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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津国土资源和房屋职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Mr.Smith(

)withthegovernmentforthirty-sevenyearsbythetimeheretires.

问题1选项

A.willwork

B.willhaveworked

C.willbeworking

D.willhavebeenworked

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法时态。根据句中“by+thetime”可知,这里应为完成时,首先排除选项A和C;Mr.Smith和work之间构成主动关系,所以选项B正确。

2.单选题

Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;it()sixhours.

问题1选项

A.ended

B.finished

C.was

D.lasted

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这是我们做过的最大的实验。此实验持续6小时。结合此处语境,D为正确答案。

3.单选题

Hesaidthathehadno___ofthe1978interviewandthathehadneverseenitinprint.

问题1选项

A.recollection

B.memory

C.reminder

D.recognition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项recollection“回忆;回忆起的事物”;B选项memory“记忆,记忆力;内存,[计]存储器;回忆”;C选项reminder“暗示;提醒的人/物;催单”;D选项recognition“识别;承认;认出;重视;赞誉;公认”。句意:他说,他不___1978年的那次采访,也从未在报纸上看到过。本句表达“不记得那次采访”,因B此选项正确。

4.写作题

Directions:Writeashortessay(around200words)expressingyourideaaboutGOODMANNERSin3paragraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodevelopitsideasincompletingtheparagraph.

1.Goodmannersmeangoodbehaviorinsocialintercourse.

2.Aselfishmancanneverpossessgoodmanners.

3.Thenhowtolearngoodmanners?

【答案】略

5.单选题

Thedinner________prepared,Itookanapbeforetheguestsarrived.

问题1选项

A.be

B.being

C.havingbeen

D.tobe

【答案】C

【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:晚餐做好了我在客人来之前打了个盹。主句的谓语动词“took”是过去时,而根据句意晚餐是在“我”睡觉之前就已经做好了,是一种完成的状态,所以答案要选C:现在分词的完成式。A选项会造成主句有两套主谓结构,而句子中间没有连词,所以不能选A;B选项表示现在而D选项表示将来,不符合题意。

6.单选题

Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople(

)andasksthemquestions.

问题1选项

A.atlength

B.atrandom

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。atlength意为“充分地”;atrandom意为“任意地,随便地”;inessence意为“本质上,大体上”;inbulk意为“大量,整批”。

句意:当心理学家要做一个关于人类思维的常规实验时,他会随机地选择人并问他们问题。

7.单选题

Thepolicehaddifficultyin_____thefansfromrushingontothestagetotakephotoswiththesinger.

问题1选项

A.limiting

B.restraining

C.confining

D.restricting

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。limit限制,限定;restrain抑制,控制,制止;confine限制,禁闭;restrict限制,约束,限定。Restrict一般指限制某物的大小、数量等;limit一般指空间、时间或数量的极限;confine侧重于不可逾越的限制,比如束缚、囚禁。restrain指阻止,抑制,通常与from搭配,指阻止某人做某事。句意:警察很难阻止歌迷们冲上台与歌手合影。所以选项B更符合本句语境。

8.单选题

Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.TheseincludeUFOsaswellassightingsandencounterswith“nonhumancreatures”suchasBigfootandtheLochNessmonster.OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.

TheNazca“lines”ofPeruwerediscoveredinthe1930s.Thesefinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraft.Yettherewerenoaircraftin300B.C.,whenitisjudgedthedesignsweremade.Norweretherethen,oraretherenow,anynearbymountainrangesfromwhichtoviewthem.SohowandwhydidthenativepeopleofNazcacreatethesemarvelousdesigns?Oneanswerappearedin1969,whentheGermanresearcherandwriterErichvonDanikenproposedthatthelinesweredrawnbyextraterrestrialsasrunwaysfortheiraircraft.ThescientificcommunitydidnottakelongtoscoffatandabandonvonDaniken’stheory.Overtheyearsseveralothertheorieshavebeenputforth,butnonehasbeenacceptedbythescientificcommunity.

TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisadirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.Currentlythereareover60sitesdedicatedtothismysteryfromLatinAmerica’spast,andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.

WilltheInternethelpexplaintheseunsolvedmysteries?Perhapsitisastepintherightdirection.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theNazcalineswerefound().

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehigherthelinesareseen,the()imagestheypresent.

3.TherehasbeenincreasinginterestintheNazcalinesmainlybecauseof().

5.Theauthoris()abouttheroleoftheInternetinsolvingmysteries.

问题1选项

A.LatinAmericahaslongreceivedattentionforunusualphenomena

B.PublicattentionisnowdirectedtowardscountrieslikePeru

C.PublicinterestusuallyfocusesonNorthAmericaandEurope

D.Someancientcivilizationshaveunsolvedmysteries

问题2选项

A.inmountains

B.instones

C.onanimals

D.onaplain

问题3选项

A.smaller

B.larger

C.clearer

D.brighter

问题4选项

A.theparticipationofscientists

B.theemergenceoftheInternet

C.thebirthofnewtheories

D.theinterestintheInternet

问题5选项

A.cautious

B.pessimistic

C.uncertain

D.optimistic

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干:以下哪个选项的陈述不正确?文章第一段第三句指出OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.(直到最近,拉丁美洲也开始受到一些关注。),可知A选项“拉丁美洲长期以来一直因异常现象而受到关注”,与原文意思矛盾,表述不正确,答案选A;根据第一段最后一句话AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.(尽管阿兹特克文明、玛雅文明和印加文明的奥秘已经为人所知好几个世纪了,但现在公众也开始意识到在秘鲁等国家出现了不寻常的超自然现象。),可知B选项“公众的注意力现在转向了像秘鲁这样的国家”和D选项“一些古代文明有未解之谜”,均符合文意;根据第一段第一句话Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.(在过去的几十年里,美国、加拿大和欧洲因异常现象和未解之谜而受到了大量媒体甚至研究的关注。),可知C选项“公众的兴趣通常集中在北美和欧洲”正确。综上所述,本题的正确答案是A选项。

2.事实细节题。题干:根据文章可知,纳斯卡线条在_____被发现。由题干关键词“Nazcalines”定位至第二段第二句话Thesefinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.(这些细雕被深深地雕刻成一个平坦的石质平原,并形成了大约300幅复杂的动物图片,如鸟、猴子和蜥蜴。),可知D选项“在平原”,正确。A选项“在山区”,B选项“石头上”和C选项“在动物身上”,均不是正确答案。综上所述,本题的正确答案是D选项。

3.事实细节题。题干:我们可以根据文章推断,在越高的地方看这些线条,图像展现得就会越_________。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三,四句话Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraft.(从地面上看,这些设计是乱七八糟,毫无意义的东西。这些图像是如此之大,以至于只能在1000英尺的高度—也就是说从飞机上看。),也就是说,从越高的地方看这些线条,图案也就越清晰。所以本题C选项“越清晰”,符合题意。A选项“越渺小”,B选项“越庞大”,和D选项“越明亮”,均不符合题意。综上所述,本题的正确答案是C选项。

4.事实细节题。题干:人们对纳斯卡线条越来越感兴趣主要是因为__________。由题干可以定位到文章第三段前两句TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisadirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.(今天,人们对纳斯卡线条有了新的更大的兴趣。它是互联网诞生的直接结果。),可知B选项“互联网的出现”,符合题意;而第三段最后一句话andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.(甚至受人尊敬的科学家也通过电子邮件和聊天室加入了讨论),是对互联网对其贡献的具体说明,不是直接原因,故A选项“科学家的参与”,不正确;C选项“新理论的诞生”和D选项“互联网的兴趣”与题干无关,故排除。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

5.观点态度题。题干:关于互联网在解决神秘事件中的作用,作者是__________。全文末句表达了作者的态度Perhapsitisastepinthefightdirection.(也许这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。)这里astepintherightdirection是对这种解开不解之谜的方式的肯定,但加上perhaps之后可以感受到作者这种谨慎的态度,故A选项“谨慎的”,符合题意。B选项“悲观的”,C选项“不确定的”和D选项“乐观的”,均不是作者的态度。综上所述,本题的正确答案是A选项。

9.单选题

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

问题1选项

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项plan“计划,平面图”;B选项judgment“判断,裁判,判决书,辨别力”;C选项stamina“耐力,持久力,毅力”;D选项knowledge“知识,学问,知道,认识,学科”。句意:这场危机将考验首相的勇气。Mettle“勇气,气质,耐力”,C选项与该词意思最相近,因此D选项正确。

10.不定项选择题

Whenyouchooseafreezer,rememberit’sprobablygoingtobewithyouforalongtime.Nosinglestyleorsizeisbest,soit’simportanttoknowwhichfreezerisrightforyourneeds.

First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficientbecauselesscoldairescapeswhentheyareopen.

Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost.Chestfreezersarealwaysmanual.Frostlessfreezersautomaticallydefrostatpresetintervalsandremovethewater.Manualmodelsmustbedefrostedbyhandeveryfewmonthsorwheneverfrostaccumulatestoaboutaquarterofaninch.

Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage,trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts.Draftsandheatwillraisethefreezer’scabinettemperatureandmakeitworkhardertokeepcool.Thatmeanswastedenergyandashortenedcompressorlife.

Dryairisimportantbecausehighhumiditycancausethefreezertorustoutsideandfrostupinside.Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.

Frostlessmodelsrequirelesscarethanmanualdefrostfreezers.Theinteriorofafrostlessunitshouldbewashedperiodicallywithwarmwaterandbakingsodaoramildsoap,rinsed,anddried.

Togetthemostfromyourfreezer,checkregularlytomakesureit’sprovidingatruezero-degreetemperature.

Keepthefreezeratleastthree-quartersfull.Theemptieritgets,themoreenergyiswaswasted.Ifmorethanthreepoundsoffoodpercubicfootofstoragespaceisaddedevery24hours,theresultinghighorlowtemperaturescandamagethefood.

1.WhichisNOTthedifferencebetweenuprightmodelfreezerandchestmodelfreezer?

2.Theunderlinedword“manual”inthethirdparagraphmeans(

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,choosingthebestplaceforyourfreezermeans(

).

4.WhichisNOTmentionedaboutthefactorswhichcaninfluencethelifespanoffreezers?

5.Whichstatementbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Anuprightmodeltakeslessroomontheground.

B.Anuprightfreezeriseasierforpeopletoputinandtakeoutfood.

C.Achestfreezerismoreeffectivethananuprightone.

D.Achestmodelneedmanualdefrostwhileanuprightoneneedn’t.

问题2选项

A.man-made

B.automatic

C.usinghands

D.everlasting

问题3选项

A.puttingitinanunheatedgarageifpossible

B.tryingtokeepitawayfromheat,drafts,andhumidity

C.locatingitnearasinkifitisamanual-defrostmodel

D.locatingitascloseaspossibletothekitchendoor

问题4选项

A.Humidity

B.Propercare

C.Theamountofstorage

D.Surroundingtemperature

问题5选项

A.Itdiscussestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffreezers.

B.Ittellsthemosteconomicalwaystouseafreezer.

C.Itexplainshowtodefrostamanual-defrostfreezer.

D.Itoffersadviceaboutchoosingandcaringforafreezer.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干:立式冰柜和箱式冰柜的区别是什么?A选项“立式冰柜占的空间更小。”;B选项“直立式冰箱更便于人们放入和取出食物。”;C选项“箱式冰箱比立式冰箱更有效。”;D选项“箱式冰柜需要人工除霜,而立式冰柜则不需要。”。第二段第二句话:Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficient…(立式冰箱比较方便。它们的存储空间更方便,占用的面积更少。然而,箱式冰柜更节能……),由此可以看出A、B、C正确;虽然前面半句正确但是文章没有提到立式冰柜不需要除霜,所以答案选D。

第2题:事实细节题。A“人造的”;B选项“自动的”;C选项“使用手的”;D选项“永恒的”。定位到文章第三段第一句Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost(如果你要买直筒式的,你必须在无霜和()除霜之间做出选择。)这里根据句意是说有两种冰箱做选择,有些冰箱是无霜冰箱,既然是做选择也就是另一些是有霜的,这些有霜冰箱不能自动除霜就需要手动来除霜。所以这里答案选C,其他选项不符合题意。

第3题:事实细节题。题干:根据文章,为你的冰箱选择最好的地方意味着……A选项“如果可能的话,把它放在没有暖气的车库里”;B选项“尽量让它远离热量,气流和湿度”;C选项“如果它是手动除霜型,就把它放在水槽附近”;D选项“把它放在离厨房门越近越好”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句话…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts(……找一个凉爽、干燥、远离穿堂风的地方),B选项是这句话的同意替换,所以答案选B选项。文章没有建议把冰箱放在某个具体的地方,所以答案A、C、D都不能选。

第4题:事实细节题。题干:影响冰箱寿命的因素有哪些没有提到?A选项“湿度”;B选项“适当的维护”;C选项“存储的数量”;D选项“周围的温度”。定位到文章第四段第一句…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts(……找一个凉爽、干燥、远离穿堂风的地方)这里讲了温度和湿度,所以答案A、D排除;定位到第五段第二句话Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.(如果使用得当,冰箱可以为你服务15年甚至更久)这里讲的是维护和保养,所以B选项排除;答案选C选项。

第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“它讨论了冰箱的优点和缺点”;B选项“它告诉了最经济的使用冰箱的方法”;C选项“它解释了如何解冻一个手动解冻冰柜”;D选项“它提供了选择和照顾冰箱的建议”。定位到文章第一段第一句话Whenyouchooseafreezer…(当你选冰箱的时候……);第二段第一句话First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.(首先,决定你是想要一个直立的还是箱型的);第四段第一句话Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage…(为了让你的冰箱寿命更长……)从这些可以看出这篇文章是关于冰箱的选择和保养的文章,所以答案选D。

11.单选题

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto()theproblem.

问题1选项

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“涉及”;B选项tackle“应付,处理”;C选项file“提出”;D选项attach“附加”。句意:尽管许多专家同意越来越多的儿童超重,但对于解决这个问题的最佳方法仍存在争论。选项B符合语境。

12.单选题

Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforthepositionintheuniversity____.

问题1选项

A.hasbeenaccepted

B.havebeenaccepted

C.wasaccepted

D.wereaccepted

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.hasbeenaccepted已经被录取B.havebeenaccepted已经被录取

C.wasaccepted被录取D.wereaccepted被录取

【答案】C

【考查点】主谓一致与时态一致

【解题思路】本句主语为neitheroftheyoungmen,neither做主语时谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,但是用单数更正式,单选题中单复数同时出现,选择单数形式为最佳;另外,原文中定语从句部分使用了过去完成时(hadapplied),因此主句部分也应使用一个过去的时态,通常是一般过去时。因此,C选项wasaccepted“被录取”符合要求。

【干扰项排除】

A选项hasbeenaccepted时态不对,现在完成时是表示现在的时态;

B选项havebeenaccepted,复数没有单数合适,时态也不对;

D选项wereaccepted,复数没有单数合适。

【句意】两个申请这个大学的职位的年轻人都没有被录取。

13.单选题

[A]Allpeopledevelopattitudesonpublicissues:somemaynotbeinterestedinandotherssimplymaynothearaboutthem.Theattitudesthatareformedmaybeheldforvarious[B]reasons.Thus,fourmenmayallbeopposedtohigherpropertytaxes[C]butforverydifferentreasons.Onemanmaybeforhighertaxesinprinciple,buthe[D]opposesthembecauseheishavingtroublepayingthemortgageonhishouse.

问题1选项

A.Allpeople

B.reasons

C.but

D.opposes

【答案】A

【解析】考查语义。由冒号后句意“有些人可能不感兴趣,而另一些人可能根本就没听说过”可知并不是所有人对公众问题持有看法。应将A选项allpeople改为notallpeople。

14.单选题

Theapartmenthasbeen(

)sineSmith'smovedout.

问题1选项

A.vacant

B.versatile

C.vacuum

D.vain

【答案】A

【解析】vacant空虚的,空缺的,空闲的;versatile多才多艺的,万能的;vacuum真空的;vain徒劳的,自负的。句意:自从Smith搬出去后,那套公寓一直空着。选项A符合句意。

15.翻译题

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternational

marketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthe

membersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariable

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,

technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,an

internationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.

Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretation

comesonlythroughexperience.

——onehasto

liveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwith

culturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,

followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisa

factoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusiness

approachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineach

countryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncenters

aroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternational

manageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaoreven

blindness.

【答案】文化是国际市场中最具挑战性的因素之一。特定社会成员的这种习得行为模式系统是由一系列动态变化的语言、宗教、价值观和习俗、美学、技术、教育和社会制度不断塑造而成的。为了应对这个系统,国际经理需要真实的文化和用于解释文化的知识。在某种程度上,事实知识可以习得,而文化的解释只能来源于经验。

在处理文化环境的问题时,最复杂的问题是来自于一个人无法学到文化——他必须置身其中。商业世界中存在着两种关于如何处理文化多样性的思想流派。一种是认为全世界的商业都是公事公办,像百事和麦当劳一样。在某些情况下,全球化是无法改变的事实,然而,文化差异还远没有融合。

另一种观点认为,企业必须根据不同的文化来调整经营模式。在每个国家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植,关键问题在于接受与否。国际经理面临的主要挑战是确保拒绝接受不是文化近视甚至眼盲的结果。

16.单选题

Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment,bothphysicallyandaesthetically,ismostapparentinourcities.Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,wherethereislittlehopeforimprovingconditions,haveoftenbeencitedascontributingcausesofurbanriotinganddisturbances.Crimeratesusuallyreachtheirpeakintheseneighborhoods.Suchsymptomsofgeneralpsychologicalmaladjustmentsuggestthatmoderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.

Thereseemstobeabundantevidencethattraditionalculturalpatternsbreakdownincities,andalsothatthehighnumbersofcontactswithindividuals,notpartofone’scircleofregularsocialacquaintancesmayleadtomentaldisturbancedefinedheremerelyasbehaviorgenerallyconsidered“disturbed”bythemajorityofthesociety.Itisimportanttonotethatantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”arefoundinallcultures,andthatindeedthesamedisordersrecognizedbyWesternpsychiatristsarefoundeveninprimitivepeoples.Therefore,wecanbereasonablycertainthatlackofanevolutionarily“natural”environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.Nevertheless,thatlackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.

StanfordpsychologistPGZimbardohasconcludedthaturbanpressuresaretransformingAmericansintopotentialassassins.Hebasedhisconclusionsonexperimentalstudiesoftheconnectionbetweenanonymityandaggression,andonfieldstudiesofvandalism.Henotedanestimated230violenturbanoutbreaksintheperiod1964-1969,andreportedthatin1967vandalsinNewYorkCityalonewrecked360,000paytelephones,broke202,719schoolwindows,anddiddamagetoparksandtransitsystemscostingsome$850,000.Carswereabandonedonstreetsofalargecity(NewYork)andasmallone(PaloAlto,California),andsecretlywatchedtoseeiftherewasadifferenceinvandalismbetweenthetwolocalities.TheNewYorkcarwasvirtuallydemolishedwithinthreedaysby23separateattacksbylootersandvandals,nearlyallinviewofpassersbyandduringthedaytime.ThePaloAltocarwasnotmolestedformorethanaweek.Howmuch(ifany)ofsuchbehaviormightbereducedifdensitywereloweredisunknown,butatleasttheanecdotalevidenceseemstoindicatethathighdensityisafactorinsuchproblems.Crimeratesaresomefivetimesashighinurbanasinruralareas.Thoughsomeofthisdifferencemaybeduetodisparitiesinreporting,notallofitcanbeexplainedonthisbasis.RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.Thisgeneralcorrelationheldforstatisticstakeninthreedifferentyears,1940,1950,and1960,inthesamecities.Therisesinassaultandrobberywithhigherdensitywereparticularlystriking,althoughmurderandrapebothalsoreflectedthetrend.Robberyistheonlyoneofthefourthatdoesnotmostcommonlyoccurbetweenacquaintances.Interestingly,crimeratesinthesuburbshavebeenrisinginthepastfewyears,especiallyamongteenagersfromrelativelyaffluentareas,althoughtheircrimesaremoreoftenactsagainstpropertythancrimesofviolence.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostoftencrimesarecommittedin().

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”?

3.AccordingtoPGZimbardo’sresearch,().

4.Thewriterholdsthat().

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaformofbreakdowninurbanareas?

问题1选项

A.thesuburbs

B.commercialareasofbigcities

C.theslumsandghettoes

D.theparksandtransitsystems

问题2选项

A.Theyareuniqueinmoderncities.

B.Theyaregraverinmetropolises.

C.Theyareneverfoundinprimitivepeoples.

D.Theyresultentirelyfromthelackofa“natural”environment.

问题3选项

A.thereexistsahigherrateofvandalisminamoredensely-populatedcity

B.whenpopulationdensitiesdecrease,crimeratesgoup

C.thereisnocorrelationbetweenthepopulationdensityandcrimerate

D.suburbanteenagersaremoreapttocommitviolentcrimesthansmallthefts

问题4选项

A.deteriorationoftheenvironmentinamoderncitywillmakeitunfitforpeopletolivein

B.lackofa“natural”environmentresultsinantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”

C.deteriorationofenvironmentinametropolisplaysacertainroleincausinghighcrimerates

D.vandalismandotherviolentoutbreakswillneverdisappearinmostcrowdedmetropolises

问题5选项

A.Vandalism.

B.Suicide.

C.Rioting.

D.Rape.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第二句“Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,...urbanriotinganddisturbances.”特别是在条件改善希望渺茫的贫民窟和贫民区,生活的非人道影响经常被认为是城市暴乱和骚乱的原因之一。选项C符合原文。

2.细节判断题。根据关键词“antisocialbehaviorand‘mentalillness’”定位到第二段。根据“Itisimportant...eveninprimitivepeoples.”反社会行为和“精神疾病”在所有文化中都存在,而且西方精神病学家所承认的同样的疾病甚至在原始人中也存在。由此可知选项A和C错误;根据第二段倒数第二句“...lackofanevolutionarily'natural'environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.”缺乏进化上的“自然”环境并不是这种行为的唯一原因。由此可知选项D错误;根据第二段最后一句“lackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.”可知反社会行为和“精神疾病”在大都市可能会更严重,选项B正确。

3.细节判断题。根据关键词“PGZimbardo”定位到第三段。根据“RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.”暴力犯罪率已被证明与美国城市的实际人口密度呈正相关。选项A符合原文。

4.细节判断题。原文第一段最后一句为作者的观点。“moderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.”现代城市为人类提供了一个不太理想的环境。也就是说大都市环境的恶化是造成犯罪率升高的一个重要原因,选项C符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据原文可知,破坏他人财物、暴乱和强奸在文中均有提及,只有选项B(自杀)没有提及。

17.单选题

Anewservice___totheneedsofdisabledpeoplewhowanttogoonlivingintheirownhomes.

问题1选项

A.comes

B.dedicates

C.caters

D.contributes

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项comes“来;开始;出现;发生;变成;到达;做;假装;将满(……岁)”;B选项dedicates“致力;献身;题献”;C选项caters“投合,迎合;满足需要;提供饮食及服务”;D选项contributes“贡献,出力;投稿;捐献;有助于,促成,是……的原因之一;发表意见,提议”。句意:一项新的服务满足了希望继续住在自己家里的残疾人的需要。根据下文“残疾人的需要”可知本句表达“满足了……需要”,因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Thelecturewasboringandthestudentscouldhardly()theiryawns.

问题1选项

A.depress

B.suppress

C.oppress

D.press

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项depress“压抑,使沮丧”;B选项suppress“抑制,镇压,忍住(某种生理现象)”;C选项oppress“压迫”;D选项press“压,按”。句意:讲座很无聊,学生们几乎不能_____他们的哈欠。本句表达的是学生不能忍住打哈欠,打哈欠是一种生理现象,因此B选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Effortstoeducatepeopleabouttherisksofsubstanceabuseseemtodetersomepeoplefromusingdangeroussubstances,ifsucheffortsarerealisticaboutwhatisgenuinelydangerousandwhatisnot.ObserveddeclinesintheuseofsuchdrugsasLSD,PCP,andQuaaludessincetheearly1970sareprobablyrelatedtoincreasedawarenessoftherisksoftheiruse,andsomeofthisawarenesswastheresultofwarningsaboutthesedrugsin“underground”papersreadbydrugusers.Suchsourcesareinfluential,becausetheydonotgiveasimple“alldrugsareterribleforyou”message.Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.ThisisillustratedbythepopularityamongyoungmarijuanausersofReeferMadness,awidelyunrealisticpropagandafilmagainstmarijuanamadeinthe1930s.Thisfilmmadetheroundsofcollegecampusesinthe1970sandjoinedrock-musicvideosoncabletelevision’sMTVinthe1980s.Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.

Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.Millionshavestartedsmokingeventhoughtheconsiderablehealthrisksofsmokinghavebeenwellknownandpublicizedforyears.Moreover,theusefulnessofeducationliesinprimaryprevention:preventionofabuseamongthosewhopresentlyhavenoproblem.Hence,Bomier’s(1978,p.150)contentionthat“ifthePepsigenerationcanbepersuadedtodrinkpopwine,theycanbepersuadednottodrinkitwhiledriving”isprobablynotcorrect,sincemostdrunkendrivingisdonebypeoplewhoalreadyhavesignificantdrinkingproblems,andhenceseemnottobedissuadedevenbymuchstrongermeasuressuchaslossofadriver'slicense.

1.Accordingtothepassage,uptonow,anti-drugeducation()

2.Thefilm‘ReeferMadness’mentionedinthepassage()

3.Themessage‘alldrugsareterribleforyou’isnotinfluentialbecause()

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe()

问题1选项

A.hasmadeallpeopleseethedangerofdrugs

B.hassucceededindissuadingpeoplefromusingdrugs

C.hasbeeneffectiveonlytoacertaindegree

D.hasprovedtobeatotalfailure

问题2选项

A.effectivelydeterredmarijuanause

B.wasrejectedbyyoungmarijuanausers

C.didnotpicturethedangerofmarijuanarealistically

D.waswelcomedbymarijuanausersbecauseittoldthemhowtogethigh

问题3选项

A.itignoresthefactthatdrugsvarygreatlyindanger

B.itgivesafalseaccountoftherisksofdruguse

C.somedrugsaregoodforhealth

D.itdoesnotappearinundergroundpapers

问题4选项

A.Sometimesbalancedandreasonableanti-drugpersuasionisinfluentialtosomepeople.

B.Mostdrugusersareignorantofthedangerofdrugs.

C.Punishmentssuchaslossofadriver’slicensedonotseemtobeaneffectivewaytostopdrunkendriving.

D.Primarypreventionisausefulprincipletobefollowedinanti-drugeducation.

问题5选项

A.AreAllDrugsTerribleforYou?

B.DoPeopleBelieveWhatUndergroundPapersSay?

C.IsThereanIncreasedAwarenessoftheRisksofDrugs?

D.CanPersuasionReduceDrugAbuse?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.”虽然平衡和合理的说服对一些人来说是有效的,但另一些人似乎不受这些最合乎逻辑的教育工作的影响。也就是说反毒品教育只起到了一部分的作用,选项C符合原文。

2.语义题。根据第一段的最后一句“Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.”这部电影非但没有阻止人们吸食大麻,反而成为了用户中的一部邪典电影,很多人为了看这部电影而兴奋不已。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险,忽视或否认这一点的禁毒教育是很可笑的。选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据原文“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险。所以选项B错误。

5.主旨大意题。第一段讲了禁毒教育并没有起到很好的效果,第二段讲了劝说只是对部分人起到作用。所以本文主要是讲劝说能减少毒品滥用吗?选项D正确。

20.单选题

_____makesmendifferentfromtheotheranimalsisthattheycanthinkandspeak.

问题1选项

A.That

B.Thething

C.All

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】考查主语从句。题干中what从句是整个句子的主语,故后面的动词为is。B项all和C项thethings少了作主语的关系代词(that),在定语从句中,做主语的关系代词是不能省略的,只有作宾语的关系代词能省略,所以B,C两项错误。

21.单选题

Becomingawareofourmother’sage,notjustinnumbersofyearsbut________herpsychologicalandphysicalstate,oftenhelpsustounderstandherbetter.

问题1选项

A.inspiteof

B.onaccountof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项inspiteof“尽管;不管,不顾”;B选项onaccountof“由于;因为;为了……的缘故”;C选项intermsof“依据;按照;在……方面;以……措词”;D选项bymeansof“用,依靠”。句意:意

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