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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连汽车职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ItisMr.YorkwhobangsthedruminJohnKirkpatrick'sapparentlyauthentic,andcertainlysuitablebandmusic.

问题1选项

A.genuine

B.reliable

C.honest

D.automatic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项genuine“真实的,真正的;诚恳的”;B选项reliable“可靠的;可信赖的”;C选项honest“诚实的,实在的;可靠的;坦率的”;D选项automatic“自动的;无意识的;必然的”。句意:约克先生在约翰•柯克帕特里克(JohnKirkpatrick)的音乐中敲起了鼓,这显然是真实的,当然也是合适的乐队音乐。结合此处关键词authentic“真正的,真实的;可信的”,得知A为正确答案。

2.单选题

The()colonialistsmanagedtowipeouttheentirepopulation.

问题1选项

A.aboriginal

B.original

C.large

D.regional

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:()殖民主义者们设法消灭全部人口。aboriginal原始的,土著的;original最早的,最初的;large大量的;regional地区的。因此,A项aboriginal符合句意。

3.单选题

Thefarmerwarnedthosechildrennotto_____onthecorn.

问题1选项

A.collapse

B.stripe

C.stride

D.tramp

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。collapse“倒塌,崩溃”;stripe“加条纹”;stride“跨步”;tramp“踩,走过”。句意:农民告诫那些孩子们不要在庄稼地里踩踏。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Therewasonceatowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtolivein(

)withitssurroundings.

问题1选项

A.coincidence

B.harmony

C.uniform

D.alliance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。coincidence意为“巧合,一致”;harmony意为“和谐,协调”,inharmonywith意为“与……和谐相处”;uniform意为“制服”;alliance意为“结盟,同盟”。

句意:这个国家曾经有一个小镇里的所有的生命似乎与周围环境和谐相处。

5.单选题

On()featureofsupermarketisthatithiresfewerclerks,whichcutdownonthecostofsale.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.instinct

C.distinctive

D.instinctive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。extinct"灭绝的,绝种的";instinct"本能,直觉,天性";distinctive"有特色的,与众不同的";instinctive"本能的,直觉的,天生的"。句意:超市最大的特点是雇佣的店员少,这就降低了销售成本。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Itwasclearthatthegardenwasnomoreamateuraffair;ithadbeen()professionally.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laiddown

C.laidoff

D.laidaside

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定词组搭配。A选项laidout表示“安排,陈列,花费”;B选项laiddown表示“放下,主张,铺设”;C选项laidoff表示“下岗,解雇”;D选项laidaside表示“搁置,储存,留存”。it指代前文中的thegarden,而空缺处需填入动词短语的过去分词形式构成被动,由句意可知“(按计划)安排;布局;陈列”最合适,因此本题正确答案为A。【句意】很显然,这个花园不再是业余者做的事情,而是经过专业的布局。

7.单选题

Outof()revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

问题1选项

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】句意:纯粹出于报复,他拼命诋毁她的人品,败坏她的名誉。

考查形容词辨析。perfect完美的,纯熟的;total全部的,整个的;sheer全然的,纯粹的,十足的;integral完整的,整体的。因此C项符合句意。

8.单选题

TheNorthVietnameseweretenacious,andinJanuary1968theylaunchedamassiveattackknownastheTetOffensive,whichseverelydamagedU.S.forces.

问题1选项

A.collective

B.hostile

C.aggressive

D.persistent

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.collective集体的,共有的B.hostile敌意的,敌对的

C.aggressive好斗的,挑衅的D.persistent执著的,不屈不挠的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】tenacious的意思为“顽强的,坚忍不拔的”,用来形容theNorthVietnamese,指的是他们非常英勇,persistent与之词义相近,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】北越人很顽强,1968年1月他们发动了大规模进攻,称为春节攻势,重创美军。

9.填空题

Thisafternoonwe’remeetingwith(1)E.U.environmentalofficialandsomeAustralianspecialiststotalkabouthowto(2)groundwaterpollutionintheTianjinarea.

【答案】1.an

2.prevent

【解析】1.语法题。考查不定冠词。第一个空格后的“official官员”为单数知第一个空格应填一个不定冠词a或an,再由EU的发音“[,i:'ju:]"中第一个字母为元音发音知第一个空应填“an”。

2.语义题。句意:探讨天津地区地下水污染防治对策

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

在所有的节日中,春节对于我们中国人来说是最重要的。

阴历年到来的前几天,我们便把房子打扫得干干净净并装饰一新。老人们说必须干干净净过春节,这样来年才会幸福,交好运。

除夕全家欢聚一堂共进晚餐,春节庆祝活动便以此作为开始。人们不论离家多远,都总是想方设法及时赶回家去分享这顿持续几个小时的丰盛晚餐。

【答案】Ofallthefestivals,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantforourChinesepeople.

SeveraldaysbeforetheLunarNewYear,wehaveourhousesweptanddecorated.TheeldersaythatcleannessmustbethenecessityfortheSpringFestivalandwewillbehappyandhaveagoodluckinthecomingyearbykeepingcleanness.

OnNewYear'sEve,allfamilymembersmerrilygathertogethertohaveafamilyreuniondinner,fromwhichtheactivitiesofcelebratingtheSpringFestivalstart.Nomatterhowfarawayfromhometown,peoplealwaysmanagetogetbackhomeintimeforsharingthisbigdinnerwhichoftenlastsforseveralhours.

11.单选题

Heis

theonlypersonwhocan()in

thiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作证;charge起诉;accuse指控;rectify修正。句意:他是唯一能为此案作证的人,因为其他证人都被神秘地杀害了。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

DuringtheMiddleAges,virulentdiseaseslikeBubonicPlaguewererampant.

问题1选项

A.lethal

B.communicable

C.contagious

D.defective

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.lethal致命的B.communicable会传染的

C.contagious可接触传染的D.defective有缺陷的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析

【解题思路】原句前后语义为“在中世纪,像黑死病这样的____疾病十分猖獗。”由此可知,该形容词修饰的是“疾病(黑死病)”,原词virulent“致命的”,因此A选项lethal“致命的”最符合原句语义。

【干扰项排除】

B选项communicable“会传染的”,语义与原句不一致;

C选项contagious“可接触传染的”,语义与原句不一致;

D选项defective“有缺陷的”,不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】在中世纪,像黑死病这样的致命疾病十分猖獗。

13.单选题

A_____lifestyleisonethatisgoingnowherefast:nonewemployment,nonewloveinterest,novolunteerwork,andnonewlife-changingcommitments.

问题1选项

A.soporific

B.lethargic

C.stagnant

D.lassitude

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项“催眠的”,B项“慵懒的;没精打采的”,C项“停滞的;不发展的”,D项“倦怠;疲乏”。根据冒号后的内容:没有新的工作,没有新的爱好,没有志愿工作,没有新的改变生活的承诺,可知是一种停滞的生活方式。本句句意:停滞不前的生活方式是一种没有任何进展的生活方式:没有新的工作,没有新的爱情兴趣,没有志愿工作,没有新的改变生活的承诺。所以选C项。

14.单选题

Thewestistraditionallythelandofthepioneersandthecowboys,where____couldbeeasilymadeincattleorland.

问题1选项

A.fortunes

B.property

C.opportunities

D.treasure

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析与固定搭配。A选项fortunes“一大笔钱”;B选项property“(某人的)财产;不动产”,强调归属;C选项opportunities“机会”;D选项treasure“金银财宝,指金银珠宝一类”。句意:传统上西部是拓荒者和牛仔的领地,在那里可以很容易的用牛或者土地创造___。根据句意,此处是指用牛和土地就可以创造财富,排除C选项;不强调财富的归属,排除B选项;不是特指金银珠宝一类,排除D选项。另外,原文____couldbeeasilymade,考查固定搭配makeafortune/makefortunes“发大财;赚大钱;创造财富”,A选项最符合语境。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

15.单选题

An()ofthemoonhasrevealednoevidenceoflife.

问题1选项

A.exploration

B.explanation

C.interview

D.invasion

【答案】A

【解析】句意:月球勘探已经表明月球无生命迹象。

考查名词辨析。exploration探索,勘探,探测;explanation解释;interview面试;invasion侵入。因此A项符合句意。

16.翻译题

这部长达103分钟的纪录片《穹顶之下》于2月28日登上中国各大视频网站,它是由前央视记者柴静自费拍摄制作。影片一经发布就迅速引起公众对于空气污染的关注,也鼓励了人们要有所行动。新任环保部长陈吉宁表示,他已经联系了柴静并表达了感谢。在3月1日的新闻发布会上,他表示,保护环境从来不是环保部门的“个人行为”,欢迎人人贡献出自己的一份力。与此同时,一些专家也提醒观众,在被视频感动的同时,也要注意到片子也有其不足之处。

【答案】UndertheDome,a103-minutedocumentaryself-fundedbyformernewsanchorChaiJing,wasreleasedonvideo-sharingwebsitesinChinaonFeb28.Ithasrapidlypushedthepublicawarenessaboutairpollutionandencouragedpeopletojoinineffortstomakeadifference.ChenJining,newlyappointedministerofenvironmentalprotection,saidhehadcontactedChaitoexpresshisappreciation.“Protectingtheenvironmentisnevera‘personalaffair’ofenvironmentalauthorities.Wewelcomeeverybody’scontribution,”ChentoldthepressonMarch1st.Meanwhile,expertsremindmovedviewersofthefilm’slimitations.

17.单选题

OurheritageandourculturehavecausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.WedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonaFilipinotoone’sside,orthatinItalycurlingthefingerinabeckoningmotionisagestureoffarewell.

ThosePrivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterW.W.IIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthatGIFTmeanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheU.S,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidetours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslationsandmultilingualbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives,usuallythemoreaffluent——whospeakEnglish.Ourbusiness,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,dealingsareconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryoftheworld,thedispenseroftheneededfundsandcommodities,thepeacemaker,the“topbanana”intheglobalcast.Butallthatispast.Weareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.

1.Whentheauthoruses“nearsightedness”,heistalking(

).

2.Thepassageinformsusthat?

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

).

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theauthorismostprobably(

)bynationality.

问题1选项

A.metaphorically

B.ironically

C.humorously

D.sarcastically

问题2选项

A.Americansdonotunderstandtheirownheritageandculturewell

B.theauthordoesnotmindAmericans,culturalblindness

C.Americanspaylittleattentiontoforeigncustomsandlanguages

D.Americahasnoproblemsintheworldbecauseit’sthemostpowerfulcountry

问题3选项

A.Americaisbecomingawarlikecountry

B.theAmericanroleintheworldisnolongerproper

C.Americawillbecomethemostpowerfulagainifitstartstolearnforeigncustoms

D.Americashouldn’tremainblindandignorantwithrespecttoothernations’cultures

问题4选项

A.SomeAmericancitizenssentpoisonsasgiftstoGermanyafterW.W.II.

B.AFilipinowillprobablyapproachanAmericanwhowavesbye-bye.

C.ItmaybeunfriendlytoLatinstokeepmorethan3feetawayfromthem.

D.Italiansusethefingermotionstoexpressbye-bye.

问题5选项

A.anItalian

B.anAmerican

C.aFilipino

D.aGerman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者使用‘目光短浅’时,她正在说……”。文章第三段提到“我们在语言和文化上的近视眼以及不注意去留意他国的爱好,习惯,习俗和语言正让我们在世界上失去朋友,业务及尊重”(Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld),选项A“比喻地”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章告诉我们……”。文章第三段提到“我们在语言和文化上的近视眼以及不注意去留意他国的爱好,习惯,习俗和语言正让我们在世界上失去朋友,业务及尊重”(Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld),说明美国人不注重别国的习俗,选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“我们能从文章中得出……”文章最后一段提到过去美国人习惯忽视他国的语言和文化,因为那个时候美国很强大。但是已经是过去时了,我们应该意识到我们在世界上的独特作用正在改变(Butallthatispast.Weareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging),说明现在美国不应该像以前那样忽视他国的语言和文化,选项D“美国人不应该忽视他国的文化”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的描述,下列哪项陈述是不真实的”。文章第二段提到“给二战后占领德国的美国军队寄送包裹的美国人为了避税而在包裹上标示‘GIFT’”,而不愿麻烦去发现‘GIFT’在德语中是“毒药”的意思(ThosePrivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterW.W.IIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthatGIFTmeanspoisoninGerman),由此可知选项A的描述是不真实的,是美国人为了避税错把GIFT(毒药)当GIFT(礼物),符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者可能是哪个国家的人”。文章使用的是第一人称,文章多次用“ourheritageandourculture”或者“weareslowlybeginningtorealize…”可以推测作者最有可能是美国人。选项B符合题意。

18.单选题

Thereisno()whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

问题1选项

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项jurisdiction“司法权,审判权,管辖权;权限”;B选项justification“理由;辩护;认为有理”;C选项judgment“判断;裁判;判决书”;D选项junction“连接;交叉点;接合点”。句意:你在英语晚会上的愚蠢行为根本就没有……。此处表示“愚蠢行为”是无理的,B选项符合句意要求。

19.单选题

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

问题1选项

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】时态错误。hegoestobed改为weretogotobed,主句和从句部分都是表示与将来事实相反,主句用would/could+动词原形,从句用wereto/should+动词原形。

20.单选题

Byevacuatingtheinhabitantsinthedenselypopulatedareasofthecityandestablishingtemporaryshelters,thecity()itselfforapossiblenewquake.

问题1选项

A.bolted

B.braced

C.reinforced

D.strapped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:bolt“筛选;拴上;脱口而出”;B:brace“支撑;预备;准备”;C:reinforce“加固;强化;增援”;D:strap“用带捆扎;用皮带抽打”。句意:通过疏散该城市人口密集区域的居民,建立临时庇护所,全城做了可能再发生一场地震的防备。根据语境和句意可知B为正确答案。

21.单选题

()thatitmightbeeasiertoprepareabettermapofthemoonthanoftheearth.

问题1选项

A.Tosay

B.Theysay

C.Thesaying

D.Itissaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查形式主语从句。it+be+形容词、名词或者过去分词+从句,it指代的具体内容是从句。A,C选项代入题干不能构成一个完整的句子;B选项they的内容指代不明,因此D选项正确。

22.单选题

Notuntilthe1980s()inBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoricbuildingsfromdestruction.

问题1选项

A.someconcernedcitizens

B.someconcerningcitizens

C.didsomeconcerningcitizens

D.didsomeconcernedcitizens

【答案】D

【解析】Notuntil位于句首应使用倒装。句子表示过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时,借助于助动词did并提前,concerning为介词,也可以看作动名词,表示使担忧,但选项C的表达不符合语法;concerned为形容词,在这里修饰citizens。所以选项D正确。

23.单选题

Manyofthescientistsandengineersarejudged()howgreattheirachievementsare.

问题1选项

A.inspiteof

B.inwaysof

C.infavorof

D.intermsof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inspiteof尽管;infavorof有利于,支持;intermsof依据,按照,在…方面。许多科学家和工程师从他们所取得的成就来被评价,只有D项符合题意。

24.单选题

Poseidonsatathisdesk,doingfigures.Theadministrationofallthewatersgavehimendlesswork.Hecouldhavehadassistants,asmanyashewanted一andhedidhaveverymany一butsincehetookhisjobveryseriously,hewouldintheendgooverallthefiguresandcalculationshimself,andthushisassistantswereoflittlehelptohim.Itcannotbesaidthatheenjoyedhiswork:hediditonlybecauseithadbeenassignedtohim;infact,hehadalreadyfiledmanypetitionsfor—asheputit—morecheerfulwork,buteverytimetheofferofsomethingdifferentwasmadetohimitwouldturnoutthatnothingsuitedhimquiteaswellashispresentposition.Andanyhowitwasquitedifficulttofindsomethingdifferentforhim.Afterall,itwasimpossibletoassignhimtoaparticularsea:asidefromthefactthateventhentheworkwithfigureswouldnotbecomelessbutonlypettier,thegreatPoseidoncouldinanycaseoccupyonlyanexecutiveposition.Andwhenajobawayfromthewaterwasofferedtohimhewouldgetsickattheveryprospect,hisdivinebreathingwouldbecometroubledandhisbrazenchestbegantotremble.Besides,hiscomplaintswerenotreallytakenseriously;whenoneofthemightyisvexatioustheappearanceofaneffortmustbemadetoplacatehim,evenwhenthecaseismosthopeless.InactualityashiftofpostswasunthinkableforPoseidon—hehadbeenappointedGodoftheSeainthebeginning,andthathehadtoremain.

Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim:howhewasalwaysridingaboutthroughthetideswithhistrident.Whenallthewhilehesathereinthedepthsoftheworld-ocean,doingfiguresuninterruptedly,withnowandthenatriptoJupiterastheonlybreakinthemonotony—atrip,moreover,fromwhichheusuallyreturnedinarage.Thushehadhardlyseenthesea—hadseenitbutquicklyinthecourseofhurriedtripstoOlympus,andhehadneveractuallytraveledaroundit.Hewasinthehabitofsayingthatwhathewaswaitingforwasthefalloftheworld;then,probably,aquietmomentwouldbegrantedinwhich,justbeforetheendandhavingcheckedthelastrowoffigures,hewouldbeabletomakeaquick,littletour.

Poseidonbecameboredwiththesea.Heletfallhistrident.Silentlyhesatontherockycoastandagull,dazedbyhispresence,describedwaveringcirclesaroundhishead.

1.Theunderlinedsentence("It…him")inthefirstparagraphsuggestthatPoseidonregardedhisworkwith().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sdescriptionofPoseidon'sroutine("how...inarage")that().

3.Accordingtothepassage,Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobprimarilystemsfrom()

4.TheauthorofthepassageportraysthegodPoseidonas().

5.PoseidonisunabletochangeoccupationsforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT().

问题1选项

A.resignation

B.enthusiasm

C.hostility

D.intimidation

问题2选项

A.PoseidonprefersperforminghisdutiestovisitingJupiter

B.Poseidonistoobusytofamiliarizehimselfwithhiskingdom

C.Poseidonrequiressilencefortheperformanceofhisduties

D.Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobdetractsfromhisefficiency

问题3选项

A.theconstanttravelthatisrequiredofhim

B.thelackofseriousnesswithwhichhiscomplaintsarereceived

C.theconstantlychangingnatureofhisduties

D.other'smistakennotionsofhisroutine

问题4选项

A.adissatisfiedbureaucrat

B.apowerfulgod

C.adiscontentedvagabond

D.acapableaccountant

问题5选项

A.hisappointmentasGodoftheSeaisinherentlyunchangeable

B.hehasfallenintodisfavorwiththegodsonMountOlympus

C.hecannotimaginealifeawayfromthewater

D.nothingelsesuitshimaswellashispresentposition

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.Poseidon对他工作的态度是()。resignation放任,服从;enthusiasm热心,热忱;hostility敌对;intimidation恐吓,威胁。根据划线部分的内容可知,不能说他喜欢他的工作,他这样做只是因为这是分配给他的。所以他的态度是听之任之的,选项A正确。

2.根据划线部分的描述可知,作者是想表达Poseidon对工作的不满导致了工作效率的下降,选项D正确。

3.根据第二段的第一句"Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim..."最让他生气的是听到别人对他的意见,正是这一因素导致了他对工作的不满。选项D符合原文。

4.根据文字内容可知,作者将Poseidon描述为不满的官僚,选项A正确。其他选项均不符合原文。

5.根据第一段后半部分的内容可知,选项A.C,D均是Poseidon无法改变职业的原因,只有选项B在文中没有提及。

25.单选题

Someoftheoldcustomshavecontinued()politenessalthoughtheyarenolongerthoughtaboutnow.

问题1选项

A.inthewayof

B.intheeyesof

C.inthefaceof

D.intheformof

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项inthewayof“妨碍、在……方面”;B选项intheeyesof“在……心目中、从……来看”;C选项inthefaceof“面对、不顾”;D选项intheformof“以……的形式”,句意为:有些旧习俗以礼貌的形式继续存在着,尽管它们现在已经不再被人想到了。intheformof“以……的形式”符合题意,因此D选项正确。

26.单选题

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly(

)theentireindustrialsector.

问题1选项

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“激励;刺激”;B选项encompass“包含;包围”;C选项entice“怂恿;诱使”;D选项undercut“削(价)竞争;削弱”。句意:1910年,超过60万的黑人工人,或者说10%的黑人工人报告说他们从事“制造业和机械制造业”,这一联邦人口普查类别大致……整个工业部门。综合句意与选项可知B选项符合题意。

27.单选题

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey(

).

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof(

).

问题1选项

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

问题2选项

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

问题3选项

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“Gypsiesareunitedonlywhen”提供了重要信息,表明吉普赛人平时是并不会联合在一起,是个分散的民族。第一段倒数第三句中说到“onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies只有在面对来自非吉普赛人的敌意时才真正团结起来”,由此可知使吉普赛人团结起来的是外人的敌意。因此D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。本题需要从欧洲对吉普赛人的种种迫害行为中作排除法。第二段提到“withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism教会在他们的算命中看到异端邪说,国家在他们的游牧中看到反社会行为”以及“InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria在更近的时期,吉普赛人陷入了纳粹种族狂热中”。因此教会、国家和纳粹都对吉普赛人进行了迫害,A选项“埃及人”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。本题需要找出吉普赛人与犹太人的区别。最后一段最后两居中说到了两个种族的比较“WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.除了极少数的例外,吉普赛人并没有表现出想要一个国家成为自己国家的强烈愿望——不像犹太人,吉普赛人的经历经常被拿来与犹太人作比较。”可知吉普赛人与犹太人的最大区别在于建立国家的愿望是否强烈,吉普赛人对自己身份的认同性不如犹太人高。C选项正确。

28.单选题

MoreattentionwaspaidtothequalityofproductioninFranceatthetimeofReneCoty.CharlesDeschanelwasthenthefinancialminister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremoreimportantthanquantityforindustrialproduction.Itwouldbenecessarytoproducequalitygoodsfortheinternationalmarkettocompletewiththoseproducedinothercountries.TheFrencheconomyneededalargershareoftheinternationalmarkettobalanceitsimportandexporttrade.

Frenchindustrialandagriculturalproductionwasstillinadequatetomeettheimmediateneedsofthepeople,letalonelong-rangeddevelopments.Essentialimportshadstretchedthenationalcredittothebreakingpoint.Rentsweretightlycontrolled,buttheextremeinflationaffectedgeneralpopulationmostseverelythoughthecostoffood.Foodcoststookasmuchas80percentofworkersincome.Wages,itistrue,hadrisenandtherewasfull-timeandovertimeemployment.Takentogether,thesefactorsenabledtheworkingclasstoexistbutallowedthemnosenseofsecurity.Inthisprecariousanddiscouragingsituation,workmenwerewillingtoworkoverseasforhigherwages.

Thegovernmentwasreluctanttoletworkersleavethecountry.Itwasfearedthismigrationofworkerswoulddepletethelaborforce.Thelackofqualifiedworkersmighthindertheimprovementinthequalityofindustrialproductsproduced.Qualifiedworkersproducedinforeigncountries.AlsothequantityofqualitygoodsproducedinFrancewouldnotbeabletoincreaseaspartofitsqualifiedlaborforcemovedtoothercountries.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theFrenchworkerswere().

2.ReneCotyandCharlesDeschanelwerebothinterestedin().

3.TheFrenchgovernmentwasreluctanttolettheworkersleavethecountrybecause().

4.RentsinFrance().

5.Accordingtothepassage,theFrenchgovernment().

问题1选项

A.betterpaidthantheworkersinanyotherEuropeancountries.

B.abletosavemoremoneywiththeincreaseintheirwages.

C.anxioustoworkabroad.

D.oftenunabletofindworkinFrance.

问题2选项

A.betterqualityinproduction

B.increasingquantityinproduction

C.havingthegovernmentraisetariffsonforeignimports

D.eliminatingunionsinFrance

问题3选项

A.itwouldenlargetheworkingforce

B.itwouldhindertheimprovementofqualityinindustrialproduction

C.itwouldhindertheincreaseinquantityofexports

D.itwoulddamagetheimports

问题4选项

A.wereextremelyhigh

B.wereextremelycontrolled

C.tookasmuchas80percentoftheworkers’income

D.haddoubledintwoyears

问题5选项

A.prohibitedFrenchtoworkabroad

B.reducedtaxestofightinflation

C.paidfamilyallowancesandbenefits

D.prohibitedtheFrenchworkerstojoinlaborunions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章的第二段:Inthisprecariousanddiscouragingsituation,workmenwerewillingtoworkoverseasforhigherwages.可知:在这种不稳定和令人沮丧的情况下,法国工人想出国工作以获得高薪。因此,C项anxioustoworkabroad“渴望出国工作”正确。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段MoreattentionwaspaidtomequalityofproductioninFranceatthetimeofReneCoty.CharlesDeschanelwasthenthefinancialminister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremoreimportantthanquantityforindustrialproduction.可知:ReneCoty在位期间,法国很关注产品质量,而时任财政部长的CharlesDeschanel更是坚持产品的质量比数量更为重要。因此,A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段Thelackofqualifiedworkersmighthindertheimprovementinthequalityofindustrialproductsproduced.可知:如果工人们去国外打工,可能会影响本国产品质量的提升。所以,政府不希望工人们离开法国去国外工作。因此,B项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中部Rentsweretightlycontrolled可知:租金被严格地控制着。因此,B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由文章第三段Thegovernmentwasreluctanttoletworkersleavethecountry.Itwasfearedthisimmigrationofworkerswoulddepletethelaborforce.可知:政府担心移民会削弱本国劳动力,所以不愿意让工人离开法国,出国工作。因此,正确答案为A选项。

29.单选题

Concernwithmoney,andthenmoremoney,inordertobuytheconveniencesandluxuriesofmodemlife,hasbroughtgreatchangestothelivesofmostFrenchmen.MorepeopleareworkingthaneverbeforeinFrance.Inthecitiesthetraditionalleisurelymiddaymealisdisappointing.Offices,shops,andfactoriesarediscoveringthegreatefficiencyofashortlunchhourincompanylunchrooms.Inalmostalllinesofworkemphasisnowfallsonever-increasingoutput.Thusthe“typical”Frenchmanproducesmore,earnsmore,andbuysmoreconsumergoodsthanhiscounterpartofthelastgeneration.Hegainsincreatingcomfortsandeaseoflife.Whathelosestosomeextentishissenseof

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