考研考博-英语-四川商务职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川商务职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Televisionisoneoftoday’smostpowerfulandwidespreadmeansofmasscommunication.Itdirectlyinfluencesourlivesonbothashortandlongtermbasis;itbringsworldwidesituationsintoourhomes;itaffordsextensiveopportunitiesforacquiringhighereducation;anditperformsthesetasksinaconvenientyeteffectivemanner.Weareallawareofthepopularlyacceptedapplicationsoftelevision,particularlythoserelativetoentertainmentandnewsbroadcasting.

Television,however,hasalsobeenavitallinkinunmanneddeepspaceexploration(suchastheVoyagerIandIImissions)inprovidingvisionsfromhazardousareas(suchasproximitytoradioactivematerialsorenvironments)inunderwaterresearch,inviewingstormsmovingacrossametropolitanarea(thecamerabeingplacedinaweatherprotectiveenclosurenearthetopofatower),etc.Theearth’sweathersatellitesalsousetelevisioncamerasforviewingcloudcoverandmovementsfrom20.000milesinspace.Infraredfiltersareusedfornightviews,andseveralsystemsincludeaspinningmirrorarrangementtopermitwideareaviewsfromthecamera.Realizingtheunlimitedapplicationsfortoday'stelevision,onemaythuslogicallyponderthetruebenefitsofconfiningmostofourvideoactivitiestothemassentertainmentfield.

ConventionaltelevisionbroadcastingwithintheUnitedStatescentersaroundfreeenterpriseandpublicownership.Thisrequiresfundingbycommercialsponsors,andthusfunctionsinarevenueproducingbusinessmanner.TelevisioninUSSRsubjectedareas,conversely,isagovernmentownedandmaintainedarrangement.Whilesucharrangementseliminatetheneedforcommercialsponsorship,italsohasthepossibilityoflimitingthetypeofprogramsavailabletoviewers(anumberofpurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”,however,havebeenseenonthesegovernmentcontrollednetworks.Allisn’tasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize).

AhighlymodifiedformoftelevisioncalledSlowScanTVispresentlybeingusedbymanyAmateurRadiooperatorstoprovidedirectvisualcommunicationswithalmostanyareaoftheworld.ThisuniquevisualmoderecentlyallowedpeopleonthetinySouthPacificcountryofPitcairnIslandtoview,forthefirsttimeintheirlives,distantareas,andpeopleoftheworld.ThechiefradioAmateurandcommunicationsofficerofPitcairn,incidentally,isthelegendaryTomChristiangreat,greatgrandsonofTomChristianof“MutinyontheBounty”fame.RadioAmateursinmanylandsworkedtogetherforseveralmonthsestablishingvisualcapabilitiesforPitcairners.Theresultshaveprovenspectacular,yetthevisualcapabilitieshaveonlybeenusedforhealtheducationorwelfarepurposes.CommercialTVisstillunknowntonativesofthattinycountry.Numerousotherformsoftelevisionandvisualcommunicationhavealsobeenusedonsemirestrictedbasis.Thisindicatesthemanyuntappedareasofvideoandtelevisionwhichmaysoonbeexploitedonamorewidespreadbasis.Theoldclichéofapicturebeingworthathousandwordstrulyhasmerit.

1.Accordingtothepassage,applicationsoftelevisionareeasilyacceptedin（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueintheeyesofthewriter?

3.AccordingtothepassagetelevisioninUSSR

（

）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthortriestotelluspurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtelevisionprogramsis（

）.

问题1选项

A.metropolitanarea

B.deepspaceexploration

C.programsaboutentertainmentandnews

D.remoteareas

问题2选项

A.Applicationsoftelevisionarebeneficialtobigcities.

B.Applicationsoftelevisionarebelievedtobegoodactivities

C.Applicationsoftelevisionarerestrictedtotelevisionsystems.

D.Applicationsoftelevisionbenefittothemassentertainmentfield.

问题3选项

A.islimitedtoarevenueproducingbusinessmanner

B.requiresfundingbycommercialsponsors

C.putsawaytheneedofcommercialaid

D.isbadlyinneedofcommercialhelp

问题4选项

A.areasgoodasthoseintheU.S.

B.havebeenseenonmanygovernmentcontrollednetworks

C.areasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize

D.arenotasgloomyastheuninformedmight

问题5选项

A.positive

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.dangerous

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知电视在哪方面的运用更让人容易接受”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们都知道电视被广泛接受，尤其是那些与娱乐和新闻广播有关的内容”（Weareallawareofthepopularlyacceptedapplicationsoftelevision,particularlythoserelativetoentertainmentandnewsbroadcasting），因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，下面说法正确的是……”。文章第二段最后一句提到“意识到当今电视的无限应用，人们可能会理性地思考我们将大多数影像活动限制于大众娱乐领域而带来的真正好处”（Realizingtheunlimitedapplicationsfortoday'stelevision,onemaythuslogicallyponderthetruebenefitsofconfiningmostofourvideoactivitiestothemassentertainmentfield），由此可知选项D“电视使用受益的是大众娱乐”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，苏联的电视……”。文章第二段提到苏联的电视是受政府控制的，所以不需要赞助（TelevisioninUSSRsubjectedareas,conversely,isagovernmentownedandmaintainedarrangement），因此选项C“不需要商业支持”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章作者试图告诉我们与古典的Bewitched相似的纯娱乐节目……”。文章第三段提到“它也可能限制可供观众观看的节目类型（然而，在这些由政府控制的网络上，已经出现了一些类似经典的《入迷》的纯娱乐节目。与知情者可能不必要观看的节目相比，这些节目没有那么令人忧郁）”italsohasthepossibilityoflimitingthetypeofprogramsavailabletoviewers(anumberofpurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”,however,havebeenseenonthesegovernmentcontrollednetworks.Allisn’tasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize)，因此选项D符合题意。

5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对于电视节目的态度是……”。文章对电视节目各种好处进行了叙述，最后一段提到“这表明视频与电视的有很多还未被开发的用途，这些用途可能很快地在更广泛的基础上被开发出来”（Thisindicatesthemanyuntappedareasofvideoandtelevisionwhichmaysoonbeexploitedonamorewidespreadbasis），选项A“积极的”符合题意。

2.单选题

Whenwewatchaplayorafilm,weallrealizethatthecharactersaresometimes（

）.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.imaginable

C.imagined

D.imaginary

【答案】D

【解析】imaginative富于想象的，有创造力的；imaginable可想象到的；imagined想象的，构想的；imaginary虚构的，假想的。句意：当我们看戏剧或电影时，我们都知道角色有时是虚构的，选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Thefuelofthecontinentalmissileissupposedtobe（

）bythisdevice.

问题1选项

A.ignited

B.lighted

C.fired

D.inspired

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。ignite多用于指用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来；light指易燃物发光；fire指将某物点燃，使其燃烧；而inspire则强调灵感。句意：大陆导弹的燃料应该是由这个装置点燃的。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong（

）oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.

问题1选项

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Sponsor“赞助者”；contributor“捐赠者”；advocate“倡导者，支持者”；performer“表演者”。句意：很多老师都不再强烈倡导传统英语教学法了。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Judgingbythebookssold,thisyoungwriterseemstohaveastrong______overthereadingpublic.

问题1选项

A.personality

B.disgust

C.antipathy

D.hold

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项personality“个性，品格”，B项disgust“厌恶，嫌恶”，指对某事物的强烈厌恶或不赞成的感觉，C项antipathy“反感，厌恶，憎恶”，指对某人或某事强烈的反感，D项hold“控制，影响，保留”。由Judgingbythebookssold“从售出的书来判断”可知，haveastrong______overthereadingpublic中的空格处表示“影响”符合语境。句意：从售出的书来看，这位年轻作家似乎对读者有很强的影响力。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

Successatlanguageis（）ofintelligence.

问题1选项

A.amorematterofapplicationthan

B.amattermoreofapplicationthan

C.amatterofapplicationmorethan

D.moreamatterofapplicationthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:语言的成功与其说是智力问题，不如说是应用问题。

语法题。考查比较结构。amatterof“事关……的事”，四个选项中，只有D项符合正确表达。

7.单选题

Theirnewpolicygave______toincreasedunemployment.

问题1选项

A.arise

B.arouse

C.raise

D.rise

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项arise“产生；发生；出现（常用于抽象事物）”；B选项arouse“引起；唤醒；鼓励；激发”；C选项raise“提高；筹集；养育；升起；饲养，种植”（及物动词，表示把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽象事物）；D选项rise“攀升；起床；升起；休会；（数量）增加；变得更成功”（使用范围广，既用于具体事物的“上升、增长”，又用于抽象事物的“上涨”）。根据固定搭配giveriseto“引起；导致；造成；产生”可知句意为：他们的新政策导致更多人失业。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.ThisistheunorthodoxviewofaGermansoilscientistwhohasshownthatburntclearingsintheAmazon,datingbackmorethan1,000years,helpedcreatepatchesofrich,fertilesoilthatfarmersstillbenefitfromtoday.

Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.Thismeanstopsoilcontainsfewoftheingredientsneededforlong-termsuccessfulfanning.

ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.Thesesoilscontainlotsoforganicmatter.Glaserhasshownthatmostofthisfertileorganicmattercomesfrom"blackcarbon"——theorganicparticlesfromcampfiresandcharred（烧成炭的）woodleftoverfromthousandsofyearsofslash-and-burnfanning.“Thesoils,knownasTerraPreta,containedupto70timesmoreblackcarbonthanthesurroundingsoil，”saysGlaser.Unbumtvegetationrotsquickly,butblackcarbonpersistsinthesoilformanycenturies.RadiocarbondatingshowsthatthecharredwoodinTerraPretasoilsistypicallymorethan1,000yearsold.

“Slash-and-burnfarmingcanbegoodforsoilsprovideditdoesn’tcompletelyburnallthevegetation,andleavesbehindcharredwood,”saysGlaser.“Itcanbebetterthanmanure（粪肥）Burningtheforestjustoncecanleavebehindenoughblackcarbontokeepthesoilfertileforthousandsofyears.Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.Contrarytotheconventionalviewthathumanactivitiesdamagetheenvironment,Glasersays:“BlackcarboncombinedwithhumanwastesisresponsiblefortherichnessofTerraPretasoils.”

TerraPretasoilsturnupinlargepatchesallovertheAmazon,wheretheyarehighlyprizedbyfanners.Allthepatchesfallwithin500squarekilometersinthecentralAmazon.Glasersaysthewidespreadpresenceofpotteryconfirmsthesoil’shumanorigins.ThefindingsaddweighttothetheorythatlargeareasoftheAmazonhaverecoveredsowellfrompastperiodsofagriculturalusethattheregrowthhasbeenmistakenbygenerationsofbiologistsfor“virgin”forest.Duringthepastdecade,researchershavediscoveredhundredsoflargeearthworksdeepinthejungle.Theyareupto20metershighandcoveruptoasquarekilometer.Glaserclaimsthattheseearthworks,builtbetweenAD400and1400,wereattheheartofurbancivilizations.NowitseemstherichnessoftheTerraPretasoilsmayexplainhowsuchcivilizationsmanagedtofeedthemselves.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatthetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarmingisthat（

）.

2.Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecause

（

）.

3.Glasermadehisdiscoveryby

（

）.

4.WhatdoesGlasersayabouttheregrowthofrain-forests?

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.itdoesnoharmtothetopsoiloftherain-forest

B.itdestroysrainforestsoils

C.ithelpsimproverain-forestsoils

D.itdiminishestheorganicmatterinrain-forestsoils

问题2选项

A.thecompositionofthetopsoilisratherunstable

B.blackcarboniswashedawaybyheavyrains

C.organicmatterisquicklylostduetoheatandrain

D.long-termfarminghasexhaustedtheingredientsessentialtoplantgrowth

问题3选项

A.studyingpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon

B.examiningpotteryleftoverbyancientcivilizations

C.test-burningpatchesoftreesinthecentralAmazon

D.radiocarbon-datingingredientscontainedinforestsoils

问题4选项

A.Theytakecenturiestoregrowafterbeingburnt.

B.Theycannotrecoverunlessthevegetationisburntcompletely.

C.Theirregrowthwillbehamperedbyhumanhabitation.

D.Theycanrecovereasilyafterslash-and-burnfarming.

问题5选项

A.humanactivitieswilldogravedamagetorain-forests

B.Amazonrain-forestsoilsusedtobetherichestintheworld

C.farmingisresponsibleforthedestructionoftheAmazonrain-forests

D.thereonceexistedanurbancivilizationintheAmazonrain-forests

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由题干可知，我们需要找的是“thetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarming对于刀耕火种的传统观点”，这一信息出现在文章第一段“Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.低水平的刀耕火种并不会损害雨林。相反，它有助于农民和改善森林土壤。”文中出现了onthecontrary就说明出现了观点对比，且后面补充说到“Thisistheunorthodoxview这是一种非正统的观点”因此本句就是与传统观点相悖的地方。由此推出传统观点“刀耕火种会损害雨林”。B选项“它破坏雨林土壤”符合题意。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键信息“thinandpoor薄且贫瘠”定位到文章第二段第一句“Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.大多数雨林土壤都很贫瘠，因为它们缺乏矿物质，而且高温和强降雨会在土壤中的大部分有机物到达森林地面后的四年内将其破坏。”因此原因在于高温和强降雨会使土壤中有机物质迅速流失，这一点与C选项同义。

3.事实细节题。Glaser的研究结论由何而来，由题干定位到第三段第一句“ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.但是，拜罗伊特大学的土壤科学家布鲁诺•格拉泽(BrunoGlaser)研究了亚马逊中部出人意料的肥沃土壤。”说明Glaser是研究了亚马逊中部意外发现的肥沃土壤才有了上述结论，因此A选项“研究亚马逊中部的肥沃土壤”正确。

4.观点态度题。题干关键信息“theregrowthofrain-forests雨林的再生”出现在文章第四段倒数第二句“Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.雨林在小规模的清理后很容易再生。”对比四个选项发现D选项“在刀耕火种后，他们很容易恢复。”符合文意。

5.判断推理题。A选项“人类活动将对热带雨林造成严重破坏”不符合文意，本文只是论述“刀耕火种创造的肥沃土壤使亚马逊中的文明得以存在”这一观点；B选项“亚马逊雨林的土壤曾经是世界上最肥沃的”文中并未提及；C选项“农业对亚马逊雨林的破坏负有责任”不属于文章论述的主要观点；D选项“在亚马逊雨林中曾经存在着一种城市文明”出现在文章最后一段，研究者发现亚马逊雨林中存在陶器及上百座大土方，推知古代在这里存在过人类文明。因此D选项正确。

9.问答题

Neverbeforehasflyingbeensocontroversial.Inthespaceoftwoyears,theenvironmentaldamagedonebyplaneshasgonefrombeingsomethingquietlydiscussedbyscientistsandcommittedenvironmentalists,toaheadline-grabbingissuenoonecanignore.

Eventhosewhoflyonceortwiceayearonholidaycan’thelpbutfeelagrowingsenseofguilt,whilethoseoptingfortripsbycar,trainorferryhaveaself-righteousspringintheirsteps.

(1)Now,however,thebacklashisbeginning.Thetourismandaviationindustriesaremobilizing,andpointingoutsomeawkwardfacts.Didyouknowthatsomeferriesemitfarmorecarbondioxidethansomeplanes?Thatdrivingcanreleasetwiceasmuchcarbonasflying?AnewreportfromBalpa,thepilot’sunion,evenclaimsthatplanescanbebetterthantrain.

(2)WhiletherearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrowtoprotesttheairtravel,inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp.LookingoutfromacliffoverthedesertsofSamburulandisastunninghotel,theO1MaloEco-Lodge.Revenuefromthesmallnumberofvisitingtouristshasallowedthe5,000acresaroundittobetransformedfromover-grazedcattleranchtoaconservationsite.MoreimpressivestillistheO1Maloeyeproject.Upto80percentofadultsintheareasuffersightloss,sotheO1MaloTrustrunsregularsurgicalcamps,bringingdoctorsfromtheUKtotreatthem.InJanuary,thecampgave102peoplebacktheirsight.“It’sverysimple—allofourvisitorsflyhere,”saidJuliaFrancombe,thefounder.“Iftheystoppedcoming,itwouldkillus.”

Onethingonwhichallsidesagreeisthataviationisbooming,soitbecomescrucialtodevelopnewandlesspollutingaircraft.Airbus’sclaimthatitcansavetheworldwiththeA380maybefar-fetched,butits(3)“gentlegiant”planeisfarmoreefficientandquieterthanthoseof20yearsago.

Someenvironmentalists,however,scorntheseadvances,sayingsuchmeasuresarea(4)“delusion.”“Theaviationindustryislikelytovastlyoverstatethegainsthatcanbemadefromtechnologicalimprovementsbutsadlyaclimatefriendlyplaneisn’tonthehorizon,”saysEmilyArmisteadofGreenpeace.

(5)Sothequestionis:whodoyoubelieve?

【答案】答：

1.Thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease.

2.Ononehand,campaignerswhoplottheircampinEnglandaimtoagainsttheairtravel;Ontheotherhand,theothercampsinKenyademonstratethenecessityofflying.

3.bassandlarge-scale

4.vainattempttowardairpollutantproblems

5.Thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport.

【解析】1.原句句意是：然而，现在反弹开始了。结合上下文句意分析，上文提到飞机造成环境破坏已经成为了一个头条新闻，而那些选择开车、乘火车或渡轮旅行的人则有一种自以为是的春天；接着第三段提到一些渡轮排放的二氧化碳比一些飞机排放的要多得多，由此可知backlash指的是除飞机以外的交通工具污染开始得到人们的关注。故改写为Thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease（其他交通工具造成的污染也开始增加）。

2.原句句意是：虽然有一些活动人士在希思罗机场设立营地来抗议肯尼亚的航空旅行，在肯尼亚，人们正在制定一个截然不同的营地计划。希思罗机场是英国的，所以可以将therearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrow改写为campaignerswhoplottheircampinEngland（策划在英国扎营的活动人士）；另外，肯尼亚的人们制定一个截然不同的营地计划，通过“averydifferent”可知，这个计划是和抗议肯尼亚的航空旅行相反的，所以inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp可以改写为theothercampsinKenyademonstratethenecessityofflying（肯尼亚的其他营地证明了飞行的必要性）。

3.这一句的句意是：空客声称它可以用A380拯救世界的说法可能有些牵强，但是它的“温柔的巨型”飞机比20年前的飞机效率更高，噪音更小。Gentlegiant带引号，这是一种比喻的说法，是用来修饰后面的plane（飞机），gentle原意是“温和的”，根据语境这里是表示“噪音小，声音低”，giant原意是“巨大的”，这里是表示飞机“体积大”，所以改写为bassandlarge-scale（低音和大规模）。

4.这一句的句意是：然而，一些环保主义者鄙视这些进步，称这些措施是一种“妄想”。由此可知delusion表示“妄想”，所以可以改写为vainattempt（妄想）；另外为了细化句子的意思，添加towardairpollutantproblems（针对空气污染问题）用来起补充说明的作用。

5.原句句意是：所以问题是：你相信谁？这一句是文章的总结句，整篇文章就飞机造成环境污染的问题的争论，对正反两个阵营进行阐述，最后一句的意思就是“你支持哪一种说法”，所以可以改写为Thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport（问题是你决定支持哪一方）。

10.单选题

Inspiteofmyrepeatedapologies,sheneverforgavemeformy（

）herprivateaffairs.

问题1选项

A.potentialfor

B.expertiseof

C.intrusioninto

D.injectioninto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项potentialfor“有……潜能/可能”；B选项expertiseof“……专业技能/知识”；C选项intrusioninto“侵入，侵犯，侵扰”；D选项injectioninto“注射，注入”。由privateaffairs（隐私）可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：尽管我一再道歉，但她不会原谅我侵犯了她的隐私。

11.单选题

Afternewspaperreportsclaimedthecompanywasdumpingtoxicwasteillegally.Itcameunder（）fromtheauthorities.

问题1选项

A.insult

B.solitude

C.nuisance

D.scrutiny

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项insult“侮辱”；B选项solitude“孤独”；C选项nuisance“损害”；D选项scrutiny“详细审查”。句意：在报纸报道这家公司非法倾倒有毒废料之后，它受到了当局的审查。本句表示公司受到审查。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Takeaholidayfromwork.

B.Worrylessaboutwork.

C.Takesomesleepingpills.

D.Workhardertoforgetallhertrouble.

【答案】B

【解析】W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleeptonight?

M:Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork.Iknow,Iknow,easiersaidthandone.

W:ShouldIstayhomefromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary,justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdidthedoctorsuggestthewomando?

【解析】细节题。医生建议：Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork（少想工作），故选B。

13.单选题

Whenhecameouttothelobbytohelpusfindataxiaswewereabouttoheadforthe

airport,wethankedhimforallthehelpshehadgivenusduringourstayandinvited

himtolookusupinShanghaiifheeverfoundhimselfthere.

问题1选项

A.aswewereabouttoheadfor

B.helpshehadgivenus

C.lookusupin

D.everfoundhimselfthere.

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。名词的数误用。Helps改为help。Help表示“帮助”时,是不可数名词。

14.单选题

Ahumanbeingisquitea______creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsandinsecurityisthinandofteneasilybreached.

问题1选项

A.ludicrous

B.logical

C.frail

D.valiant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐的”，B项logical“逻辑的”，C项frail“脆弱的，虚弱的”，D项valiant“英勇的，勇敢的”。根据关键词thin“薄的，瘦的”和easilybreached“很容易被打破”，可知填入C项符合语境。句意：人类是一种非常脆弱的生物，因为掩盖恐惧和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱，而且经常很容易被打破。因此，该题选择C项正确。

15.单选题

InItaly,itisgoodmannersforaman[A]togreetanothermanwithanembraceandakiss[B]oneverycheek.[C]NotsoinSouthTexas,wheremenstand3feetapartand[D]at90degreeanglestoconversewithoneanother.Allcultureshaverulesandifyouviolatethem,youwillbeexcluded.

问题1选项

A.greetanotherman

B.oneverycheek

C.NotsoinSouthTexas

D.at90degreeangles

【答案】B

【解析】考查代词用法。B选项中的every指三个或以上的人或事物的全体，而一个人的脸颊只有两边，应将every改为each。

16.单选题

Inlateautumnswallowsflysouthtomuchwarmerlands,wheretheycanfindplentyofthesmallflyinginsectsonwhichthey（

）.

问题1选项

A.arefed

B.eat

C.rely

D.feed

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。feedon“以…为食”，燕子以飞虫为食，两者之间是主动的关系，故排除A。句意：在晚秋时节，小燕子向南飞向更暖和的地方，在那里它们能找到许多可以当作食物的小飞虫。答案D

17.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

46.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit______.

47.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,______.

48.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach______.

49.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

50.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,impureresults

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】46.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“要定义科学，我们可以简单地把科学称之为……”。第一段最后一句提到Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设科学被定义为分类的知识），由此可知D项“分类的知识”正确。A项“对不相关学科的研究”，原文未提及，A项不选。B项“解释自然现象的一种尝试”，第二段第四句提到Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.（例如，假设和理论是试图解释自然现象），因此B项错误。C项“对不相关领域的研究”，原文也未提及，C项错误。因此该题选D。

47.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“导致了显微镜问世的纯科学是……”。文章中最后一段最后两句指出oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopurescienceisnotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（我们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现；许多献身于纯科学的科学家并没有因为忽视了他们发现的实用性而感到抱歉；他们从经验中知道，大多数知识最终都会得到应用），由此可知显微镜的问世是先于细胞的发现，且纯科学先于应用科学，故B项“必然先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”正确，由此可知D项“这是应用科学和细胞发现的必然结果”是不正确的。A项“可能导致反科学、不纯的结果”和C项“并不总是像我们想象的那样纯粹”文中都没有提及。因此该题选B。

48.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“一个对扩展我们关于氧气的一般知识感兴趣的科学家可能会称他的方法为……”。根据第四段Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes（实际上，发现新信息有两种基本方法。一种旨在满足好奇心，被称为纯科学；另一种则是将知识用于特定目的。）可以推断，对于扩展我们关于氧气的一般知识感兴趣的科学家的方法是一种纯科学，因此C项“纯科学”符合题意。A项“应用科学”错误；B项“农业科学”和D项“环境科学”文中都没有提到。因此该题选C。

49.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一种说法？”。文章最后一句话提到Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（许多献身于纯科学的科学家并没有因为忽视了他们发现的实用性而感到抱歉；他们从经验中知道，大多数知识最终都会得到应用。），由此可知从事理论研究的科学家不应该因忽视其发现的应用而受到责备，因为大多数的理论最终都能得到应用，故A项“从事理论研究的科学家不应该因为忽视他们的发现的实用方面而受到指责”正确。B项“今天很少有人对科学的意义有任何概念”，文章首句提到Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.（“科学”这个词在现代社会被如此频繁地听到，以至于几乎每个人都对它的含义有一些概念），由此可知B项错误。C项“在科学上，区分事实和虚构并不难”，第二段第一句提到Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.（即使在真正的科学中，区分事实和虚构也并不总是容易的），可知C项错误。D项“务实的人能够理解纯科学的意义和目的”，最后一段第一句提到Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.（有时，注重实际的人忽视了纯科学的意义，只想到它能立即应用于经济回报。）可知，D项也错误。因此该题选A。

50.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么？”。从文章大意中可知，全文都在围绕科学在每个人心中的定义与重视理论与实践的科学家进行论述，故A项“科学的本质与科学家”更能概括全文。B项“生物学和科学时代”，文章只在第三段提到了生物学；C项“假设和理论”只是第二段的一个例子；D项“论区分事实与虚构”只在第二段提到过。因此该题选A。

18.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog（占道者）,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontot