考研考博-英语-安徽冶金科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽冶金科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.填空题

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【试题答案】C

2.【试题答案】D

3.【试题答案】C

4.【试题答案】C

5.【试题答案】D

6.【试题答案】B

7.【试题答案】A

8.【试题答案】A

9.【试题答案】C

10.【试题答案】A

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查词性。C项修饰形容词large，此处increasing应改为副词increasingly，故选C。

2.【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。Sacrifices和involve之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词involved。因此D合题意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【试题解析】考查代词。C项指代前文thepaidmanagers，为负数，因此该用they不是he，故选C。

4.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。在此处that指代的先行词为questions，为复数，遵守主谓一致的原则，应该是have不是has，故选C。

5.【试题解析】考查连词。此处考查whether...or...“是……还是……，或者……或者……”，and错误，应是or，故选D。

6.【试题解析】考查介词。此处句意为：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介词by更合适，故选B。

7.【试题解析】考查冠词。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位语，对其进行解释说明，因此professor前面应有冠词a，故选A。

8.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主语的谓语动词形式为woulddo，可以判断出这是对现在时间的虚拟，从句的动词应用examined。故选A。

9.【试题解析】考查副词。Neither才是否定的“也”，故选C。

10.【试题解析】考查语态。根据语境和句意，此处应该用主动语态，去掉been才正确，故选A。

2.单选题

Theannouncementofthedeathoftheirleadercausedthereafterafeelingofgreatdespairto（

）theirlives.

问题1选项

A.overflow

B.scatter

C.permeate

D.manipulate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。overflow“使溢出”；scatter“散播；散开”；permeate“弥漫；充满”；manipulate“操级；操作”。句意：领导去世的消息使得绝望的心情弥漫在他们生活中。选项C符合题意。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.两千余年来，丝绸之路作为中西交通的大动脉承载着中国与世界的交往、对话，彰显着古代中国开放的文化品格、不朽的文明成果。今天，“丝绸之路”一词早已超越其历史含义，成为一种精神象征，为当今世界的和平与发展提供了价值典范。

2.谈到美国文学时，不能断言它与欧洲文学截然不同。广义上说，美国和欧洲齐头并进。在任何时间，旅行者都会在两地发现同样风格的建筑、相同式样的服装，书店出售相同的书籍。思想如同人和商品一样会自由自在地跨越大西洋，尽管有时速度慢些。

3.当人类逐渐了解自然，开始向自然索取并慢慢发展到企图征服自然，并愈演愈烈时，自然的和谐与平衡便遭到毁坏。荒漠化的地区出现了，灾难性的洪水来临了，连空气和水质也常受到污染，人类赖以生存的环境基础受到了破坏。

【答案】1.TheSilkRoad,asthetrafficarteryconnectingChinaandtheWest,hasbornetheweightofdialogueandcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheworld,andhasalsodemonstratedanopenculturalcharacterofancientChinaandimmortalcivilizationforovertwothousandyears.Nowadaysthewordofthe“SilkRoad”hasalreadyexceededitshistoricalmeaning,andbecomeaspiritualsymbol,providingamodelofvalueforthepeaceanddevelopmentofthepresentworld.

2.TospeakofAmericanliteraturewecan’tassertthatitisentirelydifferentfromEuropeanliterature.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehaveadvancedsidebyside.Atanytime,thetravelercouldfindthesamestylesinarchitecture,thesamepatternsindress,thesamebooksonthebookshopsintwodifferentplaces.ThoughtscanspantheAtlanticOceanasfreelyasmenandcommodities,althoughsometimesthespeedisslow.

3.Humanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Therehavebeendesertifiedzoneandcatastrophicflood.Evenairandwaterwereoftenpolluted.Theenvironmentwhichwedependonforalivingwasdeteriorated.

4.单选题

Ⅲ.(InternationalLaw)

ThePanelobservesthatArticle1.1oftheTRIPSAgreementprovidesasfollows:“MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.”

ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement.ThismeansthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareobligationswherestated,andthefirstsentenceofArticle61sostates.ThesecondsentenceofArticle1.1clarifiesthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareminimumstandardsonly,inthatitgivesMembersthefreedomtoimplementahigherstandard,subjecttoacondition.ThethirdsentenceofArticle1.1doesnotgrantMembersfreedomtoimplementalowerstandard,butrathergrantsfreedomtodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementationoftheprovisionstowhichtheyarerequiredtogiveeffectunderthefirstsentence.ThePanelagreesthatdifferencesamongMembers’respectivelegalsystemsandpracticestendtobemoreimportantintheareaofenforcement.However,acoherentreadingofthethreesentencesofArticle1.1doesnotpermitdifferencesindomesticlegalsystemsandpracticestojustifyanyderogationfromthebasicobligationtogiveeffecttotheprovisionsonenforcement.

Therefore,thestandardofcompliancewithArticle61istheminimuminternationallyagreedstandardsetoutinthatArticle.TheminimumstandardinArticle61doesnotdefertoChina’sdomesticpracticeonthedefinitionofcriminalliabilityandsanctionsforotherwrongfulactsinareasnotsubjecttointernationalobligationsundertheTRIPSAgreement,unlessitsostates.Forexample,thesecondsentencerefersto“crimesofacorrespondinggravity”,whichmightrefertodomesticpracticeinotherareas.However,thefirstsentenceofArticle61doesnotmakeanysuchreference.

Fortheabovereasons,thePanelconfirmsitsviewthatthefirstsentenceofArticle61oftheTRIPSAgreementimposesanobligation.ThePanelwillnowturntothetermsusedinthatprovision,readincontextandinlightoftheobjectandpurposeoftheAgreement,todeterminethescopeandcontentofthatobligation.

59.WhatisrequiredbyArticle1.1ofTRIPS?

60.Whichoftheflowingisthemostsuitabletopicforthe2ndparagraph?

61.OnecaninferfromtheunderlinedphrasethatthefirstsentenceofArticle61___.

62.Theunderlinedphrase“deferto”inthe3rdparagraphmeansto___.

问题1选项

A.ToprovidethesametreatmenttonationalsofotherWTOmembers.

B.ToprovidemoreextensiveprotectionthanrequiredbyTRIPS.

C.TotakespecificmethodtoimplementtheprovisionsofTRIPS.

D.TogiveeffecttotheprovisionsofTRIPS.

问题2选项

A.TheinterpretationofArticle1.1ofTRIPS.

B.ObligationssetoutinArticle1.1ofTRIPScannotbederogated.

C.ObligationssetoutinArticle1.1ofTRIPS.

D.The3sentencesofArticle1.1ofTRIPShavedifferentmeaning.

问题3选项

A.makessomestatements

B.sostates

C.isanobligationoftheWTOmembers

D.isthesameastheprovisionsofTRIPS

问题4选项

A.delay

B.givewaytosomebody’sjudgment

C.respect

D.postpone

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】59.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Article1.1oftheTRIPSAgreementprovidesasfollows:“MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement…”（《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条规定如下：“各成员应实施本协定的各项规定。各成员可以(但不应被迫)在其法律中实施比本协定要求的更广泛的保护，只要此种保护不违反本协定的规定……”）可知选D选项“实施《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》条款”，以及B选项“提供比《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》要求的更广泛的保护”不符合原文，原文是需要在“此种保护不违反本协定的规定”这个前提下；A选项“向其他世贸组织成员的国民提供同样的待遇”和C选项“采取具体方法实施《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》条款”第一段未提及。因此D选项正确。

60.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement…ThesecondsentenceofArticle1.1clarifiesthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareminimumstandardsonly,inthatitgivesMembersthefreedomtoimplementahigherstandard,subjecttoacondition.ThethirdsentenceofArticle1.1doesnotgrantMembersfreedomtoimplementalowerstandard…（第1.1条第一句规定了成员“应使”本协定条款生效的基本义务……第1.1条的第二句话澄清了《协定》的规定仅是最低标准，因为它给予成员执行更高标准的自由，但须有一个条件。第1.1条第3句不给予成员执行较低标准的自由……）可知第二段都在解释说明Article1.1oftheTRIPSAgreement（《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条）的内容，选A选项“对与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条的解释”；B选项“不能减损《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条规定的义务”，C选项“《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条规定的义务”以及D选项“《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条的3句话有不同的含义”都是第二段的片面内容，不足以概括整个段落。因此A选项正确。

61.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文划线句子部分ThismeansthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareobligationswherestated,andthefirstsentenceofArticle61sostates.（这意味着，《协定》的规定在规定的地方是义务，第61条第一句就说明了这一点），这里所提到的这一点即第二段第一句的内容ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement.（第1.1条第一句规定了成员应实施”本协定各项规定的基本义务。），选C选项“是世贸组织成员的义务”；A选项“做一些陈述”，B选项“这样说的”以及D选项“与《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》条款相同”都不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干定位到第三段TheminimumstandardinArticle61doesnotdefertoChina’sdomesticpracticeonthedefinitionofcriminalliability（第六十一条的最低标准不尊重我国国内对刑事责任定义的实践），deferto在本句中表示“尊重；听从”；A选项“延迟”；B选项“让步于某人的判断”；C选项“尊重”；D选项“推迟”。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Awearabletechnologydeveloped-byresearchersatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicinemayhelpsurgeonsto（）cancercells,whichwillhelptoensurethatnostraytumorcellsareleft-behindduringsurgicalprocedures.

问题1选项

A.utilize

B.visualize

C.transcend

D.transform

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。utilize利用；visualize显现，可视化；transcend胜过，超越；transform变换，改变。由which引导的从句内容可知“这可穿戴的技术可以帮助确保癌细胞无残留”说明这项技术能够让外科医生在手术过程过看清楚癌细胞。故B项符合题意。句意：华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员开发的一种可穿戴技术可能有助于外科医生看清楚癌细胞，这将有助于确保在手术过程中不会留下任何游离的肿瘤细胞。

6.单选题

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的发电机出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替机械操作。A选项manually手工地；B选项artificially人为地；C选项automatically自动地；D选项synthetically综合地，A选项符合句意。

7.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

AccordingtothetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,we’llofficiallywelcometheYearoftheHorsefollowingthearrivalofSpringFestival.

Thehorsehasplayedanimportantrotethroughouthumanhistoryallovertheworld.Horseswereusedforthousandsofyearsasameansoftransport,aweaponofwarandaplougheroffields,butthehorsewasmorethanjustavehicle—ithadmorecharacterthanacar,atankoratractor.IntheMiddleAgesinWesternsocieties,thehorsewasasymbolofchivalry（骑士精神）andnobility.Infact,theword‘‘chivalry’，coinesfrom“cheval”inOldFrench,whichmeanthorse.Theideaofchivalryhelpedtofashionthe19th-centuryconceptofthe“gentleman”，whichwasrelatedtocourtesy,courageandloyaltytofriends.Nowadays,becauseofeconomicdevelopment,peopleinModemsocietiesarelesslikelytoseeorridehorses.Peoplelivingincities,inparticular,hardlyeverexperiencehorsesexceptthroughmovies,paintingsorbooks.

Besidestheirphysicalstrengths,horseshavepowerfulbrains.Maybethat’swhytheChineseidiomsays:“Anoldhorsenevergetslost”.Sincethehorseishonoredasasymbolofvigor,loyalty,persistenceandintelligence,peoplebomintheYearoftheHorsearesaidtosharesuchgoodqualities.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

中国作为文明古国，同样有着辉煌的城市发展史。中国的城市也具有自身特色。改革开放30多年来，中国工业化、城镇化(urbanization)步伐明显加快，城镇居民从1.7亿人增加到近7亿人，形成了一批有重要影响与发展活力的城市群，促进了经济发展和社会进步。城市化对经济、社会、文化都有巨大而深远的影响。面向未来，中国致力于推动科学发展，加快转变经济发展方式，把城镇化作为现代化建设的重大战略。

【答案】A.

按照中国农历，随着春节的到来，我们将正式迎来马年。

在世界各国，马在人类历史上都扮演着举足轻重的角色。数千年来，马被用作运输工具、战争武器以及犁地农具。但其实，马不仅仅是一种交通工具，其地位要远超汽车、坦克和拖拉机。在中世纪的西方社会，马是骑士精神和贵族的象征。实际上，骑士精神chivalry—词来源于古法语中的“马(cheval)”。在骑士精祌的推动下，19世纪代表礼貌、勇气和真诚的“绅士粘祌”成为一种风尚。如今，随着经济的发展，现代社会的人很少看到马或骑马。尤其是城市中的人们，除了通过电影、绘画和书籍，几乎没有接触过马。

马除了健壮的体魄外，还拥有强大的头脑，这或许就是成语“老马识途”的由來吧。马是活力、忠诚、毅力和智慧的象征，因此传说属马之人也具备这些优良品质。

B.

China,acountrywithanancientcivilization,alsohasaproudhistoryofurbandevelopment.Chinesecitiesarealsouniqueintheirownways.Sincethelaunchingofreformandopening-upprogramover30yearsago,Chinahasquickenedthepaceofindustrializationandurbanization,withurbanpopulationincreasingfrom170milliontosome700million.Theemergenceofanumberofcityclusterswithstronginfluenceanddynamismfordevelopmenthasboostedeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Urbanizationhasatremendousandprofoundimpactoneconomy,societyandculture.Goingforward,Chinawillpursuedevelopmentinascientificway,accelerateshiftofthegrowthmodelandtakeurbanizationasanimportantstrategyforpromotingmodernization.

8.单选题

TheMayacivilizationreacheditsperiodofgreatestdevelopmentaboutA.D.250andcontinuedto（）forhundredsofyears.

问题1选项

A.thrive

B.flourish

C.prevail

D.popularize

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。thrive繁荣,兴旺,主要指生长得健壮;flourish繁荣,兴旺,指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行,战胜;popularize普及,推广。句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期,并持续繁荣了数百年。所以选项B更合适。

9.单选题

Itriedtocontrolmytemperandfocusonourbusiness,butintheendIdecidedthatIhadtodiscussaboutthematterwiththepeoplewhohadoverchargedus.

问题1选项

A.focusonourbusiness

B.intheend

C.discussaboutthematter

D.whohadoverchargedus

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。介词多余。去掉about。discuss是及物动词,后面不需要接介词about。

10.翻译题

思维这一主题是心理学的一个研究领域，许多观察者在研究机器人和计算机时都考虑到了这一方面：一些由来已久的关于AI（人工智能）的忧虑与计算机能否思考密切相关。第一批巨大的能快速运算（即使往往不太可靠）并且几乎或完全不能进行创造性活动的电子计算机，不久便被称作“电脑”。接着很快便产生了对这一术语的反应：为了做到恰如其分，人们把计算机称作“高速白痴”，以保护人类的虚荣心。在这样一种氛围里，人们很少考虑计算机可以实际上具有生命的可能性：计算机竟有可能思考，这已经够糟糕的了。但并不是人人都意识到“高速白痴”这一称谓的含义是什么。人们很少提到的是：即使是人类中的白痴，也是地球上最有智慧的生命形态之一，如果早期的计算机就有那么聪明，那已经就是很了不起的事了。

【答案】Thetopicofthoughtisoneareaofpsychology,andmanyobservershaveconsideredthisaspectinconnectionwithrobotsandcomputers:someoftheoldworriesaboutAI(artificialintelligence)werecloselylinkedtothequestionofwhethercomputerscouldthink.Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputers,capableofrapid(ifoftenunreliable)computationandlittleornocreativeactivity,weresoonnamed“electronicbrains”.Areactiontothisterminologyquicklyfollowed:Toputthemintheirplace,computerswerecalled“high-speedidiots”,anefforttoprotecthumanvanity.Insuchaclimate,thepossibilityofcomputersactuallybeingalivewasrarelyconsidered:itwasbadenoughthatcomputersmightbecapableofthought.Butnoteveryonerealizedtheimplicationsoftheexpressionthe“high-speedidiot”tag.Ithasnotbeenpointedoutoftenenoughthateventhehumanidiotisoneofthemostintelligentlifeformsontheearth.Iftheearlycomputerswereeventhatintelligent,itwasalreadyaremarkablestateofaffairs.

11.单选题

Theworld'soceanshavewarmed50percentfasteroverthelast40yearsthanpreviouslythoughtduetoclimatechange,AustralianandUSclimateresearchersreportedWednesday.Higheroceantemperaturesexpandthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.

Thestudy,publishedintheBritishjournalNature,addstoagrowingscientificchorusofwarningsaboutthepaceandconsequencesofrisingoceans.ItalsoservesasacorrectivetoamassivereportissuedlastyearbytheNobel,winningUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),accordingtotheauthors.

Risingsealevelsaredrivenbytwothings:thethermalexpansionofseawater,andadditionalwaterfrommeltingsourcesofice.Bothprocessesarecausedbyglobalwarming.TheicesheetthatsitsatthetopofGreenland,forexample,containsenoughwatertoraiseworldoceanlevelsbysevenmetres(23feet),whichwouldburysea-levelcitiesfromDhakatoShanghai.

Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.Butuptonow,therehasbeenaperplexinggapbetweentheprojectionsofcomputer-basedclimatemodels,andtheobservationsofscientistsgatheringdatafromtheoceans.

Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustralianWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.

1.36.Whathappenswhentheocean'stemperaturerises?

2.37.Theriseinwaterlevelsisespeciallydangerousforsmallislandnationsand（）.

3.38.Thenewstudy（）.

4.39.Ultimately,thenewstudyshouldhelpscientiststo（）.

5.40.Whatwasthemainfindingofthestudy?

问题1选项

A.Itcausessealevelstorise.

B.Itcausessealevelstoremainconstant.

C.Itcausessealevelstodecrease.

D.Itcausessealevelstochange.

问题2选项

A.low-lyingurbanareas

B.allcoastalcities

C.peoplewholiveonthebeach

D.peoplewholivearoundtheglobe

问题3选项

A.showsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.32millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevels

B.didnotrevealanythingthatscientistsdidn'talreadyknow

C.usednewtechniquestoassessoceantemperatures

D.showshowquicklythesealevelsfall

问题4选项

A.lowerwaterlevels

B.findoutwhatiswrongwiththeearth

C.burysea-levelcitieslikeDhakaandShanghai

D.betterpredictclimatechange

问题5选项

A.Notenoughisbeingdoneaboutglobalwarming.

B.Oceanwatershavewarmedfasterthanscientistshadpreviouslythought.

C.Thewarmingoftheworld'soceansisnotathreat.

D.Theriseofsealevelshasnothingtodowithoceantemperature.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词ocean’stemperaturerises可以定位到文章第一段中“Higheroceantemperaturesexpendthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”中文翻译为“海水温度的升高将会导致海水体积的膨胀，从而导致海平面的上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁”可以得知海水温度升高会使海平面上升。因此A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题干询问：海平面上升尤其会对小岛国和…构成威胁。定位到第一段中“contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”译为：导致海平面上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁。因此A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词newstudy可以定位到文章最后一段。其中第一句话“Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustraliaWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.”中文翻译为：由于澳大利亚的天气和气候研究中心的CatiaDomingues主导的这一项新的研究首次将模型与观测数据相协调。可知B选项错误；第二句话“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”译为：通过使用新技术对海平面2300英尺以下的海水温度进行评估，研究发现从1961年到2003年，气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的0.32毫米。由此可以选项A，D错误。故答案选C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段中“Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.”译为：“科学家们表示，明确这些因素导致海平面上升的方式，对于理解气候变化和预测未来气温的升高至关重要”以及最后一段中“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”译为：通过使用新技术对海平面2300英尺以下的海水温度进行评估，研究发现从1961年到2003年，气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的0.32毫米。可知这将有助于科学家们后期更好地预测气候变化，因此答案选D。

5.根据题干可定位到文章最后一段中“...itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC”中文翻译为：研究发现气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的032毫米。因此选择答案B。

12.单选题

Ⅹ.(IntellectualProperties)

Incaseswhereanominativefairusedefenseisraised,weaskwhether(1)theproductwas“readilyidentifiable”withoutuseofthemark;(2)defendantusedmoreofthemarkthannecessary;or(3)defendantfalselysuggestedhewassponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.ButifthenominativeusesatisfiesthethreefactorNewKidstest,itdoesn’tinfringe.IfthenominativeusedoesnotsatisfyalltheNewKidsfactors,thedistrictcourtmayorderdefendantstomodifytheiruseofthemarksothatallthreefactorsaresatisfied;itmaynotenjoinnominativeuseofthemarkaltogether.ThedistrictcourtenjoinedtheTabarisfromusing“anyTTTdomainname,servicemark,trademark,tradename,metatagorothercommercialindicationoforiginthatincludesthemarkLEXUS.”Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.Accordingly,“wemustensurethattheinjunctionistailoredtoeliminateonlythespecificharmalleged.”Toupholdthebroadinjunctionenteredinthiscase,wewouldhavetobeconvincedthatconsumersarelikelytobelieveasiteissponsoredorendorsedbyatrademarkholderwheneverthedomainnamecontainsthestringoflettersthatmakeupthetrademark.Inperformingthisanalysis,ourfocusmustbeonthe“‘reasonablyprudentconsumer’inthemarketplace”.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.Theinjunctionhereisplainlyoverbroad—asevenToyota’scounselgrudginglyconcededatoralargument—becauseitprohibitsdomainnamesthatontheirfacedispelanyconfusionastosponsorshiporendorsement.

87.The3factortestfornominativefairuseisNOTdesignedto___.

88.Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementbecause___.

89.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecaninferthat___.

90.WhichofthefollowingisNOTnecessaryforthecourttoupholdthebroadinjunctionmadebythelowercourt?

问题1选项

A.preventamistakenbeliefthattheuseisendorsedbythetrademarkholder

B.resolvethelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeuse

C.dealwiththemistakenbeliefbytheconsumers

D.addresstheriskofnominativeuse

问题2选项

A.itisnotnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

B.acompanymayusemoremarksthannecessary

C.ofacompany’suseofanunnecessarytrademark

D.itisnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

问题3选项

A.theFirstAmendmentconcernswithfreedomofspeech

B.atrademarkinjunctioncaninterferewithtruthfulcommunication

C.atrademarkinjunctionalwaysinvolvesnominativefairuse

D.buyersandsellersareinthemarketplace

问题4选项

A.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace.

B.Theunreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppers

C.Theprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline

D.ThekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’website

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】87.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.（这个测试“评估指称性使用例中混淆的可能性”。它的目的是解决这样一种风险，即商标的提名使用会让消费者误以为说话者是由商标持有人赞助或支持的）可知C选项“处理消费者的错误信念”并不是命名的合理使用的三因素测试设计的目的；A选项“防止错误地认为使用是由商标持有人支持的”，B选项“解决指称性使用混淆的可能性”以及D选项“解决指称性使用的风险”是其测试涉及的目的。因此C选项正确。

88.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.（第三个因素直接说明了这种混淆的风险，而其他因素则间接说明了这一点：如果一家公司使用了不必要的商标或比必要的商标“更多”，消费者可能会合理地推断出赞助或支持）可知选B选项“一个公司可能使用比必要的更多的标志”；A选项“公司没有必要使用商标”，C选项“公司使用不必要的商标”以及D选项“公司使用商标是必要的”不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

89.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到划线句子部分Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.（一项商标禁令，特别是涉及提名的合理使用的禁令，可能会引起《第一修正案》(FirstAmen