情态动词(讲义及答案)

情态动词(讲义及答案)情态动词(讲义及答案)情态动词(讲义及答案)资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月情态动词(讲义及答案)版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：情态动词（讲义）一、can,could,may,might表示请求许可区别CanItakethebookawayCouldItakethebookawayMayItakethebookawayMightItakethebookaway语气的委婉程度从高到低为can,could,may,might。can,could,might表示请求许可时的回答。—CanyougivemeanotherchanceIcan. No,Ican’t.—CouldIlookatyourpicturesofcourseyou ./—Iamsorryyou .ould能„„吗ncan’tcould来回答。—MayIspeaktoyouforamomentinprivate,pleaseMayIMayI…”句式，表示“我可以„„吗”肯定回答用Yes,youmay./Yes,please./Yes,ofcourse.否定回答用No,youcan’t./No,youmustn’t.( )—MayIsmokehere— ,you .canbedangerous.can B.No;can’tC.mayD.No;needn’tMightIcomeinMightIborrowsomemoneymight用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事，常出现在口语中，用法稍显过时。maycan’tmustn’t。练习：( )—CanIgetyouadrink— .Iamnotveryniceofyou B.No,youdon’thavetoC.please D.pleasure( )—MayIleavetheclassroomnow 1—No,you .shouldn’tleaveuntilthebellrings.A.maynot B.can’t C.needn’t D.couldn’t( )— youpassmeapenI’dliketowritedownthetelephoneA.Need B.Could C.Must D.Should( )—CouldIuseyoureraserforawhileofcourseyou .A.could B.will C.can D.should二、情态动词和短语情态动词情态动词needThelittlegirlneedstogetsomesleep.Ineededtwomoredaystofinishthework.Doyouneedtohavesomecoffeeneed作实义动词，有人称，时态的变化。接动词时，用动词不定式。—NeedIcomeherebeforeeighttomorrowmorning—No,youneedn’t.need作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。判断下列句子中的need属于实义动词还是情态动词needstohavearestafteraworking. NeedIpaythedishesnow Hedidn’tneedtogothehospital. Heneedn’thavegonetohospital—heonlyhadacold. dare敢于Iwouldneverdaretostealthingsfromstores.DoyoudaretotellherwhatIsaidIdidn’tdaretolookathim.Idaren’ttellmymotherthetruth.dare可以做实义动词，后面接动词不定式（口语中to可以省略）也可做情态动词，常用于否定句和疑问句。shallWeshallbeawaynextweek.IshallbeinHenannextFriday.I/weshall，用于表示未来要做的事。ShallIopenthewindowShallwemeetatsix,OKWhatshallImakefordinnershallI/we，„„好吗要不要„„用于提建议或要求他人做请补充完整下面的对话A:HowcanwegothereB:Wecangotherebybus.A:HowlongwillittakeustogetthereB:Abouthalfanhour.A: B:Let’smeetatthebusstopat7o’clock.短语情态动词hvetoYoudon’thavetobeheretomorrow.hadbetter“最好”Youhadbetterstayathometomorrow,foritwillrainheavily.Tinahadbetternotputofftheplanbecauseitisveryimportant.否定形式为hadbetternotwouldrather“宁愿”Iwouldrathergotherewithyou.我宁愿不去电影院。Iwouldrathernotgotothecinema.否定形式为wouldrathernotoughtto1）表义务，意为应该（因责任、义务等该做should稍重。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.Yououghtnottosmokesomuch.2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱，可翻译为“应该„„吧”。HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.There’safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.三、情态动词加完成时情态动词表示对现在情况的推测It’sjustfiveo’clock.Marymustbestayingonbednow.3肯定推测Thatcan’tbeTom.HewenttoBeijingyesterday.否定推测Hemay/mightbeinChinanow.可能性推测情态动词表示对过去情况的推测musthavedoneHemusthavearrivedinHenanatthattime.Lucymusthavefinishedthebookbeforeshereturnedit.昨晚一定有人进来这个房间了。Somebody intheroomlastnight.musthavedone对过去的肯定推测，翻译为“一定„„了”。can’thavedoneMissLican’thavegonetoShanghai.Imetheryesterday.Hecan’thavedonethatbecausehestayedwithmeatthattime.nthavedon“不可能做了„„Jimmy不可能打扫了房子，因为他昨天就不在家。Jimmycan’thavecleanedupthehousebecausehewasnotathomeyesterday.情态动词表示对过去情况的虚拟shouldhavedoneTom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterda.Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Myfathershouldhavegothomeatsevenbuthiscarbrokeoffontheway.shouldhvedone翻译为“本应该„„了（但实际没有（也可用oughttohavedone）我本就应该知道他是在骗我的。I thathewaslyingtome.needn’thavedoneYouneedn’thavedoneitbyyourself.Youcouldaskothersforhelp.Mymomneedn’thavetoldmethesewords.Iknewhowtodoit.Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchfood—onlyfivepeoplecame.needn’thavedone翻译为“本不应该做„„（实际做了。couldhavedoneYoucouldhavegothigherscores.4Icouldhavebeenthereyesterday,butImetTomontheway.ouldhavedone“本能够„„（实际未能做某事）练习：( )Thegroundiswet.haverainedlastnight.can’t B.needn’t C.should D.must( )Smith havegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustA.must B.needn’t C.can’t D.should( )They havefinishedtheworkbutitwasraininghard.A.must B.could C.should D.needn’t( )I haveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.A.could B.must C.needn’t D.should四、情态动词考点总结常考点：通过语境分析说话人语气，选用最合适的情态动词( )Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.cutyourneed B.must C.should D.may( )InordertospeakEnglishbetter,we _beafraidoflosingface.Remember,practicemakesperfect.should B.shouldn’t C.haveto D.must( stopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.can B.hadbetter C.need D.must( )There’senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.hurrynow.A.should B.needn’t C.must D.can’t常考点：情态动词与一般现在时连用，表示对现在的推测。( )—IsHuinthereadingroom—No,he bethere.HehasgonetoTianjin.mustn’t B.needn’t C.won’t D.can’t( )Thisbook look!Hernameisonthebookcover.A.mustbe B.maybeC.can’tbe D.mustn’tbe( )—Thispairofshoes belongtoJack.Helikesthiskindverymuch.5—It behis.toolargeforhim.A.can;can’t B.may;needn’tC.must;mustn’t D.must;can’t常考点：mustn’tmust问句的回答( )Accordingtothetrafficlaws,people _driveafterdrinkingwineorwouldn’t B.couldn’tC.needn’t D.mustn’t( )—Mustweleavenow—No,we .stillhavetwomorehours.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t( )—MissLi,mustwehandinourhomeworkrightnow—No,you .canhandinittomorrow.A.don’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.maynot( you _playwiththeknife.hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’t B.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;must D.can’t;should常考点：can,could,might表请求许可时的回答。( )—MayIleavenow—No,you .shouldwaithereuntillunchtime.can’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.won’t( )—CouldIhaveanothermom—No,you .badforyourteeth.couldn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’tExercises一、单项选择( )1.—CanIborrowyourpleaseyou_ .Butyoumustreturnitbeforelunchtime.have B.can C.must D.usedto( )2. youwaitafewmoreminutesIt’llbeyourturnsoon.A.Must B.Should C.Could D.Might( )3.— Itryontheseshoesinthewindow— .Theyarejuston6A.Could;youcan B.Can;youcouldn’tC.Could;youcan’t D.Can;youcould( )4.Ihearyou’vegotmanyforeigncoins. Ihavealook—Ofcourse,I’llfetchthemforyou.May B.Must C.Should D.Need( )5.—MayIsmokehere—I’msorryyou .isdangeroustosmokeatgasstation.needn’t B.couldn’tC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t( )6.LisaisalittlepooratChinese.Ithinksheneeds iteveryA.practicetospeak B.topracticespeakingC.practicespeaking D.topracticetospeak( )7.—Shallwetakeataxi—No,we .notfarfromhere.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t( )8.—WhatdoyouwanttoeatforlunchIwillprepareearlieryou .goouttohavesomethingdifferent.mustn’t B.can’tC.shouldn’t D.don’thaveto( )9.ratherhotintheroom.better thewindowsortheA.close B.nottoclosedon’tclose D.notclose( )10.Thestudentsoughttowearschooluniformswhenthey’reatschool.划线部分可以替换为： must B.wouldliketoC.should D.loveto( Harry havewonthespeechcontest easilyyesterday,buthegaveup.A.could B.might C.should D.must( )12.TheweatherwasfineI__ myumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenC.needn'thavetaken D.mustn'thavetaken( )13.Ididn’thearthephone.I asleep.A.mustbe B.musthavebeenC.shouldbe D.shouldhavebeen( )14.HeisnothavelenthimtheA.can’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t( )15.I hereintime,butImetanoldfriendofmine.Istoppedandtalkedwithhimforsometime.A.shouldn’thavecome B.musthavecomeC.needn’thavecome D.couldhavecome( )16.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She atthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespoken B.mightn’thavespokenC.can’thavespoken D.shouldn’thavespoken( )17.—CanyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoonIcan’t.I takecareofmylittlesisterathome.A.can B.may C.would D.haveto( )18.—Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow—It becloudyorWhoknowsmust B.might C.shall D.should( )19.—Howwasthepartylastnight,Mark—Itwase.must B.can C.should D.may( )20.