考研考博-英语-安徽师范大学皖江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽师范大学皖江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

中国奉行防御性的国防政策，加强国防建设的目的是维护国家主权、安全、领土完整，保障国家和平发展。中国军队始终是维护世界和平的坚定力量，将一如既往的同各国加强军事合作、增进军事互信，参与地区和国际安全事务，在国际政治和安全领域发挥积极作用。

加强高新技术武器装备建设，加快全面建设现代后勤，培养大批高素质新型军事人才，深入开展信息化条件下军事训练，增强基于信息系统的体系作战能力。

【答案】答：

Chinapursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.OurendeavorstostrengthennationaldefenseaimtosafeguardChina’ssovereignty,securityandterritorialintegrityandensureitspeacefuldevelopment.China’sarmedforceshavealwaysbeenastaunchforceupholdingworldpeaceandwillcontinuetoincreasecooperationandmutualtrustwiththearmedforcesofothercountries,participateinregionalandinternationalsecurityaffairs,andthusplayanactiveroleininternationalpoliticalandsecurityfields.

Weshouldstrengthenthedevelopmentofnew-andhigh-technologyweaponsandequipment,speedupthecompletedevelopmentofmodernlogistics,trainanewtypeofhigh-calibermilitarypersonnelinlargenumbers,intensivelycarryoutmilitarytrainingundercomputerizedconditions,andenhanceintegratedcombatcapabilitybasedonextensiveITapplication.

2.单选题

Justasyoudonotwishothersto（

）theirdesiresuponyou,youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife.

问题1选项

A.inflict

B.dispute

C.ridicule

D.antedate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inflict“把……强加给，使承受，遭受”；B选项dispute“辩论，争论”；C选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；D选项antedate“预期，预料，居先”。由后面的“youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife（你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向）”可知A选项与其意思对应。句意：就像你不希望别人把意愿强加在你身上，你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向。

3.单选题

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.

问题1选项

A.presumed

B.propelled

C.presided

D.pricked

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项presume“相信，擅自行为”，B项propel“推进，驱使”，C项preside“主持”，D项prick“戳，扎破”。根据空格前后的关键词meeting（会议）和mayor（市长）可知，空格部分应该表示“主持会议”。句意：会议由市长主持，讨论该市的增税问题。故该题选择C项正确。

4.单选题

Mostoftheleadingfoodshopshavepromisedto（

）pricesuntilafterthenewyear.

问题1选项

A.keepoff

B.keepdown

C.keepout

D.keepback

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。keepoff“让开，不接近”；keepdown“控制，缩减”；keepout“阻止进入”；keepback“留下；隐瞒；阻止”。句意：大部分大食品商店都承诺在新年之前保持低价。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Infact,thecountryhasexhibitedconsiderableflexibility,relaxingitspositiononmany_______issues,

includingagriculturalsubsidies.

问题1选项

A.surpassing

B.commodious

C.contentious

D.judicable

【答案】C

【解析】surpassing胜过的,优秀的;commodious宽敞的,方便的;contentious有争议的,诉讼的;judicable应受审判的。句意：事实上,该国表现出相当大的灵活性,在包括农业补贴在内的许多有争议的问题上放松了立场。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Experiencedbaseballfielderscantellhowfaraballisgoingtotraveljustbylisteningtothecrackofthebat.Iftheydidn't,theywouldn'tstandachanceofcatchingit,claimsaphysicistinNewYork.

“Whenabaseballishitstraightatanoutfielder,hecannotquicklyjudgetheangleofthescentandthedistancetheballwilltravel,”saysRobertAdair,aphysicistatYaleUniversity.Ifhereliedpurelyuponvisualinformation,thefielderwouldhavetowaitforaboutone-and-a-halfsecondsbeforehecouldtellaccuratelyifthepitcherhittheballlongorshort.Bythistimetheballmayhavetraveledtoofarforhimtoreachitintime.

Tostandafightingchanceofcatchingit,accordingtoAdair,fieldersmustlistentothesoundtheballhittingthebattojudgehowfaritwilltravel.Thereisanecdotalevidencetosupportthis,hesays.AformercentrefieldertoldAdair:“IfIheardacrackIranout,ifIheardaclunk,Iranin.”

Totesthishypothesis,Adaircalculatedhowquicklyafieldercouldchangedirectionifhehadmisjudgedwhethertheballwasgoinglongorshort.Thedifferencebetweenthe“crack”and“clunk”canbeexplainedbyhowwellthebatterhashittheball,andcouldmeanadifferenceinrunningdistanceofasmuchas30meters,hetolddelegatesatameetingoftheAcousticalSocietyofAmericaninChicagolastweek.

Scientistsalreadyknewthattohitaballlongthebattermuststrikeitsomewherenearthevibrationalnodeofthebat,knownasthesweetspot.Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.Conversely,mishitballsmakethebatvibratestronglyandsodonottravelasfar.

Adairisquicktopointoutthatthisonlyappliestowoodenbats,whichareusedinmajorleaguebaseball.Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform“ping”soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.

1.AccordingtoRobertAdair,whycan’tanoutfielderrelypurelyonvisualinformation?

2.Fromparagraph3wecaninferthata“crack”maymean().

3.Ifthebatvibratesverylittle,().

4.Adairpointsoutthathistheorycan’tbeappliedtoaluminumbatsbecause().

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Becauseitmaytakelongertimeforhimtoexertjudgment.

B.Becausetheballmaychangedirectionsduringflight.

C.Becausetheballmaybehiteitherlongorshort.

D.Becauselighttravelsfasterthansound.

问题2选项

A.alongball

B.ashortball

C.agoodball

D.amishitball

问题3选项

A.thefielderisunabletocatchthesound

B.theballwilltraveltoashortdistance

C.theballmayreceivegreaterenergy

D.thefieldershouldquicklyrunin

问题4选项

A.the"ping”soundistoovagueforafieldertocatch

B.withthealuminumbatsthebatteralwayshitstheballstronger

C.theydon’tproducedifferentsoundsof“crack”and“clunk”

D.thesoundstheyproducemayinterferewiththefieldersjudgment

问题5选项

A.Hittingtheballtoproducedifferentsoundsisnotaneasymatter.

B.Thesoundofthebatmaygivefieldersmorechancestocatchtheball.

C.Aluminumbatsareinferiortothewoodenones.

D.ThestudyofRobertAdairshockstheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第二段的倒数第二句“Ifhereliedpurelyupon...theballlongorshort.”如果完全依靠视觉信息，守场员要等大约1.5秒才能准确地判断投手的击球是长是短。选项A符合原文。

2.根据下文可知，“crack”and“clunk”是用来判断击球的好坏，所以首先排除选项A和B。当听到“crack”就跑出去，听到“clunk”就跑进来，由此推断，“crack”指没打好的球，“clunk”指好球。

3.根据倒数第二段的倒数第二句“Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.”击中球的最佳位置时，球棒产生的耗能振动更少，从而使球获得更大的能量传递。选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform'ping'soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.”铝棒无论你在哪里击打，都会发出相当均匀的“砰”的一声。也就是说不会像木棒击打的那样发出不同的声音，选项C符合原文。

5.本文主要是讲根据球棒击球时发出声音的不同来判断击球的好坏，从而使得外野手有更多的机会去接球。选项B更能概括全文主题。

7.单选题

IntheageoftheInternet,readersandlibrarianswantliberal（）toinformationon-line;authorsandpublisherswantcontroloverhowtheirintellectualpropertyisdistributed.

问题1选项

A.acquisition

B.access

C.entrance

D.absorption

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。acquisition获得物，获得；access进入，机会；entrance入口；absorption吸收，全神贯注。句意：在互联网时代，读者和图书管理员希望有机会在网上自由地获取信息;作者和出版商希望能够控制他们的知识产权分配问题。accessto有权使用…，有机会进入…。只有B项符合句意。

8.单选题

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

问题1选项

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果一个人谈及自己的缺点，那么他的听众就被期待说一些关于鼓励的话。

考查名词辨析。persuasion说服，劝说;remedy补救，治疗;encouragement鼓励；compromise妥协，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。

9.单选题

NeptuneisaboutthirtytimesasfarfromtheSun（）.

问题1选项

A.istheEarth

B.theEarthis

C.isastheEarth

D.asistheEarth

【答案】D

【解析】考查倍数的表达方式。倍数+as...as...，首先排除选项A和B，前后结构保持一致，所以选项D正确。

10.单选题

Rotationreferstotheturningoftheearth,（）tothemovementaroundthesun.

问题1选项

A.besidesrevolution

B.revolutionrefers

C.andrevolution

D.whilerevolutionreferring

【答案】C

【解析】考查句型结构辨析。A选项besidesrevolution“除了公转”；B选项revolutionrefers“公转”；C选项andrevolution“公转”；D选项whilerevolutionreferring“同时公转意味着”。句意：自转是指地球的转动，……是指围绕太阳的运动。A选项句子不通顺，B选项句子缺少结构，D选项需要加is，根据句意可知C选项正确。

11.单选题

Peterhadhispiano______yesterdayandtheresultisexcellent.

问题1选项

A.tuned

B.turned

C.tied

D.wound

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项tuned“（为乐器）调音，校音”；B选项turned“（使）转动，旋转”；C选项tied“（用线、绳等）系，拴”；D选项wound“使（身体）受伤，（用武器）伤害”。句意：彼得昨天请人给钢琴______，结果很好。根据语境，这里A选项tuned“（为乐器）调音”搭配钢琴比较合理，意思是请人给钢琴调音以后，钢琴弹出来的效果就很好了，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Onlya（

）personwouldbelievesuchanunlikelystoryaboutflyingsaucers.

问题1选项

A.credible

B.credulous

C.nonsensical

D.creditable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项nonsensical“无意义的，荒谬的”；D选项creditable“值得称赞的”。句意：只有易受骗的人才会相信这样一个关于飞碟的不大可能的故事。选项B符合语境。

13.单选题

Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.Theywereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoungpeople'sparentsshooktheirheads.”Youcan'tgetmarriedyet,”theysaid.“Waittillyougetagoodjobwithgoodprospects."Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgoodjobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,ofcourse.Theydidn'thaveahousetoliveinoranyfurniture,butthatdidn'tmatter.Theyoungmanhadagoodjobwithgoodprospects,solargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,somefurniture,ailthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafterpayingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoendsanothermodemromanticfable.

Weliveinamaterialisticsocietyandaretrainedformourearliestyearstobeacquisitive.Ourpossessions,"mine"and"yours"areclearlylabeledfromearlychildhood.Whenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofmoneyyouearn.WespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwiththeJoneses.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,aJonesisboundtobuyabiggerandbetterone.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbesurethatJoneswillgetonebetterandgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthattheJonesesandalltheneighborswhoarestrugglingfranticallytokeepupwiththemarespendingborrowedmoneykindlyprovided,ataSuitablerateofinterest,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,etc.

Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodemindustrydeliberatelysets,outtocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Thewheelofindustrymustbekeptturning.“Built-inobsolescence”providesthemeans:goodaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Younosooneracquirethisyear'smodelthanyouarethinkingaboutitsreplacement.

Thismaterialisticoutlookhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere:i.e.toabiggerwagepacket.Thedemandforskilledpersonnelfarexceedsthesupplyandbigcompaniescompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Temptingsalariesand"fringebenefits"areofferedtothem.Recruitingtacticsofthiskindhaveledtothe"braindrain",theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.WhileMammonisworshippedasneverbefore,therichgetricherandpoor,poorer.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat（）.

2.Theexpression“keepupwiththeJoneses”mightmean（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Wecaninferthatmorepeoplepastacquiredknowledge（）.

6.“Braindrain”means（）.

7.Wecaninferthatbraindrain（）.

问题1选项

A.goodjobwithgoodprospectscanhaveagoodmarriage

B.thosewhoarepoorcan'tmarried

C.poorinloveisbetterthanrichinlove

D.evenmarriageiscloselyrelatedwithmoney

问题2选项

A.maintainahighstandardofachievement

B.preventsomethingfrommoving

C.trytomaintainthesamesocialandmaterialstandardsasone'sneighbors

D.continuetobeincontactwithsomebody

问题3选项

A.moneyseemsextremelyimportanttoday

B.interestinearningmoneyisnotamodemphenomenon

C.moneyisonethere,loveisanother

D.lovewithoutmoneyisafieldwithoutwater

问题4选项

A.KeepUpwiththeJoneses

B.TheOnlyThingPeopleAreInterestedinTodayIsEarningMoreMoney

C.LoveMe,LoveMyDog

D.MoneyMaketheMareGo

问题5选项

A.eagerly

B.foritsownsake

C.forpracticalpurpose

D.passively

问题6选项

A.brainbecomesempty

B.brainhasproblems

C.aprocessinwhichthehighlyskilledpeoplechangetoworkfortheorganizationswhopaythemhigher

D.aprocessbywhichthecleverpeopleareofferedbetterjobs

问题7选项

A.attractsnoattentionfromallthecountries

B.bringsaboutbadeffectstopoorcountries

C.makesrichercountriespoorbecausetheyhavetopaymoretothem

D.isworshipped

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知,本段讲述的是两个很穷的年轻人找到有前途的工作后再结婚,偿清债务后,过上了幸福的生活。作者意在说明即使是婚姻也与金钱密切相关。所以选项D正确。

2.根据下一句的举例：如果我们买一台新电视机,琼斯家的人一定会买一台更大更好的。如果我们买一辆新车,我们可以肯定琼斯会得到一辆更好的。由此可以推断“keepupwiththeJoneses”指的是互相攀比,选项C符合原文。

3.根据最后一段最后一句“Mammonisworshippedasneverbefore...”可知,作者认为现在的金钱对于人们来说似乎极其重要,选项A正确。

4.结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲的是物欲横流的世界中人们以及社会的现状,人们今天唯一感兴趣的是赚更多的钱,选项B最能概括全文,所以正确。

5.根据最后一段的二三句“Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.”现在越来越少的年轻人仅仅为了知识本身而学习知识,更多是为了以后能拿高工资。由此可以推断,过去人们学习是为了自己的利益,而不是为了赚钱,所以选项B正确。

6.根据下文“theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.”高技能人才向出价最高者提供服务的过程。选项C符合原文。

7.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.”“人才流失”使得较富裕的国家剥夺了较贫穷的邻国最有能力的公民。选项B正确。

14.单选题

Thechairmanmadea（）statementbeforetheopeningceremony.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.solitary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项intensive“加强的；集中的；透彻的；加强语气的”；B选项intermediate“中间的，中级的”；C选项preliminary“初步的；开端的；预备性的”；D选项solitary“孤独的；独居的”。句意：在开幕式之前，这位主席做了一个预备性的陈述。根据句意，判断出C选项正确。

15.单选题

Heisnotshyaboutnamingthenamesofthefamouswomenwhohavesuccumbedtohisromantic（）.

问题1选项

A.wields

B.wiles

C.tacit

D.tiles

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项wields“拿着（武器、工具或设备）；掌握（权力）”；B选项wiles“花言巧语；巧计；引诱”；C选项tacit“默许的，心照不宣的”；D选项tiles“（贴墙或铺地用的）瓷砖，地毯，地板；（覆盖屋顶的）瓦片”。句意：他毫不羞于说出那些被他浪漫的（）所征服的著名女性的名字。只有wiles“花言巧语”和romantic“浪漫”可搭配，也符合语境。因此B选项正确。

16.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.,1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.,2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.,3.Neverwill1notdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

StephenWilliamHawking,oneofthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,suffersfromarareslow-progressingformofamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),alsoknownasmotorneurondisease.21.AsALShasmadeStephenWilliamHawkingavirtualprisonerinhisownbody,22.ithaslefthiscourageandhumorintact,hisintellectfreelytoroam.23.Androamitdoes,fromtheinfinitesimaltotheinfinite,fromthesubatomicrealmtothefarreachesofauniverse.Inthecourseofthesementalexpeditions,24.HawkinghasconceivedstartlingnewtheoriesaboutblackholesandthedisorderlyeventsthatimmediatelyfollowedtheBigBanginwhichtheuniversesprang.

25.WithouthiswifeJane,Hawkinghasalwaysemphasized,hiscareermighteverhavesoared.26.ShemarriedhimshortlyafterhediagnosedwithALS,fullyawareofthedreadful,progressivenatureofthedisease,givinghimhopeandthewilltocarryonwithhisstudies.

Theyhadthreechildrenintheearlystagesoftheirmarriage,andlater,27.ashebecameincreasinglydisabled,shedevotedherselftocareforhiseveryneed.28.Afteryearsofapparentlyharmoniousmarriage,therefore,seriousdisagreementsbeganappearing.AsawardspouredinforStephen,Jane—competentandintelligentherself—begantoresentlivinginhisshadow.Deeplyreligious,shewasalsooffendedbyhisdisbeliefoftheexistenceoftheGod.29.Particularlyannoyedtoherwashisconceptthattheuniversemightbecompletelyself-contained,havingnoboundaryoredge,nobeginningorend.Ifthatweretrue,heaskedchallengingly,“Whatplace,then,foracreator?”30.Still,friendswereshockedin1990whenHawkingabruptlyendedtheir25-yearmarriage,movinginwithoneofhisnurse.

【答案】21.As—While/Although

22.freely—free

23.a—the

24.in—from

25.ever—never

26.(he)was(diagnosed)

27.care—caring

28.therefore—however

29.annoyed—annoying

30.nurse—nurses

【解析】21.

as引导让步状语从句时主句需要部分倒装，而句子是陈述语气所以需要把as换成although或者while。

22.

intellect是名词，但是freely是副词，副词一般修饰动词不修饰名词，所以应该把freely改为其形容词形式。

23.

universe是专属名词，表示的是独一无二的事物，所以不能用不定冠词修饰，所以应该把不定冠词改为定冠词。

24.

定语从句中关系代词前的介词主要是根据后面的动词或者形容词的搭配来确定的，从句中的动词只有sprang（spring的过去分词），这里从句句意是“宇宙起源于（大爆炸）”，由此这里的介词应该是from，和spring组成固定搭配springfrom“起源于”。

25.

这里根据句意应该是“霍金总是强调，没有他的气质，他的事业不会起飞”，所以这里的ever应该改为否定词never。

26.

这里霍金应该是被诊断出患上渐冻症，所以应该加上助动词。

27.

这里根据固定搭配devoteoneselftodoing/n.所以应该把care改为caring。

28.

在多年表面和谐的婚姻之后，两人之间剧烈的分歧开始出现了。两个分句之间不存在因果或者顺承关系，应该是转折关系，所以应该把therefore改为however。

29.

annoyed“感到生气的”，一般用来形容人Sheishurtandannoyedthattheauthoritieshavebannedherfromworkingwithchildren.“她因当局禁止她做儿童工作而伤心恼怒”，因为政府不让她从事儿童工作，所以她感到恼怒，这时annoyed是用来形容人，生气的人。

annoying“令人生气的”，一般用来形容物，Hermostannoyinghabitwaseatingwithhermouthopen“她最让人讨厌的习惯就是张着嘴吃东西”，她张嘴吃饭这个习惯令人很讨厌，这里annoying是形容习惯，让人生气的习惯。

根据句意来说是他对宇宙的猜想让她感到生气，这里形容词应该是形容概念，所以应该把annoyed改为annoying。

30.

oneof后面需要加名词的复数形式，所以nurse后面应该用复数形式，根据句意也可以理解虽然霍金只能跟一个人结婚，但是他的护士绝对不止一个。

17.单选题

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

问题2选项

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

问题3选项

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

问题4选项

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

问题5选项

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】文章第一段提到动作的氧化代谢率对它们生存方式造成的影响（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解释无氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了无氧糖酵解的不足以及对动物的生存产生的影响。综上所述，选项B符合题意。

文章第三段第一句提到了补偿的局限性（therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出动物由于无氧糖酵解所导致的大量能量消耗必须得到补偿，然后又通过小松鼠为例来说明小型动物补偿的时间短，而大型动物则需要很长的时间才能完成补偿，这就是补偿的局限性。选项B符合题意。

文章第二段第二句话Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了无氧糖酵解与动物体型的关系。随后举了恐龙的例子来解释说明肌肉越多，糖原质的含量就越多，体型大，肌肉多，选项D符合题意。

文章主要介绍无氧糖酵解对动物的生存产生的影响，没有使用一些非常晦涩难懂的专业知识，因此作者最可能针对的是刚刚接触相关学科的人群。选项A符合题意。

文章主要提及了氧化代谢率较低的大型动物的不利原因。作者通过举了恐龙这种大型动物来说明自己的观点，比如一只100吨重的恐龙可以通过无氧糖酵解产生3000个人进行氧化新陈代谢（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）产生的最大的能量，从而保证大型动物能在激烈的丛林中生存。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.

问题1选项

A.slight

B.periodic

C.enduring

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slight轻微的，少量的B.periodic间发性的，周期性的

C.enduring持久的，能忍受的D.temporary暂时的，临时的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前半句句意“太阳偶尔会冲破云层”，可以推测划线单词intermittent应该表示“间歇性的，断断续续的”；B选项词义与划线单词最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】因为阵雨是断断续续的，所以太阳偶尔会冲破云层。

19.单选题

Humble（）itmaybe,thereisnoplacemorelikehome.

问题1选项

A.although

B.as

C.how

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查让步状语从句。句子用了倒装，把形容词提前到句首，只有as或者though有这个用法，although没有。as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.由as引导的让步状语从句，强调表语humble。句意：尽管这里是简陋的，但是没有一个地方比它更像家。所以本题选择B选项正确。

20.单选题

Shelaterconfessedthatshedidn’treallyworkoutthesolutionbyworkinghardonit.Insteadshe（）itwhenshewasdoingsomethingelse.

问题1选项

A.fellbackon

B.stumbleupon

C.fellshortof

D.squeezeoutof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组含义辨析。A选项fellbackon“依赖；依靠于……”；B选项stumbleupon“偶遇；偶然发现”；C选项fellshortof“缺乏；达不到”；D选项squeezeoutof“榨出；挤出”。句意：她承认她并不真的是因为努力思考而得出的方案，而是在做其他事情的时候……想到的。说明她想出的方案是碰巧灵感来了才出现的。因此B选项符合题意。

21.单选题

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

问题1选项

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题干关键词partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此两个原因应该用并列连词and连接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引导第一个原因，后面可用becauseof与其并列。故选D项。句意：地心说在17世纪被抛弃，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因为其他天文学家的观测结果。

22.单选题

ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman（）

PrinceHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15th

century.

问题1选项

A.was

B.named

C.being

D.called

【答案】B

【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致,

若不一致时,

则要加上自己的逻辑主语。选项B正确。句意：葡萄牙人非常赞赏一个人,

因为他促进了海上旅行,

这个人就是生活在15世纪的航海家亨利王子。

23.单选题

Povertyanddomesticviolencemakeiteasyforhertotrustthatbadthingswillhappenandtakethis（）happinessaway.

问题1选项

A.adversary

B.vulgar

C.fragile

D.superfluous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。adversary敌手，对手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：贫穷和家庭暴力让她很容易相信坏事会发生，并带走这种脆弱的幸福。只有选项C符合句意。

24.单选题

Hehadgoneawayonbusinessandwouldnotreturntothehoteluntilthenextday.Ishouldhavetowaittill（）Icouldthankhimforthepresent.

问题1选项

A.afterwards

B.then

C.thenbefore

D.thentherefore

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他出差去了，第二天才会回旅馆。我应该等到那个时候才能表达对他送我礼物的感谢。分析题干结构，根据关键词till可知空白处首先应填入—个与thenextday意思相似的副词，即then；另外“Icouldthankhimforthepresent”这部分为时间状语，引导词应该用before，故答案选项为C。

25.单选题

Thepeople