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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.
IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented(强调个性发展的),Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.
LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschool.
SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.
1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericanbelieve().
2.MostAmericansurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto().
3.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison().
4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto().
5.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?
问题1选项
A.JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents.
B.Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultoritsscientificachievements.
C.Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction.
D.Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs.
问题2选项
A.problemsolving
B.groupexperience
C.parentalguidance
D.individually–orienteddevelopment
问题3选项
A.preparingchildrenacademically
B.developingchildren’sartisticinterests
C.lappingchildren’spotential
D.shapingchildren’scharacter
问题4选项
A.broadenchildren’shorizon
B.cultivatechildren’screativity
C.lightenchildren’sstudyload
D.enrichchildren’sknowledge
问题5选项
A.Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.
B.Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.
C.Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.
D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】1.事实细节题。根据文章第一段,“However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.”,可知日本的学前教育提供的答案并不是美国人所期望的。令人惊讶的是,在大多数日本学前教育中,很少强调学术教育指导。可判断出美国人相信日本的学前教育强调学术指导。相信C符合题意。
2.事实细节题。根据文章第二段,“91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented,Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.”,可知91%的日本受访者认为,让孩子们有团体经历是日本社会让孩子接受学前教育的三大理由之一,62%的美国受访者将团队经历列为他们的三大选择之一。可判断出大多数接受调查的美国人认为学龄前儿童也应该重视团队经验。相信B符合题意。
3.事实细节题。根据文章第一段,“Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.”,可知日本的学校不教授阅读、写作和数学等学业知识,而是教授诸如坚持、专注和团队意识等能力。可判断出在日本的学前教育中,关注的重点在于塑造孩子的性格。选项D符合题意。
4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一句,“SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.”,可知一些更先进的项目引入了自由游戏,作为一些日本幼儿园摆脱沉重的课业负担的方法。可判断出日本的学前教育引入了自由玩耍的项目,目的是为了减轻孩子的学习负担。选项C符合题意。
5.事实细节题。根据文章最后一段,“SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.”,可知一些日本父母认为,如果他们的孩子参加一个大学的项目,这将使孩子未来更有可能被一流学校和大学录取。可判断出一些日本父母把孩子送到大学附属的幼儿园,原因在于这能增加他们上一流大学的机会,从而接受最好的教育。选项D符合题意。
2.单选题
Manycompaniesare()toinvestinnanotechnologyresearch,fearingtheexposuretolegalactionthatcouldresultifonedayatechnologyisdeemeddangerous.
问题1选项
A.hesitant
B.constant
C.luxuriant
D.coherent
【答案】A
【解析】句意:许多公司对投资纳米技术研究犹豫不决,担心有朝一日某项技术被认为是危险的,可能会受到法律诉讼。
考查形容词辨析。hesitant犹豫的,畴躇的;constant不变的,恒定的,经常的;luxuriant繁茂的,丰富的,奢华的,肥沃的;coherent连贯的,一致的,凝聚性的,粘在一起的。故A符合句意。
3.不定项选择题
IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.
Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.ButthevillagesIstayedinhadmuchincommon—poor,dirtyandbackward.Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.IhadcometobelievethatwhatwashappeningintheThirdWorldwasmoreimportantthananythingelse.Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,IfeltthatIfirsthadtotryandsharetheirwayoflife.
IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.Itookthebusfromtownalongarockyroad.Thencamearoughwalkdownasteeppathtotheriver.AfterthisIbegantheclimbintothehills.WheneverIstoppedtocatchmybreath,therewasabeautifulscene.Afterseveralhours’walkthevillagecameintosight.
1.AfterthewriterhadarrivedinIndia,().
2.Whilelookingforatypicalvillage,thewriterfound().
3.BeforecomingtoIndia,thewriter().
4.Thewritedecidedtochangehiswayoflifebecause().
5.Thevillagethewriterfinallychosetolivein().
问题1选项
A.hespentayearwritingabouttheplacehelivedin
B.hespentquitesometimelookingforasuitableplacetolivein
C.hestayedinanIndianvillageworkingforthepoor
D.helivedinaHimalayancommunityformanymonths
问题2选项
A.hewassearchingfortheimpossible
B.allthevillageswereexactlythesame
C.hewasdoingsomethingenjoyable
D.thevillagerswerecuriousabouthim
问题3选项
A.hadbeenasuccessfulpolitician
B.hadmadeadecisiontoworkforIndia
C.hadstudiedIndiacultureforsomemonths
D.hadworkedfornewspapersandmagazines
问题4选项
A.henolongerfoundhisworkinteresting
B.hehopedtoliveapeacefullifeinthecountryside
C.hewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheThirdWorld
D.hewantedtotryhisluckinaforeigncountry
问题5选项
A.layattheendofarockyroad
B.hadabeautifulsightoftheriver
C.wasashortwalkfromtheriver
D.hadbetterweatherthanthoseintheplains
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】1.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文的第一段首句IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.(一年前,我来到印度,想找到一个可以生活和写作的村庄,但过了好几个月,我才愉快地在这个喜马拉雅社区安顿下来)可知选B选项“他花了很长时间找一个合适的地方住”,A选项“他花了一年的时间写他居住过的地方”,C选项“他住在印度的一个村子里,为穷人干活”,A选项和C选项原文没有提及,D选项“他在一个喜马拉雅社区住了好几个月”,原文只说了在喜马拉雅社区安顿下来,但并没有说多久,因此D选项错误,因此,B选项符合题意。
2.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文的第二段的首句Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.(我浪费了很多时间寻找“典型的”村庄。然而,这样的事情并不存在)可知A选项“他在搜索不可能的事”正确,B选项“所有的村庄都一模一样”,原文第二段的第三句Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.可得知每个村庄之间的情况都是很不一样的,因此B选项错误,C选项“他在做一些令人愉快的事情”,C选项原文没有提及,D选项“村民们对他很好奇”第二段的第五句Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.可得知村民们自己也常常感到困惑和怀疑,而不是好奇。因此,A选项符合题意。
3.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段的第六句“WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.”(我为什么要来?我放下了政治记者的工作,因为我的想法已经改变了)可知选D选项“曾经为报纸和杂志工作过”。作者放弃了政治记者的工作来到了印度,也就是说来印度之前作者是一个政治记者。A选项“是一个成功的政治家”,文中说的是政治记者,而不是政治家,所以A选项错误,B选项“决定为印度工作”,C选项“学印度文化好几个月了”,在原文均没有提及,所以B,C选项错误,因此,D选项符合题意。
4.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,(他的想法改变是希望了解和体验发展中国家人们的生活和未来)可知选择C选项“他想更多的了解第三世界”,A选项“他不再觉得他的工作有趣了”,B选项“他希望在乡下过平静的生活”,D选项“他想在外国碰碰运气”,在原文均没有提及,所以A,B,D选项错误,因此,C选项符合题意。
5.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文末段首句IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.(最后,我选择了一个山村,因为那里比平原上的村庄凉快一点)可知选择D选项“比平原上的天气好”。A选项“躺在崎岖道路的尽头”,B选项“可以看到河边的美景”,C选项“离河不远”,在原文均没有提及,因此,D选项符合题意。
4.单选题
Thedentist’sconfidentmanner(
)methatIwasinsafehands.
问题1选项
A.insured
B.assured
C.ensured
D.secured
【答案】B
【解析】形近词辨析题。insure确保,投保;assure保证,担保;ensure确保,使安全;secure保护,使安全。句意:牙医自信的态度使我确信我是由可靠的医生在诊治。选项A和D不符合句意;选项Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that从句,意为使某人确信,符合句意;选项C发用法为ensuresth.tosb.,所以选项B正确。
5.单选题
Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossess,iftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnthimorherbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldierandsomedoexist——isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.
Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Eveninyourhouseyouarenotabsolutelysafe;anairplanemycrashonyourhouse,orantsmayearawaysomeofthebeamsinyourroofsothatthelatterfallsonyou,oryoumaygetcancer!
Theimportantthingsarenottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarmyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactiontoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou;youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.
Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingontoyourhouse.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning;youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourseofaction,sofearofthisparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.
1.Childrenwouldplaywithfireuntiltheirhandswereburntawayif().
2.Areallyfearlesssoldier()..
3.Fearshouldbeusedproperlybecause().
4.Peoplesometimessucceedintimelyavoidingdangerbecause().
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutnotstated?
问题1选项
A.theyweregivennowarningbeforehand
B.theyhadneverburntthemselves
C.theyhadnosenseofpain
D.theywerefearfulofthefire
问题2选项
A.isoflittleusetothearmy
B.iswithoutequal
C.isnothingbutadeadsoldier
D.easilygetskilledinabattle
问题3选项
A.anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse
B.youmaygetcancer
C.fearcanonlybeusedasaservantandguide
D.menarenowlettingfearrulethemtoomuch
问题4选项
A.theyhavegainedexperience
B.theyjumpoutofthewayintime
C.theyarecalminfaceofdanger
D.theyarewarnedofthedangerandcantakequickaction
问题5选项
A.Fearisalwayssomethinghelpful
B.Toomuchfearisharmful.
C.Fearoughttobeusedasservantandguide.
D.Fearissomethingunprofitable.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意为:什么情况下,孩子们会玩火直到手被烧掉?第一段指出:Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway(如果火在燃烧时,没有受伤,小孩子会玩火,直到手被烧掉)。因此,在“没有受伤”即“他们没有疼痛感”的情况下,小孩子会玩火直到手被烧掉。因此C项正确。
2.细节事实题。题干为:真正无畏的战士是怎么样的?根据题干定位至第一段:Areallyfearlesssoldierandsomedoexist——isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy(真正无畏的战士确实有些存在——不一定是好战士,因为他很快被杀掉;逝去的战士对于军队是无济于事的)。对比四个选项,D项“在战场上容易被杀”正确。
3.细节事实题。题干为:为什么恐惧应该被恰当使用?第二段指出:如果因为担心被车撞倒或撞死而不出门,那么,恐惧就过分统治了你。因为,即使在家里,也不绝对安全,可能飞机会撞毁你的房屋,可能你会得癌症等。因此D选项“现在人们被恐惧过分控制了”正确。
4.细节事实题。题干为:人们有时会及时避开危险,是因为什么?第三段指出:Fearwillwarmyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake(恐惧会警告你处于危险中,然后你得决定采取何种措施)。Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactiontoavoidthedanger(有些情况下,你可以采取迅速而且成功的措施以避开危险)。因此“他们被警告处于危险中,并能采取紧急措施”正确。
5.判断推理题。题干意为:下列哪项是从文中暗示得出而不是直接陈述出来的?A:恐惧总是有帮助的。B:过分的恐惧有害。C:恐惧应该被利用为仆人所知道。D:恐惧是无益的。文章提倡要恰当使用恐惧,这样它就会对我们有用,但是,不要让恐惧过分地统治我们。因此,A选项跟D选项过于绝对。C项已经在第三段明确提出。B项可以被推断出,而且正确。
6.单选题
Whileafullunderstandingofwhatcausesthediseasemaybeseveralyearsaway,______leadingtosuccessfultreatmentcouldcomemuchsooner.
问题1选项
A.adistinction
B.abreakthrough
C.anidentification
D.aninterpretation
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A.adistinction差别,区别B.abreakthrough重大进展,突破
C.anidentification鉴定,辨认D.aninterpretation理解,解释
【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】根据while可知,这里是一个让步状语从句,意思是“尽管要完全了解这种疾病的病因可能还需要几年时间”,而主句提到“导致成功治疗的______可能会很快到来”,可推知空格处表示“突破性进展”,所以该题选择B项。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。
【句意】虽然要完全了解这种疾病的病因可能还需要几年时间,但导致成功治疗的突破性进展可能会很快到来。
7.单选题
Gettingupisaneveryday(
).
问题1选项
A.happening
B.occurrence
C.incident
D.event
【答案】B
【解析】句意:起床是天天都发生的事。
考查近义词辨析。Happening事情(偶然或未能预见而发生的事);occurrence事情,事件(可指意外或计划中的事情,也可指普通家庭中的事情);incident事件,事变,插曲(尤指导致纷争的冲突事端);event事件,大事尤指重大事件)。由关键信息“gettingup”、“everyday”可知B项正确。
8.单选题
Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsahugenumberofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally.
Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheexposedandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.Becauseasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftly.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmallmammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.
Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchestheterminalleavesdownsothatfruit-bearingfoliagedropstowardthegibbon’sface.Walkingorleapingspeciesofasimilarorevenlargersizeaccesstheoutertwigseitherbysnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorbyclutchingstiffbrancheswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwiththeirhands.
Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromonetreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.Amacaqueorgibboncanhurlitselffartherthanamousecan:itcanachievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelyuseabranchasaspringboard,evenbouncingonalimbseveraltimesbeforejumping.Theforwardmovementofasmallanimalisseriouslyreducedbytheairfrictionagainsttherelativelylargesurfaceareaofitsbody.Finally,forthemanysmallmammalsthesupplementtheirinsectdietwithfruitsorseeds,aninabilitytospanopengapsbetweentreecrownsmaybeproblematic,sincetreesthatyieldthesefoodscanbesparse.
21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?
22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.
23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.
24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?
25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?
问题1选项
A.Monkeys.
B.Cats.
C.Porcupines.
D.Mice.
问题2选项
A.trees
B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize
C.smallerspecies
D.hightropicalcanopies
问题3选项
A.resemble
B.protect
C.characterize
D.divide
问题4选项
A.Canopy
B.Terminalleaves
C.Springboard
D.Airfriction
问题5选项
A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?
B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?
C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?
D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:D
【解析】21.【选项释义】
21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?21.以下哪一种动物在树冠上层不常见?
A.Monkeys.A.猴子。
B.Cats.B.猫。
C.Porcupines.C.豪猪。
D.Mice.D.老鼠。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】第一段第一句“在雨林的树冠层(canopy),也就是树木的上层(upperlevelofthetrees),有大量的中等大小的爬行哺乳动物,其中可能包括猴子、猫、果子狸和豪猪”可知,在树冠上层常见的动物是猴子、猫、果子狸和豪猪;结合第二句“较小的物种,包括老鼠和小松鼠等啮齿动物,在热带高树冠层中并不像(notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesas)在全球大多数栖息地中那样普遍”,由其中的notasprevalent可知,老鼠和小松鼠这种较小的物种在树冠上层并不常见,D项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项都是在树冠上层常见的动物,属于反向干扰。
22.【选项释义】
22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.22.第一段中的“他们”指的是______。
A.treesA.树
B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesizeB.中等大小的攀爬哺乳动物
C.smallerspeciesC.较小的物种
D.hightropicalcanopiesD.高热带的树冠
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】定位第一段第二句“较小的物种(Smallerspecies),包括老鼠和小松鼠等啮齿动物,在热带高树冠层中并不像在全球大多数栖息地中那样普遍(notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally)”,其中用了as…as…的比较,比较的是inhightropicalcanopies和inmosthabitatsglobally,所以they指的是前面所提到的smallspecies,C项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都不正确,属于曲解原文。
23.【选项释义】
23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto______.23.第四段中typify这个单词的意思最接近______。
A.resembleA.相像
B.protectB.保护
C.characterizeC.特征
D.divideD.分割
【考查点】词义推测题。
【解题思路】定位第四段第一句“小型攀援动物能够容易地爬树枝,但相比大型攀援动物来说,它们更难跨过从一个树冠到另一个typify为高树冠之间的宽间隙”,从句子中可知,typify在定语从句中做的是谓语动词,宾语是highcanopy,来修饰nexttreecrown,而high就是nexttreecrown的特征,所以typify的意思和“特征”相近,C项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项属于曲解原文。
24.【选项释义】
24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?24.下面哪个术语在文章中有定义?
A.CanopyA.树冠
B.TerminalleavesB.顶端的叶子
C.SpringboardC.跳板
D.AirfrictionD.空气阻力
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】定位文章第一句“树冠层,也就是雨林树木的上层(Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest)”,可知canopy的定义在文章有解释,A项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均没有提到它们的定义,属于出处错位。
25.【选项释义】
25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?25.这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题?
A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?A.热带雨林与其他栖息地有何不同?
B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?B.动物的体型如何影响动物对食物的需求?
C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?C.为什么雨林为动物提供了不同寻常的食物?
D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?D.为什么大型动物倾向于支配热带雨林的上层树冠?
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】这篇文章主要描述了动物栖息在树冠层的优点,第一段先介绍树冠上常见的栖息动物;接着后面三段通过对小型哺乳动物和大型哺乳动物在树冠层生存的对比,来介绍大型动物更有利于支配雨林的上层树冠,如第三段第一句“小型身材利于它们在树冠的树枝和树干间攀爬来寻找昆虫、花、或水果,但在对食物的竞争上小型哺乳动物却被大型哺乳动物超越,大型的动物有它们自己的策略来穿梭于食物丰富的树枝间”,以及最后一段第一句“小型攀援动物能够容易地爬树枝,但相比大型攀援动物来说,它们更难跨过从一个树冠到另一个高树冠之间的宽间隙”,所以D项是文章回答的问题。
【干扰项排除】
A、C选项文中没有对雨林进行比较,属于无中生有;
B选项属于以偏概全,不够全面。
9.单选题
The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.
WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.
TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.
WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.
Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.
1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto(
).
2.TheThamesis
(
)
theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.
3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt
(
).
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?
问题1选项
A.rowers
B.businessmen
C.writers
D.farmers
问题2选项
A.longerthan
B.aslongal
C.shorterthan
D.notshorterthan
问题3选项
A.hydraulicmachines
B.amovablefloodbarrier
C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers
D.athickstonewellintheriver
问题4选项
A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople
B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters
C.TheThamesmirrorstheebbandflowofLondon
D.TheThamesisthelongestriverinEngland
问题5选项
A.TheThamesusedtobedeveloped
B.TheThamesfloodssometimes
C.TheNormansbuiltthecityLondinium
D.PaintersdrawtheirinspirationfromtheThames
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节判断题。文章关于泰晤士河给哪些人带来利益的描述在第三段:Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration(例如,对于划手来说,这是一条“运动之河”,但对于商业人士来说,这是一条工作之河。画家和作家认为泰晤士河是灵感的源泉)。因此四个选项中,泰晤士没有带来利益的是D项“农民”。
2.判断推理题。第一段将泰晤士河,尼罗河,亚马逊河和密西西比河做了比较:itisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi(对比尼罗河,亚马逊河和密西西比河,泰晤士河只能算作一条小河流)。由此推断泰晤士河短一些。故选C项。
3.细节事实题。文中第四段提到“topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld'slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972”,可知为了防止洪水的爆发,1972年建立了世界上最大的移动式防洪屏障。答案为B。
4.主旨大意题。文章第二段讲了泰晤士河见证了伦敦的衰落,文中最后一段讲了现在伦敦建立了高楼大厦以及伦敦的变化,可见泰晤士河见证了伦敦的衰落。C项“泰晤士河见证了伦敦的起伏”比较能概括全文
5.细节事实题。四个选项为:A:泰晤士河曾经是繁荣的,错误,第二段说泰晤士河以前旁边只有沼泽河岸。
10.不定项选择题
Predictingthefutureisriskybusinessforascientist.Itissafetosay,however,thattheglobalAIDSepidemicwillgetmuchworsebeforeitgetsanybetter.Sadly,thismodernplaguewillbewithusforseveralgenerations,despitemajorscientificadvances.
AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone,theAIDSvirushasbecomethedeadliestmicrobeintheworld,morelethalthanevenTBandmalaria.Thereare34developingcountrieswheretheprevalenceofthisinfectionis2%orgreater.InAfricanearlyadozencountrieshavearatehigherthan10%,includingfoursouthernAfricannationsinwhichaquarterofthepeopleareinfected.Andthesituationcontinuestoworsen;morethan6millionnewinfectionsappearedin1999.Thisislikecondemning16,000peopleeachdaytoaslowandmiserabledeath.
Fortunately,theAIDSstoryhasnotbeenallgloomanddoom.LessthantwoyearsafterAIDSwasrecognized,theguiltyagent—humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,orHIV—wasidentified.WenowknowmoreaboutHIVthanaboutanyothervirus,and14AIDSdrugshavebeendevelopedandlicensedintheU.S.andWesternEurope.
Theepidemiccontinuestorage,however,inSouthAmerica,EasternEuropeandsub-SaharanAfrica.Bytheyear2025,AIDSwillbebyfarthemajorkillerofyoungAfricans,decreasinglifeexpectancytoaslowas40yearsinsomecountriesandsingle-handedlyerasingthepublichealthgainsofthepast50years.
ItisAsia,withitshugepopulationatrisk,thatwillhavethebiggestimpactontheglobalspreadofAIDS.Themagnitudeofthepandemiccouldrangefrom100millionto1billion,dependinglargelyonwhathappensinIndiaandChina.FourmillionpeoplehavealreadybecomeHIV-positiveinIndia,andinfectionislikelytoreachseveralpercentinapopulationof1billion.HalfamillionChinesearenowinfected;thetrajectoryofChina’sepidemic,however,islesscertain.
AnexplosiveAIDSepidemicintheU.S.isunlikely.Instead,HIVinfectionwillcontinuetofesterinabout0.5%ofthepopulation.Butthecomplexionoftheepidemicwillchange.NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.Nevertheless,Americanpatientswilllivequalitylivesfordecades,thankstoadvancesinmedicalresearch.Dozensofpowerfulandwell-toleratedAIDSdrugswillbedeveloped,aswillnovelmeanstorestoretheimmunesystem.
AcureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.
1.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext?
2.Thephrase“gloomanddoom”(L1,Para.3)probablymeans()
3.Whichofthefollowingstatisticsiscorrectaccordingtothetext?
4.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat()
5.Accordingtotheauthor,thecureforAIDSwillprobablymainlydependson()
问题1选项
A.TheSpreadofHIV...AndWillWeEverCureAIDS?
B.TheWorseSituationofAIDS...WillAIDSRuinHumanBeing?
C.TheStatisticsofAIDS...WillAIDSSpreadaroundtheWorld?
D.TheExpansionofHIV...WillAsiaBecometheCoreofAIDS?
问题2选项
A.obscurityandsadness.
B.darknessanddespair.
C.ruinanddeath.
D.disappointmentandend.
问题3选项
A.InIndia,thereare4,000,000peopl
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