考研考博-英语-大连枫叶职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连枫叶职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.填空题

Chongqing（1）tobepartofSichuan,butitwas（2）fromtheprovincein1997andmade（3）self-governingmunicipality.Thenewpoliticalunithasapopulation（4）about33millionpeople,butonly7.5millionofthemliveintheurbanarea.The（5）ofthemliveinthenearbydistrictsthatarepartofthemunicipality.

【答案】1.used

2.separated

3.a

4.of

5.rest

【解析】1.固定搭配。usedtobe曾经是。

2.固定搭配。beseparatedfrom与……分离

3.语法分析。此处填不定冠词a,表示“一个”。

4.语义题。Hasapopulationof后面接具体人数表示“有…人”。

5.语义题。Rest其余的。

2.单选题

Forthelast20yearsorsothesubjectofglobalwarminghas（）heateddebateamongtheworld’sbrightestminds.

问题1选项

A.spawned

B.injected

C.modeled

D.moved

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在过去20年左右的时间里，全球变暖这个话题在全球最聪明的头脑中引发了激烈的辩论。只有选项A有引起的意思，所以正确。

3.单选题

Insomeculturestheessenceofmagicisitstraditionalintegrity;itcanbeefficientonlyifithasbeen（）withoutlossfromprimevaltimestothepresentpractitioner.

问题1选项

A.aggrandized

B.realized

C.transmitted

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。句意：在某些文化中魔术的本质是其传统的完整性；只有当它从远古时代毫发无损地

到今天的从业人员手中时它才是有效的。

aggrandized夸大；realized实现；transmitted传输，传送；manipulated操作。选项C“传输，传送”符合句意，在此意为“传承”。

4.单选题

“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthatsayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmouths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,conditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKinghton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakesenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Theyarethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowever,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholProblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends9house.”

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomthemselvesstuckresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest（

）.

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat（

）

4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage（Para3.Line4）probablymeans（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?

问题1选项

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentscanliveindependently

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents.

问题2选项

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools

问题3选项

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoing

C.theyoungadultstendtotheoverprotectedbytheirparents

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents

问题4选项

A.agreements

B.worries

C.disadvantages

D.quarrels

问题5选项

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpense.

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一种错误的观点：孩子到了18岁就应该离家独立；有社会学家称中产阶级中这一观念有着重大的转变。由此可知，在以前的美国社会中，大多数成年的子女都会离开家庭独立生活，所以选项A符合题意。

2.文章第二段提及年轻成年人返回家的原因：结婚年龄上升；离婚率上升和再婚率下降，使得情感受挫以及经济压力大的人重新寻求父母的庇护；去离家远的大学上学花费大，所以很多人都选择当地的大学。选项A、C、D都在文章中提到了，所以选项B符合题意。

3.文章第三段提到年轻人与父母居住会造成生活上的一些不便，比如洗手间，电话和隐私的争议等等，选项A符合题意。

4.hassles所在的句子：Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.由前后问可知，这里讲述的是年轻人与父母居住造成生活中的一些不便，所以hassles在这里有“争论，争吵”的意思，比如关于洗手间、电话和隐私的争执。选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一段指出大多数心理学家认为成年子女与父母一起生活对双方都不好：子女本来想自我独立，却被挫败；父母本应该享受经济和个人自由，却又被责任束缚。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itmayputtoomuchpressureonteammembers.

B.Itmayharmthecultureoftoday’sworkplace.

C.Itmayhinderindividualcareeradvancement.

D.Itmayresultinunwillingnesstotakerisks.

问题2选项

A.Theycanhardlygiveexpressiontotheiroriginalviews.

B.Theymayeventuallylosetheirconfidenceandcreativity.

C.Theycanbecomelessmotivatedtodoprojectsoftheirown.

D.Theymayfindithardtogettheircontributionsrecognized.

问题3选项

A.Theycangetchancestoengageinresearch.

B.Theycanenlargetheirprofessionalcircle.

C.Theycancompletetheprojectmoreeasily.

D.Theycanmakethebestuseoftheirexpertise.25.

问题4选项

A.Itmaypreventmakingatimelydecision.

B.Itmaycauselotsofargumentsinateam.

C.Itmaydepriveateamofbusinessopportunities.

D.Itmaygiverisetoalotofunnecessaryexpenses.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’dliketotalkaboutthedangersofbeingtoocollaborative.Beingagoodteamplayerisacentralskillinourmodernworkplace.Theabilitytoworkwellwithothersandcollaborateonprojectsisasought-afterabilityinnearlyeveryposition.However,[22]placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayercannegativelyaffectyourcareergrowth.

Don’tbeoverlyfocusedongainingconsensus.Don’tbetooconcernedwiththeopinionsofothers.Thiscanhinderyourabilitytomakedecisions,speakupandgainrecognitionforyourindividualskillsandstrengths.

Somepeoplearetoosubordinatetoothers’opinions,toofocusedondecisionconsensus,toosilentabouttheirownpointofview,tooagreeabletotakethingsonwhentheydon’thavetimeorenergy.Thisleadstobuildingabrandofunderconfident,submissive,low-impactnon-leadersandhampersthen-growthandcareeradvancement.

[23]Collaborationcertainlymakesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify.Collaborativeprojectsmeanyou’resharingthespotlightwithothers.Outsidersmaythenfinditdifficulttodetermineyourcontributionsandstrengths.Thismayendupcostingyouopportunitiesforpromotionsorpayraises.Youcertainlyshouldn’tditchteamwork,buthowcanyouavoidthehazardsofbeinganover-collaborator?

Workinginateamcanhavehugebenefits.Yourteammayhaverepeatedsuccessesandoftengainrecognition,[24]youthenhavemoreopportunitiestoexpandyourprofessionalnetworkthanifyouworkedalone.However,findingabalancebetweenteameffortsandindividualprojectsthatgiveyouindependentrecognitionisimportantformakinganameforyourselfandprovidingopportunitiesforadvancement.

Beselectiveinwhoyouworkwith.Thiswillmaximizethebenefitsandminimizethedownsidesofbeingateamplayer.Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise.Selectprojectswherethere’spotentialformutualbenefit.Perhapsyou’rebringingyouruniqueknowledgeandgainingaccesstosomeoneelse’sprofessionalnetwork.Ormaybeyou’reabletolearnanewskillbyworkingwithsomeone.Seekoutyourteammatespurposefullyratherthanjumpingoneverynewgroupprojectopportunity.

Whenwe’retoocollaborative,wewanteveryonetoagreewithadecisionbeforeweproceed.[25]Thiscancreateunnecessarydelaysasyouholdmeetingstryingtoachieveconsensus.It’sfinetobecollaborativewhenseekinginput,butputadeadlineontheinputstageandarriveatadecision,evenifit’sadecisionthatdoesn’thaveconsensus.

22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingovercollaborative?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是录音中给出的关于过度合作的信息。录音开头提到过于强调成为一个好的团队成员会对职业发展产生负面影响，这里placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayer即问题中所说的beingovercollaborative,因此C选项“可能阻碍个人职业发展”符合原文。A选项“它可能给团队成员带来太大压力”；B选项“它可能会损害当今的职场文化”和D选项“它可能会导致人们不愿意冒险”在录音中均未提及。

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeopleengagedincollaborativeprojects?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于参与合作项目的人，说话者说了什么？录音提到，合作会使个人能力和个人贡献更难被外人发现（makesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify）。D选项“他们可能会发现自己的贡献很难被识别出来”与之表述相符，因此正确。A选项“他们几乎不能表达他们原来的观点”，录音说的是“他们太过隐藏自己的观点”（toosilentabouttheirownpointofview），因此A选项不正确；录音中只是提到了underconfident（信心不足），并没有提到“合作”对创造力和动力的影响，因此B选项“他们最终可能会失去信心和创造力”和C选项“他们会变得更没有动力去做自己的项目”均不正确。

24.Howdopeoplebenefitfromworkinginateam?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问人们从团队合作中得到什么益处？录音提到，在团队中工作有很大的好处——团队也许会多次获得成功，并经常获得认可，团队成员便有更多的机会来扩大其职业关系网（expandyourprofessionalnetwork），因此B选项“他们可以扩大自己的职业圈子”与之表述相符。A选项“他们可能有机会从事研究工作”这一信息在录音中并未提及；C选项“他们可以更容易地完成项目”，录音中没有对比个人项目和团队项目哪个更容易完成，因此可排除；D选项“他们可以充分利用自己的专业知识”，利用录音中的expertise设置干扰，录音中指的是与专业知识互补的人合作（Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise），而不是利用自己的专业知识，因此D选项也不正确。

25.Whyisitundesirabletospendtoomuchtimetryingtoreachconsensus?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么花太多时间以求达成共识会令人讨厌？录音最后提到，当我们过度合作时，会希望每个人都同意某个决定，而这会造成不必要的延误（createunnecessarydelays），也就是说“可能会妨碍我们及时做出决定”，因此A选项正确。B选项“可能会在团队中引起很多争论”在录音中未提及；C选项“可能剥夺团队的商业机会”，主要是利用录音中的opportunitiesforadvancement（晋升机会）和groupprojectopportunity（团队项目机会）设干扰，但这些不等同于C选项中的businessopportunities（商业机会），因此C选项不能选；D选项“可能会产生很多不必要的费用”在录音中也没有信息提及。

6.单选题

Despitethesuspect’s（）tobeinnocent,thereiscompellingevidencethathewasinvolved.

问题1选项

A.assertion

B.conviction

C.speculation

D.accusation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项assertion“断言；主张；认定”；B选项conviction“定罪；确信；坚定的信仰”；C选项speculation“投机；推测；思索”；D选项accusation“控告；谴责”。句意：尽管嫌疑犯（）自己无辜，但他参与了此事证据确凿。根据语境，嫌疑犯assertion“断言；主张；认定”自己无辜比较合理。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet,eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax,asatellitefromtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite’scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshuttlein1984.max’sobservationsindicatethatsolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.Thesatellite’sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent,smallvariationintheSun’senergyoutput,generallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsontheSun’sdisk.SunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun'ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargesunspotgroups.In1980,forexample,SolarMax’sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timesthantheEarth'ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed,however,bycomparingSolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whyisitnotpossibletomeasurethesolarconstantaccuratelywithoutasatellite?

2.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

3.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.TheEarthistoofarfromtheSun.

B.SomeareasonEarthreceivemoresolarenergythanothers.

C.Thereisnotenoughsunlightduringtheday.

D.TheEarth’satmosphereinterfereswiththesunlight.

问题2选项

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax'sinstrumentsweregettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolarMax’sdetectors.

问题3选项

A.ongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

问题4选项

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到“Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.大气中的气体分子和尘埃粒子吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面。”可知D项“地球的大气层干扰阳光。”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由本文的最后一段，“AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.尽管SolarMax的数据显示，太阳的产出在缓慢而稳定地下降，但一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，卫星上老化的探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。”卫星探测器由于历经时间较长，对太阳常数的敏感度有所下降。可知C项“SolarMax的探测器变老旧了”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.太阳常数的长期变化更难确定。”可知对太阳常数测量的尝试被认为是持续的一种研究过程，因此科研人员想要测量太阳常数的努力还需要继续。A项符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。本篇文章作者主要阐述的是在科学家研发出太阳卫星后，可以对太阳常数的恒量测出比较精确的值，但是测量的过程中有其他外界因素的干扰，从而导致测量结果不是那么准确。可知C项“测量太阳常数的变化”正确。

8.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。paradox“似是而非的论点”；junction“连接”；premise“前提，假设”；dilemma“进退两难”。题干中提及家长在面对孩子教育上有两种选择，让他们难以抉择，陷入两难。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.

问题1选项

A.totravelbytrain

B.traveledbytrain

C.travelbytrain

D.travelingbytrain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这些滑雪者宁可坐火车穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。

考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.宁愿、宁可、最好…。

10.单选题

Huntingisthoughttobe（）fortheextinctionofsomewildlife.

问题1选项

A.responsible

B.blamed

C.charged

D.denounced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。responsible“负责任的”，词组beresponsiblefor“承担……责任”，tobeblamefor“应受责备”，bechargedwith“”被控告”，denounce“公然抨击”，句意：野生动物灭绝的原因应该归咎于狩猎。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

______designedtohelppoorAfricanconsumers,thebeefprogramisreallyaimedathelpingrichEuropeanfarmers.

问题1选项

A.Ostensibly

B.Constantly

C.Ultimately

D.Furtively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项ostensibly“表面上，外表”，B项constantly“不断地，时常地”，C项ultimately“最后，根本，基本上”，D项furtively“偷偷地，暗中地”。由thebeefprogramisreallyaimedathelpingrichEuropeanfarmers“牛肉项目实际上是为了帮助富有的欧洲农民”可知，前后语义上是转折关系，那么与really“实际上”相对的是ostensibly“表面上”。句意：这个牛肉项目表面上是为了帮助贫穷的非洲消费者，实际上是为了帮助富裕的欧洲农民。因此，该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Businessisimprovingbutmuchmorehardworkandcommonsensewillbe_______beforeanysubstantialprofitscanberealized.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.calledfor

C.takenup

D.gonethrough

【答案】B

【解析】putupwith容忍;calledfor需要,要求;takenup拿起,占据,开始从事;gonethrough经历。句意：生意正在好转,但要想获得可观的利润,还需要做更多的工作和了解更多的常识。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Amagician’stalkcreatesa（）ofattentionsothatpeopledonotseehowhedoeshistricks.

问题1选项

A.vacuum

B.concentration

C.division

D.diversion

【答案】D

【解析】vacuum真空；concentration集中；division区分；diversion转移，分散注意力。句意：魔术师的谈话转移了人们的注意力，使人们看不见他是如何表演魔术的。选项D符合句意。

14.翻译题

Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitside.Inadequacyofenergyresourcesofthetechnologiesforharvesting,converting,anddistributingthoseresourceshasmeantinsufficientenergybenefitstohumanbeingsandhenceinconvenience,andconstraintsonitsgrowth.The1970’s，then,representedaturningpoint.Energywasseentobegettingcostlierinallrespects.Itbegantobebelievablethatexcessiveenergycostscouldposethreatsonaparwiththoseofinsufficientsupply.Italsobecamepossibletothinkthatexpandingsomeformsofenergysupplycouldcreatecostsexceedingthebenefits.

Thecrucialquestionatthebeginningofthe1990'siswhetherthetrendthatbeganinthe1970’swillprovetobetemporaryorpermanent.Istheeraofcheapenergyreallyover,orwillacombinationofnewresources,newtechnologyandchanginggeopoliticsbringitback?Onekeydeterminantoftheansweristhestaggeringscaleofenergydemandbroughtforthby100yearsofpopulationgrowthandindustrialdemand.

ExceptforthehugepoolofoilunderlyingtheMiddleEast,thecheapestoilandgasarealreadygone.Evenifafewmoregiantoilfieldsarediscovered,theywillmakelittledifferenceagainstconsumptionontoday’sscale.Oilandgaswillhavetocomeincreasingly,formostcountries,fromdeeperintheearthandfromimportswhosereliabilityandaffordabilitycannotbeguaranteed.

【答案】在人类历史发展的长河中，人们主要关心的是能源有利的一面。能源资源不足，或者为开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术的不足，会影响能源为人类带来的利益，同时意味着能源的增长遭到干扰和限制。到了20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点，能源多方成本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的威胁不相上下。同时，也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需付出的代价，也许大于其所带来的利益。

20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于，这种始于70年代的能源发展趋势是暂时的还是长远的。廉价能源时代真的一去不返，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施，有可能重登历史舞台？这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100年以来因人口空前增长带来巨大的能源需求以及工业需求。

除了中东地区蕴藏着巨大的石油资源以外，地球上廉价的油气资源已经不复存在。即使偶尔找到几个大油田，同当今巨大的能源消耗相比，也是杯水车薪。对于大多数国家来说，资源越来越多地依赖于深层埋藏，越来越多地依赖进口，且不说进口油气资源的可靠性无法得到保障，其对于进口国的购买力也是一个考验。

15.单选题

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesensedata,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturallimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus.Thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesensedatasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeinvisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherrefined,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickinginvisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths:suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesensedata.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduateinmillionthsofaninch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches.Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctpartsaperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobject.Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedtobeentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserverandobserved.Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.But,evenforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceintheexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.

3.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.

问题1选项

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurement

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservation

问题2选项

A.existindependentlyofsensedata

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergy

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

问题3选项

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolor

问题4选项

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergy

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverse

C.stilltheoreticallypossibleinthesmall-scaleworldofatomsandelectrons

D.possibleinthecaseofobservationsinvolvingthepassageofacompletequantum

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.本文的主要目的是________。

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworldA.讨论妨碍准确感知世界的问题

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurementB.指出公认计量单位的不足之处

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobservedC.比较和对照关于应该如何测量和观察世界的科学假设

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservationD.表明感官观察功能的有限

【答案】A

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】第一段提出视觉感知（visualperception）的极限在我们无法接收比单个量子能量传递的更小的感知数据，第二段提出科学家想到了一个办法使用波长极长的量子（quantawithextremelylongwavelengths）也不能突破这种限制，第三段提出量子对物理学有重要的理论意义（importanttheoreticalimplications），也就是研究视觉感知而得来的启示。综上所述，本文在谈论视觉感知受到阻碍引发的一系列问题，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“指出公认计量单位的不足之处”：文章没有提到计量单位，属于无中生有；

C选项“比较和对照关于应该如何测量和观察世界的科学假设”和D选项“表明感官观察功能的有限”：只是文章的部分内容，不能概括全文，属于以偏概全。

第2题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.根据本文，波长极长的量子不能用来提供关于物质世界的完整信息，因为它们________。

A.existindependentlyofsensedataA.独立于感官数据而存在

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergyB.没有足够的能量

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelengthC.用现在的仪器不能与较短波长的量子隔离

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandpositionD.提供的测量长度和位置的方法不够精确

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词completeinformation定位到第二段第二、三句，该处讲到“对世界的完全准确的感知（completelyaccurateperceptionoftheworld）还取决于我们想要感知的东西的长度和位置的精确测量（exactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositions）。因此（Forthis），波长极长的量子是无用的。”，可知其原因是它们不能准确测量长度和位置，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“独立于感官数据而存在”：文中没有提到波长极长的量子独立于感官数据，属于无中生有；

B选项“没有足够的能量”：文中没有提到波长极长的量子能量不足，属于无中生有；

C选项“用现在的仪器不能与较短波长的量子隔离”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.作者用孩子的画作类比（第一段）主要是为了________。

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquantaA.说明由量子传递的感官数据的精确度的极限限制

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblemsB.显示出科学家在面对重大观察问题时的无助感

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliableC.预测那些科学家的反对意见，他们认为没有任何仪器辅助的观察完全可靠

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolorD.举例说明能量包和各种颜色之间的相似性

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词Para.1和信息词child’sdrawing定位到第一段最后一句，该处讲到“这就像一个孩子画……一样（Itislike）”，结合该段倒数第二句，该处讲到“这些量子不能被进一步细化，我们达到了一个点，超过了这个点，对世界的进一步解析就不可能了。”，可知child’sdrawing的例子是对该段倒数第二句观点的佐证，也就是量子传递的感官数据的精确度有限制，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“显示出科学家在面对重大观察问题时的无助感”：文中没有提到科学家对此感觉很无力，属于无中生有；

C选项“预测那些科学家的反对意见，他们认为没有任何仪器辅助的观察完全可靠”：文中没有提到科学家有反对意见，属于无中生有；

D选项“举例说明能量包和各种颜色之间的相似性”：文中没有提到能量包和颜色的联系，属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.作者的意思是，在物理学中区分主体和客体的方法________。

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergyA.在测量物体的长度和位置时有可能，但在测量物体的能量时不能

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverseB.不再能非常准确地描述对宇宙的观察

C.