考研考博-英语-嘉应学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉应学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis（）.

问题1选项

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此时；值此之际”。句意：在此时难以预测这家公司的未来。A选项正确。

2.单选题

Intheirlettertothestudents’representativeassembly,thefreshmeninsistedon（

）intheStudentUnion.

问题1选项

A.representing

B.beingrepresented

C.havingrepresented

D.havingbeenrepresented

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据句意‘在给学生代表大会的信中，新生坚持在学生会中设置学生代表’thefreshmen应该是被动，用berepresented而insiston后必须用动名词，所以用beingrepresented，B选项正确。

3.单选题

Inorderto（）agoodknowledgeofEnglish,hegaveuphisjobandwenttostudyinanEnglishschool.

问题1选项

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.address

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项require“需要，要求”；B选项inquire“询问”；C选项acquire“获得”；D选项address“演说，致辞”。句意：为了获得英语知识，他放弃了工作，到一所英语学校学习。选项C符合语境。

4.单选题

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen______inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

问题1选项

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glide“滑行，滑翔”；B选项cruise“（船，飞机）航行，游行”；C选项pilot“驾驶，领航”；D选项patrol“巡逻，巡查”。根据inthemiddleofthePacific可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：卫星通信高度发达，即使商人在太平洋的中部航行，也可以和办公室及时联系，就好像他们在隔壁一样。

5.单选题

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

问题1选项

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望总理马上见他。resented后面一般直接接名词或者动词的现在分词形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案选B。

6.单选题

Thewoman,69yearsoldandstillactiveasaprofessoratHarvardUniversity,toldaresearchteamthatshehadbeguntofindithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers.Notlongagoshehadforgottenherclassroomnumberwhenaskingforaslideprojectortobesentup.Shehadoneanxiousquestionfortheresearchteam,assembledtostudythenormalcourseofmentalaging:“AmIlosingmyabilitytoremember,andperhapseventothinkclearly?”

Thatquestionistheprincipalfocusofanewwaveofscientificinquiryonthedeclineinmentalabilitywithage.Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth.

From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime.Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay.

DrKWSchaie,apsychologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,isthedirectorofamajorstudyofnormalmentaldeclineintheelderly.Forover35years,hisstudyhasbeenfollowingmorethan5000menandwomenwhohavebeentestedregularly.DrSchaie’sinvestigationsseektofillagapingerontologicalresearch,which,accordingtoDrJackRowe,presidentoftheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineandaleadingexpertinthefield,hasfocusedondiseaseanddisability,andneglectedtheprospectsofmaintaininghighfunctioninginoldage.DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation.Inaninterviewhepointedoutthatgerontologistshavefocusedon‘"the6to15percentoftheelderlywhoarefrailandthenlumpedeveryoneelsetogetherasnormal.Butthereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherpeopleinitbecome.”

DrSchaie’smostrecentfindingswerereportedthismonthinTheAmericanPsychologist.Althoughthestudy’sresultsshowabilitiesbegintodeclinegraduallyinthemiddletolate60sandaccelerateinthelate70s.Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen.Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s.Formen,theleastdeclineshownisinspatialorientation,forexample,inreadingamapcorrectly.Bythelate80s,ithaddroppedbyonlyaboutone-eighthonaverage.

Forwomen,themostenduringmentalskillisinductivereasoning,assessingtheinformationinatimetable,forinstance.Aswomenreachedtheirlate80s,ithaddroppedjustoverone-eighthfromitsheightinmiddleage.Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s.Formen,thedeclinewasslightinthoseyears.

Anotherstudy,thisonebyDrRichardMons,apsychologistatMountSinaiMedicalSchoolwhoistheactingdirectorofaresearchconsortiumonnormalmemorylossandagingsponsoredbytheCharlesA.DanaFoundation,hasfoundthatdifferentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging.“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage.“Fluid”memory,ontheotherhand,theabilitytoaddnewinformationtomemoryortorecallsomethingthathappenedrecentlyismorepronetodecline,beginninginthe60s.Hefoundlittledeclineinveryshort-termmemory,likerememberingatelephonenumberjustlookedup.

ApairofHarvardpsychologists,DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla,havedesignedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation;theyreportedthetestintheFebruaryissueofCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience.Theyaretheresearcherswhomthe69-year-oldprofessorspokewith.Theirtestcomparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup.

DrSchaie’sstudyhasfoundcertainpredictorsforgoodmentalfunctioninoldage.Theseincludeahighlevelofabilityinreadingcomprehensionandverbalfluency,asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement.Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator.“Thereislessmentaldeclineinpeoplewhoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces,”DrSchaieobserved.Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial.“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse,sincethisisyourmajorimmediatesocialenvironmentandsupport.”DrSchaiestated.

1.The69-year-oldwomanmentionedatthebeginningofthepassageisfindingitincreasingly（

）.

2.Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductivetotheveryendoflonglives.Thewriterofthepassagestatesthatsomeexperts.

3.DrSchaie’sfindingsrevealthat（

）.

4.DrSchaietellsusthattheaverage85-year-oldwomanislikelytohavelostagooddealofherabilityto（

）.

5.DrJackRowe,inadditiontoservingasdirectorofawell-knownmedicalschool,

6.DrRowesays,thereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherthepeopleinitbecome.”Thiscanbestbeparaphrased(re-stated)as.

7.WhichoftheseitemswouldDrMohsnotclassifyaspartofyourcrystallizedmemory?

8.WhatPowellandWhitlahavecreated（

）.

9.IfyouwereayoungmanthinkingofgettingmarriedandyouaskedDrSchaieforadvicehewouldprobablytellyouto（

）.

10.Thisarticle（

）.

11.Giventhattheaveragepersonisunlikelytoknowthatgeronto---istheGreekrootmeaning“oldperson”(seeline22),wemayreasonablyconcludethatthisarticleisintendedfor（

）.

12.Thewordchallenginginline7means（

）.

13.Thewordcognitiveinline9is（

）.

14.Theoppositeofflexibleinline52is（

）.

15.Thewordpromisinginline52means（

）.

问题1选项

A.difficulttorememberwhohercolleaguesare.

B.difficulttorecallsomeofhercolleagues’faces

C.difficulttorememberwhatsomeofhercolleaguesarecalled

D.easytoforgetthenameofherfaculty

E.easytoforgetwhatsomeofheryoungercolleaguesdointhefaculty

问题2选项

A.believethatsuchexamplesaremorecommonthangerontologistsformerlysupposed

B.arecertainthatsuchlateproductivityisimpossibleforordinarypeopleinotherwalksoflife

C.arealmostcertainthatinthefuturesuchlateproductivitywillbecomequiteordinary

D.suspectthatitiswrongtoregardsuchlateproductivityasabnormalratherthansimplyuncommon

E.rejecttheideathatsuchpeoplecanbetakenasmodelsfornormalhumanbeings

问题3选项

A.thepatternofmentaldeclineamongmenandwomenisvirtuallyidentical

B.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinwomen,butmuchlesssoinmen

C.amongolderwomen,inductivereasoningisjustasimpairedbyagingasisbasicmath

D.damagetoinductivereasoningamongtheelderlyisaboutequalformenandwomen

E.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinbothmenandwomen

问题4选项

A.usenumbersandunderstandlanguage

B.usenumbersandreadtimetables

C.readtimetablesandusemaps

D.understandlanguageandreadtimetables

E.learnnewfactsandusenumbers

问题5选项

A.istheheadofafoundationthatgivesmoneyforresearchontheproblemsoftheelderly

B.isoneofAmerica’stopgerontologistsstudyingoldpeoplewithabnormallyseverememoryloss

C.istheleaderofatightlycoordinatedresearchassociationstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

D.isresponsiblefordecidingwhichexpertsonsuccessfulagingwillgetresearchgrantsfromtheMacArthurFoundation

E.istheleaderofalooselycoordinatedgroupofresearchteamsstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

问题6选项

A.Theolderthepeopleinagroupget,themorecharacteristicstheyshareDifferencesbetweenindividualsinagroupdiminishasageincreases

B.Aspeopleage,certainsimilaritiesincrease,whileothersbecomelessmarked

C.Humanindividualsareverydissimilaratanyage;thisisnolesstrueaspeoplegrowolder

D.Overallresemblancesbetweenmembersofahumangroupdecreaseastheyearsgoby

问题7选项

A.Aheadlineinlastweek’snewspaper

B.Thedateofyoureldestchild’sbirth

C.Yourmother’sname

D.ThemeaningoftheEnglishword“geology”

E.Theformulaforfindingtheareaofatriangle

问题8选项

A.constitutesagreatadvanceincomputersoftware

B.comparessomeonelikethe69-year-oldwomanwithotherwomenandwithotherpeopleofvariousages,butnotwithotheruniversityinstructors

C.willprobablyconfirmmanyofDrSchaie’sfindingsandinvalidatethoseofDrMohs

D.shouldmakeiteasiertodeterminetherelativementalskillsoflargenumbersofpeople

E.willbeoflittleusetoDrSchaiebutveryvaluableforDrMohs

问题9选项

A.marrysomeonequietanddependable

B.seekunityandstabilityinyourmarriage

C.marrysomeonelivelyandcurious

D.avoidwomenwhoarealwaystryingtochangetheirsituations

E.choosesomeonewhowouldratherreadthantravel

问题10选项

A.islimitedtoadiscussionofDrSchaie’srecentresearch

B.surveysrecentdevelopmentsinthestudyofagingandtheelderly

C.givesanoverviewofrecentadvancesintheunderstandingoftherelationbetweenoldageandmentalactivities

D.isprimarilyacriticismoftheexcessiveconcentrationamongearliergerontologistsonseverememorylossbytheelderly

E.explainsrecentadvancesinscientificunderstandingofthephysicalmechanismsofmentaldeclineamongtheaged

问题11选项

A.gerontologistsinterestedinrecentdevelopmentsintheirfield

B.schoolchildrenbeingtaughthowtodealwithdifficultoldpeople

C.doctorswhoneedatechnicalsummaryofrecentadvancesinmentalresearch

D.university-educatedreaderscuriousaboutrecentworkingerontology

E.adultswithsecondary-schooleducationsorlesswhowanttoknowwhatwillhappentotheirmemoriesastheygrowolder

问题12选项

A.supporting

B.supplyingevidencefor

C.disproving

D.bringingintodoubt

E.suspicious

问题13选项

A.anadjectivepertainingtotheactofknowingandjudging

B.averbmeaningtoinventbysuingthepowerofone’sbrain

C.anounrelatedtothewordrecognize

D.anadjectivereferringtotheprocessofaging

E.anounmeaningamentalaction,especiallyoneinvolvingrecognition

问题14选项

A.easy

B.bending

C.difficult

D.strong

E.rigid

问题15选项

A.indicatingadefiniteresult

B.productive

C.stronglysuggestingpossibleresults

D.guaranteeingcertainresults

E.guaranteedbytheevidence

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:E

第3题:E

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:E

第15题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第一段:findithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers（发现自己很难记起曾经的同事的名字）。干扰项为C:很难记起一些自己的同事的名字。此处“一些”与原文不符。因此A项“很难记起自己的同事是谁”正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductive定位至第三段:Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay(一些专家说,某些艺术家和知识分子晚年的智力和创造性生产力，与其说是一种理想，不如说是一种例外)。由此可知E项“不认为这类人可以被当成普通人的模范”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干问的是DrSchaie的研究发现,据此定位至第五段第四、五句:Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s(最大的下降体现在基本的数学运算能力上。到80岁末的时候，男女的基本数学运算能力仅大约是其50岁时的一半)。故E项“男女计算能力的丧失都很严重”正确。B项“在计算能力丧失方面，女人比男人更严重”与第四、五句的句意不符。第五段第三句:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降程度不同，男女的下降程度也不同),可知知A项“男女智力下降的模式几乎是一致的”及D项“在归纳推理能力丧失方面，男女老年人大约是一致的”不正确。C项“在老年妇女中，归纳推理与基本数学能力因年龄增长而丧失的程度是一样”,文中没有提及。

4.细节事实题。第六段第三句:Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s(女人遭受的最严重智力下降之一被证明是在语言理解能力上，它在女人迈入70岁时下降的相对较少，但等他们到80岁的时，它就会很快下降差不多25%)及第三题的分析“85岁女人的数学运算能力也会大大降低”得知正确答案为A“使用数字及理解语言”。

5.细节事实题。第四段第三句说DrJackRowe是“aleadingexpertinthefield”(老年学研究领域的前沿专家)。第四句说:DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation(DrRowe领导一个受MacArthur基金赞助的有关成功老龄化的研究网络)。由此可知C项“是一个协调紧密的研究协会的领导，该协会研究如何保持老年健康”正确。

6.语义题。题干意思为:在老年人中，人与人之间的差异都很大：一组人的年龄越大，组员之间的差异就更大。因此E项“人类群体中成员间的整体相似性随年龄的増加而减少”正确。

7.推理判断题。第七段:“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage(固态记忆指经年累积的词汇或其它知识，其能很好地保持到年老时)。因此A项“上周报纸的一个标题”不属于固态记忆。

8.推理判断题。DrSchaie的研究发现:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降率不同，男女的下降率也不同)。DrRichardMons的研究发现:differentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging(不同类型的记忆在其易老化性上有所不同)。DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla的研究方式:designedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation(设计了一个关于长期和短期记忆、注意力、推理和计算等心理技能的计算机测试);comparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup(将一个人的分数与其他同龄人、中年人和其他专业人士的标准进行比较)。因此可知这些人的研究方向是有重叠的，故C项“将有可能证实DrSchaie的一些发现，却会让DrMons的发现失效”正确。

9.推理判断题。第九段:asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement（一份成功的事业或生活中的其它活动，退休后保持强烈的精神情趣）及whoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces（容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方）,这些都被DrSchaie认为是在年老时精神功能良好的预示，研究也发现仅仅与具有这些特点的人生活都是受益的（Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial）,并且DrSchaie说“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse（有一个高功能的配偶是有帮助的）。因此如果向DrSchaie征求关于寻找伴侣的意见,他更会建议“与一个充满活力与好奇心的人结婚”。

10.主旨大意题。文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系知C项“概述了在了解年龄增长与智力活动之间的关系方面取得的最新进展”正确。

11.主旨大意题。题干意思是:假如一般人不太可能知道geron是希腊语的词根，意思是“老人”（见第22行），我们可以合理地推断这篇文章针对的人群是。该文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系,而且专业性不是很强。因此D项“接受过大学教育并对老年学研究进展感兴趣的的读者”正确。

12.词义题。Challenging所在句:Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth(这些发现对一些基本假设提出了挑战，比如认为这种下降是衰老过程的自然组成部分，与一般健康状况无关),因此这里的challenging为动词,因此D项“质疑”正确。

13.词义题。cognitive（认知的，认识的）本身是形容词，可以直接排除B项(动词,表示…),C项与E项(名词,表示…)。Cognitive所在句:From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime(在80多岁自愿参加认知测试的人中，有20%到30%的人表现出色，30多岁和40多岁的人也表现出色，他们大概处于精神发育的最佳时期)。因此A项“与认识与判断行为相关的一个形容词”正确。

14.词义题。对aflexibleattitude的解释为:adapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces(容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方)。故flexible的意思为“灵活多变”。其反义词为E项“僵硬的，死板的”。

15.词义题。Promising所在句:Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator(中年时态度灵活也是一个很有前途的指标)。因此Promising表示”有希望的，有前途的”。故选C“有力地暗示可能结果”。

7.单选题

Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe（

）toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.

问题1选项

A.hadhad

B.has

C.had

D.wouldhave

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他本来会完成自己的大学教育，但是他却不得不放弃，然后找一份工作来养家。

语法题考查一般过去吋态。由句中关键词“wouldhavefinished本来会完成”表示对过去事情的假设,因此这里表示对过去情况的描述，故C项“had（其为动词have的过去时态）”正确。

8.单选题

HereintheUS,beforeagriculturalactivitiesdestroyedthenaturalbalance,thereweregreatmigrationsofRockyMountainlocusts.GreatmigratinghordesoftheseinsectsoncedarkenedtheskiesontheplainseastoftheRockieswherecropswereoftendestroyed;theworstyearswerethosefrom1874to1877.Oneofthesemigratingswarmswasestimatedtocontain124millionlocusts.DuringanothermigrationinNebraskaitwasestimatedtheswarmoflocustsaveragedhalfamilehighandwas100mileswideand300mileslong.Usually,theseswarmstakeofffromthegroundagainstthewind,but,onceairborne,theyturnandflywithit.Warmconvectioncurrentshelptoliftthemoftentogreatheights.Duringthegreatlocustplaguesthesituationbecamesoseriousthattheoriginalstateconstitutionhadtoberewrittentotakecareoftheeconomicproblems.Thenewdocumentwasknownas“GrasshopperConstitution”.Itisnowbelievedthattheselocustswereamigratoryformorphaseofthelessermigratorylocust,whichisstillcommonthere.Inthisrespect,theNorthAmericanmigratorylocustsresembletheirAfricanrelatives.Inbothregionsthemigratoryformsariseasaresultofcrowdingandclimaticfactors.Migratoryformsareapparentlynaturaladaptationswhichbringaboutdispersalwhenlocustpopulationsbecometoocrowded.Fortunatelyforourfarmers,themigratoryform,theso-calledspretusspecies,nolongerseemstooccurregularly,althoughtherewasaseriousoutbreakaslateas1938inmid-westernUnitedStatesandCanada.Actually,thereisnoreasonwhythedestructivemigratoryformmightnotagainappearifcircumstancesshouldbecomefavorable.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthestateconstitutionofNebraskawasrewritteninorderto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,NorthAmericanandAfricanmigratorylocustsaresimilarinthat（）.

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

问题1选项

A.TheLifeCycleofLocusts.

B.MigratoryLocustsintheUS.

C.LocustPlaguesinNebraska.

D.TheReproductiveCapabilityoftheLocust.

问题2选项

A.maketheconstitutionmoreunderstandabletothepublic

B.encouragethefarmerstoleavethestate

C.provideforaregularcensusofthelocuspopulation

D.solvedifficultiesthatresultedfromlossofcrops

问题3选项

A.theyalwaystraveltowardmountainousregions

B.theirdestructiveactivitiesoccuronlyinplainareas

C.climatesaffecttheirdevelopment

D.theyarebothmentionedinstateconstitutions

问题4选项

A.Theoutbreakoflocustsin1938wasmoreseriousthananyotherinhistory.

B.Nebraskafarmershadnolocustproblemsintheyears1874-1877.

C.ThereisapossibilitythatcropsintheUSmightbedestroyedbylocustsinthefuture.

D.ThereisachancethatAfricanmigratorylocustsmaymaketheirwaytotheUS.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨题。本文主要讲述了美国的两次蝗灾，下文接着提到了内布拉斯加州政府修订了州宪法来解决蝗虫带来的经济灾难，最后提出预测，如果条件允许，蝗虫依然会迁徙而带来灾害。所以整篇文章都关于蝗虫的迁徙。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章，“Duringthegreatlocustplaguesthesituationbecamesoseriousthattheoriginalstateconstitutionhadtoberewrittentotakecareoftheeconomicproblems.”，可知在蝗灾期间，情况变得如此严重，原来的州宪法不得不重写，以处理经济问题。可判断出内布拉斯加州的州宪法是为了解决因农作物减产而造成的经济问题。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章，“Inthisrespect,theNorthAmericanmigratorylocustsresembletheirAfricanrelatives.Inbothregionsthemigratoryformsariseasaresultofcrowdingandclimaticfactors.”，可知在迁移形式上，北美和非洲的蝗虫很相似。在这两个区域，迁徙形式都是由于拥挤和气候因素而产生的。可判断出北美和非洲的蝗虫相似原因在于气候影响。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章，“theworstyearswerethosefrom1874to1877.”，可知最糟糕的年份是1874年到1877年。可判断出1938年不是最严重的一年，选项A可排除。文中只提到1874-1877年遇到了蝗灾问题，并没有提及内布拉斯加州是否发生，选项B可排除。根据文章最后一句，“thereisnoreasonwhythedestructivemigratoryformmightnotagainappearifcircumstancesshouldbecomefavorable.”，可知如果情况有利，破坏性的迁移形式有可能会再次出现，并不能说明非洲蝗虫一定会迁徙到美国。选项D可排除。根据排除法，选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Michael（）heretoseeyouandhe（）anoteonyourdesk.

问题1选项

A.hascome;hadleft

B.hasbeen;hasleft

C.hascome;left

D.hasbeen;left

【答案】D

【解析】句意:迈克刚来这里看你，他留了一张便条在桌上。

语法题。考查时态。后文说“留了一张便条”,不强调对现在的影响,所以用一般过去时。那么前面应该表示的是“刚来过”。因此此处用“hasbeenhere”合适。

10.单选题

Topreserveone’sdignity,theequilibriumbetweenwidelydivergentimpulseshastobemaintained.

问题1选项

A.equality

B.confusion

C.distinction

D.poise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。equilibrium表示“平衡，均衡”。A项equality“平等，相等”，B项confusion“混淆，混乱”，C项distinction“区别，差别”，D项poise“平衡，姿势”；句意：为了维护一个人的尊严，必须保持迥然不同的冲动之间的平衡。根据句意该题选D。

11.单选题

SomeofthismeatcamefromCanada.Howabout（

）?

问题1选项

A.another

B.others

C.theother

D.therest

【答案】D

【解析】考查不可数名词的指代。meat是不可数名词，前面三个选项一般用来知道可数名词，所以不符合题意。选项D既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词，符合题意。句意：这里一部分肉来自加拿大，那剩下的呢？

12.单选题

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

问题1选项

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notasuch

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnosuchthingas…是习惯用法，意思为“没有…这样的事”。句意：土地归城市所有，没有土地私有这回事。因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。

13.单选题

Generallyspeaking,oldpeopleareusuallymore（）thanyoungpeople.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.progressive

C.conservative

D.constructive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项destructive“破坏的；毁灭性的”；B选项progressive“进步的；先进的”；C选项conservative“保守的”；D选项constructive“建设性的；推定的”。句意：通常来讲，老年人比年轻人更……。综合句意及选项判断可知，此处应表示老年人比年轻人“保守”，C选项正确。

14.单选题

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor（1）toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful（2）ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem（3）theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand（4）ofmosthighways,the（5）oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily（6）forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation（7）arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate（8）inmanyways,forthe（9）ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest（10）ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda（11）,suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable（12）,butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices（13）,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis（14）toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof（15）infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by（16）taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso（17）theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto（18）andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs（19）certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto（20）betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

问题1选项

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

问题2选项

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

问题3选项

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

问题4选项

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

问题5选项

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

问题6选项

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

问题7选项

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

问题8选项

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

问题9选项

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

问题10选项

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

问题11选项

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

问题12选项

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

问题13选项

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

问题14选项

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

问题15选项

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

问题16选项

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

问题17选项

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

问题18选项

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

问题19选项

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

问题20选项

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查逻辑关系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大镜”;horror“恐怖”;economy“经济”。文章开头第一句就讲到消费者与生产者会对经济产生影响，由此可以推出文章接下来要讲另一个影响因素，只有D符合题意。

2.考查词汇辨析。elevation”海拨，提高”;emotion“情感、情绪”;election“选举”;powerfuleffect“强大的影响力”,选项C符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏离、分叉”;clamp“夹住”。邮政系统属于服务行业，故选择B“服务”。

4.考查名词词义辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃烧、氧化”;commence“开始，着手”；maintenance“维修；维护”高速公路除了建设，还需要对其进行保养，才保证正常使用。选项D符合题意。

5.考查名词词义辨析。commonplace“老生常谈、司空见惯的事”;conductivity“导电性”;consequence“结果，后果”。高速公路建设与保养问题，涉及一个归属与责任权的问题，句中提到individualstates（各个州）。由此可知选B（责任）符合题意。

6.考查动词词义辨析。console“安慰”;compact“压缩、压紧”;bracket“把...归入同一类”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefund