限制性、非限制性定语从句.童艳君3、24课件

关系副词引导的定语从句TheAttributiveClauseⅡ关系副词whenwherewhy1.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.定语从句我将永远忘不了_____________那一天。

我入团的whenIjoinedtheLeague.先行词关系副词在定语从句中充当时间状语when=onwhichwhen引导的定语从句:其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。（如：time,day,week,year,month等）例：Thetime

whenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.（一）关系副词when引导的定语从句知识拓展：1.关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。(具体只用什么介词，和先行词有关，视具体情况而定）Istillremembertheday

whenIfirstcametothisschool.(when=onwhich)Hecameatatime

whenweneededhimmost.(when=atwhich)Wewillneverforgettheyear1949

whenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.(when=inwhich)

when=介词+whichin/at/on2.若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。I’llneverforgetthetime

that/whichIspentoncampus.I’llneverforgetthetime

that/whichwasspentwithyou.2.Weexperiencedaperiod___communications（通讯）wereverydifficultintheareas.A.which

B.whose

C.inwhich

D.withwhich

C

Butfarmersinmoredevelopedcountriesoftengrowcropsinordertoselltoothercountries

wherefoodisingreaterdemand.wherefoodisingreaterneed.定语从句先行词关系副词=inwhich在定语从句中充当地点状语where定语从句的翻译：ThefactorywhereIworkwillclosedown._______________那家工厂将倒闭。我工作的1我将要去(我爷爷住的)那座城市。2I’llgotothecity_________________.wheremygrandpalives.2这附近有没有(我可以买到花的)商店？

Isthereashopnearhere___________________________?whereIcanbuysomeflowers?3我在（我们吃午餐的）那家餐馆里丢了钱包。

Ilostmywalletintherestaurant_____________________________.

wherewehadlunch.Practice（二）关系副词where引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。（如：place,school,factory,room等）

例：Chinaistheonlycountrywherewildpandascanbefound.Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedtwoyearsago.如果先行词是相对抽象的名词，如situation，case，point，occasion，degree、scene、occasion、age、等后常用when引导，等，并且关系词在定语从句中做状语，这时应该用关系副词where引导.E.g.Youcouldgetintoasituation

whereyouhavetodecideimmediately.知识拓展：1.关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句(这个介词可以是at/in/on)。例：1)Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.＝Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.

2)ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.

=ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.3）Thefloorwherewesitisclean.Theflooronwhichwesitisclean.

Ireallydon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.我真的不知道_________________原因。

他再次迟到的whyhewaslateagain.定语从句先行词关系副词=forwhich在定语从句中充当原因状语why

Thereasonwhyhewassosadwasthathelostthegame._________________原因是他比赛输了。

他如此伤心的

whyhewassosad定语从句先行词关系副词=forwhich在定语从句中充当原因状语why（三）关系副词why

引导的定语从句。why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：excuse;explanation;reason等。例：Thereason

whyhedidn’tcometothepartyisthathedidn’twanttoseeJane.Wecan’taccepttheexcuse

whyyouwereabsent.Thisistheexplanation

whytheyputoffthemeeting.2.若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。Thereasonthat/whichshegavewasnottrue.即学即用1)Thereason________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.2)Thereason

heexplainedisnottrue.

why

that/which

小结：关系副词whenwherewhy充当时间状语,=介词+which充当地点状语,=介词+which充当原因状语,=for+which都相当于介词+which关系词及其用法小结关系代词指代在定从中省略否who

whomwhosewhichthat人作主语不省人作宾语可省人的/物的作定语(+n)不省事/物作主语/宾语作宾语时可省人/物作主语/宾语作宾语时可省关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略

that

关系副词指代在定从中省略否whenwherewhy介词+which作时间状语介词+whichfor+which作地点状语作原因状语不省不省不省不可以省略“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句类型和注意事项TheAttributiveClauseIII1：介词+whichTheschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasclean.Thereasonforwhichwedon’ttrusthimisthatheoftenlies.I‘llneverforgetthetimeonwhichweworkedonthefarm.Idon’tlikethewayinwhichshespeaks.Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tplayedcomputergames,crashedyesterday.GuncontrolisasubjectaboutwhichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.2:介词+whomThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.DoyouknowthestudenttowhomJaneistalking?ThestudenttowhomIwanttobegratefulisTom.3（注意）含有介词的固定短语一般不拆开，仍放在动词短语的后面。例如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正确）ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(错误)Thebabywhomthenursesarelookingafterarehealthy.（正确）Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookinghealthy.(错误)4：“who和that”不能作介词的宾语，介词后关系代词只能用whom（指人），which（指物）和whose（所有格，既指人也指物）。themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正确）TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasverycomfortable.(正确）Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(错误）TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(错误）

使用介词+关系代词引导定语从句时,介词怎么选择???1:取决于从句中谓语动词的固定搭配ThisisthedictionaryonwhichIspent50yuan.(spend…..on…)ThisisthedictionaryforwhichIpaid50yuan.(pay….for..)2:取决于介词和先行词之间的搭配关系IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirsttalkedtoaforeigner.我还记得第一次用英语和外宾交谈的那一天。（onaday)Wewon’tforgettheyearinwhichtheOlympicGameswasheldinBeijing.我们不会忘记奥运会在北京举办的那一年。（inayear)3：根据形容词与介词的搭配ThestudenttowhomIwanttobegratefulisTom.(sbbegratefultosb)时4:根据句意来确定介词Mycellphone,withoutwhichIcan’tplaygames,wasstolenyesterday.昨天我的手机被偷了，没有它我不能玩游戏。5：表示所属关系或者整体与部分的关系时，常用….ofwhich/whom来引导定语从句。Ihavethreebrothers,twoofwhomareteachers.我又三个兄弟，其中两个是老师。Sheboughtfivebooks,threeofwhichwereaboutEnglishgrammar.她买了五本书，其中有三本是关于英语语法的（四）判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要用关系副词

1.Thisisthemountainvillage_____

_Ivisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedlastyear.3.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedinlastyear.that/whichwherethat/which方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone解题思路：题干句如果是疑问句式，要将其转化为陈述句式。方法二中的第一个句子变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theoneD缺先行词第二个句子变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theoneA归纳关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分：1）先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；2）先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。way

作先行词时关系词的使用Ireallydon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalkswithhisparents.Doittheway

Ishowedyou.

先行词theway

(作状语时）inwhichthat×（不用）

辨析which/where/when/why在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语whichorwhere/when/why1.Thisisthemuseum_______mymotherworked10yearsago.(workedinthemuseum地点状语)Thisisthemuseum_________wasbuiltin1950.(themuseumwasbuild)（museum主语）在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语wherewhich2.July1,1921wastheday________our

Party

was

founded.(ourPartywasfoundedontheday作状语）July1,1921wastheday__________wewillnotforget.（wewillneverforgettheday作宾语）whenwhichwhichorwhere/when/why在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语3.Irememberthedays_________Ilivedinmyhometown.(Ilivedinmyhometown

during

the

days

作状语）Irememberthedays__________Ispentwithmygrandpa.（Ispentthedayswith..the

days作宾语）whenwhichwhichorwhere/when/why在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语4.The

house_______________we’regoingtovisitwasbuiltacenturyago.(visitthehouse)

The

house_________________usedtobeatempleisaschoolnow.(the

houseusedtobeatemple)

The

house_________heusedtolivewasflooded.(heusedtolivein

the

house)(which/that)which/thatwhere5.Abookstoreisaplace_________youcangetbooks.(youcangetthebooksin

the

place)Abookstoreisaplace_________booksaresold.(booksaresoldin

the

place)Abookstoreisaplace_____________sellbooks.(the

placesellsbooks)wherewhich/thatwhere6.Ican’tfindthecard_______Iwroteyouraddress.(Iwroteyouraddresson

thecard)Ican’tfindthecard_____________Iwroteyouraddress.7.Thebox__________heputhisphotosisgone.(heputhisphotointothebox)Thebox_______________heiscarryingisheavy.(heiscarryingthe

box)wherewhereonwhich(that/which)8.Thehotel_________westayedduringourholidaystandsbytheseaside.(westayedinthehotel)Thehotel______________standsbytheseasideisquitecomfortable.(thehotelstandsbytheseaside)wherewhich/thatwhichorwhere/when/why在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语9.Thereason_______hediditisnotclear.(hediditfor….reason作状语

)Thereason________hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.(hegavethe

reason(宾语)totheteacher)whywhichwhichorwhere/when/why在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语1.Doyouknow_____________________________________(老师生气的原因)?2._____________________(我们住过的酒店)providedreallygoodservice.3.Thethirdhourofclassintheafternoonis___________________________(我们运动的时间).4.Idon’tlike_______________________________(我在那丢过钱包的那家商店).

thereasonwhytheteacherwasangryThe

hotelwherewestayed

thetimewhenwehavesports

theshopwhereIlostmywallet完成句子：5.____________________________________(我爸爸工作的那家医院)isnotfarfromhere.

6.I’llneverforget____________________________________(我在农村工作的那些日子).7I’veneverseenhimsince________________________________(他出国的那一年).8.

_____________________________(我不给你写信的原因)wasthatIhadforgotyouraddress.The

hospital

where

my

father

works

the

dayswhenIworkedinthecountryside

theyearwhenhewentabroadThereasonwhyIdidn’twritetoyou

as引导的非限制性定语从句与it引导的句子Theearthisround,and____isknowntoall.______isknowntoall,theearthisround.______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.

A.(I)it

B.A(a)sABA3.定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.（从句）Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.（从句）状语thatas定语分析：从引导词来看:1)状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，2)而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawerwherehecaneasilyfindit.（从句）Pleaseputtheletterwherehecaneasilyfindit.（从句）定语状语总结：where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。4.when引导的定语从句与强调句句型。ItwasOctober_______wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.（句）ItwasinOctober_____wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.（句）whenthat定语从强调总结：强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其它部分，去掉Itis/was…that/who…,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。强调句型Itis+被强调的部分+who（强调人）+其他That（强调人或事物）Hehelpedanoldman

inthepark

yesterday.Itwashewhohelpedanoldmanintheparkyesterday.Itwasanoldmanwhohehelpedintheparkyesterday.Itwasintheparkthathehelpedanoldmanyesterday.Itwasyesterdaythathehelpedanoldmaninthepark.定语从句解题技巧1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。即学即用：1)Yesterdaymyphysicsteachersetsuchadifficultexamproblem______noneofusworkedout.

A.that

B.as

C.sothat

D.whichB

2)HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_________areouroldfriends.A.which

B.that

C.whom

D.themC

3)Itwaseleveno’clock___theywentoutofthecinema.A.which

B.that

C.when

D.onwhichC

限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句Theyoungmanwhoisspeakingismyelderbrother.限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Jack,_______isveryfat,wantstolosesomeweight.who

1.Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。3.Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思（不只一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）限制性、非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句：

限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that,which,whom,who,whose以及关系副词when,where等，没有明显的逗号把从句与主语分开，表达的意思为被修饰词的一个定语。

例句：

Doyouknowtheprofessorwhoisspeakingatthemeeting?

WhereisthebookwhichIboughtthismorning?

限制性、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句：

作用相当于一种插入语或者对先行词的一种解释，和先行词之间只有比较松散的关系，文字中常常用逗号将其与主句分开，用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that做修饰词。

例句：

Thisletterisfromhisparents,whoareworkinginTibet.

Englishisanimportantsubject,whicheverystudentsshouldstudywell.

Thebuilding,infrontofwhichsataboy,wasaschool.

限制性、非限制性定语从句一、

定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

限制性、非限制性定语从句2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

限制性、非限制性定语从句3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

Itwasraininghard,which(as)wasunexpected.

限制性、非限制性定语从句二、

从形式上看，限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连，两者没有停顿；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。从意义上讲，限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，两者密不可分；而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，两者关系不那么紧密。从翻译角度，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。限制性、非限制性定语从句（1）限制性定语从句译成前置定语

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。

（2）非限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

限制性、非限制性定语从句三、下面是些例题，你做做看。

一、that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如：

【考例一】Sheheardtheterriblenoise,________broughtherheartintohermouth.

A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

限制性、非限制性定语从句二、除which外，还可用when，where，whose，whom等引导非限制性定语从句，且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如：

Nextmonth,whenyou‘llspendyoursummerholidaysinyourhometown,isapproaching.SheisgoingtoliveinMacao,whereshehassomeclosefriends.

【考例二】RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,________wasveryreasonable.

A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich

C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose

限制性、非限制性定语从句【考例三】IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm,______manypeoplehavegonehome.

A.whosetimeB.that

C.onwhichD.bywhichtime限制性、非限制性定语从句三、在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如：

Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,whomhelovedashisownmother.他迫切地想到医院去看望他的继母，他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。

限制性、非限制性定语从句四、非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。【考例四】Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,________madetheothersunhappy.

A.whoB.which

C.thisD.what【考例五】CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,________personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which

DB五、引导非限制性定语从句时as和which的差异：从句置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时，两者都可以使用。

【考例六】________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

【考例七】________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.

A.WhichB.As

C.ThatD.It

ExercisesA1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC解析：定语从句中的先行词为all,none等词时，关系代词必须用that,而不是which.故选C。2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD解析：thisfactory容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是Thisfactory是句子的主语而不是先行词。所以选择D.Theone中的one指代的是factory,作定语从句的先行词。4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD解析：题中的theschool是定语从句的先行词。in+which=where,因此选D.试比较：Thisschoolis____myfatherworked20yearsago.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.theonewhichB3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC解析：theday是定语从句的先行词，shespentinBeijing中的动词spent是个及物动词，后接宾语，theday作动词spent的宾语。因此选C.5、Thisisthefactory_______wevisit