考研考博-英语-南华大学船山学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南华大学船山学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

问题1选项

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adverse“不利的；相反的；敌对的”；B选项maximum“最多的；最大极限的”；C选项constrained“拘泥的；被强迫的；不舒服的”；D选项serene“平静的；晴朗的”。句意：在这场暴风来临之前，我们去热带海滩度假胜地的度假是非常平静的。结合此处语义，D选项正确。

2.单选题

Hethinksaboutnothingbutplaybilliard.He'scompletelyaddictedtoit.

问题1选项

A.ascribedto

B.hookedupto

C.indulgedin

D.tendedto

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他只想着打台球，完全沉迷其中。addictedto意为“沉迷于……”。ascribedto归因于；hookedupto连接到；indulgedin沉溺于；tendedto倾向于。选项C与之意思最为相近。

3.单选题

Thecaptainoften（

）responsibilitytohissubordinates,soastohavetimetodotheimportanttaskshimself.

问题1选项

A.analyzed

B.respected

C.criticized

D.assigned

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。analyze“分析，解释”；respect“尊敬，尊重”；criticize“批评”；assign“分派，选派，分配”；根据句意‘船长经常将任务（

）下属，以便自己有时间去做更重要的工作。’确定D选项正确。

4.单选题

MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflightfromtherealityofdeath.OneofthestrikingqualitiesoftheAmericancharacteristheunwillingnesstofaceeitherthefactormeaningofdeath,inthemoresombertraditionofAmericanliterature—fromHawthorneandMelvilleandPoetoFaulknarandHemingway?—onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurfacethinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.Byaneffortoftheimagination,thegreatwritersfacedproblemswhichthecultureinactionisreluctanttofacethefactofdeath,itsmystery,anditsplaceintheback-and-forthshuttlingoftheeternalrecurrence.TheunblinkingconfrontationofdeathinGreektimes,theelaboratetheologicalpatternswovenarounditintheMiddleAges,theritualcelebrationofitintherich,peasantculturesofLatinandSlavicEuropeandinprimitivecultures;thesearedifficulttofindinAmericanlife.

Whetherthroughfearoftheemotionaldepths,orbecauseofadryingupofthesluicesofreligiousintensity,theAmericanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencomingtotermswithit;hefindsitmorbidandreeditsfromit,surroundingitwithwordavoidance(Americansneverdie;they"passaway")andvarioustaboosofspeechandpractice.A"Funeralparlor"isdecoratedtolooklikeabank;everythinginafuneralceremonyisdoneinhushedtones,asifitweresomethingfurtive,tobeconcealedfromtheworld;thereissomuchemphasisonbeingdignifiedthattheceremonyoftenloses'itsqualityofdignity.Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandevenunintelligible.Livingisascientificculture.Americanshavealreadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomes,yettheyshowlittlecapacitytocometotermswiththefactofdeathitselfandwiththegriefthataccompaniesit."Wejubilateoverbirthanddanceatweddings,"writesMargaretMead,"butmoreandmorehustlethedeadoffthescenewithoutceremony,withoutanopportunityforyoungandoldtorealizethatdeathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth."And,onemayadd,eveninitshurryandbrevity,thelaststageofanAmerican'slife—thelastoccasionofhisrelationtohissociety—isasstandardizedastherest.

1.InthenovelsofHawthorneandMelville,onewillfind（）.

2.Thewords"passaway"suggestthe（）.

3.UnlikeAmericansociety,someprimitivecultures（）.

4.MargaretMeadsuggeststhat（）.

5.Theword"it"inline2ofparagraph2refersto（）.

6.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinsomeprimitivecultures,（）.

7.Fromthepassage,weteamthatAmericans（）.

问题1选项

A.ordinaryAmericandeathattitudes

B.awillingnesstoacceptdeathasafactoflife

C.asuperficialattitudetowarddeath

D.amorbidattitudetothedeaththeme

问题2选项

A.religiousovertonesofdeath

B.indifferencewithwhichmostAmericansregarddeath

C.Americanreluctanttofacetherealityofdeath

D.averageAmericanbeliefinimmortality

问题3选项

A.donotunderstandthecausesofdeath

B.understandthecausesofdeath

C.areunabletocometotermswithdeath

D.haveamorbidattitudetowarddeath

问题4选项

A.weshouldsotrejoiceatabirth

B.weshouldcryatabirthandrejoiceatafuneral

C.aweddingshouldbesolemnaffair

D.weshouldacceptbothdeathmidmarriageandbirthasafactoflife

问题5选项

A.fear

B.religiousintegrity

C.dwellingondeath

D.death

问题6选项

A.deathisacceptedhappily

B.deathhasbeentreatedasamystery

C.deathhasbeenbestowedwithrichculturalimplications

D.mentioningofdeathisavoidedinAmericanculture

问题7选项

A.knowscientificallyhowdeathcomesabout

B.treatdeathasamystery

C.acceptdeathsquarely

D.knowmoreaboutdeaththanpeopleinothercountries

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:A

【解析】1.根据关键词“HawthorneandMelville”定位到第一段二三句“fromHawthorneandMelville...—onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurfacethinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.”可知,选项A符合原文。

2.根据第二段的一二句可知,美国人避免纠缠于死亡,甚至避免接受死亡。用回避的字眼代替死亡,比如美国人永远不死,他们是“去世”。说明美国人不愿面对死亡的现实。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第二段中“Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;”可知,选项A与原文描述一致。

4.根据关键词“MargaretMead”定位到第二段的倒数第二句“deathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth.”MargaretMead认为死亡和出生一样,都是生命的事实。选项D符合原文。

5.根据原文“theAmericanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencomingtotermswithit.”美国人避免对死亡念念不忘,甚至不愿接受它。由此可知,这里的“it”指的是死亡,选项D正确。

6.根据第二段“Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandevenunintelligible.”在一些原始文化中,人们很难理解死亡的原因；死亡似乎令人费解,甚至难以理解。由此可知,原始文化中,死亡一直被视为一个谜。选项B符合原文。

7.根据第二段“Americanshavealreadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomes,...”美国人对死亡的原因已经有了足够的了解,选项A符合原文。.

5.单选题

Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesfeltintheUnitedStates.AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”(namedafteritsaddressontheFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.

SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanlandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.Comparedwiththeworksoftherealistpainters,theworksofAmericanmodernistsweremuchfurtherremovedfromtheactualappearanceofthecity.Theyweremoreinterestedinthe“feel”ofthecity,moreconcernedwiththemeaningbehindappearance.However,boththepaintersofthe"AshCanSchool"andthelaterrealistswerestilltiedtonineteenthcenturyorearlierstyles,whiletheearlymodernistssharedintheinternationalbreakthroughsoftheartofthetwentiethcentury.

ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutionsincetheRenaissance.InCubismnaturalformswerebrokendownanalyticallyintogeometricshapes.Nolongerwasacleardifferentiationmadebetweenthefigureandthebackgroundofapainting.Theobjectsrepresentedandthesurfaceonwhichtheywerepaintedbecameone.TheCubistsabandonedtheconventionalsinglevantagepointoftheviewer,andobjectsdepictedfrommultipleviewpointswereshownatthesametime.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasameansthroughwhichAmericanartistslearnedaboutnewmovements?

3.WhydoestheauthormentionAlfredStieglitz?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasamajornewmovementinthetwentieth-centuryart?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwasafavoritesubjectforAmericanmodernists?

问题1选项

A.ThedevelopmentofCubism.

B.ModemartmovementsintheUnitedStates.

C.ContemporaryartistsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theinfluenceofphotographyonlandscapepainters.

问题2选项

A.Lessonsfromsuccessfulartists

B.Theexhibitionsatthegallery"291"

C.TripstoEurope

D.TheArmoryShowof1913

问题3选项

A.Todemonstratethatphotographywasthemajorinfluenceinmodemart.

B.Tocomparehimtootherartistsofthetime.

C.Topointoutthatmanyartistslearnedtheircraftbystudyingwithhim.

D.Togiveanexampleofsomeonewhohadaninfluenceonmodernart.

问题4选项

A.Renaissance

B.Cubism

C.Therationaltradition.

D.Impressionism.

问题5选项

A.Portraitsoffamouspeople

B.Countryscenes

C.Citylandscapes

D.Picturesofbuildings’interiors

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了20世纪的美国艺术运动，因此B选项“美国现代艺术运动”符合题意。A选项“立体派的发展”主要体现在第三段中；文章没有讲当代艺术家，故C选项“当代美国艺术家”不正确；D选项“摄影对风景画家的影响”在第二段中稍有提及，过于片面。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork（美国艺术家在巴黎之行和摄影家AlfredStieglitz的著名纽约画廊291的展览中熟悉了新的艺术。但是在美国现代运动传播中最重要的是1913年在纽约举行的轰动一时的军械库展览）可知美国艺术家通过巴黎之行、291画廊展览和1913年的军械库展览了解运动，只有A选项“成功艺术家的经验教训”没有提及，因此选A。

3.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.（美国艺术家在巴黎之行和摄影家AlfredStieglitz的著名纽约画廊291的展览中熟悉了新的艺术）可知此处是列举几个队现代艺术有影响的例子，因此选D。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutionsincetheRenaissance.（其中最大的突破是1907年至1914年在法国发展充分的立体派，这引发了文艺复兴以来的一场重大革命）可知选B。

5.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanlandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.（几个受军械展影响的美国现代主义者发现了城市景观是一个非常吸引人的话题，尤其是纽约）可知选C。

6.单选题

______humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesin______liferepeatthemselvesin______literature.

问题1选项

A./,/,the

B./,the,/

C.The,/,/

D.The,the,the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词的用法。Problems前面有human作定语，可不用定冠词。固定短语inlife中不需要加入定冠词。因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.ToX-rayhischest.

B.Tohospitalizehim.

C.Toperformaminorsurgery.

D.Totransferhimtoaspecialist.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whathappened?

M:Iwasinafightandgotmyheadhurt.

W:Wereyouknockedout?

M:No.

W:IwantyoutogoforanX-ray.Andcomebacktome.You’llneedsomestitchesforthatwound.

Q:Whatisthedoctorgoingtodofortheman?

【解析】细节题。医生告诉男士先去做X光，回来后伤口需要缝针。

8.单选题

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

问题1选项

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.careless不仔细的，粗心的（没有足够的关注和思考）B.doubtful不确定的，怀疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless没用的，无价值的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】sloppy的意思为“马虎的，草率的（缺乏关心、思考或努力）”，在这里指研究的样本太小，这样的研究非常随意，欠缺考虑，careless与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】愤怒的工程师们质疑这项研究中小样本的统计意义，并将其贴上草率的标签。

9.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我们将高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。我们将加强与各主要大国协调合作，建设良性互动、合作共赢的大国关系。中国愿与国际社会一道，为人类和平与发展事业不懈努力！

【答案】Wewillholdhighthebannerofpeace,development,cooperationandmutualbenefitandsafeguardnationalsovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests.Wewillstrengthencoordinationandcooperationwithmajorpowerstobuildamajorpowerrelationshipfeaturingbenigninteractionandwin-wincooperation.Chinaisreadytoworktirelesslywiththeinternationalcommunityforthecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind!

10.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.100.

B.232.

C.132.

D.332.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Thereareonly100passengersonthisairplane.

W:Thatleaves132emptyseats.

Q:Howmanyseatsarethereonthisairplane?

【解析】计算题。男士说飞机上现有乘客100个，女士说还有132个空位。因此飞机总共可以容纳232个乘客。

11.单选题

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（）theactiononthescreen.

问题1选项

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。contaminate“污染，弄脏”；compliment“恭维，称赞”；contemplate“沉思，注视”；complement“补足，补助”。句意：电影导演运用音乐去补充屏幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.

问题1选项

A.incident

B.accident

C.thing

D.matter

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项incidentn.事件，事变，插曲；B选项accidentn.事故，意外；C选项thingn.事情，东西，情况；D选项mattern.物质，原因。句意：酒吧里那件令人尴尬的事让他们非常失望，这为英国人的好客树立了一个不好的典范。因此，正确答案为A项。

13.单选题

Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.

Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?

Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.

Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.

So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuationsymbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”

Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”

Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?Bug”or“Song;Tree”.

Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?

3.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?

4.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?

5.Theword“Given”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（）.

问题1选项

A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.

B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.

C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.

D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.

问题2选项

A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.

B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.

C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.

D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.

问题3选项

A.iaHgnahs

B.19730508

C.2B/not2B

D.Re-B,pl2

问题4选项

A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.

B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.

C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.

D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.

问题5选项

A.Fixed

B.Granted

C.Supposed

D.Presented

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：这篇文章的主旨是？这文章全文是关于“密码”。文章第一段就出现了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何选择既安全又简单易记的密码。后面的内容对这个问题做出了回答，所以选项D“如何选择一个安全方便的密码”正确。A选项“如何通过密码加强安全性”，是文章第五段的主要内容。B选项“如何选择一个容易记住的密码”，是文章第六段的主要内容。C选项“如何防止你的密码被破解”，是文章第三，四段的主要内容。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

2.事实细节题。题干：为什么我们不能用一个在任何字典里都能找到的词作为密码呢?由题干定位到第四段第三、四、五句话Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.（最后，不要使用任何词典中都能找到的词，即使是外语词典。巨大的列表是可用的，包含单词，地名，和来自所有的语言的专有名称。比较简单的计算机程序能够很快地破译这类密码，比如它们是倒写、大写还是组合。），所以本题B选项“因为计算机程序可以破解它”，符合题意。A选项“因为电脑黑客很容易记住它”，是因为容易被破解所以不能用，并没有提到是否容易记忆，A选项排除。C选项“因为电脑黑客会下定决心破解它”，文章提到是有程序可以破解，而不是黑客会下决心破解，所以C选项不符合题意。D选项“因为单词表是如此之大以至于单词不容易记住”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.推理判断题。如果你正在为你的电脑选择一个密码，以下哪个是最好的选择?根据第四段第一句话Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.（另外，如果可能的话，不要使用完全由字母或数字组成的密码。），可排除A和B选项。这篇文章的最后一句讲到Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.（无论你决定选择什么密码，不要采用上面提到的任何一个例子。），而C选项正是文章所给的例子，所以排除。所以只有D选项，有不同种类的符号、数字、横线等的组合，才是最好的选择。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

4.推理判断题。题干：如何选择既安全又容易记忆的密码呢？根据文章第七段Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter（还有建议就是使用两个简短的单词，并用标点符号将它们连接起来），可知D选项“用两个简短的单词连上一个标点符号”，符合题意。根据文章第六段第二句Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.（有人建议你用最喜欢的书或电影的标题，或一首歌曲或一首诗的台词，把每个单词的首字母作为你的密码，加上大写字母、标点符号或其他字符。），可知，A选项“选你最喜欢的书或电影的名字”和B选项“从你最喜欢的歌或诗中选取一句”，都不全面，选择书或者电影名字会容易被程序破解，所以B，C都不正确。C选项“编了一个在任何字典里都找不到的无意义的词”，随便编出来的没有意义的词会很容易忘记，所以C选项排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

5.推理判断题。题干：第二段的“Given”，可以由单词________替代。由题干定位到第二段Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?（据估计，在10年内，消费者可能要处理100多个密码！考虑到密码的流行，你如何选择一个足够复杂的安全而又足够简单的记忆密码呢?），A选项“确定，固定”，B选项“授予，允许”，C选项“假定，设想”，D选项“提出，提供”。文章是对10年后情况的推测，所以应该选择C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Hewatchedamazedateightsquirrelsthatwalked（

）downthebank,andmadeforalargepinetreeatthebottom.

问题1选项

A.inprofile

B.inarow

C.insinglefile

D.allalongtheline

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。inprofile意为“从侧面看”；inarow意为“一连，成一行，接连”；insinglefile意为“成纵队，成单列”；allalongtheline意为“到处，在全线上”。

句意：他目不转睛地看着八只松鼠沿着河边成单列向河端的一棵大松树走去。

15.单选题

Picture-takingisatechniquebothforannexingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressingthesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythecameracandisclosethem.Andtheydepictanindividualphotographer’stemperament,discoveringitselfthroughthecamera’scroppingofreality.Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.

Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentin“taking”apicture.Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasanobserverisattractivebecauseitimplicitlydeniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredatoryorassimply,andessentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.

Animportantresultofthecoexistenceofthesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography’smeans.Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbypremoderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshigh-poweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointofhonorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartierBresson,torefusetousemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecameraasaninstrumentof“fastseeing”.CartierBresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncameramayseetoofast.

Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewishtoreturntoapurerpast—whenimageshadahandmadequality.Thisnostalgiaforsomepristinestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscurrentlywidespreadandunderliesthepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandthewokofforgottennineteenth-centuryprovincialphotographers.Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness.

1.Accordingtothepassage,interestamongphotographersineachofphotography’stwoidealscanbedescribedas（）

2.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（）

3.TheauthormentionstheworkofHaroldEdgertoninordertoprovideanexampleof（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,thetwoantitheticalidealsofphotographydifferprimarilyinthe

（）

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbemostlikelytobegintheparagraphimmediatelyfollow-ingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.rapidlychanging

B.cyclicallyrecurring

C.steadilygrowing

D.unimportanttotheviewersofphotographs

问题2选项

A.establishingnewtechnicalstandardsforcontemporaryphotography

B.analyzingtheinfluenceofphotographicidealsonpicture-taking

C.tracingthedevelopmentofcameratechnologyinthetwentiethcentury

D.describinghowphotographers’individualtemperamentsarereflectedintheirwork

问题3选项

A.howacontrolledambivalencetowardphotography’smeanscanproduceoutstandingpictures

B.howthecontentofphotographshaschangedfromthenineteenthcenturytothetwentieth

C.thepopularityofhigh-speedphotographyinthetwentiethcentury

D.therelationshipbetweenphotographicoriginalityandtechnology

问题4选项

A.valuethateachplacesonthebeautyofthefinishedproduct

B.emphasisthateachplacesontheemotionalimpactofthefinishedproduct

C.degreeoftechnicalknowledgethateachrequiresofthephotographer

D.wayinwhicheachdefinestheroleofthephotographer

问题5选项

A.Photographers,asaresultoftheirheightenedawarenessoftime,areconstantlytryingtocap-tureeventsandactionsthatarefleeting.

B.Thusthecultofthefuture,theworshipofmachinesandspeed,isfirmlyestablishedinspiteofeffortstothecontrarybysomephotographers.

C.Therejectionoftechnicalknowledge,however,canneverbecompleteandphotographycan-notforanylengthoftimepretendthatithasnoweapons.

D.Thepointofhonorinvolvedinrejectingcomplexequipmentis,however,ofnosignificancetotheviewerofaphotograph.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.第二段最后一句提到两种理想拍照方式中总会有一种在某段时间内被重新发现并占主要地位。所以说拍摄者的兴趣在两种理想模式间是循环往复的，故B项正确。

2.作者最后说明了两种拍照理念对于摄影发展的影响。所以B项“分析拍摄理念对于摄影的影响”符合文意，B项正确。

3.根据题干关键词定位至第三段：WhatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightThesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke”。作者以HaroldEdgerton为例，说明了摄影师和机器设备之间的关系。D项正确。

4.第二段第一句话:“Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentintakingapicture.”。这两种对立的观念主要在于摄影师和旁观者在摄影时是否扮演着积极的角色。D项正确。

5.题干问的是“文章接下来将会讨论什么？”最后一句话为：Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness（摄影师和旁观者似乎需要质疑自己对摄影的认知）。由此可推测，文章接下来将会继续讲解与拍照认知有关的内容。所以C项正确。

16.单选题

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents（

）.

问题1选项

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。如果句子主语是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等词，后面的表语从句中要用到虚拟语气：should+动词原形的结构。这里should可以省略，句意为，对于硕士学位的要求之一是：学生应该通过论文答辩。分析四个选项，B最符合题意。

17.单选题

（）theexceptionofinstitutionscontrolledbychurch,municipalorprivatecorporations.LatinAmericanuniversitiesareregulatedbyfederallaws.

问题1选项

A.By

B.For

C.With

D.To

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词词义辨析。A选项By“由；被；通过”；B选项For“给；对；为了”；C选项With“和；随着”；D选项To“朝；位于……”。句意：……由教会、市政或私人公司控制的机构的例外，拉丁美洲的大学由联邦法律管理。根据句意可知，这里填入C选项符合句意，表示除了……。因此答案为C选项。

18.单选题

（）wehadnotmadeanymistakesin

thecalculations!

问题1选项

A.Butfor

B.Ifonly

C.Let

D.Without

【答案】B

【解析】句意：要是我们的计算没有出错就好了！

Ifonly此处指要是……就好了,表达愿望。butfor指要不是。

19.单选题

Frenchareelegantpeople.Theyareartistsineverydaylife,havingaverygoodtasteineverything.Theydon'tlikeAmericantouristswearingjeanstogointotheirluxuriousandexquisitefive-starrestaurants.Sooneoftherestaurantsputanoticeoutsideitsfrontdoor.Itread“Notrousers,please!”

AgourmetcoffeewassoldinTokyoasanantidotetostress.Itsnamesupposedlymeanttopeoplethatitwouldsmooththetroubledbreast.YetwhenitwasprintedinEnglish,itturnedouttobe“EaseYourBosoms”.

SwedesstartedapromotionstunttopromotethesalesoftheirvacuumcleanernamedElectro.Theiroriginaladsloganwastranslatedas“NothingsucksLikeElectro”.

TheGeneralMotors'sellingofChevroletwasverybadinSouthAmerica.Andthereason?Thetranslationofthisbrandsoundslike“nova”,whichmeans“Itdoesn'tgo”inSpanish.

WhenPepsi-colainvadedthehugeChineseandGermanmarkets,theeffortsinitiallyfizzled.Theproduct'sslogan,“ComealivewiththePepsigeneration,”w