考研考博-英语-四川幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Itisourfirm（）thatastepforwardhasbeentakenandwillbringthecountrybacktoeconomicprosperity.

问题1选项

A.conviction

B.empowerment

C.imperative

D.proposition

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。conviction确信，证明；empowerment许可，授权；imperative命令，需要，势在必行；proposition提议，命题。句意：我们坚信，已经向前迈出了一步，并将使国家恢复经济繁荣。选项A符合句意。

2.翻译题

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(5points)

Theintellectualpropertiesincludetwomainparts:theindustrialpropertiesandthepublishingproperties.Theindustrialpropertyprotectionismainlyconcernedwiththeprotectionoftheinventionsintrademarksanddesignsofindustrialproducts.Italsostipulatestheprohibitionofimpropercompetition.Theformerthreeaspectshavesomethingincommonfortheirexclusivemethodsinprotectingintellectualproperties,suchasinventions,trademarksandtheproductsurfaceoutlooks,etc.However,ithasnothingtodowiththepatentrightsinprohibitingunfaircompetition.Itismainlyaboutthepreventionofunfaircompetitionsindishonestbusinessbehaviors.

【答案】【参考译文】

知识产权包括两个主要部分：工业产权和版权。工业产权主要是对发明﹑商标和工业品外观设计的保护，以及制止不正当竞争。前三项有一些共同点，因为它们在保护知识产权方面具有独特性，如发明、商标、产品外观等。然而，制止不正当竞争和专利权无关，它主要是关于防止不正当竞争的不诚实的商业行为。

3.单选题

Studieshaveprovedthatsmartpeopletendtobesmartacrossdifferentkindsof（

）.

问题1选项

A.institutions

B.occasions

C.characters

D.realms

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。institution“机构，制度”；occasion“场合，机会”；character“性格，角色”；realm“领域，范围”。句意为：研究表明，聪明的人容易在各个不同的领域都表现得很聪明。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

MostofuswillnotwantmercykillingoreuthanasiauntilthelastminuteandevenassistedsuicidecampaignerslikeTimothyLearyoftenbackoutoftheactanddienaturaldeaths.

问题1选项

A.propup

B.flinch

C.fallbehind

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们大多数人直到最后一刻才会想要安乐死或临终关怀，甚至像蒂莫西•利里这样的协助自杀活动家也常……这一行为，选择自然死亡。A选项propup“支撑”；B选项flinch“退缩；畏惧”；C选项fallbehind“拖欠；落后”；D选项retain“保持；保留”。“这一行为”指的是安乐死，既然这位协助自杀活动家选择了自然死亡，那么B选项“畏惧”符合题意。

5.翻译题

紧跟世界新军事革命加速发展的潮流，积极稳妥进行国防和军队改革，推动中国特色军事变革深入发展。坚持以创新发展军事理论为先导，着力提高国防科技工业自主创新能力，深入推进军队组织形态现代化，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系。高度关注海洋、太空、网络空间安全，积极运筹和平时期军事力量运用，不断拓展和深化军事斗争准备，提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务能力。

【答案】答：

Weshouldcloselyfollowthenewglobalmilitaryrevolutionthatisgatheringpace,advancereformofournationaldefenseandarmedforcesinabothactiveandprudentway,anddeepenmilitarytransformationwithChinesecharacteristics.Withinnovativemilitarytheoriestakingthelead,weshouldenhanceourcapacityforinnovationindefense-orientedresearchandindustries,modernizethemilitaryorganizationalstructure,andbuildasystemofmodernmilitaryforceswithChinesecharacteristics.Weshouldattachgreatimportancetomaritime,spaceandcyberspacesecurity.Weshouldmakeactiveplanningfortheuseofmilitaryforcesinpeacetime,expandandintensifymilitarypreparedness,andenhancethecapabilitytoaccomplishawiderangeofmilitarytasks,themostimportantofwhichistowinlocalwarinaninformationage.

6.单选题

Thisproductis（）tochangewithoutnotice.

问题1选项

A.despite

B.evil

C.subject

D.crust

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。besubjectto“受支配，从属于；常遭受……；有……倾向的”。A选项despite的常用搭配有indespiteof/despiteof不管，不顾；B选项evil的常用搭配有speakevilof说坏话；诽谤/doevil作恶；为非作歹；干坏事；造孽；D选项crust“地壳，地表，坚硬外壳”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本产品（）更换，恕不另行通知。根据句意可知C选项更符合句意，因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinthemarketplace.Ifelttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstothefloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.Accordingtothewriter,thewomaninthemarketplace.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

3.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（

）.

4.Whenthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（

）

.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.refusedtospeaktoher

B.waspleasantandattractive

C.wassellingskirtsandribbons

D.recognizeherimmediately

问题2选项

A.Thewriterwasusedtobargaining.

B.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

C.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

D.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

问题3选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable.

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney.

C.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore.

D.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining.

问题4选项

A.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic.

B.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely.

C.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

D.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling.

问题5选项

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

C.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

D.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“shemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.就像我通常见到的老挝女子一样，她走起路来悠闲而又可爱”，可知选项B“很讨人喜欢和有吸引力”符合题意，因此B正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段“Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.我决定买下其中一条裙子，而且我开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲买东西讨价还价是习惯。在老挝，讨价还价是以一种轻声细语，十分平静的形式不紧不慢地进行的”。由此可知A选项是没有提及的，故答案选A。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第六段第二句“ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.她对我能够用老挝语和她说上几句话感到很开心，尽管这些话全是数字，她看得出我懂得讨价还价之间的小玩笑”和第四句“shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.她很开心，所以她意外的接受我最后的定价”，可知选项D为最佳答案。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第八段“Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.我学会了如何保护自己不受困难的影响；不知不觉中，我也学会了如何保护自己抵制软弱和随和。”由此可知正确答案选D。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第十段“Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asif...没有什么可以抵御慷慨，而这一次我哭了，非常伤心……”文章第九段说作者从市场回来，再次检查买回来的裙子，发现里面夹杂五条扎头发的丝绸带，比自己买的多了两根。她被这种情绪感动了。故选项D为最符合语境的答案。

8.单选题

Thediscoveryofthesunkenship（

）ancientshipbuildingtechniquesandtradingroutes.

问题1选项

A.madesenseof

B.tookchargeof

C.gotaroundto

D.shedlighton

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词组辨析。madesenseof弄清……的意思；tookchargeof负责，接管；gotaroundto开始考虑做……；shedlighton使……清楚地显出。句意：沉船的发现为人们对古代造船技术和航运贸易路线的研究提供了线索。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(类固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

问题2选项

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

问题3选项

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

问题4选项

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

问题5选项

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段主要说明了什么是肥胖及什么导致了肥胖，第二段至第五段讨论了肥胖会导致的各种健康问题，最后一段说明了减肥失败的原因。因此D项“肥胖会导致许多严重的健康问题”符合文章大意。

第2题:细节事实题。A:肥胖通常与类固醇等药物有关。第一段赞成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（类固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少数情况下，肥胖是由甲状腺功能减退等疾病或服用能导致体重增加的如类固醇药物造成的）。因此A项不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不会影响一个人得癌症的几率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B项错误。C:肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄、性别和体型的正常体重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定义为脂肪的积累超过了就一个人的年龄、性别和体型而言被认为是正常的水平）。因此C项正确。D:在当今社会，肥胖已经不再是一个问题了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在当今社会，肥胖被认为是一种疾病）。因此D项不符合原文所述。本题选C。

第3题:细节事实题。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（节食并不能教会人们如何正确饮食。他们只是暂时限制食物摄入，所以当饮食结束时，体重又会恢复增长）。因此A项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:对老年人来说，减肥是不明智的。B:有些手术减肥方法比节食减肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要减掉多余的体重。D:肥胖的人应该向医生咨询减肥的利与弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人员发现，减肥可能比超重带来的危险更大。一些研究人员反驳说，超重每年间接导致30多万人死亡。由此推断，是否应减肥还应向医生咨询，故选D。

第5题:判断推理题。A:肥胖不是一个主要的健康风险。文章提及很多肥胖导致的健康问题，因此A项并不能被推断出。B:科学家们一致认为肥胖和死亡之间存在联系。第五段有指出：关于肥胖与死亡的关系，有很多不同观点，因此B项也不能被推断出。C:胖人有可能受到他人对自己的偏见。D:肥胖的人经常把自己的状况归咎于别人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被与懒惰、失败或意志力不足联系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人责怪他们自己太重，从而导致内疚和沮丧的感觉。由此推断，C项正确，D项不正确。本题选C。

10.单选题

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

问题2选项

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

问题3选项

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

问题4选项

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

问题5选项

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据题干关键词“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是为了确保树木按照所需要的形状或大小生长）。因此，B项为正确答案。

2.根据题干关键词“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的树枝可以促进树木的健康）。因此推测，树木中心的树枝太多不利于树木的生长，A项为正确答案。

3.根据题干关键词“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在树木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是为了防止病害从树木切口进入，B项为正确答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝会给树木带来更多的伤害）。由此推测，好的园丁只是在必要的时候才修剪树木，C项为正确答案。

5.通篇作者在阐述什么情况下修剪树木并且详细介绍了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪树木方面给予实践指导，A项为正确答案。

11.单选题

Thehousewasveryquiet,（

）asitwasonthesideofamountain.

问题1选项

A.isolated

B.isolating

C.beingisolated

D.havingbeenisolated

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这栋房子非常安静，由于它在山麓上而被隔离开了。后半句句子的主语是it,指代前面的house，house与isolate是动宾关系，即“房子被隔离”，因此应该用过去分词形式。根据句意，选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Theseinstruments,whichbreakupstructuresonlytoexaminethemmorefully,demonstratehowdetailscanbe（）andseparatedfromthewhole.

问题1选项

A.amplified

B.magnified

C.exemplified

D.signified

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。amplify“扩大，放大”，多指将声音或者电流放大；magnify“放大”，多指通过放大镜等物品将影像扩大；exemplify“示例”；signify“表示，意指”。句意：通过将设备打开而进行更详细的检查，这些工具展示了如何将细节扩大并把它们从整体中区分开来。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom—albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKornFerryestimatesat$5.lmperfirm.

Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent’thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.

Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin200214%oftheboardsofS&P500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.

Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenseagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukandAlmaCohen,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.

Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirfulltermbeforeintroducingasysteminwhichtheyareallreelected(orotherwise)annually.Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.

56.TheSarbanes-Oxleyactismostprobablyabout____.

57.Theword“backlash”mostprobablymeans____.

58.Accordingtothetext,separatingtherolesbetweenchairmanandchiefexecutiveis____.

59.Welearnfromthetextthata“staggered”board____.

60.TowardtheboardpracticeofAmericancompanies,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe____.

问题1选项

A.corporatecost

B.corporatescandal

C.corporategovernance

D.corporatemanagement

问题2选项

A.aviolentforce

B.astrongimpetus

C.afirmmeasure

D.astrongnegativereaction

问题3选项

A.whatmanyEuropeancompaniesdo

B.notapopularideaamongAmericanentrepreneurs

C.acommonpracticeinAmericancompanies

D.amusttokeepthehealthofacompany

问题4选项

A.canbevotedownbyshareholders

B.givesitsboardmemberstoomuchpower

C.hasbeenabolishedbymostAmericancompanies

D.isadversetotheincrementoffirmvalue

问题5选项

A.objective

B.pessimistic

C.biased

D.critical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】56.判断推理题。题干“Sarbanes-Oxley法案最有可能是关于____的”，可定位到第1段第2句Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom…（今年11月12日公布的审查结果显示，Sarbanes-Oxley法案对董事会产生了影响。Sarbanes-Oxley法案于2002年通过，旨在防止像Enron和WorldCom这样的公司倒闭事件重演。）由此可知，审查发现，该法案防止公司倒闭的措施对董事会产生了影响。根据此句前一句TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.（猎头公司KornFerry对美国公司董事会做法的年度评估，是衡量公司治理健康与否的有用指标。）由此可知，该审查是衡量corporategovernance（企业管治）的，由此推断，该法案是关于corporategovernance（企业管治）的，C选项“corporategovernance（企业管治）”与原文表述一致。干扰选项D“corporatemanagement（企业管理经营）”，与原文表述有出入，由于原文使用的是corporategovernance，所以，C选项比D选项更合适；A选项“企业成本”、B选项“企业丑闻”不符合语境，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

57.词义推测题。根据题干关键词定位到第2段第2句Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.（但令人惊讶的是，一些事情没有受到对企业丑闻的____的影响。）后文有针对该观点进行举例。Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.（例如，尽管越来越多的人认为前首席执行官不应该进入他们公司的董事会，但他们进入董事会的美国公司的比例实际上已经从2003年的23%上升到2004年的25%。）由案例可知，前首席执行官进入董事会的比例并没有受到越来越多人反对的影响。由此推断“越来越多人持反对观点”是一种backlash，所以backlash的意思应该是负面的。另外，根据单词backlash中的back推断，该词的词义是“反—，往回—”，综合而言，D选项“一种强烈的负面反应”更符合语境。A选项“一种强烈的力量”、B选项“一个强大的动力”的情感基调不对，排除；C选项“一个强力的措施”，没有依据说明是“措施”，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

58.判断推理题。题干“根据文章，拆分董事长和首席执行官的职位____”，可定位到第3段。A、B选项，可定位到第3段最后一句AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.（今年早些时候，麦肯锡咨询公司（McKinsey）的一项调查发现，70%的美国董事和投资者支持拆分职位的想法，这在欧洲是一种标准做法。）由此可知，拆分董事长和首席执行官的做法在欧洲是一种标准做法，所以A选项“许多欧洲公司这样做”表述符合原文。另外，70%的美国董事和投资者支持拆分职位的想法，说明这个观点还是比较受美国董事和投资者欢迎的，B选项“在美国企业家中并不受欢迎”表述不符合原文，排除；C选项“是美国公司的惯例”，可定位到第3段第1句Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.（同样令人失望的是，很少有公司将董事长和首席执行官的职位分开。）由此可知，虽然不少美国的董事和投资者支持拆分职位，但是很少有公司真正这么做，选项表述与原文不符，排除；D选项“公司的健康发展是必不可少的”，原文并未提及，排除；因此，本题最佳选项为A。

59.事实细节题。题干“我们从课文中得知，一个‘交错’董事会____”，可定位到第4、5段。A选项“可以被股东投票否决”，可定位到第5段倒数第2句Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.（其他公司的分级董事会制度在公司章程中根深蒂固，股东投票无法修改公司章程。）由此可知，“交错”董事会无法被股东投票否决，选项表述与原文不符，排除；B选项“给予董事会成员过多的权力”，可定位到第4段第1句…‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.（……“交错”董事会——每年只有三分之一的董事改选，任期为三年。）由此可知，按照“交错”董事会的规定，每年三分之一的董事需要改选，其实是限制了董事会成员的权力的，选项表述不符合原文，排除；C选项“已经被大多数美国公司废除了”，可定位到第5段第1句Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003（尽管如此，标准普尔500指数的公司实行分级董事会的比例仅略有下降——从2001年的63%下降到2003年的60%）由此可知，到2003年还有60%（大多数）的公司实行“交错”董事会，选项表述与原文不符，排除；D选项“不利于企业价值的增长”，可定位到第4段最后一句…suchboards…areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.（这样的董事会无疑“与公司价值在经济上的显著下降有关”。）由此可知，“交错”董事会使公司经济价值下降，选项表述符合原文。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

60.观点态度题。题干“对于美国公司的董事会实践，作者的态度可以说是____。”本题询问的是作者对于美国公司董事会实践的态度，可以从文中表达情感的词推断，第3段Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.（同样令人失望的是，很少有公司将董事长和首席执行官的职位分开。）由此定位到前一段，找到前一个令人失望的点，Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.（但令人惊讶的是，一些事情没有受到对企业丑闻的强烈反对的影响。）第4段Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards…（另一个令人失望的是，在废除“交错”董事会方面进展缓慢……）由此可知，作者对美国公司董事会的实践非常失望；最后一段最后一句Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.（如果有人认为2001年的丑闻会迅速改变经理和老板之间的权力平衡，往好了说，那也只是一种天真的想法。）由此可知，作者认为美国董事会改革比较难，综合而言，B选项“悲观的”最符合作者的观点。A选项“客观的”（一般要从正反两方阐述观点）、C选项“带有偏见的”没有依据，排除；干扰选项，D选项“批判的,不赞成的”，作者并