考研考博-英语-山东科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.不定项选择题

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniorsfromfeatheringtheirownnestsatexpenseoftheirshareholders.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptions,sothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerican’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheirlead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Insteadhefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidesspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance.

Toassesstheimpactofperformancerelatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithstatesofover$1billionwhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverall-success.

Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?

3.Theword“seduction”(Line1,Para.4)probablymeans（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

问题1选项

A.Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

问题2选项

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.

问题3选项

A.effortstoconquer

B.attemptstowinover

C.endeavorstoincreaseprofits

D.exertionstounderstand

问题4选项

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

问题5选项

A.Doubtful

B.Optimistic

C.Positive

D.Approving

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由recruitingoutsiders定位到文章第一段第一、二句“Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniors…recruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent”，即美国的公司采用了三种方法来保护股东的利益。聘用更多外部人员也是方法之一。A选项“Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation”意为“使公司的业务多样化”，原文并未提及；B选项“Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors”意为“加强高层管理者与董事会的合作”，原文并未提及；C选项“Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement”意为“推行有效的企业管理改革”，这是手段不是目的；D选项“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders”意为“保护股东的利益”。因此D选项符合题意。

第2题:事实细节题。由ProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudy定位到文章第三段第二、三句“Onthefaceofit,dismissing…ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal”，从表面上看，从董事会解雇老板的朋友，用外部人士取代他们似乎是一个使高级经理更负责任的完美方法。但这并不是詹姆斯•威斯特法尔教授研究得出的结论。由此可知，实际情况没有达到预期。A选项“Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult”，意为“董事会的改革没有达到预期的结果”，原本改革是为了保护股东的利益，但现在股东需要拉帮结派，收拢外聘者，所以没有达到预期的效果；B选项“Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent”意为“外部董事往往更加独立”，一开始这些股东是独立的，但后来老板们就会建立联盟，从而董事变得不再独立；C选项“Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously”意为“由于董事会里全是外聘者，高级经理们工作起来更加认真”。但这只是Onthefaceofit（表面上），实际上这不是教授得出的结论；D选项“Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms”意为“高层管理人员与董事会的合作因改革受到了影响”，原文并未提及高层管理人员和董事会的合作。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:语义推测题。由seduction定位到文章第四段第一句“Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed”，这些诱惑往往会成功。由原文可知，theseseductions指代的是前文“bosses…spendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders”即老板们花了大量的时间建立联盟，做私人恩情，取悦外人。而这些都是为了把外聘者拉拢过来，加入自己的阵营。A选项“effortstoconquer”意为“努力去战胜”，原文并没有说要战胜谁；B选项“attemptstowinover”意为“企图争取过来”，符合题意；C选项“endeavorstoincreaseprofits”意为“努力提高收益”，前文并没有提及提高收益；D选项“exertionstounderstand”意为“努力去理解”，前文没有理解的相关内容。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:判断推理题。结合选项定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”总之，经理们很快就将每个可想象的公司治理制度转变成对自己有益的制度——而这可能是他们成为管理人员的原因。由此可推测，高层管理人员可能利用了自己的职位来获利。A选项“Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive”意为“一般来说，公司高管的高薪是值得的”，与原文不符，高管们可能通过职位谋取私利所以他们的高薪是否值得不能肯定；B选项“Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits”意为“公司高管的收入与公司利润的增长成正比”，原文并未提及高管的收入与公司利润的关系；C选项“Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves”意为“公司高管往往会利用他们的职位来获利”，与原文相符；D选项“Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders”意为“公司高管的绩效对其自身利益的影响大于对股东利益的影响”，原文并未提及高管的绩效对股东利益的影响。因此C选项符合题意。

第5题:观点态度题。定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”总之，经理们很快就将每个可想象的公司治理制度转变成对自己有益的制度——而这可能是他们成为管理人员的原因。由此可推测，高层管理人员可能利用了自己的职位来获利。这说明作者对控制高管所做的努力持怀疑态度，因为高管仍有可能谋取私利。A选项“Doubtful”意为“怀疑的”，符合题意；B选项“Optimistic”意为“乐观的”，与原文不符；C选项“Positive”意为“肯定的”，与原文不符；D选项“Approving”意为“赞成的”，与原文不符。因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

问题1选项

A.isusedto

B.wasusedto

C.usedto

D.hasbeenusedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项isusedto和B选项wasusedto均表示“习惯于……；习惯”；C选项usedto意为“过去常常，过去经常做某事”，有过去常这样做，现在不这样做了的意味；D选项hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成时。句意：约翰过去抽烟很厉害，但现在不抽了。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

TheChinesegovernmentcontinuestoupholdtheprincipleofpeacefulco-existence.

问题1选项

A.support

B.restrict

C.raise

D.modify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。uphold表示“支撑，支持，鼓励”；A项support“支持”，B项restrict“限制”，C项raise“提高”，D项modify“修改”。句意：中国政府继续坚持和平共处的原则。根据句意可知A项正确。

4.填空题

Direction:Thefollowingaresomewordsandphrases,someofwhicharetakenfromthetextthatfollows.Decidewhichwordorphraseshouldgoineachgapandthenwritetheletterinthespaceprovided.Notethattherearemorewordsandphrasethangaps.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

StandardsofMeasurement

Inearlytimesmeasurementsweremadebycomparingthingswithpartsof(example).Earlyunitsofmeasurementincludedthedistancefromtheelbowtothefingers,thewidthofthehandandthewidthofthefingers.

Someofthesehumanmeasurementsarestillused.Forexample,66basedonthelengthofhalfthethumb.Afootwasoriginally67ofaman’sfoot.Amilewasonethousandwalkingsteps.

Theseunitswereonly68becausetheirstandard—thehumanbody—wasnotconstant.Governmentstriedto69thembyusingrodsoffixedlengths.Buttheserodsstillvariedfrom70tocountry.

DuringtheFrenchRevolution,scientistslookedfora__71whichdidnotchange.TheychosethedistancefromtheEquatortotheNorthPole,whichisonequarterofthecircumferenceoftheEarth.Onetenmillionthofthiswascalled72andbecamethebasicunitofthemetricsystem.Othermetric73arebasedonit.Forexample,thecentimeterisonehundredthofameter.Agram—theunitof74isthemassofonecubiccentimeterofwater.

Astandardmeterwasmarkedonaplatinumbar.Theaccuracyof75wascheckedbycomparingthemwiththisbar.Nowadaysthemeterisstandardizedbycomparingitwithanotherconstant—thewavelengthofacertainkindoflight.

66.______67.______68.______69.______70.______

71.______72.______73.______74.______75.______

【答案】66.J

67.E

68.K

69.A

70.L

71.N

72.I

73.B

74.M

75.G

【解析】66.考查上下文语义。第一句提到Someofthesehumanmeasurementsarestillused.（一些人工测量方法仍在使用），紧接着下文提到…basedonthelengthofhalfthethumb（……根据一半拇指的长度），由此可知，空格处填入的应该是一个测量的单位，故该题选J“theinch（英寸）”正确。

67.考查句子语义。根据句子Afootwasoriginally…ofaman’sfoot（英尺最初是一个人的脚的……），可知，空格处应该是填入length表示长度；故该题选E正确。

68.考查句子语义。根据句子Theseunitswereonly…becausetheirstandard—thehumanbody—wasnotconstant.（这些单位只是……因为人体的器官并不是一成不变的），可知，空格处应该是表示“大约的，近似的”；故该题选K正确。

69.考查句子语义。应该填入一个动词，只有A和M是动词，根据句子意思A符合题意。句意：政府试图通过使用固定长度的棒子来将其标准化。故该题选A正确。

70.考查固定用法。varyfromcountrytocountry表示“因国家而异”，因此空格处要填入country。句意：但是这些棒子仍然依国家而异。故该题选L正确。

71.考查上下文语义。上一段提到没有标准的测量，下文就提到了DuringtheFrenchRevolution,scientistslookedfora…whichdidnotchange.（在法国大革命期间，科学家们寻找一种不变的……），由此可知空格处应该是表示“标准的测量”，故N项符合题意。该题选N正确。

72.考查上下文语义。由下文Forexample,thecentimeterisonehundredthofameter（例如，厘米是一米的百分之一）可知此处指的是“一米”，因此空格处应该填onemeter。该题选I正确。

73.考查上下文语义。由下文的centimeter和gram可知此处指的是“测量单位”，因此空格处应该填units。句意：其他公制单位以它为基础。该题选B正确。

74.考查上下文语义。由常识判断gram是重量单位，因此空格处应该填weight；句意：重量单位一克相当于一立方厘米水。故该题选M正确。

75.考查上下文语义。上句提到Astandardmeterwasmarkedonaplatinumbar.（标准的米制测量标在铝棒上），下文接着说到Theaccuracyof…wascheckedbycomparingthemwiththisbar.（……的准确度是通过把它们与这根杆子比较来检验的），根据这两个句子可以猜到空格处应该是表示“测量仪器”，因此该题选G正确。

5.单选题

Mac'sclose（）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemfuroneanother.

问题1选项

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】句意:麦克和弟弟长得十分相像，人们常常把他们俩认错。

考查固定搭配。空格处名词应与to构成搭配，根据后面句意可知A项“resemblanceto与…相似”正确。

6.单选题

Ifeveragain______anaccidentlikethat,we’llhaveonlyourselvestoblame.

问题1选项

A.therehappens

B.therecomes

C.therearises

D.thereseems

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项happen“发生”，B项come“来，开始，发生”，C项arise“出现，上升”，D项seem“似乎，像是”。句式是therebe句型的变体，句子的主语是anaccidentlikethat“像那样的事故”，可以排除C、D选项；B项come表示“事情发生”一般和about搭配，comeabout表示“发生，产生”；A项通常指偶然或突发性事件，所以A项符合语境。句意：如果再发生这样的事故，我们只能怪自己。因此，该题选择A项正确。

7.单选题

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

问题1选项

A.increased

B.alleviated

C.interrupted

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】increase增加；alleviate减轻，缓和；interrupt中断，打扰；deteriorate恶化。根据句意可知，这里指减轻疼痛，选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

IftheAmericanswiththeirpeacetalksdogetthepartiestogether,theirfirstbusinesswillbetoarrangea（

）sothatfoodcanmove.

问题1选项

A.truth

B.trace

C.truce

D.trap

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。truth意为“真理”；trace意为“痕迹，踪迹”；truce意为“休战”；trap意为“陷阱，诡计”。

句意：如果美国人的和平会谈使政党团结，他们的第一要务是安排休战，这样食品才能运输。

9.单选题

FastReading

Newspapers

Newspapersaretheoriginalformofbroadbandcommunication,adistinctionnotalwaysrecognizedintheageoftheInternet.Longbeforewehadcomputers,televisions,radios,telephonesandtelegraphs,newspaperswerethecheapestandmostefficientwaytoreachmassaudienceswithnews,commentaryandadvertising.Newspapers,fromtheirbeginningsashand-printed“broadsheets”,havebeenatruerandom-accessmedium-readerscanmoveeasilyandquicklythroughthedifferentsectionsofanewspaper,returningtothemdaysorevenweekslater.Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.

WhatDidtheGrowthofTVNewsMeantoNewspapers?

Withthegrowthoftelevisionnewsinthe1960s,newspapersconfrontedtheirfirstformidablecompetitor.Today,ABCNewsclaimsthatmoreAmericansgettheirnewsfromABCthanfromanyothersource—andit’sprobablytrue.TheUnitedStates’1,600dailynewspaperscontinuetoservemillionsofreaders,butnewspapersarenolongerthecountry’sdominantmassmedium.Howtosurviveandevenflourishinaculturemoreattunedto（吻合）electronicmediathantoprinter’sinkisthemostseriousissuefacingthenewspaperindustryasitentersthe21stcentury.

ItissafetosaythatnewspapersarenotabouttofollowtheMorsetelegraphintooblivion.Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium.Noonelugsacomputermonitortothebreakfasttabletogetthemorningnews.And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

WhatExactlyIsNewsandHowDoesItWork?

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinitionofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassification-theabnormal.Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften“makethenews”.Reportersareanewspaper’sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersglean（收集）informationfrommanysources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsourceforanewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,education,business,medicineandsoforth.Othersarecalledgeneralassignmentreporters,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavarietyofstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenzied（狂热的）anddangerousjobsastheyliveafamouspronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:“Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.”Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermayhavenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseestheday-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.Othereditors―sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary（讣告）,forexample—mayalsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstones,enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters’rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputernetwork.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.Oftenworkingunderthestressofbreakingnews,theirdecisionstranslatedirectlyintothecontentofthenewspaper.

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter’srawcopy,thestorymovesfromthecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision,thecopydesk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspellingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor“holes”inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Thecopydeskchiefroutesfinishedstoriestoothereditorswhofitlocalandwireservicestories,headlines（writtenbytheeditor—notthereporter!）anddigitalphotographsontopages.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination（分页）,withpersonalcomputersusingsoftwareavailableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethreeprogramsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

WhatAretheEditorialPagesAllAbout?

Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.Thisiswhereeditorials,unsignedcommentarythatreflectsthecollectivepositionofthenewspaper’seditorialboard,appear.Editorialsarenotnews,butratherreasonedopinionbasedonfacts.Forexample,editorialsmaycriticizetheperformanceofpublicofficialssuchasthemayor,thepolicechief,orthelocalschoolboard;conversely,editorialsmaypraiseothersfortheirciviccontributions.Whateverthetopic,newspapershopetheireditorialswillraisethelevelofcommunitydiscourse.

Twowaysthisoccursarefamiliartoanynewspaperreader―letterstotheeditorandop-edarticles（acontractionofopposite-editorialpage）.Lettersarealwaysamongthebest-readsectionofanynewspaper,forthisiswherereadersexpresstheiropinions.Op-edarticlesusuallyrun850to1,000words.Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.

Theeditorialpagesareunderthedirectionofaneditoroutsidethenewsdivision.Newspaperpeoplecallthis“separationofchurchandstate”,meaningthereisalinebetweennewsandopinionthatmustnotbecrossed.Todosostripsanewspaperofitsmostvaluableasset-credibility.Forthatreason,editorialpageeditorsatsomelargenewspapersreporttothepublisher,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerofthecompany,andnottotheexecutiveeditor.Othernewspapersmayhavetheireditorialpageeditorreportingtotheexecutiveeditor.Whatevertheorganizationalmodel,though,neitherdepartmentcantelltheotherwhattopublishinthenewspaper.

HowAreNewspapersDistributed?

Responsibilityforgettingthenewspaperfromthepresstothereaderfallstothedistributiondivision.Largenewspaperspublishtwo,threeorevenfoureditions,allofwhichmustbereadytoleavethenewspaperplantatacertaintime.Thefirstedition,sometimescalledthebulldogedition（晨版）,goestotheouterlimitsofthenewspaper’scirculationarea.

Thismaybeseveralcountiesorevenanentirestate.Latereditionscontainprogressivelyfreshernewsandgotosmallerareas.Thefinaledition,whichgoestopressaftermidnight,containsthelatestnewsbutcoversthesmallestgeographicalarea,usuallyacity.

Anysubscribertoadailynewspaperknowsthatitplops（扑通落下）ontothedrivewayintheweehoursofthemorning.Independentcontractorscalledcarriersbuycopiesofthenewspaperatdiscountanddeliverthem,usingtheirpersonalvehicles.ThefirstjobformanyAmericanyoungsterswasdeliveringtheafternoonpaperintheirneighborhood.

Thecirculationdepartmentdrawstheroutesthatcarriersfollow.Thisdepartmentisalsoresponsibleforracksales,newspapersthatgointocoin-operateddispensers（自动售货机）.Thecirculationdepartmentmaintainssubscribers’billingrecords,stopsandstartsdeliveriesuponrequest,andusesservicerunnerstodelivermissingpapers.

In18hoursofhighlycoordinatedworkcarriedoutbynumerousdivisions,whatnewspaperpeoplecalla“roughdraftofhistory”asmovedthroughcomputersystems,imaging（成像）machinesandpresses,toitsfinaldestination-thereaders.

After3:30a.m.,fewpeopleremainatanewspaperplant.Alltheotherdivisionshavegonehome.Thepresseshavefallensilent,perhapsundergoingmaintenancefortheremainderofthenight.Thesuddensilencewillnotlastlong.Inlessthanfourhours,thenewspaper,asitmustdo365daysayear,willrousefromitsshortsleepandstartalloveragain.

1.Whatcanbestdescribethequalitiesofnewspapersnow?

2.WhatqualitiesshouldNewspaperspossessinordertosurviveinthecompetitionagainstothermedia?

3.Today’snewspaperspaymoreattentiontothefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（）.

4.WhyAmericannewspapersconsiderthemselves“thewatchdogbranch”?

5.Whatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaperisdecidedby（）.

6.Whatmustbepublishedonnewspapers’editorialpages?

7.Newspapersmakeroomforletterstotheeditorandopposite-editorialarticlesasimportantdevotionto（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyareoriginalandhand-printed.

B.Theyarethecheapestandmostefficient.

C.Theyareuniversalandeverlasting.

D.Theyarethewholeworld’sdominantmassmedium.

问题2选项

A.Convenienceandadaptability.

B.Convenienceandgooddesign.

C.Colorphotographyandadaptability.

D.Gooddesignandcolorphotography.

问题3选项

A.gooddesign

B.detailedstories

C.colorphotography

D.lowcostandhighincome

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

B.Becausetheyuncoverlegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

C.Becausetheyreporthumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisasters.

D.Becausetheygatherstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.

问题5选项

A.thecopyeditor

B.theexecutiveeditor

C.themanagingeditor

D.thecityormetroeditor

问题6选项

A.Thecriticismofpublicofficialssuchasthemayorandthepolicechief.

B.Theopinionsthatreadersexpressaboutthedetailedstories.

C.Newspapers’commentsoncurrentevents.

D.Thegooddeedpublicofficialshavedonefortheirciviccontributions.

问题7选项

A.currentevents

B.publicreports

C.privatestories

D.civicdialogue

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。第一段指出：Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.（因为报纸的“软件”是由一种共同的语言组成的，所以它具有普遍和无时间限制的特质）。因此C项“它们普遍而永恒”正确。

2.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段讲了报纸是如何求生存：Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium（报纸是一种方便携带的媒介），以及：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（惊人的是，报纸善于打造自身以适应现今的读者，通过注重好的设计，彩色摄影和报告和解释时事的详细报道）。由此可知，报纸为了在竞争中生存应该具备方便和适应性的特点，故选A。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（惊人的是，报纸善于打造自身以适应现今的读者，通过注重好的设计，彩色摄影和报告和解释时事的详细报道）。四个选项中，只有D项“低成本，高收入”未被提及，因此答案选D。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.（美国报纸骄傲的自称为政府第四个分支——监察机构——这暴露了立法、行政和司法方面的不当行为）。由此可知B项正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第七段指出：Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.（这些编辑被称作守门人，因为他们控制着第二天报纸上将出现的大多数内容）。由此可知D项正确。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。第九段指出：Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.（报纸将其关于当地或国内最近事件的观点发表于社论版面里）。由此可知，社论版发表对最近事件的看法。故选C。

7.【试题解析】细节事实题。第十段指出：Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.（报纸为读者来信和反对意见的文章腾出地方，是它们为市民对话做出贡献的一部分）。因此，D项“公民对话”正确。

10.单选题

Thereisanoldsayingthatyoucannever______unlessyougiveyourconsent.

问题1选项

A.beinsulted

B.insult

C.insulting

D.toinsult

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。该句同位语从句中的主语“you”是动作“insult”的承受者，因此应用被动语态，又谓语动词是情态动词，被动形式应为“情态动词+bedone”。句意：有句老话说，除非你同意，否则你永远不会被侮辱。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Inspiteofthe______economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项gloomy“低迷的”，B项miserable“痛苦的”，C项shadowy“阴影的”，D项obscure“昏暗的”。根据句子意思“尽管经济前景……，制造业产量略有上升”可知，A项最符合句意。句意：尽管经济前景黯淡，制造业产出却略有上升。因此，该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Althoughthetownhadbeen（）bythestormseveraltimes,littledamagewasdone.

问题1选项

A.attacked

B.injured

C.banned

D.struck

【答案】A

【解析】句意:尽管这个城镇几次遭到暴风雨的袭击，但几乎没有造成什么损失。

考查动词辨析。attack攻击，抨击，动手干；injure伤害，损害:harm伤害，危害，损害;struck罢工，打击。此处是动词的过去分词形式表被动，动作的发出者是thestorm(暴风雨)，故选A项。

13.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate-asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorousl