考研考博-英语-山东财经大学东方学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东财经大学东方学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Wesawthecanoe（

）,throwingitspassengersintothewater.

问题1选项

A.prostrate

B.overturn

C.simulate

D.brag

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prostrate“将……弄倒”；B选项overturn“推翻，倾覆”；C选项simulate“模仿，假装”；D选项brag“吹牛，吹嘘”。根据前面的关键词“canoe独木舟”，可知“overturn颠覆，倾翻”最符合题意，句意为：我们看见独木舟翻了，把船上的乘客都掀进水里。故选项B意思与之接近。

2.单选题

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

问题1选项

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。现在分词短语做状语，起补充说明的作用。选项A，B，C结构完整，如果放于句中缺少连词，所以选项D正确。

3.翻译题

学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人。环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友指导启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素，还是个人自己的努力。求学是一件艰苦的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

4.单选题

Manyofyouyoungpersonsoutthereareseriouslythinkingaboutgoingtocollege.(Thatis,ofcourse,alie.Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.Trustme:thesearecloselyrelatedtocollege).Collegeisbasicallyabunchofroomswhereyousitforroughlytwothousandhoursandtrytomemorizethings.Thetwothousandhoursarespreadoutoverfouryears;youspendtherestofthetimesleepingandtryingtogetdates.

Basically,youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege:

Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).Theseincludehowtomakecollecttelephonecallsandgetbeerandcrepe-paperstainsoutofyourpajamas.

Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).Thesearethethingsyoulearninclasseswhosenamesendin-ology,-osophy,-istry,-ics,andsoon.Theideaisyoumemorizethesethings,thenwritethemdowninlittleexambooks,thenforgetthem.Ifyoufailtoforgetthem,youbecomeaprofessorandhavetostayincollegefortherestofyourlife.

It’sverydifficulttoforgeteverything.Forexample,whenIwasincollege,Ihadtomemorize—don’taskmewhy—thenamesofthemetaphysicalpoetsotherthanJohnDonne.Ihavemanagedtoforgetoneofthem,butIstillrememberthattheothertwowerenamedVaughanandCrashaw.

Sometimes,whenI’mtryingtoremembersomethingimportant,likewhethermywifetoldmetogettunapackedinoilortunapackedinwater,VaughanandCrashawjustpopupinmymind,rightthereinthesupermarket.It’saterriblewasteofbraincells.

Afteryou’vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you’resupposedtochooseamajor,whichisthesubjectyouintendtomemorizeandforgetthemostthingsabout.Hereisaveryimportantpieceofadvice:besuretochooseamajorthatdoesnotinvolveKnownFactsandRightAnswers.

Thismeansthatyoumustnotmajorinmathematics,physics,biologyorchemistry,becausethesesubjectsinvolveactualfacts.If,forexample,youmajorinmathematics,you’regoingtowanderintoclassonedayandtheprofessorwillsay:“Definethecosineintegerofthequadrantoftherhomboidbinaryaxis,andextrapolateyourresulttofivesignificantvertices.’’Ifyoudon’tcomeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry:ifyouwriteinyourexambookthatcarbonandhydrogencombinetoformoak,yourprofessorwillflunkyou.Hewantsyoutocomeupwiththesameanswerheandalltheotherchemistshaveagreedon.Scientistsareextremelysnottyaboutthis.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatarecloselyrelatedtocollege?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldthecollegestudentslearnincollege?

3.Whenshouldthecollegestudentschooseamajor?

4.Theword“flunk”inthelastparagraphmeans_____.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Thinkingandstudy.

B.Shoppingandmusic.

C.Musicandsex.

D.Sleepingandthinking.

问题2选项

A.Howtomemorizethingsandtogetdates.

B.Thethingsyouwillneedandnotneedtoknowinlaterlife.

C.Howtoforgeteverythingandtowritepoets.

D.Howtoenhancememoryandstudyability.

问题3选项

A.Themomenttheygotocollege.

B.Aftertheyhavebeenincollegefornearlytwoyears.

C.Aftertheyhavebeenincollegeforayearorso.

D.Whentheybecomeasenior.

问题4选项

A.float

B.fail

C.ridicule

D.dupe

问题5选项

A.TheMythofCollege

B.WhatCanYouLearninCollege

C.HowtoEnjoyYourCollegeLife

D.TheImportanceofCollege

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.”，可知作者提出年轻人唯一认真考虑的事情是吵闹的音乐和性。所以这两件事与大学密切相关。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege”，第三段第一句，“Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).”，以及第四段第一句，“Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).”，可知大学生需要做学习的两件事就是：需要知道的事和不需要知道的事。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第七段第一句，“Afteryou’vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you’resupposedtochooseamajor…”，可知，上大学一年左后，应该选一个专业。选项C符合题意。

4.语义题。“…comeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry…yourprofessorwillflunkyou.”，列举了两件类似事情，根据前一句的failure可知，如果你不能在教科书里写出碳氢结合形成橡树，你的教授同样会让你不及格，所以flunk也是失败的意思。选项B符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段作者介绍了大学里密不可分的事情是音乐和性，第二三四段介绍了在大学中你必须学到了两件事，所以B和C选项是文章内容的一部分，不够全面，选项B、C可排除。选项D中大学的重要性文章没有提及，可排除。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Iwasgreatlydisappointed___thataffair.

问题1选项

A.out

B.in

C.to

D.toward

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。bedisappointedin“对……感到失望”，A选项，C选项以及D选项不和bedisappointed搭配。句意：我对那件事非常失望。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Everyoneinterviewedhadbeen（

）tounfairtreatment.

问题1选项

A.subjected

B.adjusted

C.devoted

D.entitled

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。subject“使……隶属；使屈从于……”；adjust“调整，使……适合”；devote“致力于；奉献”；entitle“定名为……；使……有权利”。根据后面的unfairtreatment(不公平待遇)可推测空格处应该填入一个带有贬义的词，besubjectto是一个固定词组，意思是“遭受”，选项A符合题意。句意：每个被采访的人都遭遇过不公平的对待。

7.单选题

Sheistryingto（）himbyphoneasshehassomeveryimportantnewsforhim.

问题1选项

A.touch

B.reach

C.connect

D.attain

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。Touch“接触，触摸”；reach“与…..取得联系”；connect“连接，联合”；attain“取得，获得”。句意：她试图通过电话与他得联系，因为她有很重要的消息告诉他。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Amajorgoaloflaw,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissoseldominvokedthatitceasestobea（

）threat.

问题1选项

A.serious

B.coercive

C.credible

D.deceptive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。serious“严肃的；认真的”；coercive“强制的”；credible“可靠的；可信的”；deceptive“欺诈的；虚伪的”。句意：通过惩罚违法犯罪者来阻止潜在的罪犯是法律的一个主要目的，当法律惩罚很少被实行以至于它不再是一种可信的震慑时，该主要目的就没有达到。由“Amajorgoalisnotserved目标没达到”可知C项符合语境。

9.单选题

Toavoidanoilshortage,weshouldadvocatethatmoremachinesmust（

）solarenergyinashorttime,andthismadeothersastonished.

问题1选项

A.accelerate

B.operate

C.generate

D.utilize

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Accelerate“加速”；operate“运行”；generate“产生”；

Utilize“利用”。句意：为了避免石油不足，我们应该倡导在短时间内机器使用太阳能。这种想法让其他人感到震惊。选项D符合题意。

10.填空题

Theeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodsprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cinfoodsprices改为infoodprices

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】C部分的food是统称，指的是所有食物，为不可数名词，所以用单数food。

【句意】主要由于政府逐渐减少在食物方面的支持，同时食物价格上涨，该国食物情况恶化。

11.单选题

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（

）?

问题1选项

A.ingredients

B.components

C.elements

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component组件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：为什么素食餐厅的菜除了配料外，其他各个方面都像肉？选项A符合语境。

12.翻译题

“Backtobusinessasusual”wastherallyingcrytakenupbyNewYorkersayearago,afterterroristsdestroyedtheWorldTradeCenter.Remarkably,asortofnormalityhasreturnedtothecity.Thefirstfewmonthsaftertheattackweredreadful,butthenewyearbroughtnewhope;touristsandbusinessmenstartedtoreturn;thehotelsandBroadwayshowsbegantofillup.Thissummer,thecity’seconomyhasreportedlyresumedgrowthafteradeeprecession.

Evenso,itwouldbewrongtoconcludethatlifehasreturnedtonormal.NewYorkremainsconsumedwithgriefforthethousandsofliveslost,rememberedthisweekincountlessservicesthroughoutthecity一bigandsmall,privateandpublic.Themostmovingwasthereadingofthenamesofeachmurderedindividual,whichcamejustafteroneminute’ssilencewasobservedat8:46a.m.onSeptember11th,theexactanniversaryofthefirstplanehittingthefirsttower.CanNewYorkeverhavebeensoquiet?

TherewasabriefmomentofcollectivepanicaroundMemorialDayinlateMay,afterthefederalgovernmentstartedsharingitsfearsthatterroristsmighttargetcitieswithweaponsofmassivedestructionandtheNewYorkTimesMagazineranacoverstoryexploringwhatmighthappenifanuclearbombwentoffinTimesSquare.Butthisweek’sceremonieshavepushedthesefearsoncemoretotheforefrontofpeople’sminds.

HowcanNewYorkersachievethe“closure”mostofthemyearnforwhentheyknowthatthosewhotooktheirfriendsandcolleaguescouldathandmomentcomebacktoforthem?Therewillbeacollectivesighofreliefoncethisanniversaryweekhasbeen(hopefully)safelynegotiated,butmostNewYorkerswillnotforgetthatwhatmadethecitysuchanattractivetargetayearagocontinuestomakeitthelikeliestfocusforanyfutureattackinAmerica.

Thecity’sboostersclaimthatpeoplewerebondedmorecloselythanevertotheBigApplebythecommunalpullingtogetheroftherecoveryeffort.

Itisdebatablewhetherthiswouldhavehappenediftheterroristshadstruckagain,orhaddonesomoreeffectivelythanwiththefewanthrax-carrying(含有炭疽病毒的)lettersthatwerereceivedlastOctoberfromstill-unknownauthors.Fornow,thelureofNewYorkhaspersuadedmostofitsinhabitantstogamblethatSeptember11thwasaone-off.

Suchcalculationssurelyoverstatetheterrorists’impact,becausetheyassumethattheattackstoppedanascenteconomicup-turninitstracks.ThatgivesinsufficientweighttothedamagethatWallStreetwouldhavesufferedanywayduetothecrisisofinvestorconfidencefollowingthecollapseofEnron,theaccountingscandalsandsoforth.

【答案】五月底的阵亡将士纪念日快到了,大众感到一阵恐慌,因为联邦政府像民众一样担心恐怖分子也许会用大规模杀伤性武器袭击一些城市。纽约《时代》杂志刊登了与封面图片有关的文章,探讨如果核弹在时报广场爆炸会发生什么样的情况。

（但愿）周年纪念周安全度过以后,大众都会松一口气。但是,大多数纽约人不会忘记,既然纽约一年前成为恐怖袭击的目标,它以后仍最有可能成为美国受到袭击的重要目标。

如果恐怖分子再度袭击,如果袭击比去年10月从几位匿名作者那里收到的、含有炭疽病毒的信件更可怕,公众是否还会如此团结,这一点尚有争议。

13.单选题

Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,manydifferentkindsofProtestants（新教徒）livedtoAmerica.AlthoughtheChurchofEnglandwasanestablishedchurchinseveralcolonies,Protestantslivedsidebysideinrelativeharmony.Alreadytheyhadbeguntoinfluenceeachother.TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations.

AtthesametimetheworksofJohnLockewerebecomingknowninAmerica.JohnLockereasonedthattherighttogoverncomesfromanagreementor“socialcontract”voluntarilyenteredintobyfreepeople.ThePuritanexperienceinformingcongregationsmadethisideaseemnaturaltomanyAmericans.Takingitoutoftherealmofsocialtheory,theymadeitarealityandformedanation.

ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward.AfewAmericansweresoinfluencedbythenewscienceandnewideasoftheEnlightenmentinEuropethattheybecamedeists,believingthatreasonteachesthatGodexistsbutleavesmanfreetosettlehisownaffairs.

ManytraditionalProtestantsanddeistscouldagree,however,that,astheDeclarationofIndependencestates，”allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,”andthat“thelawsofNatureandNature’sGod”entitledthemtoformanewnation.Amongtherightsthatthenewnationguaranteed,asapoliticalnecessityinareligiouslydiversesociety,wasfreedomofreligion.

TheFirstAmendment（修正案）totheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesforbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion.TheUnitedStateswouldhavenostate-supportedreligioninthisway,thosemenwhoformulatedtheprincipaltenetsofthenewlyestablishedpoliticalsystemhopedtoinsurethatdiversityofreligionbeliefshouldneverbecomethesourceofsocialorpoliticalinjusticeordisaffection.

TheFirstAmendmentinsuredthatAmericangovernmentwouldnotmeddleinreligiousaffairsorrequireanyreligiousbeliefsofitscitizens.Butdiditmeanthatgovernmentwouldbereligiouslyneutral,treatingallreligionsalike?

Insomeways,thegovernmentsupportsallreligions.ReligiousgroupsdonotpaytaxestotheUnitedStatesPresidentsandotherpoliticalleadersoftencallonGodtoblesstheAmericannationandpeople.Thosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofightcanperformotherservicesinsteadofbecomingsoldiers.Butgovernmentdoesnotpayministerssalariesorrequireanybelief-notevenabeliefinGod-asaconditionofholdingpublicoffice.Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead.

Thetruthisthatforsomepurposesgovernmentignoresreligionandforotherpurposedittreatsallreligionsalikeatleastasfarasispractical.Whendisputesabouttherelationshipbetweengovernmentandreligionarise,Americancourtsmustsettlethem.

1.WhatistheGreatAwakening?

2.WhatcontrolledAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependence?

3.（

）

entitledAmericanstohavethefreedomofreligion.

4.IntheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,itisstipulatedthat

5.Whichofthefollowingistheproofthatthegovernmentignoresreligioninsomeways?

问题1选项

A.TocutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroupsordenomination.

B.Arevivalmovementofseekingtobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion.

C.Tolivesidebysideinrelativeharmony.

D.Tospreadreligiousideatoothercountries.

问题2选项

A.Politics

B.Religion

C.Protestants

D.Church

问题3选项

A.TheFirstAmendment

B.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates

C.AmericanGovernment

D.TheDeclarationofIndependence

问题4选项

A.thegovernmentcanentitlestate-supportedreligiontoenjoysomespecialrights

B.thegovernmentcannottakeanyactiontolimitthepracticeofanyreligion

C.theUnitedStateswouldhavenonationalreligion

D.thegovernmentwillnotinterveneinthesocialorpoliticalinjustice

问题5选项

A.ReligiousgroupneednotpaytaxesintheUnitesStates.

B.PresidentseldomcallsonGodtoblessAmericaanditspeople

C.Forthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,oathscanbereplacedbyasolemnaffirmationordeclaration.

D.Forthosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofight,performingotherservicescantaketheplaceofbeingsoldiers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations提及“大觉醒运动”是为了为宗教带来新气象和新力量，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward提到战时政治占据了人们的思想，选项A符合题意。

3.文章第四段提及《独立宣言》（theDeclarationofIndependence）提倡人生而平等，并肯定了人们具有某些不可剥夺的权利，宗教自由就是其中之一。选项D符合题意。

4.文章第五段和第六段提及美国《宪法》《第一修正案》禁止政府树立官方宗教或阻碍宗教自由，也不允许参与宗教事务和对公民的强加宗教信仰（forbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion）。选项B符合题意。

5.文章倒数第二段最后一句Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead提到向上帝宣誓并非强制性的，例如贵格派教徒可以用其他方式代替宣誓。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants（）downfrom112to58.

问题1选项

A.seized

B.starved

C.calculated

D.split

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项seized“逮住，抓住”；B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”；C选项calculated“计算”；D选项split“劈开”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民数量从112人下降到了58人。根据前半句表述的因为缺少食物和水，可知后半句中非法移民数量减少的原因是挨饿。所以空格处填B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”合适。因此B选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Heisverymuchlookingforward（）visitingyourcountry.

问题1选项

A.by

B.with

C.to

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查固定搭配。lookingforwardto“期待，盼望”，句意：他非常期待访问贵国。因此，C选项符合句意。

16.单选题

TheannouncementthattheSovietUnionhasreachedparitywiththeUnitedStatesinICBM’sdominatedthenewsofrocketsandmissilesthisyear.

问题1选项

A.challenge

B.equality

C.velocity

D.criterion

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.challenge挑战，艰巨任务B.equality平等，均等

C.velocity（沿某一方向的）速度D.criterion（评判或作决定的）标准，准则

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】parity的意思为“（尤指薪金或地位）平等，相同”，指的是苏联和美国在洲际弹道导弹方面的实力相当，equality与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】在今年有关火箭和导弹的新闻中，苏联在洲际弹道导弹方面已与美国势均力敌是特大新闻。

17.单选题

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctorstwoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialistsinagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes.Regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistswhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements，physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.Smedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.Shealthcaresystemis（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat（

）.

3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminatelyprimarycarephysicianshaveto

（

）.

4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

问题1选项

A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D.theever-risinghealthcarecosts

问题2选项

A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

问题3选项

A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C.makevariousdealswithspecialists

D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

问题4选项

A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

问题5选项

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。通读全文，可知作者提出了美国目前初级护理医师比例的严重失衡，造成这一现象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解决的方法，因此C选项“初级保健资源萎缩”符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.（与人们普遍的看法相反，医生照顾你的次数越多，就不能保证更好的护理）可知人们通常认为医生照顾病人越多，就越好。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段和第五段中physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices（医生们别无选择，只能增加数量以增加收入。拒绝妥协质量的初级保健医师要么被逐出行业，要么从事与一些现金相关的行业）可知D选项“以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第六段Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.（他们看到了费用返还体制是如何严重地弄虚作假，不利于初级护理）可知B选项“现行制度是针对初级护理”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章倒数第三段提出了解决初级护理的一些措施，包括：改革医生返还费用制度；减轻初级保健医生压力；免除选择初级护理作为职业的学生贷款；缩小专科医师与初级护理医师薪水的差异。因此A选项“缩小专家和初级保健医生之间的工资差距”符合题意。

18.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.

【答案】我们所遇到的几乎所有重要问题都涉及到人的行为，而且仅靠物理技术和生物技术是无法解决这些问题的。我们所需要的是一种行为技术，但是可能产生这种技术的科学一直发展缓慢。难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。物理学和生物学一度模仿类似的做法并且只有当它们抛弃这些做法后才得到发展。行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

19.单选题

Peoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（长寿）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthan—thegapisgrowing.

Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen（andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents）.

Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.

Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.

Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.（Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.）Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.

Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流产）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

3.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?

6.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“（）”.

7.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Womendidnotlivelonger