考研考博-英语-天津医科大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津医科大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Therewasonlyasmall（

）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

问题1选项

A.intimacy

B.increment

C.immortality

D.incidence

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。intimacy“亲密，亲昵行为，隐私”；increment“增量，增加”；immortality“不朽，不灭”；incidence“发生率，影响”。由句子中“thecity'spopulation该市人口”确定B选项“增加”符合句意，正确。

2.单选题

Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan（

）totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.

问题1选项

A.counton

B.countin

C.countup

D.countout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:经理需要一个靠得住的助手，以便当他不在吋，可以帮助处理问题。

短语辨析。counton依靠,依赖;countin把..算在内;countup加起来;countout点数。故选A。

3.单选题

Englandbecameunifiedlateinthe15thcentury.OnBosworthField,in1485,HenryTudorputanendtothecivilstrifeoftheWarsoftheRosesandcrownedhimselfHenryVII.Forcefullybringingrecalcitrantnoblestoheel,hestrengthenedhisauthority.Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies,andrestrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol,whohadmonopolizedtrade.ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.But,beforethelatterleftSpain,theSpanishmonarchsexperiencedachangeofheartandsupportedthevoyagethatwastogiveSpainanempire.

Meanwhile,HenryVIInevergaveuphishopeofobtainingforEnglandashareoftherichEasterntrade.BritishmerchantsestablishedatradelinkwithIcelandabout1490.AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.AnItalian-bornnavigator,CabothadlivedinEnglandsince1484.Asayouth,hehadvisitedtheEast,andwhenhearrivedinLondonhehadalreadydecidedthatanall-waterroutecouldbefoundtothetradingcentersthere.HemayhavemadeafewtripstoIcelandbeforetheKingcommissionedhistrans-Atlanticvoyage.

InMayof1497,CabotleftBristolwithacrewof18and,afteravoyageof52daysacrosstheNorthAtlantic,landedonCapeBretonIslandandtookpossessionofthelandforHenryVII.Fromthere,heexploredseveralislandsintheGulfofSt.LawrenceandinAugustreturnedtoEnglandandthepraiseofHenryVII,whograntedhimnewletters-patent.WhenCabotsailedagain,in1498,hehadperhaps5or6ships,whosecrewstotaledsome300men.TheKingpersonallyfinancedasubstantialportionoftheexpedition'scost.Onhissecondvoyage,CabotprobablyexploredtheNorthAmericancoastfromNewfoundlandsouthtotheDelawareorChesapeakeBays.

HavingfailedtofindtheshoresofCathay(China)orCipango(Japan),theEnglishturnedintheoppositedirection.HenryⅦ’sson,HenryⅧ——betterknownforhismartialinvolvementandhisbreakwiththePope——enthusiasticallybegantobuild“afleetthelikeofwhichtheworldhasneverseen.”JohnCabot’sson,Sebastian,becamearenownednavigator.AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.HealsohelpedfoundthecompanyofMerchant-Adventurers,predecessoroftheMuscovyCompany,andbecameitspresidentforlife.

Thus,fornearlyacentury,England'sinterestwasdivertedfromtheNewWorldandherenergieswereconcentratedonthedevelopmentofacommercialempireandamerchantfleetthatbecamesecondtononeinEurope.ButJohnCabothadgivenEnglandaclaimtothenorthernshoresoftheNewWorld,andinthecourseoftimethe"seadogs"andotherEnglishmarinersweretobreathenewlifeintoit.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesColumbuschieflyto

（

）.

4.AccordingtothePassage,SebastianCabotandChristopherColumbus（

）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatHenryⅦ'sinterestinnavigationwaschiefly

（

）.

6.AccordingtothepassageHenryⅦ'spoliciesincludedallofthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

8.Forthepurposesofthispassage,theendofthewarsoftheRoseswasimportantchieflybecause

（

）.

9.Forthepurposesofthispassage,JohnCabot'sprincipalimportanceisthathe

（

）.

10.Accordingtothepassage,theinitialvoyagesofChristopherColumbusandJohnCabotweremotivatedchieflybyadesire（

）.

问题1选项

A.recounttheCabots'contributionstoEngland'scommercialdevelopment.

B.demonstratethefar-sightednessoftheTudormonarchs.

C.explainEngland'searlyinvolvementwiththeNewWorld.

D.analyzethelate15thcenturycompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain.

问题2选项

A.HenryⅦfollowedhisfather'spolicyofrapidexplorationoftheNewWorld.

B.England'ssuperiormerchantfleetwasestablishedbeforeherinitialvoyagestotheNewWorld.

C.HenryⅧ’sfamerestsmainlyonhisestablishmentofacommercialempire.

D.SebastianCabotestablishedasea-landroutetoMoscowduringHenryVIII'sreign.

问题3选项

A.EmphasizethecompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain

B.illustratedthedisloyaltyofSpanishnavigators

C.demonstratethatEnglandtrailedherchiefrivalsinexploration

D.illustrateHenryⅦ'sinterestinpromotingcommerce

问题4选项

A.competedwitheachothertofindnewroutestotheNewWorld

B.discoveredcontinents

C.establishedtradingcompanies

D.workedforSpanishmonarchs

问题5选项

A.commercial

B.military

C.political

D.educational

问题6选项

A.financingofforeign-bornvoyagers

B.useofforceinsubduingEnglishnobles

C.encouragementofforeignmerchantsinEngland

D.formationoftradingcompanies

问题7选项

A.Someearlyvoyagerswerewillingtoservewhateverkingwouldfinancetheirexpeditions.

B.HenryVIIwishedtoreachtheNewWorldbeforeSpaindid.

C.Mostearlyvoyagerswerenotwellcompensatedfortheirdiscoveries.

D.EnglishmonarchswerequicktorecognizetheimportanceofthediscoveryoftheNewWorld.

问题8选项

A.itestablishedtheTudordynastyinEngland

B.itbroughtabenevolentkingtotheEnglishthrone

C.itunitedEngland,Scotland,andWales

D.theensuingpeaceallowedcommercialdevelopment

问题9选项

A.establishedEngland'sclaimintheNewWorld

B.openednewcommercialroutestotheEast

C.gaveEnglandnavalsupremacyinEurope

D.provedthatall-waterroutestomajortradingcentersexisted

问题10选项

A.tofindaroutetoAsia

B.forpersonalgain

C.todiscovernewlands

D.toincreasetheirmonarchs'empires

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了亨利七世统治英格兰期间当时的社会背景环境以及他注重商业发展、鼓励海外贸易。亨利七世原本答应支持哥伦布的航海计划，但最终由西班牙君主资助；第二段介绍亨利七世授权约翰•卡伯特及其儿子跨越大西洋航行至亚洲以及约翰•卡伯特的简介；第三段介绍了约翰•卡伯特的航行为英国发现了新的土地；第四段介绍了亨利八世和约翰•卡伯特的儿子的成就；最后一段介绍英国将注意力从发现新大陆转向发展为商业帝国。因此本文的主旨为约翰•卡伯特为英国航海及商业作出的贡献，A选项“讲述卡伯特对英国商业发展的贡献”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.（在西班牙服务多年后，他回到英国，开启了通往莫斯科的海路航线）可知D选项“在亨利八世统治期间，塞巴斯蒂安•卡伯特建立了一条通往莫斯科的海陆航线”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies...HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.（因此，亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促进商业上。他鼓励英国商人从事对外贸易，支持贸易公司的成立……亨利七世同意为这次航行提供资金，并敦促哥伦布立即来到英国）可知D选项“证明亨利七世对促进商业贸易发展兴趣”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.（在西班牙服务多年后，他回到英国，开启了通往莫斯科的海路航线）可知塞巴斯蒂安•卡伯特以前也为西班牙君主服务，因此选D。

5.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.（因此，亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促进商业上）可知作者认为亨利七世对航海的兴趣主要是商业方面的，因此选A。

6.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的restrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol（限制外国商人在伦敦和布里斯托尔的活动）可知C选项“鼓励在英国的外国商人”符合题意。

7.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.（哥伦布提议横渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵达中国，当没有得到葡萄牙或西班牙国王的支持时，哥伦布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英国）可知A选项“早期的一些航行家愿意服务于任何给他们资助的国王”符合题意。

8.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.（近一个世纪来，这个国家首次实现了政府的稳定和保持了相当程度的和平与繁荣）可知D选项“随之而来的和平使商业发展得以实现”符合题意。

9.推理判断题。B选项“开辟通往东方的新商业路线”与C选项“赋予英国海军在欧洲的霸主地位”在文章中没有提及到，故排除。A选项“确立了英国在新大陆的主权”与D选项“证明通往主要贸易中心的水路是存在的”都属于JohnCabot的贡献，但其最重要的贡献是D选项。

10.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.（哥伦布提议横渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵达中国，当没有得到葡萄牙或西班牙国王的支持时，哥伦布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英国）和第二段中的AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.（1496年3月5日，在哥伦布航海的消息的鼓舞下，亨利七世授予“深爱的约翰•卡伯特”和他的三个儿子跨越大西洋航行至亚洲）可知ChristopherColumbus和JohnCabot最初航行的目的是到达亚洲，因此选A。

4.单选题

Ⅸ.(LitigationProcedure)

Arelatedconsequenceofthetrial’sdisappearancewouldbetheincreasingbureaucratizationofAmericansociety.Corporatebureaucraciesrationallyorganizedtoachieveprofitmaximizationwouldbelessqualified.Wewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonouroftenpoliticallybeleagueredadministrativeagenciestocontrolthelatter.Andevenwithinthelegalsystemitself,formalisticmodesofadjudication,whichparallelbureaucraticdecision-making,wouldbelessqualified.Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.InsofarasabureaucraticapparatusgrindsforwardmechanicallyandinexorablywemayendupwithwhatHannahArendthasfamouslycalledanirresponsible“rulebynobody”.

Itisunlikely,however,inmanycasesthatgeneralrulesreallydodecideparticularcases.Insteadofamechanicalsystemdecidingcasesdeductively,whatwewillprobablyhaveinmanycasesarejudgesdecidingcasesintheintersticesofcomplexruleswhichdonotthemselvesdecidethecase.Unlikethedevicesofthetrial,whichcanreally“getinside”thedecision-makerandwhosemoralsourcesactuallycantrumpthesubjectivityofalonedecision-maker,complexpatternsofjurisdictional,procedural,evidentiary,andsubstantiverulescaninvitemanipulationbyaCartesianjudgeviewingthoserulesfromadistance.Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.Thereisanothereffectofthedecliningimportanceofpublicprocessesofadjudication.

Wearecontinuingtoloseamajorsourceofpublicinformationonimportantquestionsofgeneralconcern.“Aslongascourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdatainvolumeandkindoutstrippingthatproducedaboutadjudicationinadministrativeagencies,andaslongasprivateprovidersdonotregularlydisseminateinformationaboutorprovideaccesstotheirprocesses,”then“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”

83.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatbureaucraticmodesofsocialordering___.

84.ThestatementclosestinmeaningtoJudgePosner’sstatementis___.

85.Whencourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdata,thedecliningtrialratedoesNOTcomewith___.

86.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillNOThappeniftrialdisappearsintheUnitedStates?

问题1选项

A.donotlookintovalueorpreferencebutratherrelyonjudgmentorintuitionwhenmakingdecision

B.havenothingtodowithvalueorpreference

C.areakindofadministrativetask

D.relyonjudgmentorintuition

问题2选项

A.Areallyskillfullegalanalystcanalwayscoveroverhimself

B.Askillfuljudgecanalwaysfindalegalreasonforhisjudgment

C.Thelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused

D.Legalvarnishcancoveroverlegaloutcome

问题3选项

A.decreaseofpublicknowledgeofdisputes

B.diminutionofpublicinformationregardingjudges’behavior

C.growthofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

D.lesseningofpublicawarenessofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

问题4选项

A.Formalisticmodesofadjudicationwouldbelessqualified.

B.Corporatebureaucracieswouldbecomelessqualified.

C.Peoplewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonadministrativeagencies.

D.Bureaucraticdecision-makingwouldbequalified.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】83.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到划线句子Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.（社会秩序的官僚模式寻求“排除与行政任务明显无关的价值或偏好问题，并将依赖不可复制、不可审查的判断或直觉视为一种非常没有吸引力的决策方法”）可知官僚模式将直觉视为决策方法，选A选项“不考虑价值或偏好，而是依靠判断或直觉做决定”；B选项“与价值或偏好无关”，C选项“是一种行政任务”以及D选项“依靠判断或直觉”和原文不符。因此A选项正确。

84.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“JudgePosner”定位到原文第二段Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.（毕竟，正如波斯纳法官所说，“几乎没有法律的结果是一个非常熟练的法律分析师不能用法律粉饰掩盖的”，至少“当法律是不确定的和情绪激动的时候”）可知选C选项“法律是不确定的和情绪激动的”；A选项“一个真正有技巧的法律分析师总能掩饰自己”，B选项“一个有经验的法官总能为他的判决找到合法的理由”以及D选项“法律粉饰可以掩盖法律结果”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

85.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“thedecliningtrialrate”定位到原文最后一段“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”（“随着审判率的下降，公众对纠纷、法官行为和公众对不和谐的规范反应的了解也会减少。”）可知C选项“在公众场合形成对不和谐的规范反应”原文未涉及；A选项“减少公众对纠纷的认识”，B选项“减少关于法官行为的公共信息”以及D选项“公众意识的削弱，在公众中伪造对不和谐的规范反应”原文有提及。因此C选项符合题意。

86.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字定位到原文第二段Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.（因此，从审判的消失中出现的严峻景象是一个官僚化的世界，在这个世界上，案件的运行是由一个不负责任的机制进行的，而剩下的案件则是“在法律不确定的情况下，由法官未经训练的主观性或政治承诺引起的情绪”所影响）可知D选项“官僚决策将是合格的”不会发生；A选项“形式主义的裁决模式不合格”，B选项“公司官僚机构将变得不那么合格”以及C选项“人们将不得不更完全地依赖行政机构”都会发生。因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Whitebloodcellcount.

B.Redbloodcellcount.

C.X-ray.

D.ECG.

问题2选项

A.Toomuchworktodo.

B.Aheavyloadofstudying.

C.Herdaughter’ssickness.

D.Herinsufficientincome.

问题3选项

A.Leukemia.

B.Gastriculcer.

C.Immunedisease.

D.Gastricinfluenza.

问题4选项

A.Takethewhitetabletsthreetimesaday.

B.Takethecharcoaltabletsthreetimesaday.

C.Takeoneortwowhitetabletsatatime.

D.Taketwocharcoaltabletsaday.20.

问题5选项

A.Stayoffwork.

B.Drinkplentyofliquids.

C.Eatalotofvegetablesandfruit.

D.Postponeyourexercisewhensick.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】P:Hereismyresult,doctor.

D:Haveaseat,andlet’shavealook.Well,yourECGisperfectlynormal,andthereisnoproblemwithyourX-ray,either.(16)Butyourwhitebloodcellcountisratherhigh,whichiswhatIexpected,anditshowsyourbodyisfightingthevirus.

P:IsthereanythinghereIcandosothatIcanfeelbetter,doctor?(17)Iamreallybusyatworkthisweek.AndIhavealotofstufftodo,butIdon'tfeeluptoit.Alsomydaughterisstudyingbedand...

D:Don’tworry.It’sjustagainstthefeel.ButIwillgiveyousomemedicineforittomakeyoufeelbetter.(19)Threetimesadaytakethewhitetabletsasdirectedonthelabelaftermeals.Andforthetablets,takeoneortwodependingonhowsuitableyourbowelsare.

P:IsthereanythingelseIcando,DoctorHunt?

D:Iknowyouarebusy,(20)butyoureallyshouldn’tgotowork.However,that’suptoyou.Restasmuchaspossible,drinkplentyofliquid,andeatplentyofvegetablesandfruits.Remember,anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Ifthereisnoimprovementafterthreedays,comebackandseemeagain.

P:Thankyou,doctor.

16.Accordingtothewomen’stestresults,whichofthefollowingitemisabnormal?

【解析】根据医生的判断，病人的ECG十分正常（perfectlynormal），X片也没有问题，但是白血球数量很高(whitebloodcellcountisratherhigh)。因此本题答案为A。

17.Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonforthewoman’sanxiety?

【解析】病人很焦虑，因为她本人工作很忙，女儿也生病了，学习压力也很大。只有D（收入不足）不是她焦虑的原因。

18.Whatisthedoctor’sdiagnosisofthewoman?

【解析】医生说病人的白细胞量高，证明身体正在跟病毒斗争，由此推理可知，病人可能是免疫系统出了点问题。故本题选C。

19.Howdoesthedoctorsaythemedicationsareadministeredforthewoman?

【解析】医生说，按照说明一天只服三次白色药片，而charcoal药片则需要根据肠胃（bowels）的适应度，再决定是服用一片还是两片，因此本题正确答案为A。

20.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthesuggestionsbythedoctor?

【解析】医生对病人的建议是：不能上班，大量饮水，多吃蔬菜和水果。只有“生病时延缓健身”未被提及，故本题答案为D。

6.单选题

Whenthedropswereplacedinthepatient’seyes,hispupilsbecame（

）.

问题1选项

A.dilated

B.smaller

C.irritated

D.sensible

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。dilated扩大的，膨胀的；smaller较小的；irritated恼怒的，生气的；sensible明智的。句意：当滴剂滴入患者的眼睛时，他的瞳孔放大了。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse.Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Everyonehasheardstoriesofghosts,witches,fairies,andgiants.Weallknowsomeproverbsandhavecomeacrosssuchideasas,forexample,thatitisluckytoseeablackcatandunluckytoseeasinglemagpie.Wekeepcertainseasonsoftheyearasfestivals,suchasChristmas,andwearefamiliarwiththespecialcustomsconnectedwithweddingsandfunerals.ItwouldbehardtofindanybodywhohadnotplayedgamessuchasBlindMan’sBuff.Allsuchthingsareofinteresttothosewhostudyfolklore.

Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross.Theyfirstofalltrytocollectaccuraterecordsofthem,thenseehowtheseareconnectedwithotherideasandcustomsofotherplacesortimes.Bycomparisonwithwhatisknownofoldtimesorthefolkloreofothercountries,theyendeavortodiscoverhowcertainbeliefsandpracticescameintobeing,andwhatpurposetheyservenoworusedtoserveinthepast.

Oftenwefindthatthebeliefswhichseemmostpeculiarandunreasonable,andthecustomswhichappearleastpractical,areofthegreatestinterestandimportancebecausetheyarecommonlytheoldest.Sometimestheywerepartofanancientritualorservedausefulpurposewhenpeople’swayoflifewasdifferentfromwhatitisnow.Sowenotonlylearnaboutwhatpeoplethoughtanddidinthepastbutarebetterabletounderstandpresentcustoms.Peopleoftenkeepupcustomswhentheyhaveforgottentheoriginalreasonforthem,andinthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom.Thus,whensomejokertiesanoldshoetothebackofthetaxitakingthebrideandbridegroomtostationfortheirhoneymoon,hewouldsayitwas"forluck,"butactuallyashoeisanoldfertilitysymbolandhasaplaceintheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestine.

1.Whichofthefollowingaccordingtothewriter,canbemostusefultopeoplewhostudyfolklore?

2.Howdopeopleusuallypassonoldideasandsuperstitions?

3.Whichofthefollowingartpeoplewhostudyfolkloremostunlikelytodo?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonwhypeoplestudyfolklore?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutcustoms?

问题1选项

A.Anoldfarmerwhosefamilyhasbeenlivinginthecountryforgenerations

B.Aprofessorofmedicineatauniversity.

C.Acarpenterwhohasbeeninthetradeforyears.

D.Alittlegirlwhohasjuststartedtogotoschool.

问题2选项

A.Bypuffingtheminalargestore-house

B.Bywritingthemdowninbooks

C.Bywordofmouth

D.Byplayinggames

问题3选项

A.Collectingrecordsofoldbeliefsandpractices.

B.Comparingthepresentcustomswiththoseofoldtimes.

C.Findingoutthepurposecertainbeliefsandpracticesserveorusedtoserve.

D.Criticizingtheoldbeliefsandsuperstitions.

问题4选项

A.Becauseitisascience.

B.Becausetheywanttobetterunderstandpresentcustoms.

C.Becausetheywanttofurtherdeveloptheoldbeliefsandcustoms.

D.Becausetheywanttoshowhowold-fashionedandsillytheoldbeliefsandpracticesare.

问题5选项

A.Thecustomswhichappearunpracticalareworthlesstopeoplewhostudyfolklore.

B.Thereasonsforcertaincustomsmaychangeinthecourseofhistory.

C.Presentcustomshavenothingtodowiththoseofoldtimes.

D.TheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestineareverysimilar.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。第一段指出:Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents(每个人都是民间传说的储藏室，尽管不是每个人都意识到这一点。事实上，受过最少书本教育的人往往最坚定地相信世代相传的旧思想和迷信，而这些都是世世代代以口头的方式流传下来的、正是这些人，忠实地传承着那些从祖辈那儿流传下来的风俗)。由此推测，A项“世代生活在农村的老农”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词oldideasandsuperstitions定位至第一段第三句:oldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations(这些旧思想和迷信说法都是世世代代以口头的方式流传下来的)。因此C项“以口头方式流传”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross(那些研究民俗学的人没有谁会傻乎乎地、幼稚地或者守旧地去批判那些无意中发现的古老的信仰和习俗)。因此，D项“批判古老的信仰与迷信”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。第一段指出了人们研究民俗学的原因:Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse(民俗学是人类学的一个分支，它涉及研究地方习俗、传说以及传统，因为这些东西像其他任何东西一样具有研究的科学价值)。故选A项“因为它也是一门科学”。

第5题:细节事实题。A:似乎不切实际的风俗对于研究民俗学毫无价值。B:某些风俗的原因在历史的长河中会发生改变。C:现有的风俗与旧时风俗没有任何关系。D:中国和巴勒斯坦的婚礼习俗非常相似。最后一段第四句指出:inthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom(随着时间的推移，风俗习惯被赋予了新内涵)。因此B项正确。其余三项均与原文不符。

8.单选题

AreweatthebeginningofanotherAgeofExploration?Perhapsevenmoreimportant,areweatthebeginningof（1）AgeofColonization?Asthepopulationoftheworldincreasestowardsthepoint（2）theearthcannolongersupportallthepeople（3）onit,thesecondquestionbecomesurgent.Willwediscoveranewworld,（4）Columbusdid,onwhichhumanlifewillbepossible?Atthispointinthespaceage,noonecanreallyanswerthesequestions.Wecansay,（5）,thatwewillnotseetomorrowthekindofspacetravelthat（6）fictionandthemovieshaveshown.Itwillbealongtimebeforewehaveflightthatrun（7）tohumancoloniesonthemoonorononeoftheplanets.Wearenotevengoingtobeableto（8）immediateadvantagesofthemineralsthatwemayfindontheplanets（9）ourownsolarsystem.

Greatproblemsmustbesolved（10）wecouldsendcolonistsoutintospace.Thedistancesthatmustbe（11）andthelengthoftimeittakestodothatcanhardlybe（12）.Therearealsodangersthatwestilldonotreallyunderstand—fromradiation.Forexample,orfrompiecesofmatter（13）inspace,orfromcontaminationfromformsoflifethatmight（14）there.Thereisalsoneedforhumanstotaketheirownenvironmentintospace（15）them.Sofarno“island”hasbeendiscoveredinspaceonwhichpeoplecanexistwithoutsystemsthat（16）life,andthesesystemsmustaccompanyanyfuturespace（17）.Finally,onthemastpractical（18）,therehastobetheenormousexpense（19）inspaceexploration.TheUSandRussiangovernmentshavealreadyspentbillionsofdollarsforprojects（20）whichtheycanreceivereturnonlyinknowledgeandnotinmoney.

问题1选项

A.another

B.an

C.the

D.one

问题2选项

A.which

B.when

C.where

D.whether

问题3选项

A.inhabited

B.crowded

C.borne

D.rushed

问题4选项

A.like

B.what

C.as

D.such

问题5选项

A.however

B.moreover

C.otherwise

D.therefore

问题6选项

A.ethical

B.science

C.affectional

D.action

问题7选项

A.punctually

B.permanently

C.temporarily

D.regularly

问题8选项

A.get

B.take

C.gain

D.make

问题9选项

A.from

B.in

C.on

D.with

问题10选项

A.after

B.till

C.before

D.until

问题11选项

A.covered

B.done

C.ended

D.finished

问题12选项

A.imagined

B.imaginable

C.imaginary

D.imaginative

问题13选项

A.out

B.over

C.from

D.above

问题14选项

A.revive

B.exist

C.survive

D.live

问题15选项

A.around

B.among

C.across

D.with

问题16选项

A.support

B.handle

C.provide

D.invade

问题17选项

A.tourists

B.pilots

C.travelers

D.invaders

问题18选项

A.grade

B.level

C.point

D.standard

问题19选项

A.involved

B.invested

C.concerned

D.budgeted

问题20选项

A.from

B.toward

C.onto

D.with

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:C

第11题:A

第12题:A

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:D

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:B

第19题:B

第20题:A

【解析】（1）根据原文，也许更重要的是,我们是否处于殖民化时代的开端？根据上文提到的anotherAgeofExploration可知此处应为another,泛指“另一个”。选项A正确。

（2）本句中先行词为thepoint,定语从句中缺少状语。因此,本题选C。

（3）inhabit居住,在……出现;crowded拥挤的;bear忍受,负担;rush猛攻,突袭,（使）仓促行事。根据原文句意,地球已不能再容纳所有拥挤在地球上的人，第二个问题变得紧迫。选项B符合原文。

（4）句意：我们会像哥伦布那样发现一个人类可以定居的地方吗？选项A和C都有”就像，正如”的意思，但like的词性是动词,此处需要填入一个连接词，所以排除选项A