考研考博-英语-山东圣翰财贸职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东圣翰财贸职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thetroopswereina（）position,completelyexposedtoattackfromtheair.

问题1选项

A.eminent

B.brutal

C.vulnerable

D.adequate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal残忍的;vulnerable易受攻击的;adequate充足的。句意：部队处于易受攻击的位置,完全暴露了。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents'wishes.

问题1选项

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:人们担心有些父母为了使小孩达到他们的期望而（

）其基因。

enhance:提高，加强，增进。revise修改，校订。alternate交替，轮流。modify修改，更改，改变。alter:改变，更改。

3.单选题

Tiredofurbanlife,Jenifermakesuphermindtobuildherownhomeinaregionwherewildlife（）.

问题1选项

A.abounds

B.exceeds

C.amplifies

D.sustains

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项abound表示“大量存在，盛产，充满”，B选项exceed表示“超越，胜过”，C选项amplify表示“放大；扩大”，D选项sustain表示“维持（生命、生存）；保持；支撑”。由句意可知，珍妮弗因为厌倦城市生活，所以决心在野生动物丰富的地区建造自己的家。定语从句的主语是wildlife，缺少谓语动词。对比四个选项，只有A选项词义最符合原文句意，故A选项为本题正确答案。

4.单选题

______thefinancialmeanstoremainindependent,ThomasEdisonwascompelledtoseekemploymentasanighttelegraphoperator.

问题1选项

A.Hewasdeprivedof

B.Thathewasdeprivedof

C.Althoughhewasdeprivedof

D.Deprivedof

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有了维持独立的经济来源，托马斯•爱迪生不得不去找个夜间电报员的工作。选项和题干，逗号前是从句或者短语。A选项Hewasdeprivedof放进来题目变成两个完整且独立的句子，故错误。B选项Thathewasdeprivedof中that多余，不符合语法，故错误。C选项Althoughhewasdeprivedof中although不符合语境，故错误。D选项Deprivedof放进来句子还原后是ThomasEdisonwas…operatordeprivedofthefinancialmeanstoremainindependent，符合题意。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb/'“You’relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“NoP'andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis‘‘Andyou'regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

1.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartnersif______.

2.“I’mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph1means_____.

3.Thehouse-owner’sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans______.

4.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif______.

5.Theword“ritualistically”inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

问题1选项

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother’sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

问题2选项

A.I’mjustcallingyourattention

B.Pmjustkidding

C.Pmjustsayingtheopposite

D.I’mjustgivingoffsomesound

问题3选项

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears

B.hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared

问题4选项

A.linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertiveness

B.seenasone’shabitualpatternofbehavior

C.takenaspartofanorderingsequence

D.expressedtoaseriesofcharges

问题5选项

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.（言语的确为我们提供了一些信息，但其意思是从如此多的其它来源中获取出来的，以至于过于依赖言语将阻碍我们与其他人交流的效果）可知D选项“他们能把自己的言语与意思联系起来”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”（有时我们的言语并没有什么意思，除了“我正在宣泄情绪。我实际上不想让你仔细听我说的话，而是注意我的感受”外）可知A选项“我只是提醒你注意”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章一段中的Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”（事实上，这个台阶已经有好几年不是这样的了，但暗含的信息是：“我不想修复它。我们能忍受它。你为什么不能忍受它了？）可知B选项“他认为没必要修台阶”符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干意思是“有些反应和行为可能看起来非常不合逻辑，但如果……，是合理的”。根据第二段第五句Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.（一个朋友的异常温顺的行为，也许只能通过注意到它是以需要异常自信的情境为前提才能被理解）和第六句Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.（有些反应可能直接与反应的发展模式有关，而且不符合逻辑）可推断，如果要理解有些反应和行为，那么就需要注意到之前发生的事件的情况，所以C项“作为有序的续发事件的一部分”符合题意。A项“与一定反常程度的自信有关”，表述不够全面；B项“被视为一个人的习惯性行为模式”，文中没有提到习惯性行为；D项“表达了一系列指控”在文中只是举例说明，D项不选。因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.词义题。“ritual（仪式，惯例）”为副词ritualistically的名词形式，故ritualistically表述“仪式地”，因此选C。

6.单选题

Hewaspunished（

）heshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.

问题1选项

A.unless

B.provided

C.if

D.lest

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词辨析。unless除非；provided倘若；if如果；lest以防，以免。句意：他被处罚了以免他再犯同样的错误。后半句用的是虚拟语气，表示对未来的虚拟。由句意可知，D项正确。答案D

7.单选题

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(an)（）way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris（）inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality

C.Enjoyableinperfomiance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

问题2选项

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

问题3选项

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

问题4选项

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

问题5选项

A.ArtificialRelationships

B.HowtoFormIntimateRelationships

C.TheAffectionateMachine

D.HumansandComputers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:在交流上是生动的,第一段指出:Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions(这个机械将不是被动的参与者，而将会增加自己的建议、信息和意见),由此可知A项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。B:在个性上有吸引力,由最后一段中“Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive...(这个电脑自己的个性将是充满生气且令人印象深刻……)可知B项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。C:在表现上令人愉快,第一段指出:Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner(想的伴侣机械（即电脑）将不仅仅在外表、感觉和声音上是友好的，且还会被编程去以令人愉快的方式来表现),因此C属于理想伴侣机械的特点。D:在行为上无法预测,由第一段中“yetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(但是这个机械（即电脑）也仍然稍微有些不可预测)”可知D不符合原文所述。因此选D。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(这整个过程（即人与电脑之间友谊形成的过程）将会以一种微妙的方式来实现，以便避免去给出一个将可能引起恼怒的过度亲密的印象),因此D项“难以察觉的”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:能发起一段有趣的对话,第一段指出:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopic(它有时会主动提出或改变互动的活题),因此A项符合原文所述。B:受先前的交流影响,文章并未提及。C:准备去了解人的生活,由第一段中“initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(在电脑首次与人进行互动时，它可能有些迟疑，但随着对使用者的了解，在互动吋它会变得更放松且亲密)”可知C项符合原文所述。D:有一个令人喜欢且能随机应变的个性,最后一段指出:itwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(它会相应使川者的性格来形成固己的性格。带着如这些样的性格，这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本题选B。

4.观点态度题。从末段中“Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(因为这些特征,这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)”可以看出作者持赞成的态度。故选A。

5.主旨大意题。作者在第一段提出“有感情的机械”这个话题及随后段落“阐述有感情的机械与人在友谊形成方式及这种人造友谊带来的好处,因此C项“有感情的机械”比较适合做文章标题。

8.单选题

Iknowyou’vegotasmoothtongue,sodon’ttalkme（）buyingit.

问题1选项

A.away

B.down

C.out

D.into

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项talkaway“不断的谈”；B选项talkdown“说服，驳倒”；C选项talkout“讲出来”；D选项talkinto“说服某人做某事”。句意：我知道你很会说话，所以不要劝我买这个。选项D符合语境。

9.单选题

Theenterpriseintroducedanincentivebonusforhighproductivity.

问题1选项

A.motive

B.initiative

C.encouragement

D.entertainment

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：企业为了提高生产力引进了……奖金。incentive意为“刺激，激励的”。A选项motive“动机，目的”；B选项initiative“主动权，首创精神”；C选项encouragement“鼓励，激励”；D选项entertainment“娱乐，消遣，款待”。选项C符合语境。

10.单选题

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn’tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.”Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily".

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk"Historicallythemanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays".

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairout,IsatonitquitenaturallysinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

"Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain?'

"Didwhat?’，Iasked,utterlyconfused

"Tookthechair"

Actually,sincePdwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward.Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirstafterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（

）.

2.Bysaying"youdiditagain”,theauthor'swifemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

问题1选项

A.it’ssafetobreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen’sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkintheoutsideofapavement

问题2选项

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

问题3选项

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘从这篇文章可以得出,,,’。由第五段中“Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.通常，遵守社会行为准则比根据自己的品味行事更容易。当然，我们这些天生优雅的人可以安全地打破规则。”确定A选项“打破社会行为准则是安全的”太绝对；由第一段中“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.在妇女解放运动中，男人的好处之一是不再需要向女人支付旧式的礼遇。”确定B选项“在妇女的解放中，男性也被解放了”正确。C选项“女性正变得比以前更有能力”在文中没有提及；由第三段第二句“Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.男性应该在他想走的地方走路”确定D项“男性应该走在人行道的外侧”与原文不符。

2.推理判断题。题干询问‘说“你又做了一次”，作者的妻子意味着…’。根据第五段第三句“Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.例如，当一个男人和一个女人在餐馆被领到他们的桌子前，服务员拉出一把椅子，这个女人应该坐在椅子上。根据安•克拉克女士的说法，我总是用另一种方法来做。”，下文就举出作者自己做得相反的例子和倒数第三段中回答“Tookthechair坐了这个椅子”，可以确定C选项“作者不应该坐在被女侍者拉出的椅子上”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘以下哪一项不是作者比女士先上车的原因?’。由最后一段第一句“Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.而且，我的习惯是先上车，让女士自己上车。这是一种礼貌，我坚持作为更强的性别，出于爱和尊重。”确定A选项“他想对女性有礼貌”和B选项“他这那样做是出于习惯”是作者先于女性上车的原因；也确定D选项“他认为今天的女性如男人一样有能力”不是作者先于女性上车的原因，符合题意，正确；由最后一段中“Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.在这样的时候，可能会有攻击者隐藏起来。”确定C选项“他想保护女性不受隐藏的危险的伤害”也是作者先于女性上车的原因。

11.单选题

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately（

）fromMarathontoAthens.

问题1选项

A.thedistance

B.distance

C.thedistanceis

D.isthedistance

【答案】A

【解析】句意:奥林匹克马拉松赛长26英里385码，该段距离大致是从马拉松到雅典的距离。

语法题。考查同位语。分析句子结构知“approximatelyfromMarathontoAthens.”是对前一句的“26milesand385yards”距离进行补充说明;故这里填写的词应该是这个距离的同位语,因此A项“thedistance”正确。

12.写作题

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“QualitiesofLaborandSocietyDevelopment”accordingtotheideagivenbelowinChinese.

人力资源是社会发展的前提保证，劳动者的素质要求是多元化的。在劳动技能和劳动方式上，社会对大家的要求可能不同，但是人的基本社会道德素养和文化修养对于社会而言是共同的一致需求。因此社会的发展要注意人的技能和知识水平提升的同时也要为人的道德和文化素养的培养提供氛围和支持。

【答案】QualitiesofLaborandSocietyDevelopment

Humanresourceisthepremiseforsocialdevelopment,andthequalitiesoflaborarediversified.Itisvitalforimprovingtheoverallqualityoftheworkforcetopayattentiontoimprovethequalitiesofthesetwokinds:skillsandmethodsoflabor;socialmoralityandculturalcultivation.

Intermsofskillsandmethodsoflabor,peoplearerequireddifferently.Toaqualifiedphysician,oneshouldhaveagreatdealofprofessionalknowledgeonmedicalscienceandabundantinpracticalexperiences.Asweknow,inordertobeacertifieddoctor,amedicalstudentalwayshastostudyinmedicalinstituteforseveralyearsandthenworkasaninternshipforalongperiodbeforehecanpracticeindependently.Abusdrivermusthaveexcellentdrivingskillandgreatknowledgeoftransportation.Afashiondesignerissupposedtobegoodatdrawingandhavegoodsenseofbeauty.Differentkindsofworkrequiredifferentskillsandknowledge.

Butpeople,regardlessoftheirjob,shouldcomplywiththebasicrequirementofsocialmoralityandculturalcultivation.Socailmoralityisacodeofconductaboutwhatweshoulddoornotinordertosafeguardthesocialinterestsandstabilityofoursociety.Asnormalpeople,nomatterwhatkindsofjobwedo,weallneedtoobeythebasicsocialrules,suchasfulfillingourfilialduties,takingcareofchildren,beingkindtoothers,etc.

Inaword,thedevelopmentofsocietynotonlyneedputemphasisontheimprovementofpeople’sskillsandknowledgebutalsooughttoprovidesoundenvironmentforlaborers’moralandculturaldevelopment.Onlyinthisway,canoursocietybeprogressiveandharmonious.

13.单选题

Shechewedeachdeliciousmouthfulasslowlyasshecould,（

）

thepleasure.

问题1选项

A.delaying

B.prolonging

C.insisting

D.indulging

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。delay“推迟”；prolong“延长”；insist“坚持”；indulge“沉浸在”，一般与介词in搭配。句意：她尽可能慢地咀嚼着满嘴的美味，来延长这种享受美味的愉悦感。选项B符合题意。

14.不定项选择题

SincetheemergenceofWesterncapitalisminthe18thcentury,freemarketcapitalismhasbeenthereigningmodeintheworld’seconomy.Basedonmassproduction,externalmarkets,andregulationbysupplyanddemand,thissystempromoteseconomicgrowthand,intheory,wealthforallintheformofmaterialgoods.Proponentsofcapitalismbelievethatthesystembringsthegreatesthappinesstothegreatestnumberofpeople.Detractorsclaimthatcapitalismcreatesunnecessarygrowthattheexpenseofsocialinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation.

Withthepatentingofthesteamenginein1769,massproductionbecamemoreefficient,andlargefactorytownsproliferated,firstinEnglandandtheninEuropeandAmerica.Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.ThehugeprofitsofprivateindustryfueledthenationaleconomiesofEuropeancountries,andlaidthefoundationsofinternationaltrade.Thevirtuesofeconomicgrowthseemedunassailableatthetime;profitsfromsalesenrichedthefactoryinterestontheflowoftradecurrencybroughtprofittocapitalinvestors,andtheincreaseinfactory-producedconsumergoodsappearedasthoughitwouldleadtowell-beingfortherestofsociety.TheScottishsocialphilosopherproto-economistAdamSmith,writingin1776,expressedthis18th-centuryoptimisminhisWealthofNations,sayingthatan“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(onewithnogovernmentinterference),preservingchecksandbalancesinthesystemandofferingthefairestcompensationtotheworker,guaranteeingahappyandprosperoussociety.

Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,thedesirabilityofuncheckedeconomicgrowthwasbeginningtocomeintoquestion.Whileprovidingforthegrowthofgovernmentandindustry,thecapitalistsystemseemedtohavebroughtfewrealbenefitstotheworkingclasses,andtohavecreatedmoreproblemsthanithadsolved.CitiesinEuropeandnowAmericaboreanewandquiteuglyfeature:theslumsoftheurbanworkerswhoselaborwasessentialtothemachineryofcapitalism,butwhoserewardwasinadequatetoprovideadecentstandardofliving.Theseghettoeswerecentersofovercrowding,poverty,hungeranddesperation.Increasedfoodproductionbroughtacorrespondingriseinpopulation;GreatBritaingrewfromninemillionin1780to21millionin1850;thepopulationofEuropenearlydoubledinthesametimeframe,jumpingfrom140millionin1750to266millionin1850.Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.Theappallingworkandlivingconditionsfannedtheflamesofworkers’revolutionswhichbrokeoutacrossEuropein1848.

KarlMarxandHenryDavidThoreau,writinginthe1840’s,bothattackedthefree-marketsystem.[A]ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.[B]ItwasThoreau,whenheproposedanagrarian-basedeconomicmodelbasedonself-sufficiencyandreducedconsumption,whomostradicallydissentedwiththe“freemarket”.[C]ThoughfewatthetimetookThoreauseriously,hisobservationsprefiguremanyoftheecologicalconcernsofthe21stcentury—conservation,sustainableresources,recycling,andrealcost,forexample.[D]Thoreaualsoarguedthatlarge-scaleeconomicdevelopmentcannotexistwithoutslavery.Headvocatedaninternal-market“naturaleconomy”inwhichtheindividualwouldcultivateonlyenoughlandtoprovideforpersonalneeds,retaineconomicindependencealongwiththedignitythatentailed,andenjoygreaterleisuretime.

Today,theinterrelatednessoftheglobaleconomyisforcingustorecognizethateconomicgrowthdoesnottakeplaceinavacuum.Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.Noweconomistsandecologistsoftenfindthemselvesoccupyingcommonground.Indeeditmaynolongerbepossibletolookateconomicdevelopmentasanactivitydivorcedfromitsenvironmentalandhumanconsequences.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedinparagraph2?

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

7.Accordingtothepassage,itwasAdamSmith’sargumentthat（）.

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

8.Whichofthefollowingwasmentionedasaconsequenceofpeoplemovingfromthecountrysidetothecity?

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthecommonlyheldviewofKarlMarxironic?

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

10.Thewordrampantisclosestinmeaningto（）.

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitthathasresultedfromfreemarketcapitalism?

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

12.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

问题1选项

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

问题2选项

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

问题3选项

A