考研考博-英语-安徽黄梅戏艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽黄梅戏艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

JosephWeizenbaum,professorofcomputerscienceatMIT,thinksthatthesenseofpoweroverthemachineultimatelycorruptsthecomputerhackerandmakeshimintoanotverydesirablesortofprogrammer.34.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon’tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.Theyrarelykeeprecordsoftheirprogramsforthebenefitofothers,andtheyrarelytaketimetounderstandwhyaproblemoccurred.

Computerscienceteacherssaytheycanusuallypickouttheprospectivehackersintheircoursesbecausethesestudentsmaketheirhomeworkassignmentsmorecomplexthantheyneedtobe.Ratherthanusingthesimplestandmostdirectmethod,theytakejoyinaddingextrastepsjusttoprovetheiringenuity.

Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.”

Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.If,asmanypsychiatristssay,playisreallythebasisforallhumanactivity,thenthehackergamesarereallythepreparationforfuturedevelopments.SherryTurkle,aprofessorofsociologyatMIT,hasforyearsbeenstudyingthewaycomputersfitintopeople’slives.Shepointsoutthatthecomputer,becauseitseemstoustobeso“intelligent”，so“capable”，so“human”，affectsthewaywethinkaboutourselvesandourideasaboutwhatweare.Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.

“Theyoungsterscanformasmanysubtlenuances（细微差距）andtexturedrelationshipswiththecomputersastheycanwithpeople.”Turklepointsout.

1.Thepassagetellsabout（）.

2.AccordingtoProf.Weizenbaum,whatledtothehackers’strangebehavioris（）.

3.InProf.Dertouzos’opinion,weknowthat（）.

4.Thephrase“todevelopanidentity”（Para.4）means（）.

5.Thepassagetriestoconveytoitsreaderstheideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.thestrangebehaviorofthecomputerhackers

B.theultimateimportanceofbringinglipcomputerhackers

C.differentopinionsconcerningthehackerphenomenon

D.theemergenceofcomputerhackers

问题2选项

A.theirstrongdesiretocontrolthecomputer

B.theirignoranceoftheresponsibilityofaprogrammer

C.theirincompetenceinmakingnewcomputerprograms

D.theirdeliberateattemptstomaketheirprogramscomplexandimpracticable

问题3选项

A.computerindustrywillcertainlymakemultimillionairesofthehackers

B.thehackersarelikelytobeverysuccessfulbusinessmen

C.thehackersprobablyhavebetterinsightintothefuturethanotherpeople

D.onlyafewhackerswillbesuccessfulintheirlaterlife

问题4选项

A.tobecomedistinguished

B.toseekananswer

C.tobuildupacreativeability

D.toformahabit

问题5选项

A.perhapsthehackerphenomenonisnotbadatall

B.thoughthehackersareinfactplayingwiththecomputer,theremaybesomebenefits

C.thecomputerhackersarethehopeofthecomputerindustryoftomorrow

D.thecomputerhackerscouldbeusefulifunderproperguidance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了不同人士（Joseph，电脑老师等）对黑客的看法，故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。由“Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.从这个角度来看，黑客现象也许并没有那么奇怪。可知该题答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。麻省理工学院教授迈克尔•德图佐斯表示:“在麻省理工学院，那个曾经不得不被人从椅子上拽下来的黑客，如今已成为计算机行业的千万富翁。”两位前黑客成为了非常成功的苹果家用电脑公司的创始人。”可知这些黑客都成为了计算机行业的顶级成功人士，他们都是想控制电脑。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome.但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。”可知C项“这些黑客可能对于未来比其他人有更好的洞察力”正确。

4.词义题。由第四段“Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.她说，电脑和电脑玩具已经在孩子们努力发展特性的过程中发挥了重要作用，因为它们可以让孩子们测试关于什么是有生命的想法。故todevelopanidentity是指孩子通过寻找答案来发展自己的特性。故B项正确。

5.推理判断题。作者在本文提到了黑客有着与普通人不一样的洞察力，他们会把程序编得很复杂，目的只是为了控制电脑。并且文中提到了不少黑客已经成为计算机行业的顶级成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客与大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描绘的黑客形象并没有那么恶劣。故A项正确。

2.单选题

Technologicaldevelopments（）newskillsinmanyindustries，leavingthoseworkerswithoutdatedskillsoutofwork.

问题1选项

A.necessitate

B.associate

C.negotiate

D.differentiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项necessitate“使成为必要，需要”，B选项associate“联想，联系”，C选项negotiate“谈判，商议”，D选项differentiate“区分，使有差别”。句意：技术的发展使许多行业产生了新技能，使那些拥有过时技能的工人失业。因此，A选项符合句意。

3.单选题

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

（）.

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.

问题1选项

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

问题2选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

问题3选项

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

问题4选项

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

问题5选项

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（这是一个连锁反应，一个连锁失败的多米诺骨牌效应。）”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.（这次停电并不是由传染性电疾病引起的；它是由网格对这种疾病威胁的免疫反应引起的。换句话说，电网遭受了剧烈的过敏反应，一种过敏性休克。）”由此可知这次停电是一次过敏反应。A选项“连锁故障”；B选项“电传染病”；D选项“病毒攻击”说法都不正确，只有C选项“严重的过敏反应”符合题意，因此C选项正确。

2.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（大多数评论家没有正面回答这个问题，而是用了一些常见的比喻：这是一个连锁反应，一个连锁失败的多米诺骨牌效应。）”以及第二段作者说到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.（但这也不是一个正确的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不认同多数评论家的比喻。A选项“积极的”不正确；B选项“消极的”正确；C选项“中立的”以及D选项“讽刺的”都不是作者的态度，因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.（现在需要的是一种更微妙、更协调的反应模式。）”。A选项“开发一个新的系统来协调所有的发电厂”；C选项“让每个发电厂独立于其他电厂”和D选项“系统过载时暂停供电”都不符合题意，只有B选项“建立一个更好的系统，使每个发电厂更加灵敏”符合题意，因此B选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.（诚然，这样一个分布式控制系统将花费数十亿美元，而且在这个放松管制的时代，能源公司将没有什么动力联合起来建设它，尤其是当最大的钱在发电上的时候。）”，由此可知该分布式控制系统并不受能源公司的欢迎。A选项“受到所有能源公司的欢迎”说法错误；B选项“对能源公司没有吸引力”说法正确；C选项“阻止这样的停电是没有用的”以及D选项“危害国家安全”文中均没有提到。因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.（也许前景黯淡，但却是现实的。）”，由此可知虽然该措施看起来可行，但是前景黯淡。A选项“一定会对电网造成灾难性的破坏”；B选项“通过反复的练习会变得完美”；D选项“随着时间的推移被逐出改善”都不符合题意，只有C选项“看似现实，实则不可行”符合题意，因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,itswindow______thesportsground.

问题1选项

A.overlooks

B.overlooking

C.overlooked

D.tooverlook

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：他们的房间在三楼，从窗户可以俯瞰运动场。逗号前句子结构完整，逗号后阐述的对象换成itswindow并且和overlook构成主谓关系，但是没有引导词来构成从句，确定考查独立主格结构。根据itswindow和overlook构成主动关系，确定用现在分词形式，B选项overlooking符合题意。A选项overlooks是一般现在时第三人称单数，C选项overlooked是过去分词，表示被动，D选项tooverlook是不定式结构，表示目的。因此B选项正确。

5.不定项选择题

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

问题2选项

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

问题3选项

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

问题4选项

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

问题5选项

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节推断题。根据题干中的STM可以将答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本题问记忆是如何进入短时记忆中的。第一段第四句提到，“进入短时记忆的信息是通过感觉储存区域传递到那里的。”并在下文解释说，“大脑有一个过滤机制，只允许当下有用的刺激通过，传递到短时记忆中。”由此可见，选项B“它们从感觉储存区域被过滤”是正确答案。其他三项文中均未提及。

第2题:细节题。题干说科学家认为普通人如何在短时间内记住更多的信息？通过题干我们可以定位到第二段，第二段的主旨就是讲如何记住更多的信息，我们再看到第二段的最后一句，“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”这里提示了我们答案为A，也就是重新组织我们需要记忆的东西可以帮助我们提升短时间的记忆容量。

第3题:作者意图题。问题是：作者写“狗叫”的目的是什么，前文我们可以看到，“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”，作者说这种类型的记忆一旦被打断就会被忘掉，之后举例给了一个情景来描述这个现象，他说当一个人在想通过重复读来记下一个电话号码时，如果被门铃或狗叫打断，那么他就会忘记那个他一直通过重复朗读而记下来的号码；那么这里的“dogbark”就是一种打断的方式，因此B正确。

第4题:事实细节题。根据题干的关键词我们定位到最后一段，A项就是上文讲的重点，因此保留；B项不对，这个方法确实是方法之一，但是文章并没有说它是最有效的；C项与原文正好相反；D项为无关项，因此答案为A。

第5题:细节推断题。问选项正确与否，我们需要四个选项都看。A项，死记硬背在第二段就被作者否定了，因为一旦被打断就无法记住，因此A错误；B项是无关项，全文都没有提过要写下来信息，因此B错误；C项是正确的，最后一段的倒数第二句是提示点；D项错误，文章只是说多选题可以考查的信息比较多，但是并没有说它是最难的，没有论据支持，错误，答案为C。

6.单选题

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

问题1选项

A.inmemoryof

B.insearchof

C.incontrolof

D.inneedof

【答案】C

【解析】A选项“纪念”；B选项“寻找，搜寻”；C选项“控制，管理”；D选项“需要”，根据句意‘我们仍然在控制这里的一切，但我不能保证这个情况会这样持续下去’确定C选项正确。

7.单选题

MostAmericansbelievethatoursocietyofconsumption-happy,fun-loving,jet-travelingpeoplecreatesthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.Irefusetoidentifyfunwithpleasure,excitementwithjoy,businesswithhappiness,orthefaceless,buck-passing"organizationman"withanindependentindividual.

Fromthiscriticalviewourratesofalcoholism,suicideanddivorce,aswellasjuveniledelinquency,gangrule,actsofviolenceandindifferencetolife,arecharacteristicsymptomsofour“pathologyofnormalcy”.Itmaybearguedthatallthesepathologicalphenomenaexistbecausewehavenotyetreachedouraim,thatofanaffluentsociety.Itistrue,wearestillfarfrombeinganaffluentsociety.Butthematerialprogressmadeinthelastdecadesallowsustohopethatoursystemmighteventuallyproduceamateriallyaffluentsociety.Yetwillwebehappierthen?TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging:Sweden,asisoftenpointedout,inspiteofallitsmaterialsecurityhasthehighestalcoholismandsuicideratesinEurope,whileamuchpoorercountrylikeIrelandranksamongthelowestintheserespects.Coulditbethatourdreamthatmaterialwelfareperseleadstohappinessisjustapipedream?

Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthatthegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch.Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend.itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.

Eachsocietycreatesitsowntypeofpersonalitybyitswayofbringingupchildreninthefamily,byitssystemofeducation,byitseffectivevalues(thatis,thosevaluesthatarerewardedratherthanonlypreached.)Everysocietycreatesthetypesof“socialcharacter”whichisneededforitsproperfunctioning.Itformsmenwhowanttodowhattheyhavetodo.Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?

Itneedsmenwhocooperatesmoothlyinlargegroups,whowanttoconsumemoreandmoreandwhosetastesarestandardizedandcanbeeasilyinfluencedandanticipated.Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected,tofitintothesocialmachinewithoutfriction;menwhocanbeguidedwithoutforce,ledwithoutleaders,promptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.

1.TheauthorusestheexampleofSwedeninthesecondparagraphtoshowthat（）.

2.Comparedwiththinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies,peopletoday（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichtypeofindividualmightbemostwelcomeintoday’ssociety?

5.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto（）.

问题1选项

A.anaffluencesocietywillbefreefromthosepathologicalphenomena

B.SwedenisabettersocietythananyotherinEurope

C.aprosperouscountywillhavehigheralcoholismandsuicideratesthanapoorcountry

D.happinesshasnothingtodowithmaterialwelfare

问题2选项

A.aremoreconcernedabouthowtobringintofullplaypeople'spotentials

B.carelessaboutthematerialthingsoflifethanaboutthespiritualthings

C.regardmaterialthingsthemostimportantinlife

D.haveabsolutecontroloftheworld

问题3选项

A.theauthorstronglyopposeseconomicproduction

B.theauthorisinfavoroftheideologyofthethinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies

C.theauthorisafollowerofNietzsche

D.theauthorthinksthatprioritiesshouldbegiventoeconomicproduction

问题4选项

A.Peoplewhoarerebellious

B.Peoplewhohavetheorganizingability.

C.Peoplewhoareconformists.

D.Peoplewhocanoperatemachinesproperly.

问题5选项

A.describe

B.inform

C.narrate

D.comment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提出了问题:物质进步和人们的幸福之间是否有联系？随后通过列举Sweden的例子进行了回答:TheexampleofSweden...isnotveryencouraging(发生在瑞典的例子却并不是那么振奋人心)。由此可知瑞典的例子说明了物质的富裕与人们的幸福之间没有直接联系。因此D项“幸福与物质福利没有多大关系”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。A:更关注如何充分发挥人的潜能。B:不重视物质生活而更重视精神生活。C:视物质财富为生命中最重要的事。D:已经绝对掌控世界。第三段指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofmannotanend.Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends(对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结。但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了)。以及:...manisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(人死了，活着的是组织和机器；人成了它们的奴隶，而不是主人)。由此可知，A项和D项错误。B项不符合原文所述。因此C项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。第三段开头先是介绍了18、19世纪人文思想家的观点:thegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch(人生的目标是充分展示个人潜在的能力；对他们来说重要的是人本身的价值，而并非占有和使用才是人的价值)。而后指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend(对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结)。此后是转折部分:Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了。现如今，不仅是‘上帝已死’（尼采在19世纪所说），而且人也已经死了，活着也就是组织机构和机器。并且人已经变成了这些机构和机器的奴隶而不是主人)。由此推测，作者支持18、19世纪人文思想家的观点，但是作者并未表现出对经济成果的偏倚态度。故选B。

第4题:细节事实题。作者在第四段结尾提出问题:Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?(我们这个大规模的、官僚主义的工业化社会需要的是什么样的人群呢?)。而在最后一段对这种人群进行了说明:whosetastesarestandardized(品位标准化)。以及:...yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected(乐意被指挥，乐意按照他人意愿做事)。由此可知现代社会需要的人是一些墨守成规的人，故选C。

第5题:判断推理题。文章开头提出:大多数人认为物质发展给社会带来了诸多幸福，但是作者持相反态度。接下来便是论证观点:物质财富并不能带来欢乐，本文是评论性质的文章，故选D项。

8.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsofourlifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons,apossibilitypeopleareawareof.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaremoreproudofthanfrightenedbythegadgetsofmassdestruction.Also,theyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventsthemfromfeelinganxiousaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

【答案】我们生活中最奇怪的一个方面是，人们普遍不关心核武器可能带来彻底毁灭的危险，而人们也知道这种可能性。我认为，可以解释为，他们对大规模毁灭性武器与其说感到害怕，不如说感到自豪。此外，他们对个人失败和被羞辱的可能性是如此恐惧，以至于他们对个人事务的焦虑阻碍了他们去担忧每个人、每件事都可能被摧毁的可能性。也许彻底的毁灭比完全的不安全感和无休止的个人焦虑更有吸引力。

9.不定项选择题

MostBritishnewspapersarenotnecessarilycarefulaboutlanguage,buttheyarecarefulaboutbadwordsanyway.Thephrase“familynewspaper”isaninevitablepartofourlives.Newspapersarenotinthebusinessofgivingunjustifiedoffence.Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts.Therearemanyothernecessarylimitations,andmostoftheseconcerntimeandspace.

NewspapershavedominatedsportswritinginBritainforyears.Buttenyearsago,anewplayerenteredthegame.Thiswasthephenomenonofmen’smagazines.GQwasthepioneeranditleadsthewaystill,leavingtherestpantingdistantlyinitswake.

Sports,ofcourse,ablindinglyobvioussubjectforamen’smagazine—butitcouldnotbetackledinablindinglyobviousway.Certainly,oneofthefirstthingsGQwasabletoofferwasanewwayofwritingaboutsport,butthiswasno