti,tattooswereariteofpassageandtoldthehistoryoftheperson'slife.”可知选项C正确；根据第七段的第一句“Later,tattoosbecamethesouvenirofchoiceforglobetrottingsailors.”可知选项D正确。所以本题选B。

2.根据第二段的第一句“Foryears,scientistsbelievedthatEgyptiansandNubianswerethefirstpeopletotattootheirbodies.”可知选项D正确。

3.根据第三段的第四句“theJapanesebecameinterestedintheartbutonlyforitsdecorativeattributes,asopposedtomagicalones.”日本人对这种艺术产生了兴趣，但只是因为它的装饰性，而不是魔力。选项A正确。

4.根据第三段的最后一句“DuringthefirstmillenniumA.D.,JapanadoptedChinesecultureinmanyaspectsandconfinedtattooingtobrandingwrongdoers.”可知选项A正确；根据第五段的最后一句“...usedtattoostomarktheirslaves.Romansdidthesamewithslavesandcriminals.”可知选项B错误；选项C在文中没有提及；根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Soonafter,tattooparlorsweresetupinthearea,surroundingportsworldwide.”可知选项D错误。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知，19世纪中叶，警方认为纽约市一半的黑社会罪犯都有纹身。港口地区以到处都是犯了某种罪行的水手而闻名。这很有可能是纹身名声如此之差，并与反叛分子和犯罪分子联系在一起的原因。选项B符合原文。

3.单选题

Everyeffortshouldcontributetothehealthydevelopmentofourcompany,buthowdidtheyreachsuchadecisionthatmaybe（）tothecompany’sfuture?

问题1选项

A.irrelevant

B.detrimental

C.casual

D.preceding

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Irrelevant“不相干的”；detrimental“有害的”；casual“随意的，偶然的”；preceding“先前的”。句意：每一项努力都应该为公司的健康发展做出贡献，但是他们是如何做出这样一个可能对公司未来不利的决定的呢?选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

（）acontinuousmassofwaterontheEarth’ssurface,allcontinentsareislandsinthestrictsenseoftheword.

问题1选项

A.Theformoftheoceans

B.Sincetheoceansform

C.Toformtheoceans

D.Thattheoceansform

【答案】B

【解析】语法知识。考查状语从句，前半句是一个since引导的时间状语从句。句意“自从海洋在地球表面形成了一块整体的水域，所有的大洲从严格意义上来说都是岛屿。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”：toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastfort,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggestthatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximateAD1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsame8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld'spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（

）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto

（

）.

5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

问题2选项

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.

问题3选项

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000

B.About50,000babiesarebomeverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

问题4选项

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth

问题5选项

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词thelongthinpowderfuseanalogy定位至第一段:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增长比作“一根细长的火药引信，它以平稳的速度缓慢燃烧，直到爆炸”，这种类比是完全正确的)。故选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词societieswereoftenindangerofextinction定位至第二段:Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates(通常，社会明显面临着灭绝的危险，因为死亡率高于出生率)。故选B。

3.判断推理题。最后一段:Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhas

increasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld(从1650年到现在，人口总量从5亿增加到了40亿。并且预计到2000年，全世界人口总量将达到62亿)。因此A项符合原文。

4.作者意图题。作者首先指出了人口增长的现状,然后详细回顾了历史上人口统计特征及原因。故选D。

5.词义题。“demographic”所在句:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthtoalong,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增长比作“一根细长的火药引信，它以平稳的速度缓慢燃烧，直到爆炸”，这种类比是完全正确的)。而且,文章是以人口增长为讨论话题。因此,此题选A。

6.单选题

Hisattemptsto（

）thetwofriendsfailedbecausetheyhadcompletefaithineachother.

问题1选项

A.alienate

B.abuse

C.alleviate

D.abandon

【答案】A

【解析】alienate使疏远，离间；abuse滥用，虐待；alleviate减轻，缓和；abandon遗弃，放弃。句意：他疏远这两个朋友的企图失败了，因为他们彼此之间完全信任。选项A符合语境。

7.单选题

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

问题1选项

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介词短语辨析。句意：用来做实验的人完全是随机挑选的。at和random搭配意为“任意地，随便地”，因此A选项为正确答案。

8.单选题

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

问题1选项

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。brokendown打破，折断；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled编辑；compressed压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。

9.翻译题

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

ThisnewnormaloftheChineseeconomywillcontinuetobringmoreopportunitiesoftrade,growth,investmentandcooperationforothercountriesinAsiaandbeyond.Inthecomingfiveyears,ChinawillimportmorethanUS$10trillionofgoods,ChineseinvestmentabroadwillexceedUS$500billion,andmorethan500millionoutboundvisitswillbemadebyChinesetourists.Chinawillsticktoitsbasicstatepolicyofopeningup,improveitsinvestmentclimate,andprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofinvestors.Ibelievethattogether,thepeopleofAsiancountriescoulddrivethistrainofAsia’sdevelopmenttotakeAsiatoanevenbrighterfuture.

【答案】中国经济发展进入新常态，将继续给包括亚洲国家在内的世界各国提供更多市场、增长、投资、合作机遇。未来5年，中国进口商品将超过10万亿美元，对外投资将超过5000亿美元，出境旅游人数将超过5亿人次。中国将坚持对外开放的基本国策，不断完善国内投资环境，保护投资者合法权益。我相信，亚洲各国人民能够共同推动亚洲发展的这一列车，把亚洲带向更加光明的未来。

10.单选题

HehasbeeninChinaforayearandstudiedthemarkettodiscoverthe（

）forprofitableinvestment.

问题1选项

A.necessity

B.reality

C.capacity

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他在中国待了一年来研究市场，以便发现投资获利的可能性。

考查名词辨析。Necessity必然,必要,需要;reality现实,事实;capacity容量,能力,职位;potential可能,潜能。故D符合句意。

11.单选题

Althoughskepticssayfinancialproblemswillprobably（

）ourestablishingabaseontheMoon,supportersoftheprojectremain（

）,sayingthathumancuriosityshouldovercomesuchpragmaticconstraints.

问题1选项

A.beset...disillusioned

B.postpone...pessimistic

C.prevent...enthusiastic

D.allow...unconvinced

【答案】C

【解析】动词和形容词辨析题。A选项beset“困扰，镶嵌，围绕”；disillusioned“醒悟的，幻想破灭的”；B选项postpone“推迟，延迟，延缓”；pessimistic“悲观主义的”;C选项prevent“预防，防止，阻止”；enthusiastic“热心的，热情的”;D选项allow“考虑”；unconvinced“不能令人信服的，怀疑的”。根据句意‘尽管反对者认为在月球上建立一个基地会受到经济问题的阻挠，然而这个项目的支持者仍然保持热情，认为人类的好奇心应该克服这种务实的约束。’C选项正确

12.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。baseon“基于”，which指代先行词sufficientgrounds。baseon中的介词on前置，因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin

____.

5.Thepassageis

____.

问题1选项

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

问题2选项

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

问题3选项

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

问题4选项

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

问题5选项

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.总统项目的重点是____。

A.investmentA.投资

B.economyB.经济

C.technologyC.技术

D.taxD.税收

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒数第二段第一句，该处讲到“所以关键是技术，这也是总统项目的重点所在（thecruxisthetechnology）”因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“投资”，是总统计划中涉及到的部分但并不是关键，属于本末倒置；

B选项“经济”，范围太广，太笼统；

D选项“税收”，是总统计划中的一部分但也不是关键，属于本末倒置。

2.【选项释义】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主党中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他们想要一个更直接的行动。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他们想重建工业。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他们想要保护性关税壁垒。

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，该处讲到“总统政党中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行动（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀”，属于行动中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；

C选项“他们想重建工业”，属于行动中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；

D选项“他们想要保护性关税壁垒”也是该行动中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【选项释义】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?编者的态度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厌恶。

C.Disapproval.C.反对。

D.Compromise.D.妥协。

【答案】A

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】文中作者说到“如果一个行业不能把自己提升到技术进步的领先阶段，那么它就不能有效地竞争”。也就是说作者赞同新计划，发展新技术。同时他还强调了新技术在未来发展的作用。作者又提到“如果我们现在不能重组我们的经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。”因此作者的态度应该是支持的。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B“厌恶”、C“反对”、D“妥协”选项错误。

4.【选项释义】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.这个计划的危险在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.双方的反对意见

B.differentideaofthe