考研考博-英语-山东艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4VIP

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

GlobalwarmingcouldtransformlargepartsofAfrica:shiftingrains,spreadingmalariaandotherinsectbornediseases,evenchangingthesizeoftheSaharaDesert.

Yet,thebulkoftheworld'sclimateforecastinghasbeenconcentratedonthoseregionsthathostthesupercomputersthatcandoit:theU.S.,Europeandtherestofthedevelopedworld.

That’ssettochange.Meetingforjustthethirdtimesince1979,theWorldClimateConferenceestablishedaframeworklastweekforextendingscience-basedclimatepredictionstoall.Thinktheweatherforecast,onlylarger.

Thisconferenceisfamousfor,amongotherthings,creatingtheInternationalPanelonClimateChange,whosereportshavewarnedtheworldofacceleratingclimatechange.Thegoalofthisnewframeworkistobetterenableallcountriestoadapttothatfutureclimate.Tothatend,itcallsforexpandedobservationsoftheglobalclimate,publicaccesstoclimatedata,moreclimatepredictionresearchandanewClimateServicesInformationSystem.Thiswillprovidelocalgovernmentswithexpectedchangestowaterresources,agriculture,fisheries,forests,evenhealth.

Ofcourse,climatepredictionswillalsoguideadaptationtoawarmerglobe,andevenpotentiallyprovideearlywarningsfornaturaldisasters.Buttheywon'tbeperfect.AsRobertHeinleinsaid,climateiswhatyouexpect,weatheriswhatyouget.

【答案】【参考译文】

全球变暖可能会改变非洲的大部分地区：使雨带转移，传播疟疾和其他昆虫传播疾病，甚至改变撒哈拉沙漠的大小。

然而，世界上大部分能对气候进行预测的地区都集中在拥有超级计算机的地区：美国、欧洲和其他发达国家。

这种情况肯定是要改变的。自从1979年以来，世界气候会议才召开了三次，为了让科学的气候预报扩展到所有的国家，世界气候会议上周为此确立了一个框架协议。以后想到天气预报，其预报范围可能要大一些了。

这次会议出名是因为成立了国际气候变化委员会，这个委员会对全球气候加速提出了警告。这个新框架的目标是使所有国家更好地适应未来的气候。为此，它呼吁扩大对全球气候的观测，让公众获得气候数据，开展更多的气候预测研究，并建立一个新的气候服务信息系统。这将为地方政府提供水资源、农业、渔业、林业、甚至健康的预期变化。

当然，气候预测也将指导如何人们适应全球变暖，甚至可能为自然灾害提供早期预警。但这不会是完美的。正如罗伯特•海因莱因（RobertHeinlein）所说，你预测的是气候，而你经历的是天气。

2.单选题

Thecarmanufacturerhaslaid______1,000workersbecauseofthedropinsales.

问题1选项

A.out

B.down

C.aside

D.off

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.out向外B.down向下

C.aside离开，在旁边D.off离开

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】由thedropinsales（销量下降）可知，空格处应该表示“解雇了1000名工人”，layoff固定搭配，表示“解雇，停止工作”。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项layout（展示，安排）、B选项laydown（放下，制定）、C选项layaside（搁置，留存）均不符合句意。

【句意】由于销量下降，这家汽车制造商已经解雇了1000名工人。

3.单选题

Inthepresenteconomic（

）,itisevenmorenecessarytohavemoreknowledgethanbefore.

问题1选项

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项air“空气，大气”；B选项mood“情绪，气氛”；C选项area“区域，地区”；D选项climate“气候，风气，思潮，风土”。air指自然界中的环境氛围。mood侧重人的情绪。area侧重地理位置的区域，地区。句意为：当前的经济形势，要求比以前更有必要掌握更多的知识。故正确答案选D。

4.单选题

Manyrapecrisisandbatteredwomen’sprogramsalsohaveeducationalcomponentsfocusingonyouth.However,mostoftheseapproachesdependuponindividualclasspresentationswithoutensuringotheraspectsofnecessary（

）support,includingthoroughstafftraining,supportiveservicesformaleandfemalevictims,andrehabilitativeanddisciplinaryprogramsforabusers.

问题1选项

A.stylized

B.dogmatized

C.formalized

D.institutionalized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stylized“非写实的；程式化的”；B选项dogmatized“武断的”；C选项formalized“形式化的；正式的”；D选项institutionalized“约定俗成的；使成惯例的”句意：许多强奸危机和受虐妇女项目也有针对青年的教育内容。然而，这些方法大多依赖于个别的课堂报告，而没有确保其他方面的必要的……的支持，包括彻底的工作人员培训、对男女受害者的支持服务、对施虐者的康复和纪律方案。由句意判断可知缺少制度化的支持，D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

______,itiswidelyusedinmakingflaresandfireworks.

问题1选项

A.Asthebrilliantwhitelightthatburningmagnesiumproduces

B.Becauseofthebrilliantwhitelightofburningmagnesium

C.Thebrilliantwhitelightofburningmagnesium

D.Burningmagnesiumproducesabrilliantwhitelight

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词。句意：由于镁燃烧时发出明亮的白光，它被广泛用于制造照明弹和烟花。A选项中as“因为”只能接句子，不能接名词性短语；B选项中becauseof“因为”可以接名词性短语，符合题意；C选项是名词性短语，放进来整个句子结构错误；D选项是完整的句子，放进来构成两个独立的句子且没有连词进行连接，语法错误。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

（）2.6millionpeoplestartingdietsonNewYear’sDay,researchsuggeststhatbytheendoftheweek92percentofdietersgaveup，shunningexerciseandgorgingoncomfortfood.

问题1选项

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.While

D.Despite

【答案】D

【解析】考查词语辨析。inspite应与of搭配；although“尽管”，连词；while“然而，连词；当……的时候”；despite“尽管”，介词。空格后是名词短语，因此前面只能是介词。句意：年底前的研究表明，尽管2.600万人元旦开始节食，92%的节食者在一周后就放弃了,然后回避运动并大吃安慰食品。因此选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Somefeltthattheywerehurryingintoanepochofunprecedentedenlightenment,inwhichbettereducationandbeneficialtechnologywould（）wealthandleisureforall.

问题1选项

A.maintain

B.ensure

C.certify

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。maintain“维持，继续”；ensure“保证，确保”；certify“证明，保证”；console“安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人认为他们正在匆忙进入一个前所未有的启蒙时代，在这个时代，更好的教育和科技将确保所有人的财富和闲暇。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

问题1选项

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

问题2选项

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

问题3选项

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers

D.triedascientificmanagementapproach

问题4选项

A.scientificandhuman

B.efficientbutslave-driving

C.academicbutpracticable

D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful

问题5选项

A.purchasedasteelmill

B.soldasteelmill

C.startedtoprotectenvironment

D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科学和竞争为工业效率的提高提供了方法和必要性。”而文章第一段主要讲的是科学给工业带来的突破以及竞争的必要性。综合考虑以上内容，要提高生产效率，那么科学和竞争是必需的。因此C项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。通过文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的却是他将科学方法应用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中应用科学的管理方法而闻名于世。因此，正确答案是A项。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英国科学家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功运用了科学的管理方法，被认为是成本核算之父。因此，正确答案是D项。

4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒强调的是人性化的方法，而非当时常见的奴隶式的方法。动词短语emphasizeAoverB表示“与B相比更强调A”。因此，泰勒强调管理方法的科学性和人性化。本题正确答案为A项。

5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追随者则继续在世界各地推广他的方法。因此，D项是正确答案。

9.写作题

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

10.单选题

TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope'sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.

Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince14O4.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersofclub—Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.

TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspentItcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope-onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.

NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline,AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans"landofcompatriots,"istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere—onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.

“UntilveryrecenttimemostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales'sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.

"Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,"Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.’’Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we'reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging."

1.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeatto（

）.

2.Theword“centrifogal”inthesecondparagraphmesas

（

）.

3.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity

（

）.

5.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedis（

）.

问题1选项

A.maintaintothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeatto

B.reducelegislativepowersofEngland.

C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations

D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion.

问题2选项

A.separatist

B.conventional

C.feudal

D.political

问题3选项

A.people’sdesirefordevolution.

B.locals’turnoutforthevoting

C.powersofthelegislativebody.

D.statusofthenationallanguage.

问题4选项

A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.

B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.

C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.

D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.

问题5选项

A.people'smentality.

B.popculture.

C.town’sappearance.

D.possibilitiesforthepeople.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.devotion出现在文章第二段第三句TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom，该句提到为了恢复大不列颠各成员国之间的平衡而采取了权利下放，devolution是“权利下放”的意思。选项C提到的“创建一个更好的平等状态”与“恢复各成员国间的平衡”意思相近，符合题意。

2.centrifugal出现在文章第二段最后一句abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion，可推测centrifugal应与union意思相反，是威胁联盟团结的事物，选项A“分离主义”符合题意。

3.文章第三段第一句TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution提到威尔士人对权利下放热情很低，但苏格兰人却不一样（WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelmingly…）由此可知选项A是两者的区别，排除；第三段第二句WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent提到苏格兰以压倒性的多数投票选举会，而威尔士的投票人数低于了25%，选项B“投票选举的出席人数”也是二者的区别，排除；第三段提到威尔士与苏格兰不同的地方之一是没有立法权（Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws），选项C排除。因此，选项D符合题意。

4.文章第三段倒数第二句MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty提到威尔士从欧盟得到近两百万美元解决贫困问题。但是这里主要是对威尔士情况的介绍，并非国家地位复兴的例子，所以选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后两段提到DyfanJones的看法。他认为威尔士人天生缺乏信心（Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence），接着提到了人们开始改变“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we'reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging”，他们变得有信心。由此可知，威尔士人的心态发生了变化。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Withthe（

）ofMary,allthegirlstudentsareeagertogototheparty.

问题1选项

A.exhibition

B.exception

C.except

D.reception

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exhibition“展览，展览会；显示”；exception“例外，异议”；except“除……之外”，是介词；reception“接待，接收”。句意：除了玛丽之外，所有的女生都希望去聚会。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（）themthatImanagedtogetthemon.

问题1选项

A.spreading

B.squeezing

C.extending

D.stretching

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。spread“传播，散步”；squeeze“压榨，榨取”;extend“延长，扩展”；stretch“伸展，拉伸”。句意：这副手套太小了，只有不停地拉伸它才能将它戴上。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

I’msorryIhavetocancellunchonTuesday.MysecretaryinformsmethatI'llbeinmeetingsalldaylongtoputthefinaltouchesonourbudgetfornextyear.Howdoesyourschedulelooknextweek?

问题1选项

A.sorryIhavetocancel

B.informs

C.alldaylong

D.putthefinaltouchesonourbudgetfor

E.没有错误

【答案】E

14.单选题

TheheadquartersofthisoilcompanyisinLondonwhileits（）companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworld.

问题1选项

A.subsidiary

B.ultimate

C.inferior

D.precedented

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项subsidiary“附属的；辅助的”；B选项ultimate“最终的；极限的；根本的”；C选项inferior“差的；自卑的；下等的”；D选项precedented“有先例的”。句意：这家石油公司的总部在伦敦，而它的附属公司却位于世界的不同地方。结合此处语境，A选项正确。

15.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onoccasion“间或，有时”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有时，这给银行造成麻烦。)；B选项onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地来这里看你。)；C选项oncondition“在……条件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D选项onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首时，后面主句的主谓语要倒装，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这屋。)。四个选项中只有C选项oncondition后面跟that从句，表示“在……条件下”。句意：他向我借钱，我同意了，但条件是下周还钱。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

16.单选题

ThelargevillageinsouthernHunanwhereshewasbomandgrowupisinahillyareanotfarfromtheborderwithGuangdong.

问题1选项

A.insouthernHunan

B.growup

C.inahillyarea

D.borderwithGuangdong

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】时态错误。grow改为grew。and表示并列，and前用的一般过去时was，后面也应该用一般过去时。

17.单选题

Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow（）,particularlyinWesternEurope.

问题1选项

A.obscure

B.obsolete

C.optional

D.overlapping

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的”；B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”；C选项optional“可选择的”；D选项overlapping“重叠的”。根据句意可知，火药的引入应该是使弓箭逐渐被淘汰，所以选项B符合句意。

18.单选题

Onceuponatime,theemblematicjazzsingerwasanAfrican-Americanwoman,serenadingasmoke-filledroom.ThinkBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.BorninRussia,shefledwithherfamilytoIsraelattheageof7,thensettledinCanadaat16.NowshesellsouttheBlueNotejazzclubinTokyo.Herrootsandherreachareglobal.Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.

YetMilmanandotherslikeherareredefiningjazzbydrawingontheAmericansongbook.InhisbookTheJazzSingers,ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.Milman—who’sfluentinFrench,English,Russian,andHebrew—singsColePorter’s“LoveforSale”inaclear,valiantaltothatboomsdownlowandreacheseffortlesslyuphigh.ElisabethKontomanou,whoisGreekandGuinean,insistsonknowingtheAfrican-Americanrootsofthemusicsheplays.“Jazzisinnovation,butwithallthecultureandtheunderstandingofwhathasalreadybeendone,”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tlookatthat,yougetatasteless,odorless,andcolorlessmusic.”OnherlastCD,Brewin’theBlues,shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”

Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.VirginieTeychenecomesfromthesouthofFrancebutlearnedEnglishwithherfather,whousedtoshowAmericanMarinestheFrenchwayoflife.“Frenchdoesn’tlenditselftojazz,”shesays.“Wordscanoftenfallflat,asitishardtosinginFrenchonrhythm.”Teychene,whowasnameda“newrevelation”atFrance’sJuan-les-Pinsjazzfestivallastyear,coverssongslike“TakeATrain”inherpure,lowvoice.BornandraisedinTurin,theItalianchanteuseRobertaGambarinirecordedSwedishfolksongsearlyinhercareerbuthaslatelyturnedtotheromanticeraofAmericanjazz.Hernewrecord,“SoinLove”,revolvesaroundsweetrenditionsoftuneslike“ThatOldBlackMagic”—asongSarahVaughanmadefamousinthe40s.“ThebulkofgoodsongsthatallowyoutoimprovisehappentolargelybepartoftheGreatAmericanSongbook,”shesays.

That’snottosaythatthesevocalistsaren’tpushingboundaries.EsperanzaSpalding,whowasborntoaWelsh-Hispanic-NativeAmericanmotherandablackfatherandraisedintheStates,singsinEnglish,Spanish,andPortuguese.Whenrecordingthe1930sstandard“BodyandSoul”,sherenamedit“CuerpoyAlma”,andpulledoffafierySpanishrendition.“Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.”shesays.

Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.“Ilikewhenpeoplecometoseemeattheendofaconcert,surprisedthatthisisactuallyjazzandthattheycanenjoyitwithoutreallyknowingtheculture,”saysTeychene.Yetifaskedwherethewindingroadoffamestarts,thesesingersgiveatraditionalanswer.“IfyoulivedeepintheheartofChinaandyouwanttobeajazzmusician,youstillhavetogotoNewYorkorNewOrleansandplayjazz,”saysKontomanou.Thenyoumovetoanothercountryandshareitwiththeworld.

21.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSophieMilman?

22.Whatdothenewjazzsingershaveincommon?

23.ItcanbeinferredthatScottYanow’sattitudetowardsthenewjazzsingersis________.

24.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatthosenewjazzsingersare“pushingboundaries”(Paragraph4)?

25.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thosepopularnewjazzsingersattributetheirsuccessto________.

问题1选项

A.Shehasmulticulturalbackgrounds.

B.Sheisanemblematicjazzsinger.

C.ShelovesthemusicofBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.

D.Shecreatesthenewjazzsinger.

问题2选项

A.TheyallcomefromEurope.

B.Theyresemblethepioneersofjazzmusicinlooksandlanguage.

C.Theyallbringsomethingnewtojazzmusic.

D.Theydon’tlikesinginlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

问题3选项

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.negative

问题4选项

A.Theysometimesdon’tsticktothetraditionalrenderingofjazzmusic.

B.TheydonotalwayssinginEnglish.

C.Theyliketotrydifferentmusicalinstrumentwhenplayingjazz.

D.Theywouldprefertosingsongsallcreatedbythemselves.

问题5选项

A.earlyexposuretoAmericanjazzculture

B.goodcommandofEnglishlanguage

C.innovationandoriginality

D.travellingaroundworld

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四、五句Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.（今天，一群才华横溢的国际化年轻歌手正在创造一种新爵士歌手：国际化的女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。以今天的后起之秀，26岁的索菲•米尔曼为例。），索菲•米尔曼是全球化女歌手之一，所以A选项“她有多文化背景”正确；这一群女歌手开创了新爵士歌手，所以D选项“索菲•米尔曼开创了新爵士歌手”错误。B选项“她是一位具有代表性的爵士歌手”：文中没有提到米尔曼在爵士乐的地位，故错误。C选项“她喜欢BillieHoliday和EllaFitzgerald的音乐”：根据第二段最后一句shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”（她遵循自己的原则，重温了爵士偶像们不太出名的歌曲，比如比莉•哈乐黛的《告诉我更多更多》。），翻唱不代表喜欢听，故错误。因此A选项正确。

22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三、四句newbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.（新爵士歌手：国际化女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。），新爵士歌手为传统美国音乐注入新的活力，所以C选项“她们都给爵士乐带来了新的东西”正确；这里强调的是这些爵士歌手接触世界各地的文化，米尔曼就来自俄罗斯，所以A选项“她们都来自欧洲”错误；B选项“她们在外观和语言上类似于爵士音乐的先驱”：根据第一段最后一句Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.（从外表和语言上看，她与半个多世纪前的先驱者相差无几。），这里指的是米尔曼和爵士乐先驱者差不多，而不是这些新爵士歌手，故错误。D选项“她们不喜欢用英语以外的语言唱歌”：根据第三段第一句Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.（已证实语言对这些女性没有任何障碍，她们都用英语唱歌。），这里指的是她们可以用英语唱歌，不代表不喜欢用其他语言唱歌，故错误。因此C选项正确。

23.观点态度题。根据第二段第二句ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.（斯科特•耶诺指出，在21世纪的爵士歌手中，只有“少数人设法以新的方式重新投资标准”，这正是这个新阶层做得如此出色的原因。），斯科特•耶诺褒奖新爵士歌手，所以B选项“肯定的”正确。A选项“批判的”，C选项“中立的”和D选项“否定的”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

24.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.（即使你使用过去的词汇，你也总会创造出新的东西），可知这里的突破界限是对已有的东西再创造，所以A选项“她们不是一味按照爵士音乐的传统方式表演”正确，B选项“她们不全用英语唱歌”不是这里的重点，故错误。C选项“她们喜欢尝试用不同的乐器演奏爵士乐”和D选项“她们更喜欢唱自己创作的歌曲”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

25.推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.（归根结底，这种对爵士乐根源的回归与真实性和接受性有关。），可知新爵士歌手取得成功是因为对爵士乐本身的理解，所以A选项“早期接触美国爵士乐文化”正确。B选项“良好的英语语言能力”，C选项“创新和原创性”和D选项“周游世界”不是这里的重点，故错误。因此A选项正确。

19.单选题

NegotiatorsfromaroundtheglobeonSundaymorningreachedaclimatechangeagreementthatwouldcommiteverynationtoreducingitsrateofgreenhousegasemissions—yetwouldstill（）whatisneededtostaveoffthedangerousandcostlyearlyimpactsofglobalwarming.

问题1选项

A.fallfarshortwith

B.fallfarshortof

C.fallnothingshortwith

D.fallnothingshortof

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。fallfarshortof“远远不足”；fallnothingshortof“无异于……”，没有fallfarshortwith和fallnothingshortwith两种搭配，选项A和C可排除。句意：周日早上，来自全球的谈判代表关于气候变化达成了一项协议，该协议承诺每个国家要减少温室气体的排放量。然而，对于延缓全球变暖所导致的危险和高昂的代价来说，是远远不够的。选项B符合题意。

20.单选题

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,th