考研考博-英语-天津轻工职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津轻工职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree-marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantprice-cutting,becauseprice-cuttingwouldbeprejudicialtothecommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.

Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomicsemployintentionalprice-fixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.

Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970s,theSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselessinfluencethanarecapitalfirms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthor'sattitudetoward"MosteconomistsintheUnitedStates”(Para,1)canbestbedescribedas

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sargumentthatapricefixedbytheseller“seemspernicious”(Para,1)because

（

）.

4.Thesuggestioninthepassagethatprice-fixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis（

）.

问题1选项

A.refutethetheorythatthefreemarketplaysausefulroleinthedevelopmentofindustrializedsocieties

B.suggestmethodsbywhicheconomistsandmembersofthegovernmentoftheUniteStatescanrecognizeandcombatprice-fixingbylargefirms

C.showthatinindustrializedsocietiesprice-fixingandtheoperationofthefreemarketarenotonlycompatiblebutalsomutuallybeneficial

D.arguethatprice-fixing,inoneformoranother,isaninevitablepartofandbenefittotheeconomyofanyindustrializedsociety

问题2选项

A.spitefulandenvious

B.scornfulanddenunciatory

C.criticalandcondescending

D.ambivalentbutdeferential

问题3选项

A.peopledonothaveconfidenceinlargefirms

B.peopledonotexpectthegovernmenttoregulateprices

C.mosteconomistsbelievethatconsumersasagroupshoulddetermineprices

D.mosteconomistsassociatefixedpriceswithcommunistandsocialisteconomies

问题4选项

A.aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystem

C.theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisions

D.aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段指出美国的大多数经济学家都被自由市场的魅力所迷惑，事实上，在所有工业化社会中，价格固定都是正常的，因为工业体系本身提供了它所需要的价格固定，这是它自身发展的毫不费力的结果。随后文章对定价进行了详细的分析，因此D选项“认为以某种形式的价格固定是任何工业化社会经济的必然组成部分，并对其有益”符合题意。

2.观点态度题。由文章第二段中的Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.（此外，那些认为让自由市场在不受干扰的情况下运行是确定价格的最有效方法的经济学家，没有考虑到美国以外的非社会主义国家的经济）可知作者对美国大多数经济学家的观点是不赞成的，但其后并没有明确指出是自由市场好还是定价市场好，因此作者的态度是批评与谦虚的，选C。

3.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.（因此，没有不符合自由市场要求的东西是好的或正常的。一个由卖方决定的价格，或者就此而言，由除消费者总数以外的任何人确定的价格，似乎是有害的）可知C选项“大多数经济学家认为消费者群体应该决定价格”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.（事实上，在所有工业化社会中，价格固定都是正常的，因为工业体系本身提供了它所需要的价格固定，这是它自身发展的毫不费力的结果）B选项“工业体系的必然结果”符合题意。

2.单选题

Helencouldnothelpfeelingantipathytowardherfather’snewwifewhomhemarriedjusttwomonthsafterthedeathofHelen’smother.

问题1选项

A.sympathy

B.concession

C.compassion

D.hostility

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项sympathy“同情（强调共同分担，进而对某种经历或遭遇引起共鸣）；慰问；赞同”；B选项concession“让步；特许（权）；承认；退位”；C选项compassion“同情（强调由于理解而同情，并主动给予帮助，常常指通过自身痛苦或不幸而同情别人）；怜悯”；D选项hostility“敌意；战争行动”。句意：海伦对她父亲的新妻子不禁感到反感，她父亲在海伦的母亲去世仅仅两个月后就娶了她。本句关键词antipathy表示“反感；厌恶；憎恶；不相容”，四个选项中D选项最合适，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Inhisbag.

B.Bythelamp.

C.Inhishouse.

D.Noideaaboutwhereheleftit.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatareyoulookingfor?

M:Mylaptop.Ican’tfinditinmybagoranywhere.

W:Ican’trememberyoucarryingithere.Thinkaboutitonemoretime.

M:That’sright.Ileftitathome.

Q:Whereistheman’slaptop?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Ileftitathome，即他把电脑落家里了。

4.翻译题

Direction:TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Onceanemployeewantstoworkabroadhemusthaveaclearmindthathissuccessandexpertisehomedonotmeanhecancontinuehisexcellenceathisoverseasbranchbecauseoftheculturalenvironmentaswellashisadaptability.ThinkingdifferenceinsteadofprofessionalexperienceplaysanimportantroleforU.S.businesspeoplesuccessatforeignmarket.Values,attitude,andbuyingpreferenceandtheirrelatedinformationhavetobeadaptedandalteredfromtopmanagementtoaverageworkersinthecourseoftappingforeignmarkets.Forinternationalbusiness,thefirmsinU.S.havetoredeterminetheirmarketingstrategyandtacticswhichgenerallycontrarytowhattheyhavedoneattheirhomemarketsbasedontheirknowledgeofthetargetingcountries’culturecontext.Americanbusinesspersonshavetounderstandthatculturalvariableinfluenceinternationalbusinessenterprisessotheyarerequiredtoplacehighlyprioritytocommunicatewiththeforeignpeopleformutualunderstandingbesidestheirbusinessactivities.

【答案】如果一名员工想出国工作，他必须要弄清楚的是，由于文化环境的差异和他自身适应能力的影响，他在国内的成功和专业并不能保证他能在国外的分公司也一样的表现优秀。在国外市场上，美国商务人员的成功取决于思维差异而不是专业经验。在开发国外市场的进程中，价值观、态度和购买偏好以及与这些相关的信息从高层主管到普通职工之间不尽相同，需要我们去适应。在国际商务中，美国的企业需要根据他们对目标国文化的了解来重新调整他们的市场策略与战术，这些战略经常会与他们在国内市场采用的相反。美国的商人必须了解文化差异对国际企业的影响，所以他们需要高度重视与外国朋友在商业活动外的交流，以促进相互理解。

5.单选题

Rhetoricis（）.

问题1选项

A.theabilitytoliewithoutrevealingitwithbodylanguage.

B.atechniqueusedtospeakfaster.

C.theskillofusinglanguagepersuasively

D.theabilitytointerpretcomplexlogicalproblems

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词。Rhetoric指“修辞，修辞学；华丽辞藻”。A选项表示“是一种不会因为肢体语言暴露（目的）的说谎能力”；B选项表示“是一种加快说话方式的技巧”；C选项为“令人信服地运用语言的技巧”；D选项为“解释复杂逻辑关系的能力”。修辞是指运用语言技巧，努力提高语言表达和接受效果的活动。因此，C项最符合题意。

6.单选题

"Thislightistoo（）formetoreadby.Don'twehaveabrightbulbsomewhere?"saidtheelderlyman.

问题1选项

A.dim

B.slight

C.mild

D.minute

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。dim暗淡的，模糊的；slight轻微的，纤细的，脆弱的；mild温和的，轻微的；minute微小的。句意：“这盏灯太暗了，我没法看书。”我们不是在什么地方有一个明亮的灯泡吗?”老人说。灯光昏暗用dim来形容，选项A正确。

7.单选题

Hewrotethebookin（

）withhiswife.

问题1选项

A.proportion

B.installment

C.correspondence

D.collaboration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。proportion意为“比例，份额”；installment意为“装置，分期付款”；correspondence意为“一致，符合”；collaboration意为“合作，协作”。

句意：他和他的妻子合作写了这本书。

8.单选题

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”；therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”一wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy，”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.

Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderofthefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.

Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs—thePlutonomyandtherest”.

Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”，orindeed“theRussianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”，themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.

Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhonebroadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit—helpedmasktheriseofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.

Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amulti-billion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy（）

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?

3.Whatcanbesaidofmoderntechnologicalinnovations?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath（）

5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）

问题1选项

A.faresquitewell

B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession

C.hasitsownproblems

D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies

问题2选项

A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.

B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.

C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.

D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass.

B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich.

C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.

D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.

问题4选项

A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich

B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite

C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess

D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich

问题5选项

A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.

B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass

C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates

D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：根据本文，美国经济_____。第一段第二句提到了美国经济“verydistorted非常扭曲”，排除A选项；第三句中的“Inthewakeoftherecession”说明美国经济仍受经济衰退影响，排除B选项；D选项说到美国经济落后于其他经济体，常识可判断错误。因此C选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：关于当今的超级精英，文章支持以下哪一种说法？“elite”出现在文章第五段第一句和第六段第二句。由第五段中“Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy…evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy”说明是现代经济的发明使小部分企业家变得很富有，而非世袭，排除A选项；第六段中“hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy”表明担心日益扩大的收入差距会给社会和政治带来影响。因此D选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：现代技术创新能说些什么呢?第五段第二句中提到“Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy…evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy”,说明现代经济的神奇发明能使一小部分企业家致富，使公众受益。因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：作者似乎在暗示金融危机及其后果______。最后一段提到在金融危机之后，许多人不仅生活在富人经济学中，还生活在富人政治中，因此让美国民众开始警惕起来。因此C选项符合题意。

5.主旨题。题干：这篇文章的主要目的是_____。本文讲述的是美国经济中的贫富差距问题，也就是financialimbalance“金融失衡”。因此A选项符合题意。

9.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Inthemodernera,therewillbemuchtocelebratebecauseourcivilizationhasachievedbreath-takingadvancesinvirtuallyeveryfieldofhumanendeavour.Andyet,thesequantumleapsinhumanprogresscoexistwithadarkersidetoourcivilizationsuchasarmedconflict,whichmightdestroyentirecommunitiesinthequestforethnicity,religionorrace.Inthecontextofarmedconflict,childrenaretherealvictims.Manywerekilled,permanentlydisabled,displacedororphaned.Worsethanthat,someofthemarecurrentlyunderarmsaskillingmachines.Hence,theSecurityCouncilshouldsetoutitsgoal:advocatingforchildrenwhoarevictimizedormadeespeciallyvulnerable,aswellasmobilizingforconcreteactiontoensuretheirrights,protectionandwelfare.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

贸易增长在很大程度上取决于能源的供应。中东可以开采的原油还有一万亿桶。但是1974年的石油危机使人们对煤再度产生了兴趣并且去寻找可供选择的其它能源。在今后的年代里，太阳能、风能和核能将起到重大的作用。

【答案】A英译中【参考译文】

在如今这个时代，会有许多事情值得庆祝，因为几乎在人类努力的每一个领域我们的文明都取得了惊人的进展。然而，人类进步的这些巨大飞跃与我们文明的黑暗面并存，比如武装冲突，它可能会在寻求种族、宗教或种族的过程中摧毁整个社区。在（发生）武装冲突的情况下，孩子们是真正的受害者。许多人被杀害、永久致残、流离失所或者成为孤儿。比这更糟糕的是，现在这些孩子中的一些人被当作杀人机器武装了起来。因此，安全理事会应确定自己的目标：提倡保护受害或者特别容易受害的儿童，并动员采取具体行动，确保孩子们的权利、保护他们并且提供福利。

B中译英【参考译文】

Thegrowthoftradedependsonenergysuppliestoagreatextent.ThereisstillatrillionbarrelsofrecoverableoilintheMiddleEast.Butthe1974oilcrisismadepeoplereviveinterestincoalandsearchforalternativesourcesofenergy.Intheyearstocome,solar,windandnuclearpowerwillplayabigrole.

10.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（

）ones.

问题1选项

A.tragic

B.vulnerable

C.turbulent

D.suspicious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：谣言无处不在，传播恐惧，破坏声誉，把平静的状况变得混乱不堪。tragic“悲剧的”；vulnerable“脆弱的”；turbulent“骚乱的”；suspicious“可疑的”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Medicalstudentlearntodistinguish“acute”,whichmeanssomethingofrecentonset,form“chronic”whichmeansaconditionthatwillprobablycontinuefora（）periodoftime.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.temporary

C.tough

D.substantial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的，沮丧的，阴郁的”；B选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”；C选项tough“艰苦的，困难的”；D选项substantial“大量的，实质的”。句意：医科学生要学会区分“急性”（指近期发病）和“慢性”（指可能持续_____一段时间的病情）。跟前一句对比，可以推断这里表达的应该是“大量的时间（很长的一段时间）”，因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Hewas______admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.

问题1选项

A.denied

B.rejected

C.repelled

D.deprived

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deny“否认，否定，拒绝”，B项reject“拒绝，排斥，抵制”，C项repel“击退，抵制”，D项deprive“使丧失，剥夺”。根据空格后的关键词admittancetothetheatre“准许进入影院”和notbeingproperlydressed“衣着不当”猜测，空格部分表示“拒绝”，bedeniedsth.表示“被拒绝……”。句意：他因衣着不当而被拒之门外。因此，该题选择A项正确。

13.单选题

Agoodwayto（

）alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

问题1选项

A.require

B.acquire

C.inquire

D.sustain

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。require“需要”；acquire“获得，取得；学到”；inquire“询问，查究”；sustain“维持，支撑”。句意：学习一种语言的好方式是跟那里的本地人一样居住在那个国家。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Isuggestedheshould（

）himselftohisnewconditions.

问题1选项

A.adapt

B.adopt

C.regulate

D.suit

【答案】A

【解析】adapt使适应，改编；adopt采取，接受；regulate调节，规定；suit合适，相称。根据句意可知，这里应该是使自己适应新环境，所以选项A正确。

15.单选题

In1871theParisCommunewhich,asmentioned,wasthefirstsocialistrevolution,wasalsothelastonetotakeplaceinacountrythatwaspartofthecapitalistcenter.Thetwentiethcenturyinauguratedwiththe“awakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheriesanewchapterinhistory.ItsfirstmanifestationsweretherevolutionsinIran(1907),inMexico(1910-1920),China(1911)and“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905.ThisawakeningofthepeoplesandnationsoftheperipherywascarriedforwardintheRevolutionof1917,theArabo-MuslimNahda,theconstitutionoftheYoungTurkmovement(1908),theEgyptianRevolutionof1919,andtheformationoftheIndianCongress(1885).

Inreactiontothefirstlongcrisisofhistoricalcapitalism(1875-1950),thepeoplesoftheperipherybegantoliberatethemselvesaround1914-1917,mobilizingthemselvesundertheflagsofsocialism(Russia,China,Vietnam,Cuba)orofnationalliberation(India,Algeria)associatedtodifferentdegreeswithprogressivesocialreforms.Theytookthepathtoindustrialization,hithertoforbiddenbythedominationoftheoldimperialism,forcingthelatterto"adjust"tothisfirstwaveofindependentinitiativesofthepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheries.From1917tothetimewhenthe"Bandungproject"(1955-1980)ranoutofsteamandSovietismcollapsedin1990,theseweretheinitiativesthatdominatedthescene.

IdonotseethetwolongcrisesofagingmonopolycapitalismintermsoflongKondratieffcycles,butastwostagesinboththedeclineofhistoricalglobalizedcapitalismandthepossibletransitiontosocialism.NordoIseethe1914-1945periodexclusivelyas"the30years"warforthesuccessionto“Britishhegemony.”1seethisperiodalsoasthelongwarconductedbytheimperialistcentersagainstthefirstawakeningoftheperipheries(EastandSouth).

Thisfirstwaveoftheawakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheryworeoutformanyreasons,includingitsowninternallimitationsandcontradictions,andimperialism’ssuccessinfindingnewwaysofdominatingtheworldsystem(throughthecontroloftechnologicalinvention,accesstoresources,theglobalizedfinancialsystem,communicationandinformationtechnology,weaponsofmassdestruction).

Nevertheless,capitalismunderwentasecondlongcrisisthatbeganinthe1970s,exactlyonehundredyearsafterthefirstone.Thereactionsofcapitaltothiscrisiswerethesameasithadhadtothepreviousone:reinforcedconcentration,whichgaverisetogeneralizedmonopolycapitalism,globalization("liberal"),andfractionalization.Butthemomentoftriumph-thesecond"belleépoque,"from1990to2008,echoingthefirst"belleépoque,"from1890to1914-ofthenewcollectiveimperialismoftheTriad(theUnitedStates,Europe,andJapan)wasindeedbrief.Anewepochofchaos,wars,andrevolutionsemerged.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,otherthanthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasrevolutioninthepassage?

2.Theword"Kondratieffcycles"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Howdothepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheriesforcethehistoricalcapitalismto“adjust”totheirfirstwaveofindependentinitiatives?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheideaoflastsentenceofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.The“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905.

B.TheBritishhegemony.

C.TheEgyptianRevolutionof1919.

D.TheParisCommune.

问题2选项

A.aterminpolitics

B.atermineconomics

C.aterminecology

D.aterminsociology

问题3选项

A.throughsocialism.

B.throughnationalliberation.

C.throughindustrialization.

D.throughfinancialglobalization.

问题4选项

A.Thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipheryhadalreadystarted,whichnowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions.Inthissituation,theimperialismhadtoresorttothemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

B.Thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowcouldn'tacceptthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadmaintainingitsdominantpositionsandtheyhadtoresorttothemilitarycontroltheplanetinthissituation.

C.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipheryhadalreadystarted,whichnowcouldn'tacceptthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadmaintainingitsdominantmilitarycontroloftheplanet.

D.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,letaloneallowittoachievethisaimthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

问题5选项

A.ThesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipherynowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions.

B.Peopleintheperipheryhavenoalternativethantooptforadifferentdevelopmentpath.

C.Theinitiativeofthehistoricaldevelopmentspontaneouslypassestothepeoplesandnationsoftheperiphery.

D.Thetwentiethcenturyinaugurated—withthe“awakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheries”-anewchapterinhistory.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“In1871theParisCommune…ItsfirstmanifestationsweretherevolutionsinIran(1907),…and“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905…theconstitutionoftheYoungTurkmovement(1908),theEgyptianRevolutionof1919…”，所以英国的霸权主义文中没有提及。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第三段，“IdonotseethetwolongcrisesofagingmonopolycapitalismintermsoflongKondratieffcycles,butastwostagesinboththedeclineofhistoricalglobalizedcapitalismandthepossibletransitiontosocialism.”，可知我并不会从长期的康德拉蒂夫周期来看待垄断资本主义衰退的两个长期危机，而是历史全球化资本主义衰落和向社会主义过渡的两个阶段。可推断出Kondratieffcycles是与经济相关的术语。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Theytookthepathtoindustrialization,hithertoforbiddenbythedominationoftheoldimperialism,forcingthelatterto"adjust"tothisfirstwaveofindependentinitiativesofthepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheries.”，可知他们走上了工业化的道路，来强迫统治者“调整”以适应第一次独立运动。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一句，“Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,otherthanthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.”，可知在这种情况下，外围国家的第二波觉醒已经开始了，其拒绝让三足鼎立的帝国主义保持它的统治地位，但帝国主义的军事控制除外。可推断出在这种情况下，帝国主义必须对全球继续实施军事控制。选项A符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文。第一段提及了20世纪的民族革命运动；第二段主要提到资本主义开始走上了工业化的道路来调整使其适应独立运动；接着第四段和第五段介绍了两次民族觉醒革命。所以文章的主题以20世纪外围民族的觉醒和革命运动展开。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Iadmirehercourage,compassionand（

）tothecauseofhumanity,justiceandpeace.

问题1选项

A.devotion

B.determination

C.opposition

D.realism

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。devotion奉献，忠诚，热爱；determination决心，果断；opposition反对；realism现实主义。句意：我钦佩她为了人道，正义与和平所表现出来的勇气、同情心和奉献精神。选项A符合句意。

17.翻译题

II.(本题3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsof