考研考博-英语-大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Somescientistshypothesizedthatthereareintellectualbeingsonsome（

）bodies.

问题1选项

A.astronautic

B.celestial

C.astronomical

D.astrological

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项astronautic“太空航行的，宇航员的”，C项astronomical“天文的，天文学的”，D项astrological“占星的，占星学的，占星术的”，B项celestial“天上的，天空的”，celestialbody表示“天体”。由intellectualbeings“有智力的生物”可知，空格部分表示“在一些天体上”。句意：一些科学家假设某些天体上有智慧生物。因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题

Theworldofeducationiscurrentlyundergoingamassivetransformationasaresultofthedigitalrevolution.Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.Intheapprenticeshipera,mostofwhatpeoplelearnedoccurredoutsideofschool.Universalschoolingledpeopletoidentifylearningwithschool,butnowtheidentificationofthetwoisunraveling.

Allarounduspeoplearelearningwiththeaidofnewtechnologies:childrenareplayingcomplexvideogames,workersareinteractingwithsimulationsthatputtheminchallengingsituations,studentsaretakingcoursesatonlinehighschoolsandcolleges,andadultsareconsultingWikipedia.Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.Thesenewlearningnichesenablepeopleofallagestopursuelearningontheirownterms.Peoplearoundtheworldaretakingtheireducationoutofschoolintohomes,libraries,Internetcafesandworkplaces,wheretheycandecidewhattheywanttolearn,whentheywanttolearn,andhowtheywanttolearn.

Whowillbenefitultimatelyfromthisrevolution?InAmericathereisacommercialpushtoselleducationalproductstoconsumerswhoarelookingforanedgeupintheraceforsuccess.ThismeansthattechnologicalproductsandservicesarepoppingupallovertheAmericanlandscape.Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.WethinkschoolshaveservedAmericaandtheworldverywell.Wegreatlyadmiretheteacherswhohavededicatedthemselvestohelpingchildrenfromdifferentbackgroundstolearnandthriveinachangingworld.Schoolshavemadeinvaluablecontributionstotheworld'sdevelopmentandwethinktheywillcontinuetodosowellintothefuture.

However,wethinkitistimethateducatorsandpolicymakersstarttorethinkeducationapartfromschooling.Educationisalifelongenterprise,whileschoolingformostencompassesonlyagesfiveto18or21.Evenwhenstudentsareinschoolmuchoftheireducationhappensoutsideofschool.Weallknowthattechnologyhastransformedourlargersociety.Ithasbecomecentraltopeople'sreading,writing,calculating,andthinking,whicharethemajorconcernsofschooling.Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.

Thecentralchallengeiswhetherourcurrentschoolswillbeabletoadaptandincorporatethenewpoweroftechnology-drivenlearningforthenextgenerationofpublicschooling.Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.

1.Whatcausedtheemergenceofuniversalschoolinginthe19thcentury?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2ndparagraphabouttheauthor'sviewonnewtechnologies?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thedigitalrevolutionisbeneficialfor（

）.

4.Theword"periphery"inthe4paragraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thedigitalrevolution

B.theindustrialrevolution

C.thelearners'identification

D.thenewapproachtoeducation

问题2选项

A.Theonlineeducationwouldreplacethetraditionalcolleges.

B.Theleadingpositionofuniversitiesandschoolsmightbeunderthreat.

C.Thecomputersimulationcouldprovideworkerswithmoreopportunities.

D.Thelearningstrategiesandstyleswouldbedecidedbynewtechnologies.

问题3选项

A.theteachersinschoolsandcolleges

B.thebusinessmenstrivingforsuccess

C.thestudentsoutsideschoolsandcolleges

D.thebetter-offpurchasingeducationalproducts

问题4选项

A.theoutsideboundary

B.thespecialsites

C.theinnercircle

D.therelateddepartment

问题5选项

A.topresentthepowerofnewtechnologies

B.todescribethetransformationoflearningapproach

C.toadvocatethereformofeducationintheageoftechnology

D.toanalyzetheintegrationofnewtechnologiesintoschooling

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.（这种转变类似于19世纪工业革命后从学徒制向普及教育的转变）可知选B。

第2题:观点态度题。由文章第二段中Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.（新技术创造了挑战传统学校和大学的学习机会）可知B选项“大学和学校的领导地位可能受到威胁”符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.（教育曾经被视为人人享有平等机会的公共利益，现在出售给那些能够负担得起专门服务和计算机程序的人）可知选D，作者认为，数字革命有利于较富裕的人购买教育产品。

第4题:词义题。theoutsideboundary意为“外界”；thespecialsites意为“特殊地点”；theinnercircle意为“核心集团，内圈”；therelateddepartment意为“相关部门”。由Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.（然而，技术一直保存在学校的外围，大部分只在专业课程中使用）可知选A。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了数字革命给教育带来的改革，学校教育受到挑战。由最后一段中Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.（如果学校不能成功地将新技术融入学校教育，那么过去150年来发展起来的对学校教育的长期认同就会消失。将进入一个富裕的学生在公立学校之外继续学习的世界）可知作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导科技时代的教育改革，因此选C。

3.单选题

Thismonumentimagewasdesignedto（stirup）emotionsofaweandrespect,butcouldscarcelyevokefeelingsofwarmthandaffection.

问题1选项

A.tangle

B.teem

C.stipulate

D.agitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。stirup表示“激起，煽动”；A项tangle“（使）缠结在一起，（使）乱成一团”，B项teem“大量出现，充满”，C项stipulate“规定，保证”，D项agitate“摇动，骚动”。句意：这个纪念碑形象的设计是为了激起敬畏和尊敬的情绪，但几乎不能唤起温暖和喜爱的感情。根据句意可知，该题选择D项正确。

4.单选题

Themoodoftheeveningis___justasitiseveryyearwhenthistopicisbroughtup.

问题1选项

A.destroyed

B.damaged

C.ruined

D.spoiled

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.destroyed破坏；摧毁B.damaged损害

C.ruined毁灭D.spoiled破坏；破坏……的兴致

【考察点】近义词辨析。

【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“破坏”的意思。空格处是一个被动语态。空格处的动词用来说明mood“心情”被怎么样了。Mood做主语，句意为每当这个话题被提起时，夜晚的心情就被破坏了。只有D选项spoil指破坏……的兴致符合句子语境。因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项destroy的基本意思是用任何力量“破坏，毁坏”，用于物时，指破坏或毁坏有用的事物;用于人时，指用武力或暴力“杀死”“毁灭”“消灭”敌人等；

B选项damage的基本意思是“损害，伤害”，主要指自然力或人为地在价值、完整性、效能等方面造成损害，一般是局部地、非彻底地、可修复地，可以用于有形物，也可以用于无形物，还可表示对经济信心等造成坏的结果或影响；

C选项ruin的基本意思是“破坏，毁掉”，常指因暴力、自然灾害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毁坏，强调倒塌成碎片，也可指健康、声望、容貌、气节、价值等受到严重损坏。

以上选项均不能和mood搭配。

【句意】就像每年提起这个话题一样，整个晚上的气氛都被破坏了。

5.单选题

VI.(Jurisprudence)

AmericanLegalRealismwasthemostimportantindigenousjurisprudentialmovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe20th-century,havingaprofoundimpactnotonlyonAmericanlegaleducationandscholarship,butalsoonlawreformandlawyering.UnlikeitsScandinaviancousin,AmericanLegalRealismwasnotprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrinesfromsemanticsandepistemology.TheRealistswerelawyers(plusafewsocialscientists),notphilosophers,andtheirmotivationswere,accordingly,different.Aslawyers,theywerereachingagainstthedominant“mechanicaljurisprudence”or“formalism”oftheirday.“Formalism”inthesensepertinenthere,heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons,whichjustifyauniqueresultinmostcases(perhapseverycase).TheRealistsargued,instead,thatcarefulempiricalconsiderationofhowcourtsreallydecidecasesrevealsthattheydecidenotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbased(roughlyspeaking)ontheirsenseofwhatwouldbeonthefactsofthecase.Legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyaspost-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations.BecausetheRealistsnevermadeexplicittheirphilosophicalpresuppositionsaboutthenatureoflawortheirconceptionoflegaltheory,oneoftheimportantjurisprudentialtasksforRealiststodayisaphilosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviews,especiallyagainstthecriticismsoflegalphilosophers,notablyH.L.A.Hart.

ButRealismalsoborethemarksofanintellectualculturewhichitdidsharewithitsScandinaviancousin.Thisculture—thedominantoneintheWesternworldfromthemid-19thcenturythroughatleastthemiddleofthelastcentury—wasdeeply“positivistic”,inthesensethatitviewsnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge,andthoughtallotherdisciplines(fromsocialsciencetolegalstudy)shouldemulatethemethodsofnaturalscience.Chiefamongthelatterwasthemethodofempiricaltesting:hypotheseshadtobetestedagainstobservationsoftheworld.ThustheRealistsfrequentlyclaimedthatexistingarticulationsofthe“law”werenot,infact,“confirmed”byactualobservationofwhatthecourtwerereallydoing.AlsoinfluentialonsomeRealistswasbehaviorisminpsychology—JohnWatson’sversion,notthelater,andbetter-known,brandassociatedwithB.F.Skinner—whichwasitselfinthegripsofa“positivistic”conceptionofknowledgeandmethod.

BrianLeiter:AmericanLegalRealism

71.AmericanLegalRealismhadaprofoundimpactontheflowingbut___.

72.Fromthe1stparagraphwecanknowthatScandinavianRealists___.

73.TheAmericanRealistsarguedthat___.

74.WhatistheintellectualculturethatAmericanRealismshareswithitsScandinaviancousin?

问题1选项

A.Americanlegaleducation

B.Americanlegalscholarship

C.Americanlawreform

D.Americanlawyers

问题2选项

A.werephilosophers

B.wereprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrines

C.werereachingagainst“mechanicaljurisprudence”

D.heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons

问题3选项

A.courtsdecidecasesnotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbasedontheirsenseof“fairness”

B.legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyasprior-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations

C.philosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviewsarenecessary

D.carefulempiricalconsiderationrevealsthatcourtsdecidecasesprimarilybecauseoflaw

问题4选项

A.Existingarticulationsofthe“law”werenot“confirmed”byactualobservationofwhatthecourtwerereallydoing.

B.Methodofempiricaltesting.

C.Takingnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge.

D.Alldisciplinesshouldalsoemulatethemethodsofnaturalscience.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】71.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段AmericanLegalRealismwasthemostimportantindigenousjurisprudentialmovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe20th-century,havingaprofoundimpactnotonlyonAmericanlegaleducationandscholarship,butalsoonlawreformandlawyering.（美国法律现实主义运动是20世纪美国最重要的本土法学运动，不仅对美国的法学教育和学术产生了深远的影响，而且对美国的法律改革和律师业也产生了深远的影响）可知A选项“美国法律教育”，B选项“美国法律学术”，C选项“美国法律改革”符合原文；D选项“美国律师”原文未提及。因此D选项符合题意。

72.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“Scandinavian”定位到原文第一段UnlikeitsScandinaviancousin,AmericanLegalRealismwasnotprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrinesfromsemanticsandepistemology.TheRealistswerelawyers(plusafewsocialscientists),notphilosophers,andtheirmotivationswere,accordingly,different.（与它的斯堪的那维亚表亲不同，美国法律现实主义主要不是从语义学和认识论的实质哲学学说的法律的延伸。现实主义者是律师（加上一些社会科学家），而不是哲学家，因此，他们的动机是不同的）可以推测出斯堪的那维亚的法律现实主义者们是哲学家，选A选项“是哲学家”，同时可知B选项“主要是实质性哲学理论对法律的延伸”错误，原文只是说美国法律现实主义主要不是从语义学和认识论的实质哲学学说的法律的延伸，没有说斯堪的那维亚的法律现实主义是否是实质性哲学理论对法律的延伸，B选项偷换概念；第一段Aslawyers,theywerereachingagainstthedominant“mechanicaljurisprudence”or“formalism”oftheirday.“Formalism”inthesensepertinenthere,heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons,whichjustifyauniqueresultinmostcases(perhapseverycase).（作为律师，他们（指的是美国的现实主义者）与当时占主导地位的“机械法学”或“形式主义”相抗衡。这里所指的“形式主义”认为，法官根据不同的法律规则和理由来判决案件，这些规则和理由在大多数案件（也许是每一个案件）中证明一个独特的结果是正当的）可知C选项“与‘机械法学’相抵触”和D选项“认为法官根据不同的法律规则和理由判决案件”也属于偷换概念。因此A选项正确。

73.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段最后一句BecausetheRealistsnevermadeexplicittheirphilosophicalpresuppositionsaboutthenatureoflawortheirconceptionoflegaltheory,oneoftheimportantjurisprudentialtasksforRealiststodayisaphilosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviews,especiallyagainstthecriticismsoflegalphilosophers,notablyH.L.A.Hart.（由于现实主义者从未对法律的性质或法律理论的概念作出明确的哲学预设，因此，现实主义者今天的重要法理学任务之一就是对这些观点进行哲学重构和辩护，尤其是反对法律哲学家的批评，尤其是H.L.A.Hart）可知C选项“这些观点的哲学重建和辩护是必要的”符合原文；第一段Realistsargued,instead,thatcarefulempiricalconsiderationofhowcourtsreallydecidecasesrevealsthattheydecidenotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbased(roughlyspeaking)ontheirsenseofwhatwouldbeonthefactsofthecase.（相反，现实主义者认为，对法院如何真正判决案件进行仔细的实证研究表明，法院的判决主要不是因为法律，而是基于（粗略地说）他们对案件事实的判断）可知A选项“法院判决案件主要不是基于法律，而是基于他们的‘公平感’”以及D选项“仔细的实证研究表明，法院决定案件主要是因为法律”错误；第一段Legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyaspost-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations.（法律规则和理由仅仅是根据非法律考虑做出的决定的事后合理化）可知B选项“法律规则和理由仅仅是根据非法律考虑做出的决定的临时合理化”错误。因此C选项正确。

74.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段开头ButRealismalsoborethemarksofanintellectualculturewhichitdidsharewithitsScandinaviancousin.Thisculture…wasdeeply“positivistic”,inthesensethatitviewsnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge…（但现实主义也带有知识文化的印记，它确实与它的斯堪的纳维亚表亲有共同之处。这种文化……是非常“实证主义”的，因为它把自然科学视为所有真知的范式……）可知选C选项“以自然科学为所有真知的范式”；A选项“‘法律’的现有条文并没有通过对法院实际行动的实际观察而得到‘确认’”，B选项“实证检验方法”以及D选项“所有学科都应该仿效自然科学的方法”并不符合题意，排除。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorhersenseoffearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

问题1选项

A.afrail;insecurity

B.avaliant;phobias

C.anambitious;mortify

D.aludicrous;laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容词和名词辨析。第一个空考查的是形容词的辨析，frail“脆弱的，薄弱的，抵不住诱惑的”;valiant“勇敢的，有价值的”;ambitious“有野心的，有抱负的”；ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”；根据句尾的thinandofteneasilybreached推断出第一个空应该填frail;第二个空考查的是名词辨析，insecurity“不安全，无保障”；phobias“憎恶；恐惧症”；mortify“克制，抑制（肉体、情感等）”作动词；laughter“笑，笑声”；根据关键词thesenseof和句子的整体意思‘人类是一种极为脆弱的生物体，因为掩盖着其恐惧感和不安全感的那层理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’可以推断出此处应该填insecurity,所以A选项正确。

7.单选题

MissHelenalwaysbuys（

）pricedclothes.

问题1选项

A.higher

B.high

C.highest

D.highly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：海伦小姐经常买高价的衣服。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Thecarinfront____suddenlyatthetrafficlight.

问题1选项

A.pulledin

B.pulledinto

C.pulledup

D.pulledthrough

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pulledin停下B.pulledinto驶入……后停下，如进站、进车库等

C.pulledup慢慢停下D.pulledthrough渡过难关

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填的内容，受副词suddenly“突然地”修饰，并且主语为“前面的车”，后文为“在红绿灯处”，参考选项推断原句表达的句意为“前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下”。因此，A选项“停下”符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项pulledinto侧重于指驶入某处后停下，如进站、进车库等，与“在红绿灯处”矛盾；

C选项pulledup侧重于指慢慢停下，与suddenly“突然地”矛盾；

D选项pulledthrough“渡过难关”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下。

9.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Allrespondentswereafraidofmakingahighexpenseclaim.

B.Anumberofrespondentsgaveanaverageanswerof400miles.

C.Over10%oftherespondentsliedaboutthedistancetheydrove.

D.Mostoftherespondentsgotcompensatedfordriving384miles.

问题2选项

A.Theyrespondedtocolleagues’suspicion.

B.Theycaredaboutotherpeople’sclaims.

C.Theywantedtoprotecttheirreputation.

D.Theyendeavoredtoactuallybehonest.

问题3选项

A.Theyseempositive.

B.Theyareintuitive.

C.Theyareillustrative.

D.Theyareconclusive.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

【解析】RecordingTwo

Now,believeitornot.Peoplesometimeslieinordertomaintainagood,honestreputation—evenifithurtsthemtodoso.Atleast,thisiswhatateamofscientistsissuggesting,withevidencetoproveit.

Picturethisscenario:Youoftendriveforworkandcanbecompensatedforupto400milespermonth.Mostpeopleatyourcompanydriveabout300mileseachmonth.Butthismonth,youdrove400miles.Howmanymilesdoyouthinkyou’dclaiminyourexpensereport?

Thescientistsaskedthisexactquestionaspartofthestudywe’rediscussingtoday.Withsurprisingresults,[19]theyfoundthat12%ofrespondentsreportedthedistancetheydroveaslessthantheactualfigure,givinganaverageanswerof384miles.Inotherwords,theyliedabouttheirnumberofmiles,eventhoughtheywouldforfeitmoneytheywereowed.

Theresearchersbelievethiswastoseemhonest,withtheassumptionbeingthatotherswouldbesuspiciousofahighexpenseclaim.Butwhywouldpeoplefabricatenumberstotheirowndetriment?Theresearchersexplainedthatmanypeoplecareagreatdealabouttheirreputationandhowthey’llbejudgedbyothers.Iftheycareenough,theyconcernedaboutappearinghonestandnotlosingtheirrespectofothers,maybegreaterthantheirdesiretoactuallybehonest.

Theresearchersassertthattheyfindanewsuggestthatwhenpeopleobtainveryfavorableoutcomes,theyanticipateotherpeople’ssuspiciousreactionsandpreferlyingandappearinghonesttotellingthetruthandappearingasselfishliars.

Sowhyisthisresearchimportant?Well,expertsgenerallyagreedtherearetwomaintypesoflie,selfishliarsandliarsthataremeanttobenefitothers.Thefirst,asyoumaypredict,isforselfishgain,suchassubmittingafraudulentclaimtoaninsurancecompany;whilethesecondinvolveslyingtohelpothersornotoffendothers,forexample,tellingafriendwhoseoutfityoudon’tlikethattheylookgreat.

Buttheresearchersaresuggestingathirdtypeoflying:[20]lyingtomaintainagoodreputation.Nowthishypothesisisnewandsomeskepticsarguethatthisisn’tawholenewcategoryoflie.[21]Butthefindingsseemintuitivetome.Afterall,oneofthemainmotivationsforlyingistoincreaseourworthintheeyesofothers,soitseemshighlylikelythatpeoplewilllietoseemhonest.

19.Whatdidtheteamofscientistfindintheirstudy?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问科学家团队在他们的研究中发现了什么？录音中提到，他们（科学家们）发现12%的受访者报告的行驶距离比实际数字要少，给出的平均答案是384英里。换句话说，他们（受访者）在里程数上撒了谎。C选项“超过10%的受访者在开车的距离上撒了谎”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“所有的受访者都害怕提出高额的费用报销”表述过于绝对，录音中说的是12%的受访者，因此A选项不正确；B选项“许多受访者给出的平均答案是400英里”表述不准确，这里只是12%的受访者，并不是很多受访者给出的答案；D选项“大多数受访者因驾驶384英里而获得赔偿”在文中没有提及，因此排除。

20.Whywouldpeoplefabricatenumberstotheirowndetrimentaccordingtotheresearchers?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问根据研究人员的说法，为什么人们会捏造对自己不利的行车里数？录音中提到研究人员解释说，很多人非常在意自己的声誉，以及别人会如何评价自己。因此C选项“他们想要保护自己的声誉”正确。A选项“他们对同事的怀疑作出回应”和B选项“他们关心别人的要求”利用录音中的关键词进行干扰，实际与原文表述不符；D选项“他们努力做到真正的诚实”与录音中为了声誉撒谎的意思恰好相反，因此不正确。

21.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheresearchers’findings?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者对研究人员的发现有什么看法？说话者说这些发现似乎很直观（seemintuitive），B选项“它们看起来很直观”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它们看起来是积极的”；C选项“它们是说明性的”和D选项“它们是结论性的”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

10.单选题

Windandwatercause（）inrocksandsoil.

问题1选项

A.conversion

B.erosion

C.depression

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conversion“转变”；B选项erosion“腐蚀”；C选项depression“沮丧；洼地；不景气；忧愁；低气压区”；D选项diversion“令人分心的事物；改道”。句意：风和水让岩石和土壤……。风和水对岩石和土壤有侵蚀作用。因此B选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

问题1选项

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。takeon意为“承担，接受，雇用”；takeup意为“开始从事”；takeout意为“取出，除去”；takeover意为“接收，接管”。

句意：他的衬衫工厂发展很快，以至于他必须雇佣更多的工人。

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

美国的一位顶尖心理学家说，如果人们关注于六个具体要素就会感到幸福。这六个要素分别是：活在当下（M）,有好奇心（C），做喜欢的事（L）,为他人着想（T）,培养关系（N）,

照顾身体（B）。公式就是：感觉很棒=（活在当下x16+好奇心+做喜欢的事x2）+（为他人着想x5+培养关系x2+照顾身体x33）。

弗吉尼亚州乔治梅•森（Mason）大学的托徳-卡什丹博士（DrToddKashdan）对英国人幸福程度的全国性研究结果进行了评价。他说：“感觉幸福没有单一的诀窍，但当这六种成分都添加进来并正确配比后，你就会感觉人生很幸福。这六种成分的每一种都需要付出一点努力，你只要知道你的努力会给你带来极大的回报。”

委任这次研究的整形外科手术营销总监史蒂芬•泰勒（StephenTayler）说：“我们无比高兴地看到与卡什丹博士的合作创建了幸福感的真正公式：我们希望幸福公式将继续帮助提振精祌，让全英国人民的脸上都有笑容。”

【答案】Ifpeoplefocusonthesixspecificfactorsidentified,theywillfeelgood,accordingtoatopUSpsychologist.Thefactorsareliveinthemoment(M),becurious(C),dosomethingyoulove(L),thinkofothers(T),nurturerelationships(N),andcareofyourbody(B).AndtheformulaisFeelingGood=(MxI6+C+Lx2)+(Tx5+Nx2+Bx33)。

DrToddKashdan,ofGeorgeMasonUniversityinVirginia,reviewedtheresultsofnationwideresearchintohowBritishfeel.Hesaid:“Thereisnosinglesecrettofeelinggood,butwhenthesesixingredientsarecarefullyattendedto,intherightdoses,youwillbeontargetforahappylife.“Eachoftheingredientsrequiresabitofwork.Justknowthatyourhardworkwillleadtothegreatestrewardspossible.”

StevenTaylor,marketingdirectorofTransformCosmeticSurgery,whocommissionedtheresearch,said:“Wecouldn’tbemorepleasedthatthepartnershipwithDrKashdanledtothecreationofanactualformulatoFeelGood,WehopethattheFeelGoodFormulawillcontinuetohelpboostspiritsandputasmileonfacesacrosstheUK.”

13.单选题

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

问题1选项

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项incredible“难以置信的”；B选项inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”；C选项incredulous“怀疑的、不轻信的”；D选项indifferent“冷漠的、不关心的”，句意为：当他听到这个意外的消息时，他觉得不可思议，但我最终说服了他。A选项符合句意，因此选A。

14.单选题

Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.

问题1选项

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机，它是一个可选的附加设备。

考查形容词辨析。excessive过多的；过分的；optional可选择的：随意的；additional附加的；额外的：arbitrary武断的；专制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机”可知，B项正确。

15.单选题

Theirmindsandbodiesworkfasterthanmost（

）races,makingthemseemrestlessorhyperactive.

问题1选项

A.sapient

B.clever

C.smart

D.brave

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。sapient聪明的，有智慧的；clever机灵的；smart敏捷的；brave勇敢的。句意：他们的心智与身体比大部分智人种类运作的还快，使他们显得有些性急或亢奋。只有A项符合句意。Sapientrace指“智人种类“

16.单选题

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan（）tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

问题1选项

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的论据未标明，人类在这些资源的使用上能浪费得起。

考查动词辨析。resort常去，求助，诉诸，resortto依靠，求助于；;grant授予，允许，承认，grantto同意给予，准予；afford给予，提供，承担得起;affordto（有条件）做，承担得起，负担得起；entitle给……称号，使……有权利。因此C符合句意。

17.单选题

Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost______andbeneficialformofcare.

问题1选项

A.pertinent

B.appropriate

C.acute

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pertinent“（说话，话题等）切题的，（意见，建议等）相关的”；B选项appropriate“恰当的，适当的”；C选项acute“十分严重的，(疾病)急性的，灵敏的”；D选项persistent“持久的，持续的”。句意：对许多病人来说，机构护理是最适当和最有益的护理形式。

18.单选题

Icanvouchforhis（

）,Ihavealwaysfoundhimveracious.

问题1选项

A.reputation

B.steadiness

C.truth

D.honesty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项reputation“名声；名誉”；B选项steadiness“稳定；稳健”；C选项truth“真理；事实”；D选项honesty“诚实；正直”。句意：我可以为他的······担保，我总觉得他很诚实。本题需要找的是与veracious“诚实的；真正的”含义相近的名词，才会有“我可为他担保”，因此D选项符合题意。

19.单选题

IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould（）mycold.

问题1选项

A.heat

B.cure

C.treat

D.recover

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:heat“使温暖，使发热”；B:cure“治疗，治愈”；C:treat“对待；治疗”；D:recover“恢复；重新获得”。句意：假如这种药我一天吃两次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。结合此处语境，和感冒相关，故B为正确答案。

20.单选题

Becauseoftheirchemicalstructure,syntheticdyesgenerally（

）

moreslowlythannaturalones.

问题1选项

A.penetrate

B.evaporate

C.fade

D.secede

【答案】C

【解析】penetrate渗透,看透；evaporate蒸发,挥发；fade褪色；secede脱离,退出。句意：由于化学结构的原因,合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。选项C符合句意。

21.单选题

Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynVosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenVosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?

ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikeVosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.

Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.

1.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligenttest?

2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?

3.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasVosSavant’sbecause______

4.Wecanconc