考研考博-英语-天津艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Allthecharacteristicsandabilitiesapersonacquiresandalldevelopmentalchangesresultfromtwobasic.Thoughcomplexprocesses:learningandmaturation.Sincethetwoprocessesalmostalwaysinteract,itisdifficulttoseparatetheireffectsfromeachotherortospecifytherelativecontributionofeachtoachild'sdevelopment.Clearly,growthinheightisnotlearnedbutdependsonmaturation,abiologicalprocess.Butimprovementsinmotoractivitiessuchaswalkingdependonmaturationandlearning,andtheinteractionbetweenthem.

What,then,arematurationandlearning?Alldefinitionsofmaturationstressorganicprocessesorstructuralchangesoccurringwithinanindividual'sbodythatarerelativelyindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditions,experiences,orpractice.Bymaturationitismeantdevelopmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftime,orage.

Learninggenerallyreferstochangesinbehaviororperformanceasaconsequenceofexperience.Learningistheprocessbywhichanactivityoriginatesorischangedthroughtrainingproceduresasdistinguishedfromchangesnotattributabletotraining.

Anumberofimportantandstimulatingtheoriesoflearninghavebeenproposed,eachwithitsownsetofprinciplesandhypothesesforexplainingthelearningprocess.Forourpurposes,wedonotneedtobeconcernedwiththespecificdetailsofthelearningprocess,eventhoughlearningplaysthemostimportantroleinmostaspectsofdevelopmentandchange.Weshallemployonlyafewgenerallyacceptedprinciplesoflearninginthisdiscussion.

Specifically,weaccepttheprinciplethatachildwilllearnaresponsemoreeffectivelyandmorethoroughlyifheismotivatedtolearnit.Moreover,hewilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewardedforlearningit.Accordingtothisview,themorearesponseisrewarded,thestrongeritbecomesandthemorelikelyitistoberepeated.Althoughmostlearninginvolvesmotivationandreward.Ibelievesomelearningdoesoccurwithoutthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,learning（）.

2.Achild'sdevelopmentdependson（）.

3.Intheauthor'sopinion（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,maturationmeans（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofparagraph4suggeststhat（）.

6.Thephrase“thisview”referstotheviewthat（）.

7.Thebesttitleforthepassagesis（）.

问题1选项

A.isacomplexprocess

B.isindependentofmaturation.

C.isindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditions

D.referstochangesinbehaviororperformance.

问题2选项

A.learningprocess

B.maturationprocess

C.theinteractionsbetweenthetwoprocess

D.neitherofthetwoprocesses

问题3选项

A.learningplaysaveryimportantroleinmostaspectsofachild'sdevelopmentandchange

B.therearehardlyanyprinciplesoflearningwhicharegenerallyaccepted

C.achildneverlearnsanythingunlesshehassomeneedordesireforit

D.achildshouldnotberewardeduntilhehaslearnedaresponse

问题4选项

A.beingsophisticatedmentallyandsocially

B.developmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftimeorage

C.beingfullygrowninheightandmentality

D.freedomofadultcaringindailylife

问题5选项

A.someproposedprinciplesoflearningmayhavenotbeenacceptedgenerally

B.principlesoflearningarebeingproposedeveryday

C.onlyafewprinciplesoflearningaregenerallyaccepted

D.mostoftheprinciplesoflearningarenotgenerallyaccepted

问题6选项

A.achildlearnsandmaturesfast.

B.achildwilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewarded

C.achildlearnsslowlyifheisinabadmood.

D.achildlearnsaresponse

问题7选项

A.AChild'sDevelopment

B.LearningandResponse

C.MotivationinRelationtoLearning

D.MaturationandLearning

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据第三段第一句“Learninggenerallyreferstochangesinbehaviororperformanceasaconsequenceofexperience.”可知,选项D与原文描述一致。

2.根据第一段的二三句可知,学习和成熟这两个过程几乎总是相互作用的,因此很难将它们的影响彼此分开,也很难指定它们对儿童发展的相对贡献。所以选项C正确。

3.根据第四段的第二句“learningplaysthemostimportantroleinmostaspectsofdevelopmentandchange.”可知,选项A与原文描述一致,所以正确。

4.根据第二段最后一句“maturationitismeantdevelopmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftime,orage.”可知,选项B符合原文。

5.根据第四段最后一句话：在这次讨论中,我们将只采用几个普遍接受的学习原则。由此可推断,还有部分原则没有被公众所接受,选项A符合原文。

6.根据原文可知,“thisview”指的是上文提出的观点“hewilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewardedforlearningit.”如果他能得到学习的奖励,他就能更好地学习反应。选项B符合原文。

7.本文主要是围绕“学习和成熟”这两个关键词展开讨论的,所以选项D最能概括全文。

2.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBachinstrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

问题2选项

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

问题3选项

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

问题4选项

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题询问在从事艺术创作和自然科学之间的差别。根据原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.极富创意的艺术和极具创意的科学之间的差异来自于自己的目标的差异。对于科学，新理论是创造性行为的目的和归宿。”可知两者之间的差异是在它们的目的不同，A选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据最后一段内容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有关贝多芬，人们称他推翻了种种规则，将音乐从传统的令人窒息的范围中解放出来。然而，对他音乐作品一番细致的研究会揭示出贝多芬根本没有推翻任何规则。实质上，他是一个无以伦比的谋略家。善于以令人瞩目的独特方式利用各种局限从诸如海顿和莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫这些前辈那里继承而来的各种规则、形式和传统。可知D选项‘他综合了新旧音乐形式之间的转换’正确。

3.细节事实题。根据原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.高度创造的艺术活动所创造的，不是一种全新的、超越既已确立之局限的普遍性原则，而是一种美学上的独特之物。由高度创造性的艺术家所创造的美学上的独特事物，以一种富予创新的方式，拓宽或利用既存形式的局限，而不是超越那种形式本身。”可知，这种科学方面的原始贡献是具有创新性的东西，所以D选项“生成一种新颖的、有根据的概括”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.”“然而，对他音乐作品一番细致的研究会揭示出贝多芬根本没有推翻任何规则。实质上，他是一个无以伦比的谋略家。善于以令人瞩目的独特方式利用各种局限——即他从诸如海顿和莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫这些前辈那里继承而来的各种规则、形式和传统。以及本段中的论点：从另一方面来说，莫扎特的《费加罗的婚礼》无疑属于音乐的典范之作，虽然其朴素的创新仅限于将既存的创作手法予以拓展而已。”可知最后一句提到了从这些前辈继承而来的各种规则和传统，因此A选项“通过同样的方法，这些模板作曲家成功地建立了音乐的规则”符合题意。

3.单选题

Hereyoumayselecttheonewhichismosttoyourtaste,andyouareevenallowedto（）thembeforecomingtoadecision.

问题1选项

A.auction

B.sample

C.enforce

D.wrap

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。auction“拍卖，竞卖”；sample“品尝，体验”；enforce“实施，执行，强迫”；wrap“包，缠绕”。句意：在这里你可以选择最合你口味的，在做决定之前，你甚至可以品尝他们。由“mosttoyourtaste”可知这里提及的是一种食物，然后可推知在决定购买之前可以品尝。故B项正确。

4.单选题

Ifnoonetakesthe（

）andplansforthetrip,wewillneverleavehome.

问题1选项

A.initial

B.initiative

C.original

D.beginning

【答案】B

【解析】taketheinitiative为固定搭配,意为“带头,采取主动”。句意:如果没有人带头和计划这次旅行,我们是不会离开家的。选项B正确。

5.单选题

TomandAlice（）havinganewcartoreplacetheiroldoneforyears.

问题1选项

A.hasbeendreamingof

B.havebeendreamingof

C.hasdreamed

D.willhavedreamed

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意可知谓语应该用复数，首先排除选项A和C，再根据“foryears”可知，应用现在完成时，所以选项B正确。

6.单选题

Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.Accordingto

B.Carryingon

C.Lookingthrough

D.Puttingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项Accordingto“根据……”；B选项Carryingon“继承，开始实施”；C选项Lookingthrough“浏览，温习”；D选项Puttingout“扑灭，搏出”。句意：根据新规定，你每个月可以享受三天的带薪病假。A选项与划线词的词义最接近，因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Itwasafoolishquestiontoask.It（1）moresenseformetohavelearnedifshehad

（2）

orapointofview,butitwas

（3）

forthatnowandIsupposedthatthe

（4）

RelationOfficehad

（5）

herbeforegrantingtheinterview.Ididn’thavetimetoread

（6）

piecesaboutcorporaterainmakersandtheirgoldenparachutesorwomenatamidtownlawfirm

（7）

sixtimesmysalarybutwhiningaboutbreakingthe

（8）

,ceiling.

“Won’twasteyourtime,”she（9）.“ifthedetailsonyour

（10）

areaccurateandthearticlesLaura

（11）

mehavecorrectbackground,wewon’thaveto

（12）that.”I

（13）

.inapproval.Shewasobviouslya

（14）

,andanintelligentone

（15）

.Itwasalways

（16）

tositfora

（17）

whenthequestionerspentthefirsthouraskingwhatschoolsIhad

（18）

,howlong

（19）

,andwhetherIlikedmyjob.“Isitallright（20）youifwestartwithsomeinformationabouttheSexCrimesProsecutionUnit?”

“I’dlikethat,"Ireplied.

问题1选项

A.made

B.wouldmake

C.wouldhavemade

D.wouldbe

问题2选项

A.afishtofry

B.anuttocrack

C.asongtosing

D.anaxetogrind

问题3选项

A.stilllate

B.toolate

C.solate

D.past

问题4选项

A.Common

B.Financial

C.Local

D.Public

问题5选项

A.vetted

B.called

C.connectedwith

D.contactedwith

问题6选项

A.rushed

B.windy

C.puff

D.blowing

问题7选项

A.taking

B.making

C.slavingfor

D.osing

问题8选项

A.plastered

B.glass

C.fragile

D.limited

问题9选项

A.rambled

B.carriedon

C.lectured

D.wenton

问题10选项

A.application

B.curriculumvitae

C.report

D.folder

问题11选项

A.phoned

B.faxed

C.hadphoned

D.hadfaxed

问题12选项

A.repaint

B.remix

C.rewrite

D.rehash

问题13选项

A.trembled

B.grimaced

C.smiled

D.winked

问题14选项

A.girl

B.pro

C.tyro

D.mogul

问题15选项

A.atthat

B.atthis

C.toreboot

D.added

问题16选项

A.agreeable

B.instructive

C.impatient

D.aggravating

问题17选项

A.photo

B.portrait

C.profile

D.sketch

问题18选项

A.attended

B.matriculated

C.enrolled

D.preferred

问题19选项

A.Ihadworked

B.didIwork

C.wasIworking

D.wouldIworked

问题20选项

A.for

B.to

C.accordingto

D.with

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:C

第14题:B

第15题:A

第16题:D

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:A

第20题:D

【解析】（1）考查虚拟语气。本题考查的是带if的虚拟语气，从前一句itwasfoolishquestiontoask可以推断出考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此主句的动词应该用would+havedone形式，所以选项C符合题意。

（2）考查逻辑关系。空格后面的内容是“或一种观点”（orapointofview），由此可推测空格处应该是对应的“有不同意见”，因此选项D符合题意。

（3）考查固定搭配。Itistoolateforsth.“对某事而言太迟”，因此，选项B符合题意。

（4）考查固定搭配。空格处后面提到了“允许这次采访”（grantingtheinterview）PublicRelationOffice“公共关系办事处”为固定搭配，选项D符合题意。

（5）考查动词词义辨析。Vet“审查；诊疗”；call“呼叫，称呼，召集”；connectwith“连接，与……联系”；contactwith“与……联系”。空格处所在句子的大意是：我猜测公共关系办事处在允许面试前对她进行了审查。因此选项A符合题意。

（6）考查固定搭配。puffpieces“吹捧文章”符合情境。选项C符合题意。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。take“采取”；make“使得；准备；制造”；slavefor“为……苦干”；lose“浪费；失去”。空格后sixtimessalary可知此处说的是赚六倍工资，因此选项B符合题意。

（8）考查固定搭配。glassceiling指在公司或企业中，限制某些人口群体晋升职位的障碍。选项B符合题意。

（9）考查动词词义辨析。Ramble“漫步；闲逛”；carryon“参与;继续”；lecture“讲课”；goon“继续”。根据上下文情境，可知空格处是“继续说道”，选项D符合题意。

（10）考查逻辑关系。application“申请”；curriculumvitae“简历”；report“报告”；folder“文件夹”。根据第一段提到的“grantingtheinterview”（允许这次面试）可知空格处应填入“简历”这个单词，因此选项B符合题意。

（11）考查逻辑关系。空格处动词的宾语是article,因此可以排除选项A与C。fax是费延续性动词，因此不能用完成时，所以选项B符合题意。

（12）考查动词词义辨析。repaint“重画，重新绘制”；remix“使混合”；rewrite“重写，改写”；rehash“重新处理”。空格处所在句子的大意是：如果你简历上的细节和罗拉传真给我的文章都是真的，我们将不会重新处理。选项D符合题意。

（13）考查动词词义辨析。tremble“发抖”；grimace“扮鬼脸”；smile“微笑”；wink“眨眼”。在面试这种正式的场合中，面试者一边会微笑认同面试官的说法，因此选项C符合题意。

（14）考查名词词义辨析。girl“女孩”；pro“职业选手”；tyro“新手”；mogul“有权势的人”。空格后的“anintelligentone”说明这个面试者是个聪明的人，那能力自然也不言而喻，选项B符合题意。

（15）考查固定搭配。根据上题可知该面试者非常有能力，并且聪慧，二者存在递进关系，选项Aatthat“而且”符合题意。

（16）考查形容词词义辨析。agreeable“令人愉快的”；instructive“有益的”；impatient“没有耐心的”；aggravating“加重的；令人恼怒的”。从后文可以看出对于面试官花了一个小时的时间来问一些繁琐的事情让人恼怒，因此选项D符合题意。

（17）考查名词词义辨析。photo“照片”;portrait“肖像;描写”;profile“外形；人物简介”；sketch“索描；梗概”。从空格处后面的内容可以得知面试官是在询问面试者的履历，因此选项C符合题意。

（18）考查固定搭配。面试时，面试官会问面试者上学的学校，attendschool为固定搭配，选项A符合题意。

（19）考查逻辑关系。空格前使用的是过去完成时，此处与前面是并列结构，因此也应该使用过去完成时态，因此选项A符合题意。

（20）考查固定搭配。Beallrightwithsb.“对某人而言是可以的”，选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Nuclearwastesareconsideredto（）athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.

问题1选项

A.compose

B.impose

C.expose

D.pose

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compose“构成，写作”，B项impose“强加，征税”，C项expose“暴露”，D项pose“提出，造成”；根据空格后面的threat（威胁），结合句子的语境，只有D项符合。句意：核废料被认为对人类健康和海洋生物构成威胁。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.单选题

ThenIsawinmydream,thatwhentheyweregotoutofthewilderness,theypresentlysawatownbeforethem,andthenameofthetownisVanity;andatthetownthereisafairkept,calledVanityFair;itiskeptalltheyearlong.ItbearsthenameofVanityFair,becausethetownwhereitiskeptislighterthanvanity,andalsobecauseallthatistheresold,orthatcomesthither,isvanity.Asisthesayingofthewise,“Allthatcomesisvanity.”

Thisfairisnonewlybegunbusiness,butathingofancientstanding.Iwillshowyoutheoriginalofit.

Almostfivethousandyearsago,therewerepilgrimswalkingtotheCelestialCity,asthesetwohonestpersonsare;andBeelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions,perceivingbythepaththatthepilgrimsmade,thattheirwaytothecitylaythroughthistownofVanity,theycontrivedheretosetupafair;afairwhereinshouldbesoldallsortsofvanity,andthatitshouldlastalltheyearlong.Thereforeatthisfairareallsuchthingssold,ashouses,lands,trades,places,honors,preferments,titles,countries,kingdoms,lusts,pleasures,anddelightsofallsorts,aswives,husbands,children,masters,servants,lives,blood,bodies,souls,silver,gold,pearls,preciousstones,andwhatnot.

And,moreover,atthisfairthereisatalltimestobeseencheats,games,plays,fools,apes,knaves,androgues,andthatofeverykind.Herearetobeseen,too,andthatfornothing,thefts,murders,adulteries,falseswearers,andthatofablood-redcolor.

And,asinotherfairsoflessmoment,therearetheseveralrowsandstreets,undertheirpropernames,wheresuchandsuchwaresarevended;soherelikewiseyouhavetheproperplaces,rows,streets(namely,countriesandkingdoms),wherethewaresofthisfairaresoonesttobefound.HerearetheBritainRow,theFrenchRow,theItalianRow,theSpanishRow,theGermanRow,whereseveralsortsofvanitiesaretobesold.But,asinotherfairs,someonecommodityisasthechiefofallthefair,sothewareofRomeandhergoodsaregreatlypromotedinthisfair;onlyourEnglishnation,withsomeothers,havetakenadislikethereat.

Now,asIsaid,thewaytotheCelestialCityliesjustthroughthistownwherethislustyfairiskept;andhethatwouldgotothecity,andyetnotgothroughthistown,mustneedsgooutoftheworld.ThePrinceofprinceshimself,whenhere,wentthroughthistowntohisowncountry,andthatuponafairdaytoo;yea,andasIthink,itwasBeelzebub,thechieflordofthisfair,thatinvitedhimtobuyofhisvanities;yea,wouldhavemadehimlordofthefair,wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown.

1.Theword“fair”inVanityFairisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.Theword“they”inLine3,Paragraph3refersto（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaboutVanityFair?

4.WhereisVanityFairsituated?

5.Thepronoun“him”,in“wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown”refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.justice

B.average

C.atravellingshow

D.market

问题2选项

A.Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion

B.thesetwohonestpersons

C.thecompanionsofthethesetwohonestpersons

D.pilgrims

问题3选项

A.Cheating,stealingandkillingprevails.

B.Youcanbuythingsaswellashumans.

C.Itisanancientinvention.

D.TheexpensivegoodsaremadeinRome.

问题4选项

A.InatownonthewaytotheCelestialCity.

B.InBritain

C.Nowhere

D.InEurope

问题5选项

A.thePrinceofprinces

B.theLordofthefair

C.theCelestialCity

D.He

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“ItbearsthenameofVanityFair…andalsobecauseallthatistheresold,orthatcomesthither,isvanity.”，可知VanityFair这个地方是买卖东西的，所以是一个市集的名字，fair的意思最有可能是“市场”。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions…theycontrivedheretosetupafair”，可知Apollyon、Beelzebub和他们的同伴打算在这儿建立一个市镇。所以文中的they就是指这些人。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“But,asinotherfairs,someonecommodityisasthechiefofallthefair,sothewareofRomeandhergoodsaregreatlypromotedinthisfair”，可知和其他集市一样，也有一些商品会成为市集的主角，比如罗马的器皿以及其他商品就非常畅销。只是说明罗马的有些商品在集市非常受欢迎，无法说明昂贵的物品都产自罗马。选项D符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions,perceivingbythepaththatthepilgrimsmadethattheirwaytothecitylaythroughthistownofVanity,theycontrivedheretosetupafair”，可知Apollyon、Beelzebub和他们的同伴从朝圣者通往天国的路上，他们能够看到浮华镇是必经之地，所以打算在这里建立一个集市。所以集市的位置应该位于朝圣者通往天国的路上。选项A符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章最后一段第二句，“…wouldhavemadehimlordofthefair,wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown.”，可知Beelzebub邀请耶稣在镇上购买虚荣商品，并且承诺只要在他经过集市的时候，向他表示敬意，就会让他成为集市的主人。所以可推断，文段中的him就是指集市的主人。选项B符合题意。

10.填空题

Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.Whenyourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget（1）forthesameamountofmoneyasbefore，inflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise（2）thepricesandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen“adollarisnotworthadollaranymore”.

Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthebest.Retiredpeople，forinstancecannotcount（3）anincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto（4）theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincomeoranyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingtokeepupwithrisingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop（5）somenecessaryitems，suchasfoodandclothing.Evenforworkingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingup，inflationcanbeaproblem.Thecostoflivinggoes（6），too.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeeppacewith（7）prices，thestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesame（8）ofmoney，buttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.

Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexesfrom（9）therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepriceforagivenyearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100，andtheotherpricesarereportedasapercentageofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes（10）possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoods，forexample，withpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyear.

【答案】1.less

2.in

3.on

4.meet

5.buying

6.down

7.rising

8.amount

9.which

10.it

【解析】1.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在句子的前一句解释了什么是通货膨胀：消费需求增加，物价上涨，从而货币贬值。用同样的钱买到的东西比以前要少，所以空格处填less。

2.考查固定搭配。在某些方面增加用介词in。

3.考查固定搭配。counton“指望，依靠”，退休人员指望不上收入能够随着物价上涨而增加。

4.考查固定搭配。meetone’sneeds“满足某人的需要”，老年人在通货膨胀的时代无法让自己的收入来满足自己的需求。

5.考查动词用法。空格处所在句子的前一句句意是：许多退休人员为了跟上上涨的物价，必须要缩减自己的开支。由此可知他们放弃了很多需要购买的东西，buying符合题意。

6.考查固定搭配。godown“下降”。由于通货膨胀，导致了生活开支水平下降。

7.考查前后逻辑。全文一直提到物价上涨，空格处需要填写的也是一个表示物价增长的词，rising符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。thesameamountof“同等数量的”。

9.考查定语从句。定语从句用来修饰priceindexes（价格指数），which符合题意。

10.考查固定用法。makeitpossible“使它成为可能”。

11.单选题

Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion（）.

问题1选项

A.beputoff

B.wasputoff

C.shouldputoff

D.istoputoff

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我们都赞成你关于推迟讨论的提议。

语法题。考查should的用法。名词proposal(提议，建议)引导的同位语从句应该用should(可省略)+动词原形。而且，discussion与putoff之间是被动关系，因此A项符合正确表达。

12.单选题

（

）forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.

问题1选项

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Hadn’titbeen

C.Wasitnot

D.Wereitnot

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由后面句子可知是对过去的虚拟，因此主句用过去完成时。

当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were、should、had时，我们可以将连词if省略掉，而将were、should、had置于句首。haditnotbeenforthefact=ifithadnotbeenforthefact。

句意：要不是她摔断了腿，她或许会通过考试。

13.单选题

Fashionissomethingwedealwitheveryday.Evenpeoplewhosaytheydon'tcarewhattheywearchooseclotheseverymorningthensayalotaboutthemandhowtheyfeelthatday.

Onecertainthinginthefashionworldischange.Weareconstantlybeingshoweredwithnewfashionideasfrommusic,videos,books,andtelevision.Moviesalsohaveabigimpactonwhatpeoplewear.Ray-BansoldmoresunglassesafterthemovieMeninBlack.Sometimesafashionisworldwide.Backinthe1950s,teenagerseverywheredressedlikeElvisPresley.

Fashionandstylesrevealwhatgroupspeoplearein,buttheyalsocreatestereotypesanddistancebetweengroups.Forinstance,abusinessmanmightlookataboywithgreenhairandpiercingsasanoutsider.Buttoanotherperson,hedressesacertainwaytodeliverthemessageofrebellionandseparation,butwithinthatgroupthelookisuniform.Theacceptanceorrejectionofastyleisareactiontothesocietywelivein.

Fashionisalanguagewhichtellsastoryaboutthepersonwhowearsit.“Clothescreatewordlessmeansofcommunicationthatweallunderstand,”accordingtoKatherineHamnett,atopBritishfashiondesigner.HamnettbecamepopularwhenherT-shirtswithlargemessageslike“ChooseLife”werewornbyseveralrockbands.

Fashionisanendlesspopularitycontest.Highfashionisthestyleofasmallgroupofmenandwomenwithacertaintasteandauthorityinthefashionworld.Peopleofwealthandposition,buyersformajordepartmentstores,editorsandwritersforfashionmagazinesareallpartofhighfashion.Someoftheseexpensiveandoftenartisticfashionsmaytriumphandbecomethefashionforthelargermajority.Moststayontherunway.

Popularfashionsareclosetoimpossibletotrace.NoonecantellhowtheshortskirtsandbootswornbyteenagersinEnglandin1960madeittotherunwaysofParisorhowbluejeansbecamesopopularintheU.S.,orhowhip-hopmadeitfromthestreetofBronxtothefashionshowsofLondonandMilan.

“Intheperspectiveofcostumehistory,itisplainthatthedressofanygivenperiodisexactlysuitedtotheactualclimateofthetime.”accordingtoJamesLaver,anotedEnglishcostumehistorian.Howdidbell-bottomjeansfadeintothedesignerjeansandbootslooko