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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宣化科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Sadly,theGiantPandaisoneofthemanyspeciesnowindangerof().
问题1选项
A.extinction
B.migration
C.destruction
D.extraction
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。extinction“灭绝,消灭”;migration“迁移,移民”;destruction“毁灭”;extraction“取出,抽出”。句意:令人悲伤的是,大熊猫现在成了濒临灭绝的动物种类之一。A项符合题意。
2.单选题
IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies’livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990s,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedstateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl,whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters—andtheowls—wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.
Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.
Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingEarth’sbiologicaldiversityisacomplexproblem.Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.
1.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissue?
2.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests(
).
3.Amonghumanity’scurrentproblem,thechiefconcernofthescientistis(
).
4.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis(
).
问题1选项
A.Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.
B.Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.
C.Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.
D.Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.
问题2选项
A.mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitstightagainstpoverty
B.benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries
C.shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation
D.willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries
问题3选项
A.theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries
B.theexplosionofthehumanpopulation
C.thereductionofbiologicaldiversity
D.theeffectofglobalwarming
问题4选项
A.todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity’scurrentproblems
B.topointoutthedifferentviewsonhumanity'scurrentproblems
C.toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrentproblems
D.topresentthathumanity’scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.(这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来)可知C选项“因为它影响到某些群体的利益”符合题意。
2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.(但是,随着人口快速增长,开垦土地以暂时避免贫苦和饥荒恶化,发展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗)可知A选项“可能会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷作斗争”符合题意。
3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.(对地球而言,许多与科学家有关的变化都有可能夺去植物的生物多样性)可知C选项“生物多样性的减少”符合题意。
4.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.(但是,解决人类当前的问题,只有通过协调一致的国际努力来控制人类人口,稳定大气层的组成,并保存完整的地球复杂的生命网)可知D选项“表达现在人类当前的问题只有通过各国的合作才能解决”符合题意。
3.单选题
Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;justasourpresentillnesseshavebeenquitedifferentfromthoseofthenineteenthcentury.Althoughourhealthisimprovinginmanywaysandwearelivinglongerthaninpreviousdecades,newdiseasesandconditionsthreatenthequalityofourlives.Wehavealreadyobservedsomesignificantchangesinthe1980sthatforetoldwhathealthproblemslieaheadinthetwenty-firstcentury:
Diseasesoftheimmunesystem,notjustAIDSbutvariousconditionsofadeficientoroveractiveimmunesystem,havereachedepidemicproportions.
Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromviralconditionsthatareincurablewithconventionaltherapiesisincreasing,andthenumberofnewlydefinedviralconditions,suchastheEpstein-BarrVirusandcytomegalovirus,isalsoincreasingsignificantly.
Moreandmorebacterialinfectionsarebecomingresistanttocommonlyusedantibioticsandarerequiringstrongerantibiotics,whichalsoarenetalwayssuccessfulincuringtheinfections.
Allergiestofoods,tocommonsubstancessuchasanimalhairsandhousedust,andtonewchemicalsarebecomingmoreprevalent.OneinsevenAmericanshadanallergyin1950,asmanyasoneinfivehadanallergyin1970,andapproximately75millionAmericans,ornearlyoneinthree,hadanallergyin1985.
Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thepercentageofchildrenunder17yearsofagewhoarelimitedinactivityduetochronicconditionsincreasedby86%from1967to1979.
Mentaldiseaseisaffectingmoreandmorepeople.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthestimatedin1984thatoneineveryfiveAmericanshadamentaldisorder.Thissamestudyrevealedthat,duringasix-monthperiod,8.3%ofAmericanssufferedfromananxietydisorder,6.4%hadanalcoholordrugproblem,and6%hadamooddisorder.
Inadditiontothesevarioustrends,oneofthemoresignificantfactsthatwillaffectthefutureofhealthcareisthatlargerpercentageofthepopulationwillbeover65yearsold.AccordingtoprojectionsbytheUSBureauoftheCensus,thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationOver65in1985willhavedoubledby2030.
Futuristsgenerallyassumethattwenty-firstcenturymedicinewillincludenewandmore-powerfuldrugsandvariousinnovativetechnologicalinterventions.However,futuriststendtoignoretheseriousproblemspresentlyarisingfromconventionalmedications.Accordingto1986statistics,theaverageAmericanreceives7.5prescriptionsayeahThisisaparticularlyfrighteningnumberbecauseweallknowtherearepeoplewhohavenotbeenprescribedanymedicationsinthepastyear,whichmeansthatsomeoneelseisgettingtheir7.5drugs.
Sincemostdrugshavesideeffects,someofwhicharequiteserious,andsincethesickpersonisoftenprescribedseveraldrugsatthesametime,anyofwhichmayhaveevengreaterpotentialforsideeffects,itisnowonderthat50%ofthetimepeopledonotevengettheirdrugprescriptionsfilled.Additionallyvariousstudieshaveindicatedthat25%to90%ofthetimepatientsmakeerrorsinadministeringthemedicines.Despitetherespectthatpeoplegenerallyshowinwardpresent-dayphysicians,theredoesnotseemtobeequalconfidenceinthetreatmentstheyprescribe.
1.Thatdiseasesofthe21stcenturyaredifferentfromthoseof20thcenturyis().
2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdiseasesoftheimmunesystem?
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
4.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat().
5.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,in1984,().
问题1选项
A.whatscientistsareworriedabout
B.awell-groundedstatement
C.drawnonchangesinthemedicalprofession
D.notnecessarilytrue
问题2选项
A.TheyrefertoAIDSonly.
B.Theybecomeepidemicinthe21stcentury.
C.Theycropupinvariousorgans.
D.Theymakepatientsoveractiveandfeelrestless.
问题3选项
A.Casesofchronicdisabilityincreasedbyanalarmingrateof86%inthelate1980s.
B.Chronicdisabilityusedtoaffectoldpeopleonly.
C.Chronicdisabilitycausessomepeopletobelimitedinactivity.
D.Chronicdisabilityhasincreasedgreatlyamongtheteenagers.
问题4选项
A.manyofthe21stcenturydiseasesarecloselyrelatedtotheenvironment
B.theaveragelifespanwillbecomestilllongerdespiteallthefuturediseases
C.man'sabilitytoresistdiseaseswillnotchangewithtime
D.peopleofthe21stcenturyknowbetterhowtomakefulluseoftheirprescribedmedicine.
问题5选项
A.25%oftheAmericanshadamentaldisorder
B.doctorspredictedthatthementalcaseswouldbedeclininginthe21thcentury
C.thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationover65withmentaldisorderswasdoubled
D.casesofmentaldisordersincreasedquickly
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】1.本题可采用排除法。选项A在文中没有提及科学家们的担心,所以不正确;根据第一段第一句“Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;”可知选项D错误;结合全文内容可知,本文讲述的是20世纪存在的事实,由此可知是对21世纪的推测,所以选项B表述也不正确;只有选项C正确。
2.根据第二段的内容可知,免疫系统疾病,不仅是艾滋病,甚至包括免疫系统缺陷或过度活跃的各种情况,都已达到流行病的程度。选项B符合原文。
3.根据第六段第一句“Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.”可知,选项B不正确。
4.根据倒数第三段第一句,除了这些不同的趋势之外,影响医疗保健未来的一个更重要的事实是,65岁以上的人口比例将更大。也就是说,尽管未来会有各种疾病,但人类的平均寿命将会变得更长。选项B符合原文。
5.根据关键词“theNationalInstituteofMentalHealth”定位到倒数第四段,根据上下文,精神疾病正在影响越来越多的人,每五个美国人中就有一个患有精神障碍。由此可知,精神疾病的病例迅速增加。选项D符合原文。
4.翻译题
从某种意义上讲,现代生活方式使人们彼此疏远,人与人之间仅存在一种有限责任。事实上,只要我们彼此履行了各自的有限责任,至于他人干什么,想什么,我们根本不在乎。人们不会再为朋友两肋插刀,一生一世的朋友也不复存在,因为现代社会的朋友关系是建立在共同利益的基础上,当利害关系改变时,朋友关系也定会改变,在一个正在经受着历史巨变的社会中,人的利害关系如果不瞬息万变,那才是怪事呢。
【答案】参考译文:
Inasense,themodernwayoflifealienatespeoplefromeachother,andthereisonlyalimitedliabilitybetweenpeople.Infact,aslongaswefulfillourlimitedresponsibilitiesrespectively,wewillnotkeepinmindwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneorthought.Thewillingnesstodedicatelivestofriendsandthefriendshipthroughthelifetimearenolongerinexistence,becausethefriendshipsinmodernsocietyaresetuponthebasicofcommonbenefits.Withthetransformationofinterests,friendshipwillbeboundtochange.Inasocietywhichisundergoinganenormoushistoricalchange,itisnotsurprisingtofindtheever-changingbenefitbasedrelationshipbetweenpeople.
5.单选题
Thedefinitionofaestheticpleasureisapopularsubjectformanydifferentfields.Inthefollowing,adaptedfromanarticlefoundinasciencejournal,aphysicistdiscussestheuniqueperspectivethathisdisciplineallowshim.
Sincetimeimmemorial,countlessscholarshaveaskedthequestion:Whatisbeauty?Asphilosophersengageinweightydiscourses,designersupdatethelatestfashions,andartistscreatetheirmasterpieces,whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace.Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn’shavetakenherplace.However,aestheticvaluesnotonlydifferfromgenerationtogeneration,butdosoalongculturallinesaswell.TheconventionsthatgovernpaintingandmusicvarygreatlyfromEasttoWest.Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttooncivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.
Asfundamentalphysicists,mycolleaguesandIliketobelievethatweareinvolvedinasearchforabeautythatdoesnotremainimpervioustodefinition.Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.Thosenotinvolvedwithphysicstendtothinkofitasapreciseandpredictivescience—certainlynotafieldofstudyfitforthecontemplationofthebeautiful.Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.
Intruth,sincethedaythatAlbertEinsteinfirstproposedthenotionthattheremightbeoneoverarchingphysicaltheorythatgovernstheuniverse,aestheticshavebecomeadrivingforceinmodernphysics.WhatEinsteinandwe,ashisintellectualdescendants,havediscoveredisthis:Nature,asitsmostfundamentallevel,isbeautifullyconstructed.Theremarkablesimplicityofthelawsthatgovernstheuniverseis,attimes,nothingshortofbreath-taking.Andateverystep,asnewdiscoveriesandtechnologiesallowustoexaminethephysicalworldondeeperanddeeperlevels,wefindthatthebeautyitselfbecomesmoreprofound.AsEinsteinhimselfsaid,itwouldseemmorelikelythatweshouldfindourselveslivinga“chaoticworld,innowaygraspablethroughthinking.”Yethereweare,closerthanevertoafullunderstandingoftheuniverse’sbeautifulclockwork.
31.Thereferenceto“MarilynMonroe”inParagraph1primarilyservesto______.
32.Theauthor’sassertioninParagraph1(“whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother”)suggeststhat______.
33.AsusedinParagraph2,thephrase“laiddown”mostnearlymeans______.
34.Theauthorusesthewords“ephemeral”and“Nature”(Paragraph2)inorderto______.
35.Inthecourseofoutliningthevariousgiftsofphysics,theauthorcitesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.
问题1选项
A.provideanexampleoftoday’sstandardsofbeauty
B.discussherabilitiesasanactress
C.demonstratehowsusceptibleaestheticsaretochange
D.comparetraditionsofEastandWest
问题2选项
A.culturesarenaturallydestinedtoclash
B.manycivilizationsarepronetodisgustingbehavior
C.individualstendtodisagreeonwhattheyfindbeautiful
D.itisnearlyimpossibletosaywhatistrulybeautiful
问题3选项
A.created
B.rested
C.slept
D.secured
问题4选项
A.contrasttheconceptofimpermanentbeautywiththebeautyforwhichphysicssearches
B.evaluatetheeffectivenessofphysicsasanartform
C.discusshowphysicistsvisualizebeauty
D.criticizepeoplewhodon’tunderstandphysics
问题5选项
A.theabilitytolookforabeautythatisunchanging
B.appreciatingthevisualbeautyofawavecrashing
C.agreatercomprehensionofNature’sways
D.seeingadeeperdesigninnaturalevents
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:A
【解析】31.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“第一段中提到的玛丽莲梦露主要是用来……”。定位到第一段第三句Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;Today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn’shavetakenherplace.(50年前,丰满的玛丽莲梦露体现了美国人的审美价值;如今,一群外貌与玛丽莲大相径庭的好莱坞女演员取代了她的位置),结合前一句whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace(被认为是美的东西在以惊人的速度变化)可知,第一段提到玛丽莲梦露是用来举例说明美的变化,C项“说明美学是如何变化的”正确。A项“提供一个今天的审美标准的例子”为反向干扰,玛丽莲梦露是50年前的审美标准。B项“讨论她作为演员的能力”和D项“比较东方和西方的传统”没提到,属于无中生有。因此,该题选择C项。
32.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“作者在第1段的断言‘whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother’表明……”。定位到第一段倒数第二句Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttooncivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.(通常,在文明上被认为是排斥的东西是另一个文明的审美情趣的顶峰),根据下一句Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.(因此,在人类设计领域,对美的绝对定义的探索充其量也是难以捉摸的)可知,在不同的文明中审美标准不同,所以对美的定义很难确定,由thus可知,这一句是作者在第一段的断言的结论,故D项“几乎不可能说出什么是真正的美丽”正确。A项“文化冲突是天生的”属于无中生有,文中没有提到文化冲突。B项“许多文明都倾向于令人作呕的行为”曲解原文,文中只是提到在一个文明中排斥的东西在另一个文明中是审美顶峰,并没有说这就是一种令人作呕的行为。C项“每个人对他们认为美丽的事物往往意见不一”属于无中生有,在这里并没有提到个人对美丽事物的不同意见。因此,该题选择D项。
33.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“正如第2段中使用的,短语laiddown最可能的意思是……”。定位第二段第二句Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.(我们所寻找的美,不是那些通过人们的工作而laiddown的美,也不是那些一时的趣味所支配的美,而是那些由自然形成的美),which引导的定语从句中用到了not…but…句型,but后面用到的动词是establish,所以not后面的laiddown的意思应该与之相近,故A项“创造”正确。B项“休息”、C项“睡觉”和D项“保护”都不符合。因此,该题选择A项。
34.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者在第2段使用ephemeral和Nature是为了……”。定位第二段第二句Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.(我们所寻找的美,不是那些通过人们的工作而建立起来的美,也不是那些一时的趣味所支配的美,而是那些由自然形成的美)可知,物理学家探索的美是自然形成的,而不是短暂趣味所支配的;所以可推断,作者用ephemeral和nature是为了将短暂的美和物理学所寻找的自然美作对比,ephemeral相当于impermanent,故A项“将无常之美与物理学所追求的美进行对比”符合题意。B项“评估物理作为一种艺术形式的有效性”,文中并没有提到物理是一种艺术形式,该项无中生有。C项“讨论物理学家如何形象化美”在该处也没有体现,属于无中生有。D项“批评不懂物理的人”属于曲解原文,作者并没有描述批评性的语言。因此,该题选择A项。
35.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“在概述物理学的各种天赋的过程中,作者引用了除了……以外的所有内容”。定位到第二段Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.(然而,物理学最伟大的天赋之一,就是它允许学生们去看过去的外在表象,进入一种更为压倒性的美。作为一个人,我被海浪冲击海滩的视觉吸引力所吸引。然而,作为一名物理学家,我有能力被支配这种现象的物理定律的更深层的美所吸引。当非物理学家看到一个可爱但无法解释的事件时,受过良好教育的物理学家能够感知到一个出色的设计。)可知,在概述物理学天赋中,B项“欣赏海浪撞击的视觉美感”、C项“对自然的方式有更大的理解”和D项“在自然事件中看到更深层次的设计”都有被引用到。而这一段中,并没有提到过unchanging的事物,A项“寻找永恒之美的能力”有出入,属于无中生有。因此,该题选择A项。
6.单选题
Thisnew-typemachine()littleroom.
问题1选项
A.takesup
B.istakenup
C.hasbeentakenup
D.istakingup
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这种新机器占很少的空间。
语法题。考查时态语态。Takeup表示“占据”,此处指新式机器的优点,是对一般事实的描述,因此,动词使用一般现在时。
7.单选题
Asthetraindrewout,ourdearfriendsontheplatformblewkisses,()tearsandwavedtheirhandkerchiefs.
问题1选项
A.cast
B.shed
C.battered
D.broke
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cast“投;抛”;B选项shed“流出;去除”;C选项battered“连续猛击;袭击”;D选项broke“打破;损坏”。句意:当列车开出时,站台上亲爱的朋友们飞吻、……泪并挥舞着手帕告别。分别总是苦涩的,根据空格后的宾语tears“眼泪”可知在面对分别的时候我们会流眼泪。因此B选项符合题意。
8.单选题
()tosomebody,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshandswiththestranger.
问题1选项
A.Introducing
B.Tointroduce
C.Tobeintroduced
D.Onbeingintroduced
【答案】D
【解析】句意:当英国人在被介绍给别人的时候,经常喜欢和陌生人握手。
9.单选题
SinceJohnhassuchan(
)toflying,IamcertainthathewillnotwanttogotoBritainwithus.
问题1选项
A.aviation
B.aviator
C.aversion
D.avocation
【答案】C
【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation“航空,飞行术”;aviator“飞行员”;aversion“厌恶,反感”;avocation“副业,业余爱好”。句意:既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机,那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C
10.单选题
Notalldecisionsarealike.(1)iseverydecisionmadeinthesamemanner.Althoughsomeactionsyouundertake(2)theirbasisfromnewlymadedecisions,thereareotherinstances(3)decision-makingdoesnotreallytakeplace.Thelatter,accordingtoDeaconandFirebaugh,mayinvolveroutine,programmed,impulsiveorintuitiveaction.Whenyouwakeupinthemorningandpreparetoattendclass,doyouconsciouslymakedecisionsabout(4)thingsaswhich,sideofyourhairtocombfirst,howtobrushyourteeth,orwhichshoeto(5)first?Probably(6).Althoughyoumayhavemadeaconsciousdecisionaboutwhatyouweregoingtoweartoclass,youprobably(7)anytimeinmakingadecisionabouthowtogetreadytoattendclass.Everyindividualhascertainhabitsorroutinebehaviors.Althoughtheyoriginatedfromdecisionsmade(8)inyourlife,younolongerconsciouslymakethesedecisionseachtimeyouundertakethistypeofaction.Routineplansoractionsserveausefulpurposeinyourdailylifeandmanagement.Howlongwouldittakeyoutogetup,getready,andwalktoclassifyouhadtomakeseparatedecisionsforeachactionyoutake?Youuseroutineplansoractionsasresourcetomake(9)decisions.
Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow,youalsohavecertainspecificactionsyouundertakeina(10)situations.Thesearecalledprogrammeddecisions.Programmeddecisionsaredifferentfromroutines.Routineplansoractionsarepatternsofbehavioralactionsrepeatedlyundertakenonaconsistentandregularbasis.Programmeddecisions,(11),utilizeyourpastexperienceinasimilarsituationForinstance,youknowyouaregoingtohaveatest.Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedone(12)yourknowledgeofasimilarexperience.Thedegreeofsuccess(13)achievedwillbeadeterminantinhow,when,where,andthelengthoftimeyoustudyforthistest.
Programmeddecisions,likeroutines,area(n)(14)inyourmanagement.Whentheactionundertakenproves.tobesuccessfulyourepeatthesameactionthenexttimeasimilarsituationoccurs.Thesuccessfulachievement,(15)thesatisfactionyoureceived,determineswhenandtheextenttowhichyoumodifytheoriginaldecision(16)employingitagainin(17)situations.
Bothroutineand(18)decisionsserveusefulpurposes.Theyactasresourcesby(19)theneedtomakenewdecisions.Theyalsoevaluatemanagerialactions.Thesuccessyouachieveenablesyoutobypassor(20)theuseofthedecision-makingprocess.
问题1选项
A.Not
B.No
C.Nor
D.Never
问题2选项
A.toderive
B.derive
C.deriving
D.derived
问题3选项
A.when
B.that
C.which
D.Where
问题4选项
A.some
B.thesame
C.somany
D.such
问题5选项
A.putdown
B.puton
C.putoff
D.putup
问题6选项
A.yes
B.not
C.ok
D.no
问题7选项
A.didn'tspend
B.wouldn'tspend
C.won'tspend
D.hadn'tspent
问题8选项
A.atthefighttime
B.atanearlytime
C.atanearliertime
D.attheearliesttime
问题9选项
A.similar
B.old
C.new
D.separate
问题10选项
A.different
B.regular
C.routine
D.given
问题11选项
A.moreover
B.therefore
C.however
D.ontheotherhand
问题12选项
A.using
B.havingused
C.touse
D.tohaveused
问题13选项
A.lately
B.previously
C.recently
D.currently
问题14选项
A.resource
B.determinant
C.experience
D.achievement
问题15选项
A.repeatedby
B.provedby
C.measuredby
D.metby
问题16选项
A.until
B.before
C.after
D.since
问题17选项
A.anyother
B.allother
C.theother
D.otherlike
问题18选项
A.habitual
B.impulsive
C.programmed
D.conscious
问题19选项
A.eliminating
B.satisfying
C.increasing
D.reducing
问题20选项
A.minimize
B.maximize
C.make
D.employ
【答案】第1题:
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:B
第6题:B
第7题:A
第8题:C
第9题:C
第10题:D
第11题:D
第12题:A
第13题:B
第14题:A
第15题:C
第16题:B
第17题:D
第18题:C
第19题:A
第20题:A
【解析】(1)语法和搭配。Nor的倒装结构,表“…..也不”,句意:所有的决定都不相同,每个做决定的方式也不相同。选项C符合题意。
(2)固定搭配。根据句子结构,可知空格为谓语动词,选项A和C可排除。整篇文章的时态为一般现在时态,所以选用动词原形derive,derive…from“源自”。选项B符合题意。
(3)语法题。根据题意,可知空格中需要填入一个关系词,引导定语从句,修饰先行词instances“举例”,选项when关系副词在从句中作状语,表示“当……的时候”。选项A符合题意。
(4)固定搭配。such…as“例如,诸如”,表示举例子。选项D符合题意。
(5)词组辨析。putdown“记下,镇压”;puton“穿上”;putoff“延期”;putup“举起,张贴”。句意:首先穿那只鞋?选项B符合题意。
(6)上下文语义理解。根据前面一句“doyouconsciouslymakedecisions…”,可知前面一句是一般疑问句,根据文意,应该为否定回答,所以选用not,选项B符合题意。
(7)上下文语义理解和逻辑关系。前一句为让步状语从句,意为:尽管你可能已经有意识地决定了要穿什么去上课,可知后一句意思为:你可能不会花时间做决定。前后两句形成让步关系。并且整个句子谈论的是过去的事情,选项A符合题意。
(8)上下文语义理解。根据文意:每个人都会有一些习惯和日常行为,尽管这些行为习惯来源于生活中更早的一些决定。选项C符合题意。
(9)上下文语义理解。上文提到了常规习惯对以后生活的带来影响,根据文意:你可以使用日常计划或行动作为来源去做出新的决定。选项C符合题意。
(10)上下文语义理解。根据上文“Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow”,可知除了你所遵循的习惯行为或惯例,你也要在具体的情况下采取特殊的行动。specificactions和specificsituations形成对应关系。选项D符合题意。
(11)逻辑关系。上文提到了程序化决策不同于常规决策,空格后提到了在类似的情况下利用你过去的经验,前后形成了对比关系。所以用搭配ontheotherhand,表示“另一方面”。选项D符合题意。
(12)语法题。根据上文“Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedone”,可知空格前句子完整,空格为状语成分,并且表伴随,所以选用-ing分词作伴随状语,选项A符合题意。
(13)上下文语义理解。lately“近来,不久前”;previously“以前,预先”;recently“最近”;currently“当前”。句意:以前取得的成功程度将决定你如何、何时、何地、以及为这次考试学习的时间长短。选项B符合题意。
(14)上下文语义理解。resource“资源,来源”;determinant“决定因素”;experience“经验,经历”;achievement“成就”。句意:程序化的决策,就像常规决定一样,是你管理中一种资源。选项A符合题意。
(15)上下文语义理解。repeat“重复”;prove“证明”;measure“测量”;meet“遇见”。句意:成功的成就,用你得到的满足感来衡量。选项C符合题意。
(16)上下文语义理解。until“直到”;before“在之前”;after“在之后”;since“自从”。句意:成功的成就,由你所获得的满足感来衡量,决定了你在什么时候以及在多大程度上,在其用于其他类似的情况之前,修改了最初的决定。所以选用before“在之前”。选项B符合题意。
(17)下文语义理解题。anyother“其他的”;allother“所有其他”;theother“两者中的另一个”。句意:成功的成就,由你所获得的满足感来衡量,决定了你在什么时候以及在多大程度上,在其用于其他类似的情况之前,修改了最初的决定。所以意思为“其他类似的”,选用“otherlike”,选项D符合题意。
(18)上下文语义理解和语法。habitual“习惯的,习以为常的”;impulsive“冲动的,任性的”;programmed“程序化的”;conscious“意识到的,神志清晰的”。句意:常规决策和程序化决策都有其有用的目的。根据语法,both前后的成分保持并列,具有同一性质。上文也提及了程序化决策。选项C符合题意。
(19)上下文语义理解。eliminate“消除,排除”;satisfy“使满意”;increase“增加”;reduce“减少”。句意:它们作为一种资源,消除了做出新决定的需要。选项A符合题意。
(20)上下文语义理解。minimize“最小化”;maximize“最大化”;make“制作,使”;employ“采用,雇用”。句意:您所取得的成功使您能够绕过或将决策过程实现最小化。
11.单选题
Thosewho______energeticallyintothematterhaveprospectsoffindingothermoreconvenientsolutions.
问题1选项
A.wander
B.penetrate
C.concentrate
D.emphasize
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项wander“徘徊;漫步;迷路;离题”;B选项penetrate“渗透;穿透;洞察”;C选项concentrate“集中;浓缩;全神贯注;聚集”;D选项emphasize“强调,着重”。句意:那些积极钻研这一问题的人有希望找到其他更方便的解决办法。因此B选项正确。
12.单选题
Itisnoteasytoremaintranquilwheneventssuddenlychangeyourlife.
问题1选项
A.calm
B.upset
C.steady
D.severe
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。tranquil“安静的,平静的;安宁的”;A选项calm“平静的;沉着的”;B选项upset“心烦的;混乱的;弄翻的”;C选项steady“稳定的;不变的;沉着的”;D选项severe“严峻的;严厉的;剧烈的;苛刻的”。句意:当事情突然改变你的生活时,保持平静是不容易的。根据句中“Itisnoteasy不容易的”与“wheneventssuddenlychangeyourlife当事件突然改变你的生活时”可知tranquil在这里的意思应为“平静的”,因此A选项正确。
13.单选题
It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually()fromtheBible.
问题1选项
A.acquire
B.result
C.obtain
D.derive
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项acquire表示“获得,取得”;B选项result表示“结果,导致”;C选项obtain表示“获得,取得”;D选项derive表示“源于,得自”。根据句意可知,很多流行的英语表达实际上来自圣经。因此,本题选择D项最符合句意。
14.单选题
“DoyoumindifEdwardridesinyourcar?”
“Yes,Ido.I’llbegladtotake(
)Edward.”
问题1选项
A.somebodyelsethan
B.anybodybut
C.someotherpersonbut
D.anyoneelsethan
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配题。题目是一个情景对话,所以需要关注上下文,上文提问说‘你介意爱德华乘坐你的车吗?’,下文回答‘是的,介意。’根据这里我们可以推知后一句应该
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