考研考博-英语-大连科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whatgoesoninthemindofaone-year-oldchildisanyone’sguess.

问题1选项

A.unknown

B.whatanybodycanguess?

C.knowntoall

D.nothingnew

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。anyone’sguess表示“任何人的猜测”；A项unknown“不知道的”，B项whatanybodycanguess?“大家能猜出什么？”，C项knowntoall“人尽皆知”，D项nothingnew“屡见不鲜，了无新意”。句意：谁都不知道一个一岁的孩子在想什么。根据句意可知，anyone’sguess在句子中表示“谁也不知道”；故该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Inaprimaryschool,achildisinacomparativelysimplesettingandmostoftheformsarelationshipwithonefamiliarteacher.Onenteringsecondaryschool,anewworldopensupandfrequentlyitisamuchmoredifficultworld.Thepupilsoonlearnstobelessfreeinthewayhespeakstoteachersandeventohisfellowuppupils.Hebeginstolosegraduallythefreeandeasywaysoftheprimaryschool,forhesensestheneedforamorecautiousapproachinthesecondaryschoolwherethereareolderpupils.Secondarystaffandpupilssufferfromthepressureofacademicworkandseemtohavelesstimetostopandtalk.Teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff.Hehastodecidewhichadultsareapproachable;goodschoolswillmakecleartoeveryyoungpersonfromthefirstyearwhatguidanceandpersonalhelpisavailablebutwhethertherealityoflifeintheinstitutionactuallyencouragesrequestsforhelpisanothermatters.

Adultsoftenforgetwhataconfusingpictureschoolcanoffertoachild.Heseesagreatdealofmovement,agreatnumberofpeople-oftenratherfrightening-lookingpeople-andrealizesthatanincreasingnumberofchoicesanddecisionhavetobemade.Asheprogressesthroughtheschooltheconfusionmaybecomelessbutthechoicesanddecisionsrequiredwillincrease.Theschoolwillrightlyexpectthepupiltotakethefirststepstoobtainthehelpheneeds,forthisisthepatternofadultlifeforwhichhehastobeprepared,butallthetimetheopportunitypersonalandgroupadvicemustbepresentedinawaywhichmakesthemeasytounderstandandwithineasyreachofpupils.

1.Accordingtothepassageoneoftheproblemsforpupilsenteringsecondaryschoolsisthat

（

）

2.Insecondaryschoolseverypupilhavingproblemsshould（

）.

3.Inthispassageaboutsecondaryschools,theauthorismainlyconcernedabout（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaretaughtbymanydifferentteachers

B.theydonotattendlessonsineverysubject

C.theteachersdonotwanttobefriendly

D.theteachersgivemostattentiontothemoreacademicpupils

问题2选项

A.knowhowtoaskforhelp

B.befreefromanypressureofacademicwork

C.toabletodiscusshisproblemsinclass

D.beabletodiscusshisproblemswithanyteacher

问题3选项

A.academicstandards

B.theroleofspecialistteachers

C.thetrainingoftheindividualteachers

D.thepersonaldevelopmentofpupils

问题4选项

A.Pupilswillformrelationshipwitholdpupilsratherthanteachers.

B.Thesettingoftheprimaryschooliscomparativelysimplerthanthatofthesecondaryschool.

C.Alltheteachersinthesecondaryschoolareratherfrightening-looking.

D.Pupilshaveopportunitiestogethelpfromanyteacherinthesecondaryschool.

问题5选项

A.Thedifferencebetweentheprimaryschoolandthesecondaryschool.

B.Themethodthatpupilsgethelpfromtheteachers.

C.Thepersonaldevelopmentofthepupilsinthesecondaryschool.

D.Thefunctionofthesecondaryschool.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff提到老师每周要与几百个孩子打交道，学生们很少能和老师形成密切的关系。因而能够推断学生们进入中学后会面对更多的老师，选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段最后一句提到好的学校会让学生们清楚知道他们可以寻求哪些老师的帮助。第二段又指出学校应该期望学生们开始学习如何寻求他所需的帮助，选项A符合题意。

3.文章主要在讲述学生们从小学到初中经历的环境的巨大的变化，他们的感受，以及学校和老师应该采取什么方式来应对学生们的这些变化。由此可知，作者关注的是学生们的成长。选项D符合题意。

4.文章第一句Inaprimaryschool,achildisinacomparativelysimplesettingandmostoftheformsarelationshipwithonefamiliarteacher提到小学的环境相对于单纯，选项B符合题意。

5.文章主要是在讲述学生们步入中学后面临的一些问题，以及学校和老师就这些问题采取的一些措施，作者关心的是学生们的成长，所以选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleetingthought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewritingtheobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostoppingnogoingback.Nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（

）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（

）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?

4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat（

）.

5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

问题1选项

A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D.onecannotusethematthesametime

问题2选项

A.puttingtheiridealinrawform

B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

问题3选项

A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.

B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic.

C.Togetone’sideasdown.

D.Tocollectrawmaterials.

问题4选项

A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B.ittakestoomuchlimetoeditafterwards

C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

问题5选项

A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.

B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.

D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章的第二段论最后一句Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis在应用这二种思维时，必须首先使用创造性思维，而后再使用批判性思维，意思就是二者不可同时使用。D选项‘—个人不能同时运用这二种思维’与之相符，所以正确。A选项‘一个人身上不同时具备这二种思维能力’与作者讨论的‘先运用创造思维、后运用批判思维的问题，那么一个人肯定是具有这两种思维能力的’的观点不符，排除。B选项‘二者的重要性不可等量齐观’，文章并未对二者孰重孰轻做出评判，而只是讨论了先后问题。所以排除。C选项‘二者始终处于与对方斗争冲突的状态’，文章表明只有当人们想同时使用二者时，才会发生冲突，如果一前一后使用则不会。所以并不能说始终处于冲突状态，所以排除。

2.根据文章第三段开头ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”指出了写作时的坏习惯是尝试修改（edit），而解决办法则是freewriting。所以B选项‘在写作时试图进行修改‘与文章说法一致，所以B选项正确。

3.题目问写作第一个步骤的主要目标是什么。从某种角度来看，文章论述的其实就写作的顺序问题。文章前半部分分析了创造性思维与批评性思维的关系，推出了必须先运用创造性思维记下想法，而后再运用批判性思维进行修改的观点（Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis）。后半部分对如何运用创造性思维和批判性思维进行了具体描述。那么根据文意，写作的第一步就是运用创造性思维把观点记下来，记下来的方法就是freewriting，即想到哪里就记到哪里。A选项‘把想法有逻辑性地组织起来’，而要做到“有逻辑性地”组织，显然应是进行了修改，不符合想到哪里就记到哪里，所以A选项排除。B选项‘选择一个适当的题目’，全文没有提到选择题目问题，排除。C选项‘记下想法’，正确。D选项‘收集原始材料’文章没有提到材料收集问题，排除。

4.题目问作家们进行“自由写作”时遇到的共同问题是什么。根据第四段youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.写作者必须和时间赛跑，才能在时间用完时将文章修改完毕。因此，作家们的共同问题应该是修改时间过紧。A选项‘它过于强调创造思维‘排除。B选项’用来修改的时间过多‘正确。C选项’它会引来太多的批评‘排除。D选项’自由写作不能帮助作家清楚地思考‘排除。

5.题目问批判性思维在作家的写作过程中起到了什么作用。根据倒数第二段第一句Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.指出在获得前期资料后，即是运用批判性思维的时候。再根据下一段整段对如何运用批判性思维进行了描述，从中可以发现批判性思维的主要作用是对文章草稿进行修改、精炼。A选项‘它使文章更加成形。也就是对文章草稿进行修改、精炼的意思，符合最后一段对批判思维的描述，正确。B选项‘它能使作家产生新的想法。根据文意，批判思维是对现有想法的修改，不会产生新的想法，排除。C选项’它可以节省作者的写作时间‘。根据倒数第二段提到thiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhave,意思是在运用批判思维前很可能会发现时间不够用，再从“Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftime’，这最后一句话可以看出，即便运用批判性思维，还是把所有的时间都用光了。因此并没有节省时间，排除。D选项’它可使作者坐下来审视文章‘。坐下来审视文章的意思就是运用批判性思维本身，不能说本身会对本身起到什么作用，排除。

4.单选题

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen（

）byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

问题1选项

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.diverted

D.redeemed

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项的supplement“增补，补充”；B选项的undermine“渐渐破坏，授掘地基”；C选项的divert“使转向，使绕道，转移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；D选项的redeem“履行，补偿，赎回”。根据句意‘不幸的是，他对这个经济政策后果的致命攻击被破坏了，因为他完全接受了这个政策暗含的假设’确定B选项正确。

5.写作题

Towhatextentisnucleartechnologyadangertolifeonearth?Whatarethebenefitsandrisksassociatedwithitsuse?

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledge.

【答案】略

6.单选题

Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain”sufferswithcivilization’severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetismandgravitation:theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredictedbutoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowishbrowngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really”are.“Electricity”,BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathinglikeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrifiedwehavetoldallthereistotell.”Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.AristotleforexamplewhosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprincipalthateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat’swheretheybelongandsmokegoesupbecausethat’swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.

1.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentis（）.

2.Whatprincipalsmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?

3.BertrandRussell’snotionaboutelectricityis（）.

4.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea（）.

5.Modemsciencecameintobeing（）.

问题1选项

A.toexplainwhythingshappen

B.toexplainhowthingshappen

C.todescribeself-evidentprinciples

D.tosupportAristotelianscience

问题2选项

A.TheinfluenceofSt.Paul’s

B.Theforcesofelectricitymagnetismandgravity

C.Aristotle’snaturalscience

D.Galileo’sdiscoveries.

问题3选项

A.disapprovedofbymostmodemscientists

B.inagreementwithAristotle’stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

C.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how”thingshappen

D.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“why”thingshappen

问题4选项

A.thattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

B.thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”are

C.thatthereareself-evidentprincipals

D.thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

问题5选项

A.whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced

B.whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen

C.whenAristotelianscientiststriedtoexplainwhythingshappen

D.whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofreality

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出控制实验的方法目的在于解释事情是如何发生的。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章,“AristotleforexamplewhosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.”，可知以亚里士多德为例，他的自然科学主宰了西方两千年的思想，他相信人可以通过自明的原理进行推理来理解现实。可判断出两千多年来，对科学思想影响最大的原则是亚里士多德的自然科学。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章，“‘Electricity’,BertrandRussellsays,‘isnotathinglikeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrifiedwehavetoldallthereistotell.’”，可知罗素对电的看法是：电不是一种物质，而是一种事物表现的方式，当我们解释了事物通电时的表现，以及在什么情况下通电时，我们已经解释了所有。可判断出罗素关于电的解释与科学调查的结果相一致，其目的是弄清事情是如何发生的。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。文章提出随着人类文明探索的进步，人类无法解释一些神秘力量的本质，后面举了罗素的和亚里士多德的观点为例子，说明人类能够通过对原理进行推理，解释神秘力量的本质和事物为何发生。可判断出最近科学家才开始同意现代科学能够对科学中的神秘力量进行解释。选项B符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出当控制实验方法首次被引入时，现代科学诞生了。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Followthemoneyandyouwillendupinspace.That’sthemessagefromafirst-of-its-kindforumonminingbeyondEarth.

ConvenedinSydneybytheAustralianCentreforSpaceEngineeringResearch,theeventbroughttogetherminingcompanies,roboticsexperts,lunarscientists,andgovernmentagenciesthatareallworkingtomakespaceminingareality.

Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirm.

PlanetaryResourcesofWashingtonsaysitwilllaunchitsfirstprospectingtelescopesintwoyears,whileDeepSpaceIndustriesofVirginiahopestobeharvestingmetalsfromasteroidsby2020.Anothercommercialventurethatsprungupin2012,GoldenSpikeofColorado,willbeofferingtripstothemoon,includingtopotentiallunarminers.

Withinafewdecades,thesefirmsmaybemeetingearthlydemandsforpreciousmetals,suchasplatinumandgold,andtherareearthelementsvitalforpersonalelectronics,suchasyttriumandlanthanum.ButlikethegoldrushpioneerswhotransformedthewesternUnitedStates,thefirstspaceminerswon’tjustenrichthemselves.Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.

Inthisscenario,waterminedfromotherworldscouldbecomethemostdesiredcommodity.“Inthedesert,what’sworthmore:akilogramofgoldorakilogramofwater?”asksKrisZacnyofHoneybeeRoboticsinNewYork.“Goldisuseless.Waterwillletyoulive.”

Watericefromthemoon’spolescouldbesenttoastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationfordrinkingorasaradiationshield.Splittingwaterintooxygenandhydrogenmakesspacecraftfuel,soice-richasteroidscouldbecomeinterplanetaryrefuelingstations.

Companiesareeyeingtheiron,silicon,andaluminuminlunarsoilandasteroids,whichcouldbeusedin3Dprinterstomakesparepartsormachinery.Otherswanttoturnspacedirtintoconcreteforlandingpads,sheltersandroads.

1.Inthepassagetheauthormentionsseveralcompaniesprimarilyto（

）.

2.Theauthorindicatesthatspaceminingcouldhavewhichpositiveeffect?

3.Asusedinthepassagetheword“demands”underlinedmostnearlymeans

（

）.

4.Whatfunctiondoesthediscussionofwaterinlastpartofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.notethetechnologicaladvancesthatmakespaceminingpossible

B.provideevidenceofthegrowinginterestinspacemining

C.emphasizethelargeprofitstobemadefromspacemining

D.highlightthediversewaystocarryoutspaceminingoperations

问题2选项

A.ItcouldyieldmaterialsimportanttoEarth’seconomy

B.ItcouldraisethevalueofsomepreciousmetalsonEarth

C.Itcouldcreateunanticipatedtechnologicalinnovations

D.Itcouldchangescientists’understandingofspaceresources

问题3选项

A.offers

B.claims

C.inquiries

D.desires

问题4选项

A.Itcontinuesanextendedcomparisonthatbeginsinthepreviousparagraph

B.Itprovidesanunexpectedanswertoaquestionraisedinthepreviousparagraph

C.Itoffershypotheticalexamplessupportingaclaimmadeinthepreviousparagraph

D.Itexaminespossibleoutcomesofaproposalputforthinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第三、四、五段提到了几家公司并说到了他们的一些举措或计划，尤其第三段说到“Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirm2012年，两家私营小行星采矿公司刚刚成立，紧接着这个论坛就变得火热起来”说明很多公司对在太空采矿的兴趣正日益增加。因此B选项“提供证据表明人们对太空采矿的兴趣日益浓厚”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。作者在第五段提到“Withinafewdecades,thesefirmsmaybemeetingearthlydemandsforpreciousmetals,suchasplatinumandgold,andtherareearthelementsvitalforpersonalelectronics,suchasyttriumandlanthanum.在几十年内，这些公司可能会满足地球上对贵金属的需求，比如铂和金，以及对个人电子产品至关重要的稀土元素，比如钇和镧”，这些都是对太空采矿感兴趣的公司，因此这里说的就是太空采矿的好处，A选项“它可以产生对地球经济很重要的物质”符合文意。

3.判断推理题。句中用来与demands搭配的动词是“meeting满足”，因此此处desire“要求”可与demand对等。

4.判断推理题。文章最后一部分讨论水，原因可在倒数第三段第一句找到“Inthisscenario,waterminedfromotherworldscouldbecomethemostdesiredcommodity在这种情况下，从太空中开采的水可能成为最受欢迎的商品”。这里是在为上文说到的“Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.他们还希望建立一个与地球没有任何联系的外星球经济，从月球和小行星上提取和处理的物质被运送到太空项目中。”提供一个例子，而这一切都还是假设，因此C选项“它为前一段的观点提供了假设的例子”正确。

8.单选题

Suddenlythedailyfearanduncertainty（）intofull-scaleterror,andtheshipechoedwithscreams.

问题1选项

A.evaporated

B.escalated

C.evacuated

D.exaggerated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。evaporate“蒸发，使脱水”；escalate“升级”；evacuate”疏散，撤出”；exaggerate“夸张，夸大”。句意：突然，平时的恐惧和不确定性升级为彻底的恐惧，船上回响着尖叫声。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Shehasthe（

）ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.

问题1选项

A.optimum

B.option

C.orientation

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。optimum意为“最佳效果，最适宜条件”；option意为“选择权，选择（的自由）”；orientation意为“方向，定位”；preference意为“偏爱，喜爱”。

句意：她可以选择进入研究生院或开始她的职业生涯。

10.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

问题1选项

A.extensively

B.exclusively

C.excessively

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。extensively意为“广大地，广泛地”；exclusively意为“唯一地”；excessively意为“过度地”；exceedingly意为“非常，极其”。

句意：你的建议对他来说非常的有价值，他现在是无计可施了。

11.单选题

Themountainpeakis（）onthehorizon.

问题1选项

A.straddling

B.overlooking

C.towering

D.dominant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。straddling“跨坐”；overlooking“俯瞰”；towering“高耸的，超越的”，侧重于与周围环境形成比较；dominant“占优势的，显性的”，bedominanton“占主导”。句意：山顶耸立在地平线上。题目中山峰没有和周围环境形成比较，在地平线上最显眼。选项D符合题意。

12.翻译题

Today,thereiswidespreadagreementthatcloningforreproductionisunsafeandshouldbebanned.Now,thedebatehasshiftedawayfromtheethicsofbaby-makingandtowardthemoralityofcloningembryosfortheircellsandissues,whichmightbeusedtotreatdiseases.Thecontroversypitsreligiousconservativesandabortionopponents,whoregardembryosasnascenthumanlife,againstpatients’groups,scientistsandthebiotechnologyindustry.

【答案】现在，人们达成共识的是，为再生产而进行的克隆是不安全的，因此应该禁止。当前，人们争论的焦点已不再局限于克隆婴儿的伦理问题。人们的注意已转移到对胚胎的克隆上来，尽管由之产生的组织和细胞有助于治疗很多疾病。因为保守的宗教人士和堕胎反对者认为胚胎是早期的生命形式，他们自然与患者、科学家和生物工业站在争论的两边。

13.单选题

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

问题1选项

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。brokendown打破，折断；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled编辑；compressed压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。

14.单选题

Duringthepreparationofpapersforseminars,Ihadtofacetheconsciousproblemofwritingaboutasystem（）silenceandlinkssuchreticencetoideasof'respect','order',and'discipline'inanall-encompassingpaternalism.

问题1选项

A.whatIknowprefers

B.whichIknowprefers

C.thatIknowpreferring

D.inwhichIknowtoprefer

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题意，空格引导定语从句，先行词为system，由固定搭配inasystem“在系统里”，选项D符合题意。句意：在为研讨会准备论文的过程中，我不得不有意识地描写一个系统，在这个系统里面，我更愿意保持沉默，将这种沉默与“尊重”、“秩序”和“纪律”等概念联系在一起，形成了一种无所不包的家长式作风。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Thepopularbookwas（

）byapanelofexperts,workinginconjunctionwiththepublisher.

问题1选项

A.composed

B.comprised

C.conceived

D.compiled

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Compose“构成；写作”；comprise“包含，由……组成”；conceive“怀孕；构思”；compile“编译，编制”。句意：这本颇受欢迎的书是由专家小组编制而成，与出版社互相协调而成的。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Withtheadventofnewtechnologies,trashrecyclingisbecominganincreasing______optionforwastedisposal.

问题1选项

A.controversial

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.impractical

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.controversial引起争论的；有争议的B.flexible灵活的；可变动的

C.feasible可行的；行得通的D.impractical不现实的；手不灵巧的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词trashrecycling（垃圾回收）和wastedisposal（废物处理）可知，______option指的是“可行的方法”，故该题选择C项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】随着新技术的出现，垃圾回收正成为一种日益可行的废物处理方法。

17.单选题

AntonioRatti,at78stillakingoftheItaliansilkindustry,oncewarnedhisemployees:“Don’tlet'sbecomefatandlazyliketheLyonnais”.Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536,risked“losingeverything’’,theItalianwarned.

Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years.Examplesoftherichropeandfabricsformerlysuppliedtoroyalcounts,popesandcardinalsareonshowinthecity'smuseum,butfewsilkcompaniessurviveonthehillsideabovetheRiverSeine.

WhileLyonandsurroundingRhoneAlpsregionremainthecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustry,mostofthe650companiesand55,000workersinthesectordealinsyntheticfibers.Localproductionofrawsilkhasfadedalmosttonothing,leavingthefieldtoChina.Butbyallyingprovendesignstrengthswithmoreaggressivemarketing,specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods.

“AlltoooftentheLyonnaisadoptedtheattitudethatitwasforbuyerstocomeanddiscoverwhattheyhadtooffer/saysRonaldCurrieoftheLyon-basedInternationalSilkAssociation.

HisopinionthattheLyonnaisaremoreoutward-lookingisconfirmedbyGillesMalfroy,whoseMalfroyMillionsells3millionsilkscarvesayear,notablyinJapan.Itisalso

developingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures.“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”.Slowly,theFrencharemakinginroadsonthemarketshareamassedsince1945bytheItaliansilkindustry.Butwiththeirturnoveroflessthan$10millionayear,Lyon'sweaversandprintersarestilldwarfedbyRatti's$200millionturnover.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Lyonnais（

）.

2.What’sthemeaningof“slip”inparagraphtwo?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.SilkscarvesofMalfroyMillionsellwellbecauseof

（

）.

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.wereemployeesoftheFrenchtextileindustry

B.wereemployeesoftheItaliansilkindustry

C.wastheItaliansilkindustry

D.wastheFrenchsilkindustry

问题2选项

A.Anunintentionalandtrivialmistake

B.Movingquietlyandcautiously.

C.Afallfromsomelevelorstandard

D.Narrowstripofpaper.

问题3选项

A.TheFrenchsilkproductsaredisappearingfromtheworldmarket.

B.ThecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustryischanging.

C.LuxurysilkproductshelpFrancetorecapturesilkmarket.

D.TheLyonnaishavenotrealizedthedangerbeforethem.

问题4选项

A.theirlowprice

B.theirexclusivedesign

C.theirhighquality

D.alloftheabove

问题5选项

A.themass-producedsilkgoodsislosingmarketinChina

B.MalfroyMillionisdevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoods

C.Lyon'sweaversandprintersaredwarfedbyRatti'sbecauseoflessturnovers

D.theFrenchandtheItalianarecompetingwitheachotheratthemarketofChina.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536提到里昂自1536年来是法国的丝绸业的传统中心，选项B和C是关于意大利的，可以排除；文章第一段里面Ratti对员工说，“希望我们不要成为像里昂那样又胖又懒”，可知他本身也是法国纺织工业的一员。选项A符合题意。

2.slip出现在文章第二段第一句话：Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years，主要讲述了里昂作为法国纺织业中心的兴衰，renewedvigor“新的活力”，可以推断在注入新的活力之前是经过了下滑，因此slip在这里的意思是“下滑”，选项C符合题意。

3.文章第三段最后一句specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods提到一些公司试图通过奢侈品和高端的时尚产品重新占据市场，由此可以推断出法国纺织业公司通过生产围巾等来重新占据市场。选项C符合题意。

4.文章最后一段“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”提到价格、多样性以及独特性对于消费者来说都很重要。选项D符合题意。

5.题目的要求是下列哪个选项在文章中没有直接讲述，但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段ItisalsodevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures提到Malfroy正在通过价格低质量高的商品来发展市场，这些商品与之前中意合资企业生产的商品不同，由此可以推测大批量的商品正在逐渐失去市场。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Ifyouwantthispain-killer,you’llhavetoaskthedoctorfora（）.

问题1选项

A.receipt

B.recipe

C.subscription

D.prescription

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果你想要这个止疼药，你将不得不向医生要一个药方。

考查名词辨析。receipt收据，收条，接收，收到;recipe食谱，秘诀;subscription捐献，订阅，签署；prescription药方，指示，惯例。根据前半句句意“如果你想要这个止疼药”可知D符合句意。

19.单选题

Eventhecleverestuseoftimemanagementte