考研考博-英语-四川旅游学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川旅游学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

WithtrafficconstantlyontheincreaseinthestreetsofBeijing,themetroisthebestwaytogetaroundthecityduringrushhours，howeverthecrowdsinthemetrotrainsarenowalsoa

problem.

问题1选项

A.getaroundthecity

B.constantlyontheincrease

C.getaroundthecity

D.hours，however

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】句子连接错误。however后面加逗号。however在句子中表示"然而",表示转折时,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

2.单选题

The______regioniscenteredlargelyinthenorthofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.telescope

B.wire

C.petrol

D.mineral

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项telescope“望远镜”；B选项wire“金属线；电线”；C选项petrol“汽油”；D选项mineral“矿物；汽水”。句意：______区主要集中在这个国家的北部。根据语境，这里指含有某个资源的地区集中在国家的北部，D选项mineral“矿物”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Aboveallelse,heisamanwhoneverforamomentdoubtshisdestinedauthorityasagovernor.HederisivelyandsharplyrebukeshisbrothertheDukeaseasilyandreadilyashismistressJulia.IfhehasbetrayedBosola,heuseshisbrotherasthetooltorecoverhis“familiar.”Hiscourtdressisalongbrilliantscarletcardinal’sgownwithwhitecuffsandawhitecollarturnedbackoverthered,bothcollarandcuffsbeingelaboratelyscallopedandembroidered.Hewearsasmallcape,reachingonlytotheelbows.Hiscassockisbuttonedtotheground,givingaheightenedeffecttohisalreadytallpresence.Richelieuwouldhaveadoredhisneatlytrimmedbeard.Arichlyjeweledandornamentedcrossliesonhisbreast,suspendedfromhisneckbyagoldchain.BosolaistheRenaissance“familiar”dressedconventionallyinsomberblackwithawhitecollar.Hewearsachainabouthisneck,asuspendedornament,andasword.Althougha“bravo,”hemustnotbethoughtofasaleatherjacketed,heavy-bootedtough,squatandswarthy.Stilllessisheasneering,leering,melodramaticvillainoftheVictoriangaslighttradition.Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman;introvertedandintrospective,yetruthlessinaction;moodyandreluctant,yetviolent.Heisamanofscholarlytasteandsubtleintellectualdiscriminationdoingtheworkofahiredruffian.Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.LikeDukeFerdinand,heisinwardlytormented,butnotbyundilutedpassion.Hisdominantemotionisanintellectualizedone:thatofdisgustataworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly,butinwhichhemustplayapartandthatalowly,despicableone.HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.

1.TheactorportrayingBosolamustdepictthecharacter（

）.

2.Thewriterofthispassageassumesthatthereaderis

（

）.

3.ThereferencetoBrowninginthelastsentenceisintendedtocompare

（

）.

4.InhisdescriptionofBosola,theauthorofthispassagemakesextensiveuseofthedeviceof（

）.

问题1选项

A.asahighlycivilizedindividual

B.asasneeringvillain

C.asacomplicatedyetrestrainedindividual

D.withsubtletyandintensity

问题2选项

A.familiarwithRenaissancepoetry

B.disgustedwithaworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly

C.familiarwiththepaintingsofElGreco

D.familiarwiththewritingsofVanDykeandElGreco

问题3选项

A.BosolawithDukeFerdinand

B.BosolawithaBrowningcharacter

C.DukeFerdinandwithBosola

D.BosolawithBrowning

问题4选项

A.metaphor

B.onomatopoeia

C.exaggeration

D.paradox

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文中“Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.总的来说，他的模仿者必须达到自然的柔美和微妙，一种高度复杂、紧凑而又克制得很好的气质。”可知与C项相符。

2.判断推理题。由文中“Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.在外观上，红衣主教之间是埃尔•格列柯红衣主教和范戴克高贵的主。”可知作者认为读者熟悉EIGreco和VanDyke的画像。故C项正确。

3.判断推理题。由“HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.他是那种布朗宁喜欢在他的文艺复兴独白中描述的罕见人物”。可知该句中Bosola和Browning笔下所描写的人物进行对比。故B项正确，

4.判断推理题。Metaphor暗喻；onomatopoeia拟声；exaggeration夸张；paradox悖论。

由文中“Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman...就像他的黑白衣服一样，Bosola是一种有趣的自相矛盾，他是学者的杀手、人文主义者的刽子手······”可知A项正确。

4.单选题

（

）tosomepartsofSouthAmericaisstilldifficult,becausepartsofthecontinentarestillcoveredwiththickforests.

问题1选项

A.Orientation

B.Access

C.Procession

D.Voyage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项orientation“方向，方位，定位”；B选项access“出口，接近，进入”，常与to搭配；C选项procession“行列，队伍，前进，推移”；D选项voyage“航海，航行”。句意：南美洲的某些地区仍然很难进入，因为该大陆的某些地区仍然被茂密的森林所覆盖。根据句意，判断出B选项正确。

5.单选题

Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.

问题1选项

A.reward

B.insurance

C.interest

D.feedback

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward“报酬”；insurance“津贴”；interest“兴趣；利息；利益”；feedback“反馈”。句意：如果有人能够给你出主意，并给你反馈，那么研究起来就容易多了。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Therecent（）surroundinganewlawconcernedwithgaysinArizonarevealshowdeeplydividedthestatecanbe.

问题1选项

A.construction

B.concentration

C.constraint

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。construction建造；concentration专注；constraint约束，局促；controversy争论，论战。由deeplydivided深深地分裂可推知空格处应填D项“争议”。句意：最近在亚利桑那州围绕着一项关于同性恋的新法律的争议，揭示了这个州是多么的分裂。

7.单选题

Outputfromthepowerstations_______steeplyasrestrictionsonthemovementofcoaltookeffect.

问题1选项

A.fellbehind

B.fellback

C.fellthrough

D.fellaway

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“fellbehind”，意为“落后，拖欠”；B选项“fellback”，意为“撤退，回落”；C选项“fellthrough”，意为“落空，失败”，D选项“fellaway”，意为“消失，背离，抛弃”。句意：由于对煤炭运输的限制生效，发电站的发电量急剧下降。因此，D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Dowomentendtodevaluetheworthoftheirwork?Dotheyapplydifferentstandardstorewardingtheirownworkmorecriticallythantheydotorewardingtheworkofothers?ThesewerethequestionsaskedbyMichiganStateUniversitypsychologistsLawrenceMesseandCharleneCallahan-Levy.Pastexperimentshadshownthatwhenwomenwereaskedtodecidehowmuchtopaythemselvesandotherpeopleforthesamejob,theypaidthemselvesless.Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.

Onetheorythepsychologiststestedwasthatwomenjudgetheirownworkmoreharshlythanthatofothers.ThesubjectsfortheexperimenttestingthistheoryweremenandwomenfromtheMichiganStateundergraduatestudentbody.Thejobthesubjectswereaskedtoperformforpaywasanopinionquestionnairerequiringanumberofshortessaysoncampus-relatedissues.Aftercompletingthequestionnaire,somesubjectsweregivensixdollarsinbillsandchangeandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforthemselves.Othersweregiventhesameamountandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforanothersubjectwhohadalsocompletedthequestionnaire.

Thepsychologistsfoundthat,asinearlierexperiments,thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves.Theyalsofoundthatthewomenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.Thedifferencesweresubstantial.Theaveragepaidtowomenbythemselveswas$2.97.Theaveragepaidtomenbythemselveswas$4.06.Theaveragepaidtowomenbyotherswas$4.37.Inspiteofthedifferences,thepsychologistsfoundthatthemenandthewomenintheexperimentevaluatedtheirownperformancesonthequestionnaireaboutequallyandbetterthantheexpectedperformancesofothers.

Onthebasisofthesefindings,MesseandCallahan-Levyconcludedthatwomen'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability.

1.Theexperimentdesignedinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttotheformulation(表述)ofatheoryconcerningthe________.

2.HowistheresearchofMesseandCallahan-Levyrelatedtoearlierexperimentsinthesamefield?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythefactsstatedinthepassage?

4.TheworkofMesseandCallahan-Levytendstosupportwhichofthefollowingnotions?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

问题1选项

A.generallylowersalariesreceivedbywomenworkersincomparisontomen

B.reluctanceofsomewomentoenterprofessionsthataretraditionallydominatedbymen

C.anxietyexpressedbysomewomenworkersindealingwithmalesupervisors

D.prejudicesoftensufferedbywomeninattemptingtoentertheworkforce

问题2选项

A.Itsuggestsaneedtodiscardmethodsusedinearlierexperiments.

B.Ittendstoweakentheassumptionsonwhichearlierexperimentsweredesigned.

C.Itsuggeststhattheproblemrevealedinearlierexperimentsmaybemorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.

D.Ithelpstoexplainaphenomenonrevealedinearlierexperiments

问题3选项

A.Mentendtopaythemselvesmorethantheypayothermenforthesamework.

B.Womentendtopaymenmorethantheypayotherwomenforthesamework.

C.Mentendtopaywomenlessthantheypayothermenforthesamework.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题4选项

A.Womenaregenerallylessconcernedwithfinancialrewardsfortheirworkthanmenare.

B.Menarewillingtopaywomenmorethanwomenarewillingtopaythemselves.

C.Paymentforworkshouldgenerallybedirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthework.

D.Womenjudgetheirownworkmorecruciallythantheyjudgetheworkofmen.

问题5选项

A.itisnotalwaysreliabletomeasurewomen’sabilitybyhowmuchtheyearn

B.womenwouldratherattachimportancetosacrificesthanaskforrepaymentfortheirwork

C.womentendtoassesstheirabilityofworkbytheirownself-worthratherthanmonetaryvalues

D.womengenerallyremainindifferenttohowmuchmoneytheyshouldobtainfromtheirwork

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations（Messe和Callahan-Levy设计了一些实验，以检验为什么女性的薪酬往往较低的几种流行学说），可知实验是为了验证女性工资普遍较低的相关话题，A选项“与男性相比，女性员工的工资普遍较低”正确。B选项“一些女性不愿意进入传统上由男性主导的职业”，C选项“一些女性员工在与男性主管打交道时表现出焦虑”和D选项“在试图进入职场时，女性经常遭受偏见”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句Pastexperimentshadshownthat…Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.（过去的实验表明……在这一发现的基础上，Messe和Callahan-Levy设计了一些实验，以检验为什么女性的薪酬往往较低的几种流行学说），结合第三段第一句asinearlierexperiments…Theyalsofoundthat…（与之前的实验一样……他们还发现……），可知Messe和Callahan-Levy的实验是为了解释之前实验现象的原因，结果与之前的实验结果如出一辙，并且有进一步的发现，可以为先前的实验提供进一步的解释，D选项“有助于解释在之前实验中发现的现象”正确。A选项“表明有必要抛弃在之前实验中使用的方法”：文中没有提到早期实验的方法以及对此的看法，属于无中生有。B选项“倾向于削弱之前实验设计所依据的假设”：其结果印证了之前的假设，属于反向干扰。C选项“表明早期实验揭示的问题可能比以前认为的更广泛”：文中没有提到在早期实验之前的观点，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“做同样的工作，男性付给自己的报酬往往比别人的多”：文中没有对比男性给自己的和给其他人的金钱差异，属于无中生有。B选项“做同样的工作，女性往往付给男性的钱比给其他女性的多”：根据第三段第一二句thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves…womenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.（女性给自己的报酬低于男性给自己的报酬……女性给自己的报酬低于其他女性，也低于男性给女性的报酬），文中没有对比女性给其他女性和男性的报酬，属于无中生有。C选项“做同样的工作，男性付给女性的钱往往比给其他男性的少”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。D选项“以上都不是”：A、B、C选项都不正确，因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句thewomenpaidthemselves…lessthanthemenpaidthewomen（女性付给自己的钱比男性付给女性的少），可知男性付给女性的报酬比女性给自己的报酬高，B选项“男性愿意支付给女性的薪水要高于女性愿意支付给自己的薪水”正确。A选项“与男性相比，女性一般不太关心工作的经济报酬”：根据最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirwork（女性对其工作相对较低的金钱价值依恋），可知女性没有男性那么渴望较高的报酬，但不代表女性不关心自己得到的报酬是多少，属于推理过度。C选项“工作报酬一般应与工作质量直接相关”和D选项“女性评判自己的工作比男性的工作更重要”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability（女性对其工作相对较低的金钱价值依恋，不能完全基于她们对自己能力的判断），可知女性不那么追求高报酬，并不是因为能力低，A选项“用收入多少来衡量女性的能力并不总是可靠的”正确。B选项“妇女宁愿重视牺牲，也不愿要求对她们工作的回报”和D选项“女性通常对她们应该从工作中获得多少钱漠不关心”：虽然女性没有要求那么高的报酬，但不至于对钱漠不关心，愿意做出巨大的牺牲，属于推理过度。C选项“女性倾向于通过自我价值而不是金钱价值来评估自己的工作能力”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Thereisariskthat（）chemicalsmightbeblastedintotheatmosphere.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.toxic

C.evil

D.vicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项destructive“破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic“有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious“恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentisintensifyingeffortstopopularize（

）educationinrurallocalities.

问题1选项

A.instinctive

B.impulsive

C.compulsory

D.voluntary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。instinctive意为“天生的，生来的”；impulsive意为“冲动的”；compulsory意为“(因法律或规则而)必须做的，强制的”；voluntary意为“自愿的，自发的”。

句意：当地政府正在加大努力在农村地区普及义务教育。

11.单选题

Twoequallybrilliantscientistsapplyforaprestigiousresearchfellowshipawardedbyatopscientificorganization.Oneiswhite,theotherblack.Doesthecoloroftheirskinmatter?

Mostscientistswillalreadybescreamingaresounding“no”.Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.

Well,let’sthinkaboutthis.Ifsciencereallyissomeritocratic,wherearealltheblackNobelprizewinnersandfellowsoftheRoyalSociety?Theblackchairsofgovernmentscientificpanels?TheblackRichardDawkinsesandSusanGreenfields?WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.

Eventheusuallystick-in-the-mudBritishgovernmentnowacknowledgesthereisaproblem.Lastmonthitpromisednewfundingforprojectsdesignedtocombatinstitutionalracisminscienceeducationinschools.Asmeasuresgoitislittleandlate,butwelcomenonetheless.Despitestartingschoolasthetopachievers,blackBritishchildrenhavelongunderperformedinscience.

Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.Asaresult,thefullscaleoftheunder-representationproblemishidden.Notformuchlonger.Britain’snewlyamendedRaceRelationsActrequiresallgovernmentbodies,includingfundingcouncils,totracktheeffectsoftheiractivitiesondifferentethnicgroupsandensurethatallbenefitequally.AndnextyearaEuropeanUniondirectivewillpushallEUemployersthiswaytoo.

ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.Thatmeansring-fencingfellowshipsandgrantsforapplicantsfromparticularracialbackgrounds.Anditmeansseekingoutthosewhohavebrokenthroughthebarriersofraceandgivingthempreferenceovertheirequallywell-qualifiedwhitepeersforpositionsofinfluenceandplacesinthespotlight.

Tokenismandfinesentimentswillnolongerdo.Withotherprofessionshavingalreadyleaptaheadinthisarea,theenduringwhitenessofscienceismorethananembarrassment:itisabarriertoitsverycredibility.IfalargesegmentofEurope’sschoolchildrenneverseeascientistwholookslikethem,theywillcontinuetothinkscienceisnotforthem.Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.

1.Scienceisnotsomeritocraticbecause______.

2.Theembarrassingproblemaddressedinthepassage______.

3.Oneofthepositivechangesafootis______.

4.Tobitethebulletofaffirmativeactionis______.

5.Theauthorarguesthatcolormattersbecauseitisof______.

问题1选项

A.itiscolor-blind

B.itisraciallydiscriminative

C.itawardswrongresearchworkers

D.itispracticedbythewhiteexclusively

问题2选项

A.wasprovedbyNewsweekmagazine’ssurvey

B.shockedgovernmentscientificpanels

C.wasrevealedbytheRoyalSociety

D.alloftheabove

问题3选项

A.fundingresearchinstitutionsorlabs

B.settingupascientificcareerladder

C.hidingtheracialdiscrimination

D.belittlingracialbackgrounds

问题4选项

A.tosetupblackrolemodelsinEurope

B.tokeepupethnicissuesundersurveillance

C.torestrictfellowshipsandgrantstotheblack

D.tobalancethedistributionoffellowshipsandgrantsbetweenthewhiteandtheblack

问题5选项

A.thenatureofscience

B.credibilityofscience

C.anembarrassingtokenism

D.mutualtrustbetweengenerations

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.（那些在科学上取得进步的人是因为他们的工作，而不是他们的肤色。科学是任人唯贤的，是客观的。因此，它必须严格无视肤色，避免种族歧视和平权行动。）”，由此可知种族歧视是科学不那么任人唯贤的原因，所以B选项“它是种族歧视的”符合题意。A选项“它是色盲的”；C选项“它奖励错误的研究人员”；D选项“是白色人种独有的”均不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.（当《新闻周刊》最近对欧洲最大的100家公司进行调查时，令人震惊的是，只有6名非欧洲种族血统的董事会成员。一想到对欧洲科学界高层进行的类似调查将揭示出什么，人们就会不寒而栗。）”，由此可知《新闻周刊》的调查证实了文章中提到的尴尬的问题，即种族歧视确实存在，所以A选项“《新闻周刊》的调查证实了这一点”符合题意。B选项“震惊政府科学小组”；C选项“由皇家学会披露”；D选项“以上都是”都不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段“Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.（在科学事业的阶梯上也有积极的变化。目前，欧洲几乎没有科学组织、资助机构或实验室费心去追踪他们雇佣或资助的人的种族背景。）”，由此可知对种族背景关心的淡化是发生的积极变化之一，所以D选项“轻视种族背景”符合题意。A选项“资助研究机构或实验室”；B选项“建立科学的职业阶梯”；C选项“隐藏种族歧视”都与题干无关，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.（但是，仅靠种族监控并不能创造出欧洲科学迫切需要的黑人榜样。还需要一些别的东西。资助机构和像英国皇家学会这样有影响力的组织必须忍受平权行动。）”，由此可知平权行动是为了建立黑人榜样，所以A选项“在欧洲建立黑人榜样”符合题意。B选项“保持种族问题在监视之下”；C选项“限制黑人的奖学金和补助金”；D选项“平衡研究金和补助金在白人和黑人之间的分配”都不符合原文，因此A选项正确。

5.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.（如果科学家不能反映出他们所生活的多种族社会，他们将发现很难赢得他们渴望的公众信任。肤色有关系吗?当然了。）”，由此可知作者认为肤色对科学的可信度有很大关系，科学家只有尊重不同肤色的社会，才会取得公众信任，所以B选项“科学的可信度”正确。A选项“科学的本质”；C选项“尴尬的表面文章”；D选项“世代之间的相互信任”说法都不正确，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Themanhadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheenemyandhadnootherchoice.

问题1选项

A.alternative

B.hope

C.resource

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alternative“二中选一；供替代的选择”；B选项hope“希望”；C选项resource“资源”；D选项approach“方式”。句意：这个人要么立即离开这个国家，要么向敌人投降，结合此处关键短语leavethecountry（离开这个国家）以及surrenderhimselftotheenemy（向敌人投降），可推测他是在两者之间进行选择，由此得知A选项正确。

13.单选题

Specieswithrelatively（）metabolicrates,includinghibernators,generallylivelongerthanthosewhosemetabolicratesaremorerapid.

问题1选项

A.prolific

B.sedentary

C.sluggish

D.measured

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prolific“多产的，丰富的”；B选项sedentary“定居的，静坐的”；C选项sluggish“萧条的，迟钝的”；D选项measured“量过的，慎重的”。根据句中关键信息“hibernators”以及后半句“通常比代谢率更快的物种活得更长”可知，填空处应指代谢率相对缓慢，所以选项C符合语境。句意：代谢率相对缓慢的物种，包括冬眠动物，通常比代谢率更快的物种活得更长。选项C正确。

14.单选题

Althoughtheendofthetermwasclose（）,Jimhadnotcompletedalloftheprojectshehadhopedtofinish.

问题1选项

A.onhand

B.byhand

C.athand

D.inhand

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管学期快结束了，吉姆还没有完成他希望完成的所有项目。

考查短语辨析。onhand在手边;在场;byhand用手；athand在手边；即将到来；inhand在手头；在进行中；在控制中。这里表示“学期快结束了”，故选C。

15.单选题

Thesmallbirdsnative（

）centralandeasternEuropeusedtomigratesouthwesttospendthewinterinsouthernFrance,SpainandnorthernAfrica.

问题1选项

A.in

B.onto

C.with

D.to

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。in在…里；onto在…上；with和…;nativeto表示“来自，产自”，句意：这种来自欧洲中部和东部的小鸟经常会向西南方向迁徙，在法国、西班牙的南部和非洲北部过冬。选项D符合句意。

16.单选题

Mymotherlikestohaveherhair______.

问题1选项

A.cured

B.carved

C.circled

D.curled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项cured“熏制的，风干的”，B项carved“有雕刻的”，C项circled“包围的，圆圈的”，D项curled“卷曲的，鬈发的”。根据句子关键词hair“头发”可知，空格处填入D项符合语境。句意：我妈妈喜欢把头发卷起来。因此，该题选择D项正确。

17.单选题

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。atlarge“详尽的；整个的”；atease“安逸”；atrandom“任意的”；atintervals“不时”，根据句子意思可知此处应该选一个词组来形容我们停下来提神的频率，四个选项中只有atintervals符合，故正确答案为选项D。句意：这场讨论无比冗长又使人疲累，以至于我们必须……的停下来提神。因此选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Thefirstthingpeoplerememberaboutfailingatmathisthatitfeltlikesuddendeath.Whethertheincidentoccurredwhilelearning“wordproblems”insixgrade,orcopingwithequationsinhighschool,orfirstconfrontingcalculusandstatisticsincollege,failurecamesuddenlyandinaveryfrighteningway!Ifassumethatthecurriculumwasreasonable,andthatthenewideawasbutnextinaseriesoflearnableconcepts,thefeelingofutterdefeatwassimplynotrational;yet“mathanxious”collegestudentsandadultshaverevealedthatnomatterhowmuchtheteacherreassuredthem,theycouldnotovercomethatfeeling.

Acommonmythaboutthenatureofmathematicalabilityholdsthatoneeitherhasordoesnothaveamathematicalmind.Mathematicalimaginationandanintuitivegraspofmathematicalprinciplesmaywellbeneededtodoadvancedresearch,butwhyshouldpeoplewhocandocollege-levelworkinothersubjectsnotbeabletodocollege-levelmathaswell?Ratesoflearningmayvary.Competencyundertimepressuremaydiffer.Certainlylowself-esteemwillgetintheway.Butwhereistheevidencethatastudentneedsa“mathematicalmind”inordertosucceedatlearningmath?

Considertheeffectsofthismythology.Sinceonlyafewpeoplearesupposedtohavethismathematicalmind,partofwhatmakesussopassiveinthefaceofourdifficultiesinlearningmathematicsisthatwesuspectallthewhilewemaynotbeoneof“them”,andwespendourtimewaitingtofindoutwhenournon-mathematicalmindswillbeexposed.Sinceourlimitwilleventuallybereached,weseenopointinbeingmethodicalofinattendingtodetail.Wearegratefulwhenwesurvivefractions-wordproblemsorgeometry.Ifthatcertainmomentoffailurehasn’tstruckyet,itisonlytemporarilypostponed.

Parents,especiallyparentsofgirls,oftenexpecttheirchildrentobenon-mathematical.Parentsareeitherpooratmathortheyfailedthemselves.Ineithercase,theyunwillinglyfostertheideathatamathematicalmindissomethingoneeitherhasordoesnothave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whoarelikelytoexperiencemathanxiety?

2.Howwould“mathanxious”studentsprobablyreacttotheirfailureatmath?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout“mathanxious”students?

4.Theauthorbelievesthat（

）.

5.Thepassagecouldbestbeentitledby（

）.

问题1选项

A.Primaryschoolstudents.

B.Highschoolstudents.

C.Collegestudents.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.Slowdowntheirlessons.

B.Askmorequestionsthannecessary.

C.Gototheteacherforreassurance

D.Panicandacceptthedefeat.

问题3选项

A.Theyrealizethatthefeelingofutterdefeatisirrational.

B.Theyassumethatthecurriculumisnotreasonable.

C.Theyfeelthenewideasaretoodifficultforthemtolearn.

D.Theyregardthenewideasasonlysomethingtobeencounterednextinaseriesoflearnableconcepts.

问题4选项

A.apersoneitherhasordoesnothaveamathematicalmind

B.astudentneedsamathematicalmindtosucceedatlearningcollegelevelmath

C.peopledoingadvancedresearchinmathusuallyhavewhatiscalleda“mathematicalmind”

D.parentswhoarepooratmaththemselvesaremorelikelytoexpecttheirchildrentobenon-mathematical

问题5选项

A.MathAnxiety

B.OvercomingMathAnxiety

C.FailingtheMathExam

D.MathAnxiousStudents

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容，有可能遭受焦虑的人是……”。文章第一段提到“不论这样的情况出现在六年级，或者在应对数学方程式的中，或者第一次面对微积分与统计学的大学”（Whethertheincidentoccurredwhilelearning“wordproblems”insixgrade,orcopingwithequationsinhighschool,orfirstconfrontingcalculusandstatisticsincollege,failurecamesuddenlyandinaveryfrighteningway!），由此可知，各个学习阶段都会碰上数学难题，选项D符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“遭遇‘数学焦虑’的学生对自己数学不及格的可能反应是……”。文章第一段提到“彻底失败的感觉是不理智的；然后数学焦虑的大学生和成年人发现，无论老师怎么安慰他们，他们都无法克服这种感觉”（thefeelingofutterdefeatwassimplynotrational;yet“mathanxious”collegestudentsandadultshaverevealedthatnomatterhowmuchtheteacherreassuredthem,theycouldnotovercomethatfeeling），选项D“恐慌并接受失败”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“关于数学焦虑的学生，一下说法正确的是……”。文章第二段提到“但是为什么那些能做其他学科的大学水平作业的人却不能做大学水平的数学题呢？”（butwhyshouldpeoplewhocandocollege-levelworkinothersubjectsnotbeabletodocollege-levelmathaswell?），选项C“他们感觉自己很难学习新内容”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为……”。文章最后一段提到“他们不愿意树立这样一个观念，即有的人有数学头脑，有的人没有”（theyunwillinglyfostertheideathatamathematicalmindissomethingoneeitherhasordoesnothave），因此选项A符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“本文最恰当的标题是……”。全文讲的都是跟数学焦虑（mathanxiety）相关的内容，因此选项A符合题意。

19.单选题

Shakenbytwodecadesofvirtualanarchy,themajorityofpeoplewerereadytobuy_